ASAN MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT TEST I
CS 6302-DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
ANSWER KEY
Class : II year CSE
Duration : 90 Minutes
Date : 28-07-2016
Max Marks : 50
1. What are the three levels of Abstraction?
Physical Level: It is the lowest level of abstraction that describes how the data are actually stored.
Logical Level: It is the next higher level of abstraction that describes what data are stored in the
database and what relationship exists among those data.
View Level: It is the highest level of abstraction that describes only a part of the entire database.
2. What is the purpose of DBMS?
A DBMS provides a secure and survivable medium for the storage and retrieval of data. The
different users need to create access and manipulate the data. The DBMS provides a mechanism
to achieve these objectives without compromising security and integrity of data.
3. State the anomalies of 1NF.
The anomalies in 1NF are
i)
Insertion
ii)
Deletion
iii)
Modification
4. Is it possible for several attributes to have the same domain? Illustrate your answer with suitable
example.
A domain is a pool of values from which the values of specific attributes of specific relations are
taken. For eg th domain department is a set of all possible department names, and the domain
emp_name is a set of all employee names. Thus each and every attribute has its own domain.
Hence it is not possible for several attributes to have the same domain.
5. Define Functional Dependency
Functional dependency is a set of constraints between two attributes in a relation. Functional
dependency says that if two tuples have same values for attributes A1,A2,.An, then those
tuples must have same values for attributes B1,B2,Bn. Functional dependency is represented
by an arrow sign. ie, X->Y where X functionally determines Y.
6. Distinguish between a primary key and a candidate key.
A candidate key is a column or set of columns in a table that can uniquely identify any database
record without referring to any other data. Each table may have one or more candidate keys. But
one candidate key is special and it is called the primary key. A primary key column cannot have
NULL values.
7. What is Referential Integrity?
A value that appears in one relation for a given set of attributes also appears for a certain set of
attributes in another relation. This is called referential integrity.
8. Define Entity and Entity set
An Entity is a thing or object in the real world that is distinguishable from all other objects. An
entity set is a set of entities of the same type that share the same properties or attributes.
9. Write the characteristics of DBMS.
Self descriptive nature of DBMS
Data abstraction
Multiple views of data

Data sharing and multi-user transaction processing

PART B (1 X 8 = 8)

10. a) 10 a) Explain the architecture of DBMS with a block diagram.

10. b) Write short notes on i)Data model and its types

ii) E-R diagram for Banking system
Data model and its types
Data Model definition: Underlying structure of the database. It is a collection of conceptual
tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics and consistency constraints.
Types: I) Object Relational Model
i)
Entity Relational Model
ii)
Object Oriented Model
iii)
Object Relational Model
II) Record Based Logical Model
i)
Relational Model
ii)
Hierarchical Model
iii)
Network Model
III) Physical Model

E-R diagram for Banking System

11 a) What is Normalization? Explain the various normalization techniques with suitable examples.
Normalization is systematic approach of decomposing tables to eliminate data redundancy and undesirable
characteristics like insertion, deletion and update anomalies.
i)
First Normal Form
ii)
Second Normal Form
iii)
Third Normal Form
iv)
Boyce-Codd Normal Form
v)
Fourth Normal Form
vi)
Fifth Normal Form
11 b) i) Explain about Entity Relationship Model
The entity Relationship data model was developed to facilitate the database design by allowing specification
of an enterprise schema that represents the overall logical structure of a database.
Entity Sets
Attributes
Relationship Sets
Constraints
ii) Explain the fundamental operations of Relational Algebra.
Union
Intersection
Difference
Cartesian Product
Select
Projection

Rename