(HoaHocTHPT) LoiGiaiChiTietDeThiDaiHoc 2009 KhoiB

LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12 18A/88-INH VN T-TP.
HI DNG
G
Gii
ll
ii g
gii
ii
tthhii t tu uyy nn ssiin
nh h ii hh c
c c ca ao o
nng
gnn
mm 22000099
MMnn tthhii:: H
Haa H
Hcc -- K
Khhii B
B -- M
M 663377
y l gi gii thi i hc, cao ng - khi B - nm 2009. Gi li gii ny ti a nn ch vi mc

ch cho cc em hc sinh, cng nh cc bn ng nghip tham kho bit c hng v cch lm mt
thi sao cho tt nht trong khong thi gian ngn nht.
c rt nhiu thy c gio nhit tnh a ra li gii chi tit v trn vn cho thi ha khi B nm
nay, trong c nhiu bi vit kh hay. Tuy c a ra hi mun so vi cc p n khc, nhng trong bi vit
ny ti s a ra nhng kin ring ca bn thn ti v thi, ti hi vng nhng kin ca bn thn ti v
thi ny s gip ch cho cc em hc sinh cng nh cc bn ng nghip trong qu trnh dy v hc ha hc.
Trong li gi gii cc cu, ti c gng phn tch nhng li v nhng sai lm m cc em hc sinh c
th mc phi trong qu trnh lm bi. Nhng li gi v phng php ti a ra c th cha phi l phng
php nhanh nht hoc tt nht v cn c rt nhiu phng php v cch lm khc nhau, nhng ti hi vng rng
vi cch m ti a ra s l mt trong nhng cch m hc sinh cm thy d hiu nht.
Li gi ny c a ra c a ra trong thi gian rt ngn sau khi kt thc k thi khi B nm 2009,
nn trong qu trnh nh my s khng trnh khi nhng sai xt trong qu trnh nh my. Trong qu trnh c
v tm hiu v li gi , nu nh c bt k ai pht hin ra c nhng li sai xt trong cc cu, ti rt mong
s nhn c nhng li gp chn thnh ca cc bn ti hon thin hn na v li gi gii.
Mi gp xin lin h qua
+ E_mail: netthubuon@yahoo.com hoc hoahoc.org@gmail.com
+ in thoi: 0979817885
+ C s bi dng kin thc: 18A/88-inh Vn T-Thnh Ph Hi Dng
Cho bit khi lng nguyn t (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t :

H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; F = 19 ; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; P = 31; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40;
Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ag = 108 ; I = 127 ; Ba = 137 ; Au = 197
I. Phn chung cho tt c th sinh (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v H2SO4 0,25M. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 17,8 v 4,48. B. 17,8 v 2,24. C. 10,8 v 4,48. D. 10,8 v 2,24.
Gi : Ta c: nNO = 2nCu ( NO3 )2 = 2.0,8.0, 2 = 0, 32mol v n H+ = 2nH 2 SO4 = 0, 4mol
3
+
Ta c; 4 H + NO3 + 3e
H + c kh nng s tham gia phn ng ht v NO-3 d
NO + 2 H 2O
0,4 mol
0,1mol
0,32 mol
Theo bi, sau phn ng thu c hn hp 2 kim loi

Vy chng t rng Fe vn cn d sau
N +5 + 3e
=> khi th N +2 ; Cu +2
+ 2e Cu
v Fe
- 2e
Fe+2

0,1mol 0,3 mol 0,1mol 0,16 mol 0,32 mol 0,16 mol 0,4m + 0,16.64 0,4m + 0,16.64
2.
56 56
(ti sao th bn t tm hiu nu cha bit)

Khi lng ca Fe cn d l: 0,6m 0,16.64 => khi lng tham gia phn ng l 0,4m + 0,16.64
Theo nh lut bo ton electron ta c: 2.(0,4m.56 + 0,16.64) = (0,3 + 0,32).56 => m = 17,8 gam
Vy p n l: B
tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh)

Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org) 1
LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12 18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG
Nhn xt: bi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch hn hp cha NO -3 v H +
Chng ta cn phi vn dng phng php bo ton electron - in tch v s dng phng trnh ion thu
gn. Qua cu hi ny cc em hc sinh cn ghi nh v:
+ Hiu c bn cht ca phn ng ha hc trong dung dch.
+ Tnh oxi ha ca ion NO -3 ca dung dch mui trong mi trng axit (H + ) .
Fe2+ Cu 2+ Fe3+
+ V tr cp oxi ha kh ca kim loi v ngha ca chng;
Fe Cu Fe 2+
+ Rn luyn phng php tnh ton bi ton (bo ton electron, ion, ) v k nng tnh ton.
y l mt dng ton kh l quen thuc trong chng trnh ha hc ph thng.
im mu cht ca bi ton l bit da vo d kin: thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi
Cu 2: C cc th nghim sau:
(I) Sc kh CO2 vo nc Gia-ven. (III) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui.
(II) Sc kh SO2 vo nc brom. (IV) Nhng l nhm vo dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui.
S th nghim xy ra phn ng ha hc l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 1. D. 2.
Gi : Vi cu hi ny ch yu l yu cu cc em hc sinh ghi nh c kin thc, nn em no lm c kin
thc th vic gii quyt bi ton ch cn khong thi gian 20s.
Phng trnh phn ng:
CO2 + NaClO + H 2O NaHCO3 + HClO
Fe + H 2 SO4 (long, ngui)
FeSO4 + H 2
SO2 + Br2 + H 2O
2 HBr + H 2 SO4
Al + H 2 SO4 (c, ngui)
do Al th ng trong dung dch H 2 SO4 c, ngui
Vy c 3 phng trnh phn ng ha hc xy ra => p n B.
Nhn xt: y l mt cu hi tng i d, nhng do n ri vo phn kin thc ha hc lp 10, nn rt nhiu
cc em hc sinh quan tm nhiu, nn s c s lng tng khi a ra p n. Nhng vi kin thc lp 12 v ta s
loi c IV, cn II c th thy rng n ng da vo tnh oxi ha kh, cn III th khi phi ni l cng
bit n ng, khi bn ch phn vn p n B v D.
Cu 3: Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l:
A. 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten; propilen; stiren; vinyl clorua.
B. buta-1,3-ien; cumen; etilen; trans-but-2-en.
C. stiren; clobenzen; isopren; but-1-en.
D. 1,2-iclopropan; vinylaxetilen; vinylbenzen; toluen.
Gi : Vi cu hi ny, cc em hc sinh cn ghi nh v iu kin xy ra phn ng trng hp: Phi c lin
kt i hoc c vng khng bn v phi ghi nh v xc nh c chnh xc c im cu to ca cc cht m
bi cho.
Trong cc cht bi cho th c mt s cht khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp:
Vy khi p n A l p n ng. (phng trnh phn ng ca cc cht kia cc em t vit ghi nh)
Nhn xt: y l cu hi tng i n gin, khng c tnh cht nh , ch yu l yu cu hc sinh ghi nh
kin thc.
Cu 4: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X, thu c 0,351 gam H2O v 0,4368 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Bit
X c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim khi un nng. Cht X l
A. CH3COCH3. B. O=CH-CH=O. C. CH2=CH-CH2-OH. D. C2H5CHO.
Gi : Vi cu hi ny, khi c ta phi ngay v d kin: X phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng
kim khi un nng => X s l hp cht cha nhm CHO, khi ta s loi ngay c p n A v C.
Ta c: n CO2 =0,0195mol v n H 2 O =0,0195mol
Vy khi ta s suy ra ngay p n s l B. (da vo s nguyn t H v C trong phn t)
Vi cu hi ny, chng ta phi c s kt hp gia cc p n a ra v cc d kin ca bi ton ra kt qu.
Cu 5: Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn t c sp
xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l:
A. N, Si, Mg, K. B. Mg, K, Si, N. C. K, Mg, N, Si. D. K, Mg, Si, N.
Gi : y l mt cu hi thuc chng trnh ha hc lp 10 phn bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc.
c th xt c, ta cn phi sp xp cc nguyn t trn vo trong bng tun hon theo chu k v nhm (sp
xp da vo cu hnh electron ca nguyn t)
7 {chu k 2 - nhm VA
N :1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 3 IA IIA IVA VIA

