Professional Documents
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POTENTIOMETERS
Many
customers
choose
COPALs
potentiometers, which make use of the
Companys original devel- opment and precision
processing technologies.
This catalog is designed to help you make efficient
Ei Terminal
selection of models when choosing from the
Companys potentiometer products. Displacement
There are two basic methods, such asWipe
contact and
contact-less method in COPALs potentiometers.
The contact method is classified into conductive
plastic resistor, and cermet resistor potentiometers
depending on the resistor element used. Available
models are single turn, multiturn, and linear types.
Our wirewound potentiometers make use of precision wire winding technology to achieve low noise
and long life. Conductive plastic and cermet potentiometers use smooth coating resistors, providing
essentially infinite resolution and long life.
Contactless potentiometers are expected much
longer life than contact method.
Our potentiometers are used in various industrial
equipment (industrial robots, injection molding
machines,
banks
automatic
teller
machine), transportation equipment, computer
peripheral devices, measuring instruments, and
others for positioning and angle sensors, as
well as for manual setting in communications
equipment and measuring instruments.
POTENTIOMETER
S
OPERATING PRINCIPLES
Output E
voltage
0
Resistor
Output
voltage: E0
Linear output
O VTerminal
Fig. 1 Schematics diagrams
E0
Ei
(0 f)
=
f
Luminous element
Light Slit
Slit transmission light
Spiral slit
Shaft
Amplification circuit
Output power
OPERATING PRINCIPLES
POTENTIOMETERS
Wiper
Output
Resolution
Element windings
Core (Insulated copper wire)
Shaft travel
Wiper
C.P. substrate
Core (Plastic film)
Output
Cermet substrate
Core (Ceramic)
<Cermet type>
MODELS
<Wirewound type>
Precision wire winding technology has been used
to achieve low noise and long life. Wirewound types
include the single turn J series for use in servo
drives and the mul- titurn M series for use in
setting.
<Conductive plastic type>
Special
film
resistors
and
original
contact
construction pro- vide long life, with degradation
that is theoretically infinitely small.
Conductive plastic types include single turn types
and lin- ear types, both for use in servo drives.
POTENTIOMETERS
APPLICATI
ONS
For scales
APPLICATIONS
POTENTIOMETERS
SET.
ZERO-BAL.
Comparator amp.
Output
Comparative input
SET.
AMP.
NON-STANDARD VERSIONS
POTENTIOMETERS
IP67
POTENTIOMETERS
ENVIRONMENTAL
TEST
Series
J series
Test conditions
Test item
Performed 5 cycles
Temperature
cycle
Specifications
1. Change in total resistance of less than 5 %.
2. No mechanical damage.
Doing 5 cycles.
85
25
55
10M
30M
10M 30M
1 cycle
Resistor
temperature
characteristics
Rotational life
Low temp.
operation
55 C
1h
45 min
Rated applied (V)
4h
Low temp.
exposure
High temp.
exposure
Shock
High
frequency
vibration
Humidity
resistance
Salt spray
Terminal
strength
55 C
24 h
8h
1. No mechanical damage.
2. No momentary loss of continuity.
25 C to 65 C, Relative humidity 95 %
Performed for 10 cycles, each cycle being 24 h.
No signs of corrosion.
ENVIRONMENTAL TEST
POTENTIOMETERS
Series
M series
Test conditions
Test item
Temperature
cycle
Resistor
temperature
characteristics
Rotational life
Low temp.
operation
Specifications
Same as J series.
But peak noise of the
M22L10 series is less than
200 .
Low temp.
exposure
High temp.
exposure
Shock
High
frequency
vibration
Humidity
resistance
Salt spray
Terminal
strength
ENVIRONMENTAL TEST
POTENTIOMETERS
JC series
Series
Test conditions
Test item
Temperature
cycle
<Rotational life>
Rotated under same conditions as for J series. (Refer to
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS)
<Dither life>
Shafts are rotated for 50 h at room temperature without load at 60
5 Hz in a range of 5 3.
Same as J series
Same as J series
1. Less than the change in the output ratio, the linearity tolerance,
or
0.5 % whichever is smallest.
2. No mechanical damage or damage to the element.
Same as J series
Same as J series
Same as J series
Same as J series
Same as J series
Same as J series
Same as J series
Same as J series
Same as J series
Resistor
temperature
characteristics
Roational life
Low temp.
operation
Low temp.
exposure
High temp.
exposure
Specifications
Shock
High
frequency
vibration
Humidity
resistance
Salt spray
Terminal
strength
ENVIRONMENTAL TEST
POTENTIOMETERS
JP-30
Series
Test item
Test conditions
5 cycles at 65 to 85 C.
JP-30B
Specifications
Test conditions
5 cycles at 65 to 85 C.
Specifications
1. Change in total resistance
of less than 1 %.
