XY DNG M HNH NH LNG GII QUYT BI

TON LOGISTIC TRONG THNG MI QUC T

1. GII THIU CHUNG

c sn xut ti M ti mc cng sut

khng i q
c tiu th ti Italy cng ti mc cng sut
q
C khi lng n v l v
C chi ph lu kho n v l h
J: tp hp cc gi tr tn sut j
tj:thi gian lin tip gia hai ln gi hng
tng ng vi tun sut j
xj: gi tr phn trm ca tng sn phm c
gi ti tn sut j
yj: s lng phng tin vn ti s dng ti
tn sut j
iu kin:
0xj1
yj0 v l s nguyn
- Mc tiu: Vi mi tn sut gi hng (v d
sau 2 ngy hoc sau 7 ngy), xc nh khi
lng hng nn gi v s lng phng tin
vn ti cn dng, m bo ti thiu ha
tng chi ph vn chuyn v chi ph lu kho
trong mt n v thi gian.
3.2. Xy dng m hnh ti u ca tn sut
gi hng
Min: chi ph lu kho+ chi ph vn chuyn ti
M v Italy
Tng chi ph lu kho:

Trong thng mi quc t, vn chuyn gia

cc khong cch xa ng mt vai tr quan
trng trong tt c chui cung ng hin i.
Loi hnh chuyn ch ny cn thit trong vic
vn chuyn nguyn liu th t vng nguyn
liu n nh my, vn chuyn bn thnh
phm gia cc nh my, v sn phm cui
cng n cc i l tiu th v ngi tiu
dng cui cng. Trong hu ht cc ngnh
cng nghip, chi ph vn chuyn c c
tnh bng 1/3 hoc 2/3 ca chi ph hu cn v
chui cung ng (Giani, 2004). Vn t ra
l xc nh khi no chng ta nn gi hng
ti thiu ha chi ph gi hng cng nh ti
thiu ha chi ph lu kho, bn bi. Nu chng
ta ch quan tm n chi ph vn chuyn,
phng php ti u l ch cho n khi
phng tin vn ti (xe t, tu ha, tu
thy, my bay) c cht y. Nu chng ta
ch quan tm n chi ph lu kho, bn bi,
phng php ti u l gi ngay khi c hng.
Trong hu ht cc trng hp, nh qun tr
logistic phi quan tm n c hai loi chi ph
trn, do phng php nh lng tm ra
gii php ti u l v cng quan trng. Trnh
t ca mt gii php nh lng bao gm:
Nu vn , xy dng m hnh, v phn mm
(software) x dng gii quyt.

hqt j xj
j J

Tng chi ph vn chuyn:

2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

- Nghin cu phng php nh lng: xy

dng m hnh ti u: nu vn , xy dng
m hnh v xut phn mm MPL gii
quyt bi ton
- Phn tch kt qu v nu ngha ca cc
tham s

j J

yj

Tng chi ph vn chuyn v chi ph lu kho

trong mt n v thi gian:

hqt j xj
j J

3. KT QU NGHIN CU

t
j J

yj

Gii hn nhu cu: Tng phn trm cc sn

phm c gi c gi tr bng 1:

3.1. Bi ton logistic:

- Hng ha c vn chuyn t nh my sn
xut ti M n cc i l tiu th v ngi
tiu dng ti Italy.
- Mt phng tin vn ti (V d: tu thy)
c kh nng vn chuyn r v chi ph vn
chuyn l c
- c tnh sn phm:

x j=1
j J

Gii hn kh nng vn chuyn: Vi mi tn

sut vn chuyn j, lng hng ha c cht
ln phng tin vn ti khng vt qu kh
nng vn chuyn ca phng tin :
2

vq

tjxj

yj

jJ

Kh nng vn chuyn r
Mc cng sut q
Chi ph lu kho n v
l h
Khi lng n v l v
t1
t2
t3

M hnh tn sut gi hng:

Min

hqt j xj
j J

t
j J

yj

x j=1
j J

vq
xj

tjxj

yj

jJ

j J
y j 0, l s nguy n
3.3. ng dng phn mm MPL v Excel
gii quyt bi ton
Bng 1: D liu u vo ca m hnh
trong trng hp 1

x1
1
Gi tr
nh
nht
tng
chi ph

1
1
1
1

x2
0.33

x3
0

1.5
1
2
7

y1
1
2.833

y2
1

x3
0

y1
2
12

y2
0

y3
0

4. KT LUN
Bi vit nu ln mt trong nhng vn c
bn ca vn ti quc t, v xut cc bc
xy dng m hnh, dng phn mm MPL
gii quyt bi ton mt cch hiu qu.
Qua a ra li khuyn co cho cc doanh
nghip xut nhp khu, cho nh qun tr
logistic mt c s khoa hc tin cy a ra
quyt nh khi no gi hng, v gi vi s
lng l bao nhiu ti thiu ha tng chi
ph gi hng v chi ph lu kho

y3
0

Nhn xt: Gi tr nh nht tng chi ph vn

ti v chi ph lu kho l 2.833. Gi tr ny t
c trong trng hp ta gi 66% sn phm
x1, 33% sn phm x2 v khng gi sn phm
x3. S dng 1 phng tin vn ti y1, 1
phng tin vn ti y2 v khng dng phng
tin vn ti y3.
Khi ta thay i gi tr ca h
Bng 3: D liu u vo ca m hnh
trong trng hp 2
Chi ph vn chuyn c

x2
0

Nhn xt: Gi tr nh nht tng chi ph vn

ti v chi ph lu kho l 12. Gi tr ny t
c trong trng hp ta gi 100% sn phm
x1, khng gi sn phm x2, x3. S dng 2
phng tin vn ti y1, v khng dng
phng tin vn ti y2, y3

Chy chng trnh MPL v phn mm excel

cho ra kt qu:
Bng 2: Kt qu ca m hnh trong trng
hp 1
x1
0.66
Gi tr
nh
nht
tng
chi ph

1.5
1
2
7

Chy chng trnh MPL v phn mm excel

cho ra kt qu:
Bng 4: Kt qu ca m hnh trong trng
hp 2

jJ

Chi ph vn chuyn c
Kh nng vn chuyn r
Mc cng sut q
Chi ph lu kho n v
l h
Khi lng n v l v
t1
t2
t3

1
1
10

5. TI LIU THAM KHO

(1) Luca Bertazzi, Maria Grazia Speranza,
Walter Ukovich, 1996, Minimization of
logistic costs with given frequencies,
Vol.31.No.4,
pp
327
340,1997.
Published by Elsevier Science, Printed
in Great Britain

1
3

(2) Michael Hugos - Phng Lan (dch v

gii thiu), 2014, Tinh hoa qun tr
chui cung ng

(3) Gianpaolo Ghiani, Gilbert Laporte,

Roberto Musmanno, 2004, Introduction
to logistics systems planning and
control, Wiley, England.