12 Mg :1s 2 s 2 p 3s
2 2 6 2
{Chu k 3 - nhm IIA N

14 Si :1s 2 s 2 p 3s 3 p
2 2 6 2 2
{Chu k 3 - nhm IVA Mg Si

19 K :1s 2 s 2 p 3s 3 p 4 s
2 2 6 2 6 1
{Chu k 4 - nhm IA K
- Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn th bn knh nguyn t gim dn
Tuy cc nguyn t cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron, nhng khi in tch ht nhn tng, lc ht gia ht nhn v
electron ho tr lp ngoi cng cng tng dn, lm bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
- Trong mt nhm theo chiu t trn xung di, bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
Theo chiu t trn xung di, s lp electron tng dn, in tch ht nhn tng dn, nhng do s lp electron tng mnh
nn lm cho bn knh nguyn t tng dn
Qua s miu t trn ta nhn thy rng p n D l p n chnh xc nht.
Nhn xt : y l mt cu hi khng kh, nhng do n thuc vo mng kin thc ha hc lp 10, nn s c
nhiu em hc sinh khng .
Cu 6: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Trng hp stiren thu c poli (phenol-fomanehit).
B. Trng ngng buta-1,3-ien vi acrilonitrin c xc tc Na c cao su buna-N.
C. Poli (etylen terephtalat) c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng cc monome tng ng.
D. T visco l t tng hp.
Gi : Vi cu hi ny ch yu l mang tnh cht l thuyt, yu cu hc sinh nm c :
- Cng thc ca cc cht: Stiren, poli(phenol-fomandehit), buta-1,3-dien, acrilonitrin, poli (etylen terephtalat),
cao su buna-N, to visco
- Cch vit sn phm phn ng trng hp, trng ngng.
- Tn gi ca polime bao gm tn quc t v tn thng.
+ Trng hp Stiren => poli stiren
+ Buta-1,3-dien + acilonitrin => Cao su buna-N bng phn ng trng hp
+ Poli (etylen terephtalat) l loi t lapsan c to ra do phn ng trng ngng gia etylen glicol v axit
tetraphtalic
+ T visco l loi t bn tng hp hay cn c gi l t nhn to.
Qua p n C l p n ng.
HOOC COOH ( axit terephtalic)
nHOOC C6H4 COOH + nHO (CH2)2 OH ( CO C6H4 COO (CH2)2 O )n + nH2O

Nhn xt: y l mt cu khng kh
Cu 7: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, un nng v khuy u.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y
v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 151,5. B. 97,5. C. 137,1. D. 108,9.
2+ 2+ 3+
Fe Cu Fe
Gi : ta c: nNO = 0,15 mol v ta ch v cp oxi ha - kh:
Fe Cu Fe 2+
Qua d kin bi ra, ta nhn s c : 2,4 gam kim loi cha phn ng l Cu v Fe3O4 to thnh Fe(NO3)2.
N +5 + 3e
N +2
0,45 0,15
+2
2e
Cu Cu
+
8 Gi x, y ln lt l s mol Cu v Fe3O4 tham gia phn ng.
x 2x x Fe + 2e
3 3
Fe+2
3
3y 2y 3y
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t v bo ton electron ta s c:

64 x + 2, 4 + 232 y = 61, 2 x = 0,375mol

2 x = 2 y + 0, 45 y = 0,15mol
Vy khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng l: 0,375.(64 + 62.2) + 0,15.3.(56 + 62.2) = 151,5 gam
Nhn xt: y l mt bi c th ni l tng i l kh, n i hi s t duy cao v c kh nng khi qut ha,
tng hp cc kin thc lm.
Cu 2+ Fe3+
S c nhiu em hc sinh qun phn ng gia cp oxi ha kh
Cu Fe 2+
Cu 8: Khi nhit phn hon ton tng mui X, Y th u to ra s mol kh nh hn s mol mui tng ng. t
mt lng nh tinh th Y trn n kh khng mu, thy ngn la c mu vng. Hai mui X, Y ln lt l:
A. KMnO4, NaNO3. B. Cu(NO3)2, NaNO3. C. CaCO3, NaNO3. D. NaNO3, KNO3.
Gi :
2 KMnO4
K 2 MnO4 + O2 + MnO2 (1)
2 NaNO3
2 NaNO2 + O2 (2)
Ta c cc phng trnh phn ng nhit phn mui: 2Cu ( NO3 ) 2
2CuO + 4 NO2 + O2 (3)
CaCO3
CaO + CO2 (4)
2 KNO3
2 KNO2 + O2 (5)
Qua cc phng trnh trn ta thy rng phng trnh (1), (2) v (5) l cc phng trnh c s mol kh nh hn s
mol ca mui.
=> loi p n B v C v c hai p n cn la chn l A v D.
+ Tinh th Y khi t trn n kh khng my li c thy ngn la mu vng => tinh th Y phi l mui cha ion
kim loi Na => loi p n D
Vy p n chnh xc l p n A
Cu 9: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X thnh
hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc). t chy hon ton phn
hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO2. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X ln
lt l
A. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 70,87%. B. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%.
C. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 54,88%. D. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%.
Gi :
Ta c nH 2 = 0, 02mol v n CO2 = 0, 06mol
2 RCOOH +2 Na
2 RCOONa + H2 R ( COOH )2 R ( COONa ) 2 +
+2 Na H2
x x/2 y y