2. No mechanical damage.
Temperature
cycle
Resistor
temperature
characteristics
1. 150 10-6/C
Same as for the J series,
Less than (0.015 %/C)
except that the lower
temperature limit is
55 C, and the upper temperature limit is 85 C.
1. 150 10-6/C
Same as for the J series,
Less than (0.015 %/C)
except that the lower
temperature limit is
55 C, and the upper temperature limit is 85 C.
65 C for 3 h
65 C for 3 h
65 C for 24 h
65 C for 24 h
Roational life
Low temp.
operation
Low temp.
exposure
ENVIRONMENTAL TEST
POTENTIOMETERS
JP-30
Series
Test item
Test conditions
High
frequency
vibration
Test conditions
Specifications
85 C for 1000 h
1. No mechanical or
electrical damage.
2. No momentary loss of
continu- ity.
1. No mechanical or
electrical damage.
2. No momentary loss of continuity.
Same as J series
Humidity
resistance
Terminal
strength
Specifications
85 C for 1000 h
High temp.
exposure
Shock
JP-30B
POTENTIOMETERS
No mechanical damage.
Same as J series
No mechanical damage.
HANDLING
NOTES
eLoading error
5
RP
2
1
AMP.
RP
max.
(%)
RL
RL
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.02
2
10
20
50
100
200
500
1000
RL
RP
POTENTIOMETERS
GLOSSAR
Y
RESOLUTION
The
output
ratio for value
wirewound
potentiometers
shows
the smallest
of change.
Theoretical degradation
The
formula for is
theoretical
degradation in wirewound
potentiometers
shown below.
1
Theoretical degradation =
100 (%)
N: effective
The total elecnumber
of angle.
windings within the
trical
Angle degradation
The
angle ofdegradation
shows to the
(percentage)
the angle needed
reduceratio
the
output
angle. voltage one step to the total electrical
Angle
degradation =
100 (%)
Voltage degradation
This shows the ratio (percentage) of the smallest
output
to the voltage between the terminals
(appliedvoltage
volt- age).
e
E:
Voltagee:
between
the
terminals
Smallest
degradation voltage
Output voltage
Rotational angle
GLOSSARY
POTENTIOMETERS
End resistance
LINEARITY
Linearity
is the deviation
of the output
voltage
from
theangle.
output
voltage reference
line from
the
rotation
There
are
four
ways
to
choose
the
reference
line.
These include
independent linearity,
absolute
reference linearity,
linearity. terminal linearity, and zero
Independent linearity
Absolute linearity
100 %
Output ratio
C max. sets
the reference
line for zero.
Output ratio
100 %
C max.
+ C max.
Effective electrical
angle
100 %
angle
Nominal electrical
100 %
GLOSSARY
POTENTIOMETERS
Unless otherwise specified, the linearity of our potentiometers is based on the independent linearity. The
mea- surement of the linearity is made by comparing
the actual output from the potentiometer and the
computer- genecated theoretical reference output.
The independent linearity is defined as shown below.
Upper limits
+C%
0%
Reference line
C%
Lower limits
Effective electrical angle
Independent linearity is C %
OUTPUT SMOOTHNESS
The output smoothness represents output stability of
conductive plastic potentiometers when the shaft is
rotated and is expressed by the ratio (percentage) of
the output voltage variation to the input voltage. The
measuring circuit is as shown below.
Output voltage variation (e)
100
Output smoothness = (%) Input voltage (E)
Potentiometer being measured RT
Output voltage
Filter
0.05 F 10 k
E
RL
400 k
0.1 F
Rotational angle
Filter: MIL-R-39023
Resistance load RL : RL = RT 100
Rotational speed : 4 min
-1
Oscilloscope
or
Recorder
GLOSSARY
POTENTIOMETERS
Wiper
CB
BC
Stopper
ROTATIONAL NOISE
This is equivalent noise resistance that occurs
when the potentiometers shaft is rotated and is
also called peak noise.
This test method is specified in MIL-R-12934F, and
the equivalent noise resistance here is calculated as
follows:
EP
Rotational noise = 0.001
Ep: The peak noise voltage (V) displayed on the oscilloscope.
Oscilloscope
1 mA
-1
GLOSSARY
POTENTIOMETERS
LOADING ERROR
The output accuracy of a potentiometer is adversely
affect- ed by the input impedance of the next stage
(or the load of the potentiometer).
This is calledloading error.
Rp R0
Ein
RP
RL
R0
Eout
Ro
Rp
Ein
Ro
Rp + (Rp Ro)
Ro
RL
(1
R
Ro
Rp
1 RP
+
)(
Ro
Rp
Ro
Rp
)
Ro
Rp
100 (%)
GLOSSARY
POTENTIOMETERS
PROTECTION GRADE
IP
International Protection
Grade
Grade
Degree of protection
Category
Degree of protection
No protection
No protection
Drip-proof
type
Drip-proof
type
Rain-proof
type
Splash-proof
type
Water-jetsproof type
Dust-tight
Waterproof
type
Watertight
type
Underwater
type
Related standards
POTENTIOMETERS
POTENTIOMETER INSTALLATION
INSTALLAT
ION
(Unit: mm)
For JC22S, JC30S, JT30
ratchet
For JT30,JC30S,JC40S, J40S, J45S, J50S
M 3 (P = 0.5)
2.1 0.05
R 0.5
M3
t = 0.7
LIST OF INSTALLATION
Installation
Series name
5.2
R 0.5 max.
2.6
1.2
3.7
3
3.1
5.5
M 2 truss screw
4.5
3.5
1.2