x
nH 2 = + y = 0, 02mol (1)
2
1, 5 < n < 3 => n = 2
n CO = nx + ny = 0, 06mol (2) (vi n l s nguyn t C trong axit)
2
Vy axit Y: CH3COOH v axit Z: HOOC-COOH
0,1.90
Thay vo (1), (2) x = 0,02 , y = 0,01 %HOOC COOH = .100 = 42, 86(%)
0,1.90 + 0,2.60
Nhn xt: y l mt bi tp tnh ton tng i n gin, n kh quen thuc vi dng p dng phng php
trung bnh
Cu 10: Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si t tri sang phi l:
A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH, HCOOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
C. HCOOH, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO D. CH3COOH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3CHO.
Gi : Ta da vo kh nng lin kt hidro sp xp.
- Cht no c lin kt hidro cng mnh th cng c nhit si cao nht: t so (axit) > t os (ancol) > t so (andehit)
- M cng ln th nhit si cng ln.
Vy p n l A.
Cu 11: Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t c trong t
nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t ZX < ZY) vo dung dch AgNO3 (d), thu c
8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban u l
A. 58,2%. B. 52,8%. C. 41,8%. D. 47,2%.
Gi : Gi s hai mui NaX v NaY u to kt ta vi AgNO3 => Cng thc chng cho hai mui: Na X
Na X + AgNO3
Ag X + NaNO3
23 + X 108 + X
(23 + X ) (108+X )
= => X = 175, 66
6, 03 8, 61
6, 03 8,61
Khng c halogen tho mn

c NaF (AgF khng kt ta) cn li NaCl
6, 03 0, 06.58, 5
Ta d dng tnh c: nNaCl = nAgCl = 0,06
%mNaF = .100 = 41, 8(%)
6, 03
Cu 12: Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c dung dch X v
3,248 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam mui sunfat khan. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 52,2. B. 48,4. C. 54,0. D. 58,0.
Gi : nSO2 = 0,145mol
+ Cch 01: i s + bo ton electron
FexOy : a mol
xFe+2y/x - (3x 2y)e xFe+3
ax a(3x 2y)
+6
S + 2e S+4
0,29 0,145
(3x - 2y)a = 0,29
x = y
(56x + 16y)a = 20,88
Oxit st: FeO; s mol FeO = 20,88/72 = 0,29 mol
=> S mol : Fe2(SO4)3 = 0,29/2 = 0,145 mol
m = 0,145. 400 = 58,0
+ Cch 02: p dng phng php quy i
Qui FexOy thnh Fe v O
Cho : Fe - 3e Fe3+ . Nhn: O + 2e O2- v S+6 + 2e S+4
x 3x x y 2y 0,29 0,145
56x + 16y = 20, 88 x = 0, 29
mmui Fe2 ( SO4 )3
= 05.0, 29.400 = 58 gam

3x = 2y + 0, 29 y = 0,29

Nhn xt: y l mt bi ton tng i n gin, n ch mang tnh cht tnh ton v vn dng phng php
gii, vi nhng hc sinh hi t K3P th vic gii qut bi ton ny kh n gin
Cu 13: Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau:
(1) (NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2
(2) CuSO4 + Ba(NO3)2
(3) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 (4) H2SO4 + BaSO3
(5) (NH4)2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 (6) Fe2(SO4)3 + Ba(NO3)2
Cc phn ng u c cng mt phng trnh ion thu gn l?
A. (1), (2), (3), (6). B. (3), (4), (5), (6). C. (2), (3), (4), (6). D. (1), (3), (5), (6).
2+ 2
Gi : (1), (2), (3) v (6) u c cng phng trnh ion thu gn l: Ba + SO4 BaSO4
Cu 14: Ha tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) vo dung dch X, thu c kt ta Y. Nung Y
trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l
A. hn hp gm Al2O3 v Fe2O3. B. hn hp gm BaSO4 v FeO.
C. hn hp gm BaSO4 v Fe2O3. D. Fe2O3.
Gi :
Fe FeSO4 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3
+H2SO4
+Ba(OH)2 , du
+O2 +H2O, t0
t0

Fe2O3 ,BaSO4
Al(OH)3 , tan
Al Al2 (SO4 )3 BaSO4 BaSO4

Cu 15: Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c 3,67 gam mui
khan. Mt khc 0,02 mol X tc dng va vi 40 gam dung dch NaOH 4%. Cng thc ca X l
A. (H2N)2C3H5COOH. B. H2NC2H3(COOH)2.
C. H2NC3H6COOH. D. H2NC3H5(COOH)2.
Gi : Theo bi da vo d kin 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M ta
loi ngay c p n A
Ta c nNaOH = 0,04 mol = 2naxit => c 2 nhm axit => loi tip c p n C
Ta c cng thc ca amino axit dng: H2N-R-(COOH)2
(HOOC)2RNH2 + HCl (HOOC)2RNH3Cl
3, 67
0,02 0,02 Mmui = 45.2 + R + 52,5 = = 183, 5 R = 41 (-C3H5-)
0, 02
Vy X l: (HOOC)2C3H5NH2
Cu 16: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,80. B. 4,08. C. 2,16. D. 0,64.
Gi : Ta ch v v tr ca cp oxi ha kh trong dy in ha:
Fe2 + Cu 2+ Fe3+ Ag +
Fe Cu Fe 2+ Ag
Ta c: nFe = 0,04 mol; nAgNO3 = 0, 02mol v n Cu(NO3 )2 = 0,1mol
Ta c th t phng trnh phn ng: Ag +
Fe + 2 Fe2 + + 2
Ag Fe + Cu

2+
Fe 2+ + Cu

0,01 0,02 0,02 0,03 0,03 0,03
Khi lng cht rn Y ;: 0,02.108 + 0,03.64 = 4,08 gam

Cu 17: Cho X l hp cht thm; a mol X phn ng va ht vi a lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc nu cho a
mol X phn ng vi Na (d) th sau phn ng thu c 22,4a lt kh H2 ( ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca
X l
A. CH3-C6H3(OH)2. B. HO-C6H4-COOCH3.
C. HO-CH2-C6H4-OH. D. HO-C6H4-COOH.
Gi :
X tc dng c vi NaOH => X cha mt nguyn t H linh ng (Nhm -OH lin kt trc tip vi vng
benzen hoc c nhm -COOH) => loi p n A
Mt khc: nH 2 = nX => c cha cha 2 nguyn t H linh ng
Vy loi p n B v D v cui cng l p n ng: C
Cu 18: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht. T khi
ca X so vi H2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh
Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l
A. CH3-CH=CH-CH3. B. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3.
C. CH2=C(CH3)2. D. CH2=CH2.
Gi : V Anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm duy nht => loi ngay p n B v C v theo quy tc cng
c kh nng to ra hai sn phm (sn phm chnh v sn phm ph)
Ta gi cng thc ca anken l : CnH2n vi s mol l a mol => s mol ca H2 l 1-a mol (coi hn hp c 1 mol)
Cn H 2 n + H 2 Cn H 2 n + 2
x 1 x Tng s mol l 1
0 1 2x x Tng s mol l 1-x
Theo bi ta c:
+ Trc p: 14nx+(1-x).2=9,1.2 x = 0,3mol
Anken : CH 3 CH = CH CH 3
+ Sau p: x(14n+2) + 2(1-2x) = 13.2(1-x) n = 4
Cu 19: Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng?
A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO3)3.
B. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]).
C. Thi CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
D. Cho dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch AlCl3.
Gi : Da vo tnh cht ha hc ca cc cht
+) 3NaOH + Cr(NO3)3 => 3NaNO3 + Cr(OH)3 v NaOH + Cr(OH)3 => NaCrO2 + 2H2O
+) HCl + NaAlO2 + H2O => NaCl + Al(OH)3 v Al(OH)3 + 3HCl => AlCl3 + 3H2O
+) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 => CaCO3 + H2O v CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O => Ca(HCO3)2
+) 3NH3 + 3H2O + AlCl3 => Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
Cu 20: Cho mt s tnh cht:
c dng si (1) tan trong nc (2) tan trong nc Svayde (3)
phn ng vi axit nitric c (xc tc axit sunfuric c) (4) tham gia phn ng trng bc (5)
b thu phn trong dung dch axit un nng (6).
Cc tnh cht ca xenluloz l:
A. (3), (4), (5) v (6) B. (1), (3), (4) v (6) C. (2), (3), (4) v (5) D. (1,), (2), (3) v (4)
Gi : Xem li SGK
Cu 21: Cho cc hp cht sau :
(a) HOCH2-CH2OH (b) HOCH2-CH2-CH2OH
(c) HOCH2-CH(OH)-CH2OH (d) CH3-CH(OH)-CH2OH
(e) CH3-CH2OH (f) CH3-O-CH2CH3
Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)2 l
A. (c), (d), (f) B. (a), (b), (c) C. (a), (c), (d) D. (c), (d), (e)
Gi :
Tc dng c vi Na => Cht phi cha nhm OH; tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 => cha nhm OH lin k nhau
Vy p n l C.
Cu 22: S ipeptit ti a c th to ra t mt hn hp gm alanin v glyxin l
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 1
Gi : lm bi ny ta c th hnh dung l t hai s 1 v 2 th c th c bao nhiu cch ghp n lin li vi
nhau thnh thnh 1 s gm c hai s: 11; 22; 12; 21 => p n l C
Cu 23: Cho cc phn ng sau :
(a) 4HCl + PbO2
PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O (b) HCl + NH4HCO3
NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O
(c) 2HCl + 2HNO3 2NO3 + Cl2 + 2H2O (d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2
S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l
A. 2 B. 4 C. 1 D. 3
-
Gi : ta mun xc nh c phn ng m HCl th hin tnh kh => Cl s cho i electron thnh s oxi ha
dng cao hn. 2Cl 2e
Cl2
Cu 24: Cho hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t l C3H7NO2. Khi phn ng vi dung dch
NaOH, X to ra H2NCH2COONa v cht hu c Z ; cn Y to ra CH2=CHCOONa v kh T. Cc cht Z v T ln
lt l
A. CH3OH v CH3NH2 B. C2H5OH v N2
C. CH3OH v NH3 D. CH3NH2 v NH3
Gi : Ta vo d kin Y (C3H7NO2) + NaOH => CH2=CHCOONa v kh T
Ta nhn thy rng T s khng cn cha nguyn t C na (Loi ngay p n A).
Mt khc X (C3H7NO2) + NaOH => H2NCH2COONa v cht hu c Z. Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t => Z
khng c cha nguyn t N => loi tip c p n D v B (do X cha nhiu hn 1 nguyn t C)
Vy p n chnh xc l p n C
C3H7NO2 + NaOH H2NCH2COONa + CH3OH ; C3H7NO2 + NaOH CH2=CHCOONa + NH3 + H2O
(X) (Z) (Y) (T)
Cu 25: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe3O4 trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu c dung dch Y,
cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Y, thu c 39 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 48,3 B. 57,0 C. 45,6 D. 36,7
Gi : Theo bi sau X + NaOH => kh H2
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O => 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
=> p nhit nhm th Al cn d
8Al + 3Fe3O4 9Fe + 4Al2O3
0,4 0,4.3/8
Cht rn X: Fe ; Al2O3 ; Al d
Dd Y: NaAlO2
NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O => NaHCO3 + Al(OH)3
S mol Al d sau p nhit nhm = 2/3 s mol H2 = 2/3. 3,36/22,4 = 0,1 mol
S mol Al ban u = s mol Al(OH)3 = 39/78 = 0,5 mol
S mol Al tham gia p nhit nhm = 0,5 0,1 = 0,4 mol
S mol Fe3O4 = 0,4.3/8 = 0,15 mol => m = 0,5. 27 + 0,15. 232 = 48,3
Cu 26: Cho hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C2H2. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch brom (d) th khi
lng brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X tc dng vi lng d dung
dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH4 c trong X l
A. 40% B. 20% C. 25% D. 50%
Gi :
13,44 lit X : S mol hn hp X = 13,44/22,4 = 0,6 mol S mol C2Ag2 = 36/240 = 0,15 mol.
Suy ra s mol C2H2 = 0,15 mol

S mol Br2 p = 48/160 = 0,3 mol
Trong 8,6gam X: CH4: amol; C2H4: bmol; C2H2: c mol
Trong 13,44 lit X: CH4: na mol; C2H4: nb mol; C2H2: nc mol
Ta c: 16a + 28b + 26c = 8,6 a = 0,2
b + 2c = 0,3 b = 0,1
nc = 0,15 c = 0,1
na + nb + nc = 0,6
%V ca CH4 = (0,2/0,4).100 = 50%
Cu 27: Cho cht xc tc MnO2 vo 100 ml dung dch H2O2, sau 60 giy thu c 3,36 ml kh O2 ( ktc). Tc
trung bnh ca phn ng (tnh theo H2O2) trong 60 giy trn l
A. 2,5.10-4 mol/(l.s) B. 5,0.10-4 mol/(l.s) C. 1,0.10-3 mol/(l.s) D. 5,0.10-5 mol/(l.s)
Gi : 2 H 2O2 MnO2
2 H 2O + O2
Ta c nO2 = 1,5.10 4 mol
nH 2O2 = 3.104 mol
CMH 2O2 = 3.10 3 M
V = 5.105 mol / l.s
Cu 28: Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm
NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l
A. 1,2 B. 1,0 C. 12,8 D. 13,0
Gi :
S mol H2SO4 = 0,05.0,1 = 0,005 mol, suy ra s mol H+ = 0,01 mol
S mol HCl = 0,1.0,1 = 0,01 mol , suy ra s mol H+ = 0,01 mol
Tng s mol H+ = 0,01 + 0,01 = 0,02 mol
S mol NaOH = 0,2. 0,1 = 0,02 mol, suy ra s mol OH- = 0,02 mol
S mol Ba(OH)2 = 0,1. 0,1 = 0,01 mol, suy ra s mol OH- = 0,02 mol
Tng s mol OH- = 0,04 mol
H+ + OH- H2 O
0,02 0,02
S mol OH- d = 0,04 0,02 = 0,02 mol => [OH-]d = 0,02/(0,1 + 0,1) = 0,1 mol/lit = 10-1
pOH = 1 => pH = 14 1 = 13
Cu 29: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M (in cc
tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy. Dung dch thu c sau in phn
c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l
A. 4,05 B. 2,70 C. 1,35 D. 5,40
Gi :
35, 5.5.3860
mCl2 = = 7,1(g ) ng vi nCl = 0,1 (mol); nCuCl = 0,05; nNaCl = 0,25
96500.1 2 2
dpdd dpdd
CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 ; 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2 ; Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + 3/2H2
0,05 0,05 0,1 0,1 0,05 0,1 0,1
mAlmax = 0,1.27= 2,7 (g)
Cu 30: Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch KOH
0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp X trn, sau
hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng 6,82 gam. Cng
thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X l
A. HCOOH v HCOOC2H5 B. CH3COOH v CH3COOC2H5
C. C2H5COOH v C2H5COOCH3 D. HCOOH v HCOOC3H7
Gi :
Ta c nancol = 0,015 mol nKOH = 0,04 mol = nX m X li gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc v tc dng
va vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol
Vy hn hp X cha 1 axit hu c v mt este ca chnh axit hu c => CT: Cn H 2 n O2
Cn H 2 n O2
nCO2 + nH 2O => 0,04 n.44 + 0, 04.n.18 = 6,82
n = 2, 75

0, 015.m + (0, 04 0, 015).n
CnH2nO2 (l axit) v CmH2mO2 (l esste) => = 2, 75 => 0,11 = 0,015m + 0,025n
0, 04
3m + 5n = 22 => n =2; m =4
Cu 31: Cho cc hp cht hu c :
(1) ankan; (2) ancol no, n chc, mch h;
(3) xicloankan; (4) ete no, n chc, mch h;
(5) anken; (6) ancol khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), mch h
(7) ankin; (8) anehit no, n chc, mch h;
(9) axit no, n chc, mch h (10) axit khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), n chc
Dy gm cc cht khi t chy hon ton u cho s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O l :
A. (3), (5), (6), (8), (9) B. (3), (4), (6), (7), (10)
C. (2), (3), (5), (7), (9) D. (1), (3), (5), (6), (8)
Gi : t chy mt cht m c c nCO2 = nH 2O Cc cht c dng CT l: C n H 2 n Ox ....
Cu 32: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m kg Al catot v
67,2 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo dung
dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 54,0 B. 75,6 C. 67,5 D. 108,0
Gi :
pnc
2 Al2O3 4 Al + 3O2 O2 + 2C
2CO O2 + C
CO2
Ta c M X = 32
Gi s rng trong X c cha a mol CO2, b mol CO v c mol O2
44a + 28b + 32c
=> ta c: a + b + c = 3 mol v = 32 Mt khc ta c nCaCO3 = 0, 02mol nCO2 / 2,24 l = 0, 02mol
3
=> a = 0,6 mol => a = 0,6 ; b = 1,8 v c = 0,6 vy m = (0,6 + 0,9 + 0,6).(4/3). 27 = 75,6 gam
Cu 33: Khi nhit phn hon ton 100 gam mi cht sau : KClO3 (xc tc MnO2), KMnO4, KNO3 v AgNO3.
Cht to ra lng O2 ln nht l
A. KNO3 B. AgNO3 C. KMnO4 D. KClO3
Gi :
2 KClO3
MnO2
2 KCl + 3O2 2 KNO3
2 KNO2 + O2
Phng trnh nhit phn:
2 KMnO4
K 2 MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 2 AgNO3
2 Ag + 2 NO2 + O2
Da theo phng trnh v t l s phn t kh O2 to ra, ta nhn thy rng KClO3 l cht c kh nng to ra lng
kh O2 nhiu nht
Cu 34: Hn hp X gm hai este no, n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton mt lng X cn dng va
3,976 lt kh O2 ( ktc), thu c 6,38 gam CO2. Mt khc, X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt
mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip. Cng thc phn t ca hai este trong X l
A. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2 B. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2
C. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2 D. C2H4O2 v C5H10O2
Gi : Theo bi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip vy
hai este ny no, n chc, mch h v k tip nhau trong dy ng ng => CT: Cn H 2 n O2
3n 2
Cn H 2 n O2 + O2 nCO2 + nH 2O 3n 2
2 a. = 0,1775 a = 0, 04mol
Theo bi ta c: 2

3n 2 a n = 0,145 n = 3, 6
a mol a. an
2
Vy cng thc cu to ca hai este l: C3H6O2 v C4H8O2 => p n C
Cu 35: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng bc. Bit
phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y tng ng l
A. HO-CH2-CH2-CHO v HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO B. HO-CH(CH3)-CHO v HOOC-CH2-CHO
C. HO-CH2-CHO v HO-CH2-CH2-CHO D. HCOOCH3 v HCOOCH2-CH3
Gi :
Ta ch vo d kin bi ton v cc p n a ra => Loi p n D do khng cha cht tc dng vi Na.
V loi p n B do hai cht cho khc dy ng ng.
Vy cn li hai p n A v C, cc cht trong hai p n A v C u c cng dng cng thc: CnH2nO2
32 53, 33
Theo bi ra ta c: %OX = = n = 2 => p n C
14n + 32 100
Cu 36: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH un nng v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.
Th tch ca 3,7 gam hi cht X bng th tch ca 1,6 gam kh O2 (cng iu kin v nhit v p sut). Khi
t chy hon ton 1 gam X th th tch kh CO2 thu c vt qu 0,7 lt ( ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH3COOCH3 B. O=CH-CH2-CH2OH C. HOOC-CHO D. HCOOC2H5
Gi :
Ta d dng xc nh MX = 74 => S nguyn t C 2,3125 => Loi p n C
Theo bi X tc dng c vi NaOH => Loi p n B
Mt khc X tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 => p n D
Cu 37: Thc hin cc th nghim sau :
(I) Cho dung dch NaCl vo dung dch KOH.
(II) Cho dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2
(III) in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn
(IV) Cho Cu(OH)2 vo dung dch NaNO3
(V) Sc kh NH3 vo dung dch Na2CO3.
(VI) Cho dung dch Na2SO4 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2.
Cc th nghim u iu ch c NaOH l:
A. II, V v VI B. II, III v VI C. I, II v III D. I, IV v V
Cu 38: Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c 500 ml dung
dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Ca B. Ba C. K D. Na
Gi : 2M + 2nH2O 2M(OH)n + H2
0,02/n 0,02/n 0,01
M2On + nH2O 2M(OH)n
0,01 0,01/n 0,02 0,02/n
S mol H2 = 0,224/22,4 = 0,01mol
S mol M(OH)n = 0,5.0,04 = 0,02mol
M.0,02/n + (0,01 0,01/n)(2M + 16n) = 2,9 => 0,02M + 0,16n = 3,06. Suy ra: n = 2, M = 137
Cu 39: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na hoc vi NaHCO3 th
u sinh ra a mol kh. Cht X l
A. etylen glicol B. axit aipic
C. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic D. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic
Gi :
Theo bi n phn ng c vi Na, vi c NaHCO3 v nX = nkh => phn t cha 2 nguyn t H linh ng
trong c 1 nguyn t H mang tnh axit => p n C (HO-CH2-CH2-COOH)
Do etylen glicol v ancol o-hiroxibenzylic khng tc dng c vi NaHCO3 cn axit aipic th cha ti tn 2
nguyn t H mang tnh axit.
Cu 40: Pht biu no sau y l ng?

A. Nc thuc loi tinh th phn t.
B. th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th phn t
C. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t
D. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th phn t.
Gi : y l mt cu kh n gin nhng a s cc em hc sinh s lng tng khi gp cu ny v n thuc vo
phn m cc em hu nh khng quan tm nhiu trong ha hc lp 10
+ NaCl thuc loi tinh th ion
+ P trng thuc loi tinh th phn t
+ Kim cng thuc loi tinh th nguyn t
II. Phn RING [10 cu]
Th sinh ch c chn lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B)
A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: Pht biu no sau y l ng ?
A. Glucoz b kh bi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 B. Xenluloz c cu trc mch phn nhnh
C. Amilopectin c cu trc mch phn nhnh D. Saccaroz lm mt mu nc brom
Gi :
- A sai v y glucozo kh c Ag+ thnh Ag (Ag+ l cht oxi ha hay cht b kh)
- B sai v Xenlulozo l cht c cu trc mch thng, c to ra bi cc mt xch glucozo vi lin kt
1, 4 glicozit
- D sai v saccarozo khng cn c nhm -OH semiaxetal => khng c tnh kh
- C ng v amilopectin c cu to mch phn nhnh cn amilozo li c cu to mch thng.
Cu 42: Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v AgNO3
0,2M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch lm kh cn c 101,72 gam (gi thit cc kim loi to
thnh u bm ht vo thanh st). Khi lng st phn ng l
A. 2,16 gam B. 0,84 gam C. 1,72 gam D. 1,40 gam
Fe2+ Cu 2+ Fe3+ Ag +
Gi : Ta c v tr cc cp in oxi ha kh trong dy in ha:
Fe Cu Fe2+ Ag
Ta c: nCu ( NO3 )2 = 0, 02mol v n AgNO3 = 0, 02mol
Ag +
Fe + 2 Fe 2+ + 2
Ag Fe + Cu

2+
Fe 2+ + Cu

0,01 0,02 0,02 x x x
Theo bi ra ta c: 100 (0,01+x).56 + 0,02.108 + 64x = 101,72 => x = 0,015mol

Vy khi lng st tham gia phn n l: (0,01 + 0,015).56 = 1,4 gam => p n D
Nhn xt: y l mt dng ton quen thuc v phn ng gia kim loi v dung dch mui.
Cu 43: Hir ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy
ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cng m gam X th cn
va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,5 B. 17,8 C. 8,8 D. 24,8
Gi :
Gi cng thc TB ca hai andehit no, n chc mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng l: Cn H 2 nO
3n 1
C n H 2nO + H 2
C n H 2 n+ 2O C n H 2nO + O2
nC O 2 + nH 2 O
2
3n 1
Ta c: mH 2 = 1 gam => nH 2 = 0,5 mol => 0, 5. = 0,8 => n = 1, 4 => m = 0,5.(14.1, 4 + 16) = 17,8 gam
2

Nhn xt: y l bi tp rt n gin, quen thuc i vi phng php t cng thc trung bnh cho hai cht k
tip nhau trong cng mt dy ng ng.
Cu 44: Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M, thu c dung dch X. C cn
dung dch X, thu c hn hp gm cc cht l
A. K3PO4 v KOH B. KH2PO4 v K3PO4
C. KH2PO4 v H3PO4 D. KH2PO4 v K2HPO4
n
Gi : Ta c nKOH = 0,15mol v n H3 PO4 = 0,1mol KOH = 1,5
n H3 PO4
Ta c:
Vy dung dch X thu c sau phn ng s cha KH2PO4 v K2HPO4 => p n D

Cu 45: ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon?
A. Cha su rng B. Ty trng tinh bt, du n
C. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim D. St trng nc sinh hot
Gi : Xem li ng dng ca ozon trong bi oxi ozon
Cu 46: Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c cht hu c Y
(cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi
ca X l
A. but-1-en B. but-2-en C. propilen D. xiclopropan
Gi : Theo bi th X s cha 1 lin kt i (cng vi HBr => 2 sn phm)
CnH2n + Br2 => CnH2nBr2 Ta c %mBr = 74,08% => n = 4 v da vo X cng vi HBr => 2 sn phm
=> p n A
Nhn xt: Vi bi ton ny ch cn da vo d kin: Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c
khc nhau, chng ta cng s d dng loi c hai p n B v C.
Khi nu theo phng php ngu nhin th chng ta s c hiu qu l 50%
Cu 47: Cho s chuyn ho gia cc hp cht ca crom :
+ KOH + ( Cl2 + KOH ) + H 2 SO4 + ( FeSO4 + H 2 SO4 )
Cr (OH )3 X Y Z T
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T theo th t l:
A. KCrO2; K2CrO4; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3 B. K2CrO4; KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3
C. KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; CrSO4 D. KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; Cr2(SO4)3
Gi : Da vo tnh cht ha hc ca Crom v cc hp cht ca Crom
+ KOH d
Cr(OH)3 c tnh lng tnh tng t nh Al(OH)3. CrO2 => loi p n B
+ ( Cl2 + KOH ) + ( Cl2 + KOH )
KCrO2 Y th Clo l cht c tnh oxi ha mnh => CrO2 CrO42
vy p n l A.
Cu 48: Este X (c khi lng phn t bng 103 vC) c iu ch t mt ancol n chc (c t khi hi so
vi oxi ln hn 1) v mt amino axit. Cho 25,75 gam X phn ng ht vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c
dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l
A. 29,75 B. 27,75 C. 26,25 D. 24,25
Gi :
nX = 0,25 mol < nNaOH = 0,3 mol => NaOH d sau phn ng
Theo bi: M ( H 2 N ) x R (COOR ') y = 103 = 16 x + R + 44 y + R ' y do Mancol > 32 => ROH khng th l CH3OH
Nn ta s c x = y = 1 => M H 2 NRCOOR ' = 103 = 16 + R + 44 + R '
R + R ' = 43

=> R l C2H5- c M = 29 v R l -CH2- c M = 14
H 2 NCH 2COONa + C2 H 5OH

H 2 NCH 2COOC2 H 5 + NaOH 0,25 0,25

Vy m = 26,25 gam
NaOH

0,05
Nhn xt: y l mt bi tp rt hay, i hi nhiu k nng t duy, phn tch v nhn xt

im mu cht ca bi ton l vic phn tch d kin Este X (c khi lng phn t bng 103 vC) c iu
ch t mt ancol n chc (c t khi hi so vi oxi ln hn 1) v mt amino axit. Nu nh cc em hc sinh
khng phn tch c d kin ny th bi ton gn nh b tc.
Cu 49: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2) vo mt
lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3 (d) vo dung dch X, sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 68,2 B. 28,7 C. 10,8 D. 57,4
Gi : Vi bi ton ny, cc em hc sinh thng qun khng v gi tr in cc c sp xp theo th t:
Fe2+ Cu 2+ Fe3+ Ag +
Fe Cu Fe2+ Ag
Khi s c phn ng gia: 3FeCl2 + 3AgNO3 => 2FeCl3 + Fe(NO3)3 + 3Ag
V Ag+ + Cl- => AgCl
Ta d dng tnh c s mol ca FeCl2 0,1 mol v NaCl 0,2 mol => nCl = 0, 4mol
Vy khi lng cht rn l: 0,4.(108+35,5) + 0,1.108 = 68,2 gam
Cu 50: t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO2. Cht X tc dng c vi Na, tham
gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2 theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH B. HO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CHO
C. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO D. HO-CH2-CH=CH-CHO
Gi :
Theo bi th X s c cha 4 nguyn t C => loi p n B
X tc dng vi Na => X cha nhm -OH hoc nhm -COOH
X c phn ng trng bc => c cha nhm -CHO => loi p n A
X c phn ng cng Brom => c cha lin kt i => p n cn la chn l D
B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
H SO c, t0 + HBr +Mg, ete khan
Cu 51: Cho s chuyn ho: Butan 2 ol
2 4
X (anken) Y Z
Trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca Z l
A. CH3-CH(MgBr)-CH2-CH3 B. (CH3)3C-MgBr
C. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-MgBr D. (CH3)2CH-CH2-MgBr
Gi : da theo cc quy tc: tch nc (quy tc Zaixep), quy tc cng HBr (Cng maccopnhicop)
Vy p n A l p n chnh xc.
Cu 52: Cho cc th in cc chun : EAl3+
0
= 1,66V ; EZn
0
2+ = 0,76V ; EPb
0
2+ = 0,13V ; ECu
0
2+ = +0,34V .
Al Zn Pb Cu
Trong cc pin sau y, pin no c sut in ng chun ln nht?

A. Pin Zn - Pb B. Pin Pb - Cu C. Pin Al - Zn D. Pin Zn Cu
3+ 2+ 2+ 2+
Al Zn Pb Cu
Gi : Ta c v tr th t ca cc cp:
Al Zn Pb Cu
Pin no c cp cht cng xa nhau th cng c sut in ng cng ln.
Qua v tr ta thy cp km - ng l xa nhau nht => p n l D
Chng ta cng c th tnh ton c th s liu da vo cng thc:
o
EPin = E(0+ ) E(0 ) ( kim loi yu lm cc dng)
Pin Zn - Pb Pin Pb - Cu Pin Al - Zn Pin Zn Cu
0,63V 0,47V 0,9V 1,1V
Cu 53: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Glucoz tn ti dng mch h v dng mch vng
B. Glucoz tc dng c vi nc brom
C. Khi glucoz dng vng th tt c cc nhm OH u to ete vi CH3OH
D. dng mch h, glucoz c 5 nhm OH k nhau.
Gi : Vi cu hi ny chng ta phi nm tht r c im cu to, cu trc v tnh cht ha hc ca glucozo
Ta nhn thy c mt sai: l to ete vi CH3OH.
Ch c duy nht nhm OH semiaxetal dng mch vng vi c kh nng thay th bng nhm -OCH3.
Cu 54: Cho dung dch X cha hn hp gm CH3COOH 0,1M v CH3COONa 0,1M. Bit 250C Ka ca
CH3COOH l 1,75.10-5 v b qua s phn li ca nc. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X 25o l
A. 1,00 B. 4,24 C. 2,88 D. 4,76
Gi :
CH3COOH CH 3COO + H+
x.(0,1 + x)
Ban u 0,1 0,1 0 Ka = = 1,75.105
0,1 x pH = 4,76
Phn ly x x x x
x = 1, 7497.105
Sau phn ng 0,1-x 0,1+x x
Nhn xt: y l mt cu hi kh n gin, thuc vo chng trnh ha hc lp 11.
Trong bi ton ny chng ta Ka rt l nh nn c th tnh ton gn ng v khi th chp nhn x = Ka
Cu 55: Khi ho tan hon ton 0,02 mol Au bng nc cng toan th s mol HCl phn ng v s mol NO (sn
phm kh duy nht) to thnh ln lt l
A. 0,03 v 0,01 B. 0,06 v 0,02 C. 0,03 v 0,02 D. 0,06 v 0,01
Gi :
Ta c nc cng ton l hn hp: 3 HCl : 1 HNO3
Phng trnh phn ng: Au + 3 HCl + HNO3 AuCl3 + 2 H 2O + NO
Au 3e Au +3 nNO = 0, 02mol

=> p n B
N +5 + 3e N +2 n
HCl = 0, 06 mol
Cu 56: Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH2=CH-COOH, CH3COOH v CH2=CH-CHO phn ng va vi
dung dch cha 6,4 gam brom. Mt khc, trung ho 0,04 mol X cn dng va 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,75
M . Khi lng ca CH2=CH-COOH trong X l
CH 2 = CH COOH + Br2 CH 2 Br CHBr COOH
Gi : CH 2 = CH CHO + 2 Br2 + H 2O
CH 2 Br CHBr COOH + HBr
CH 3 COOH
Gi s mol ca CH2=CH-COOH, CH3COOH v CH2=CH-CHO ln lt l x, y v z mol
x + y + z = 0,04 mol x = 0,02mol

Ta c: x + 2z = 0,04 mol y = 0,01mol
mCH2 =CH COOH = 0,02.72 = 1,44gam
x + y = 0,03 mol z = 0,01mol

Vy p n A
Nhn xt :
- y l mt cu hi rt hay, n nh gi c kh nng hiu v vn dng kin thc ca hc sinh v tnh oxi ha
ca dung dch Brom hay ni cch khc l kh nng b oxi ha ca nhm CHO trong dung dch brom
- Trong bi ton ny, nhiu em hc sinh s qun v phn ng oxi ha nhm -CHO ca Br2 trong dung dch.
+ HNO Fe + HCl
Cu 57: Ngi ta iu ch anilin bng s sau: Benzen 3 c
H 2 SO4 c
Nitrobenzen t0
Anilin
Bit hiu sut giai on to thnh nitrobenzen t 60% v hiu sut giai on to thnh anilin t 50%.
Khi lng anilin thu c khi iu ch t 156 gam benzen l
Gi : T s iu ch:
+ HNO
C6 H 6 3 c
H 2 SO4 c
C H NO Fe + HCl
C6 H 5 NH 2
6 5 2 t0
78 123 93 mC6 H5 NH 2 = 55,8 gam
156 156.123 60 156.123 93 60 50
. .
78 100 78 123 100 100
Nhn xt : y l mt cu hi n gin, ch yu cu v mt k nng tnh ton da theo hiu sut ca phn ng.
Cu 58: Phn bn no sau y lm tng chua ca t?
A. NaNO3 B. KCl C. NH4NO3 D. K2CO3
Gi :
Ta cn c vo kh nng phn li trong dung dch ca mui:
+ NaNO3 Na + + NO3 NH 4 NO3 NO3 + NH 4+ K 2CO3 2 K + + CO32
+ +
+ 2
+ KCl K + + Cl NH 4 + H 2O NH 3 + H 3O + CO3 + H 2O HCO3 + OH
Vy phn bn NH4NO3 c kh nng tng thm H+ => lm tng chua ca t => p n l C.
Nhn xt:
- y l mt bi kh n gin thuc chng trnh ha hc lp 11 phn in ly, cc em hc sinh ch cn hiu r
v qu trnh phn li ca cc cht, cc ion trong dung dch l c th lm c.
Cu 59: Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Oxi ho hon ton
0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thch hp, thu c hn hp sn phm hu c Y.
Cho Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 15,3 B. 8,5 C. 8,1 D. 13,5
Gi : ta c nAg = 0,5 mol > 0,2.2 mol => c andehit HCHO trong hn hp Y
Vy hai ru s l CH3OH v C2H5OH vi s mol ln lt l x v y mol
CH 3OH HCHO 4 Ag
CH 3CH 2OH
CH 3CHO
2 Ag
x + y = 0, 2mol x = 0, 05mol
Ta c :

m = 8,5 gam
4 x + 2 y = 0,5mol y = 0,15mol
Vy p n l B.
Nhn xt :
- y l mt kh quen thuc v bi ton andehit.
- Trong bi ton ny im mu cht l bit nhn xt v mi quan h gia s mol ca Ag vi s mol ca Andehit.
Cu 60: Ho tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c 1,344
lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Sc t t kh NH3 (d) vo dung dch Y, sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Phn trm v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp X v gi tr
ca m ln lt l
A. 21,95% v 0,78 B. 78,05% v 0,78 C. 78,05% v 2,25 D. 21,95% v 2,25
Gi : nNO2 = 0, 06 mol
S ha bi ton:
Cu 2+
Cu 2e
3+
N +5 + 1e
N +4
Al 3e
Al
Gi s mol ca Cu v Al ln lt l x v y mol => 64x + 27y = 1,23 gam
Theo nh lut bo ton electron ta c : 2x + 3y = 0,06
64 x + 27 y = 1, 23 x = 0, 015mol
Kt hp ta c:

%mCu = 78, 05%
2 x + 3 y = 0, 06 y = 0, 01mol
Theo s trn ta c khi lng Al(OH)3 l: 0,01.78 = 0,78 gam.
Vy p n l B.
Nhn xt:
- y l mt dng ton rt quen thuc thng gp trong cc thi tuyn sinh.
- Cc p n nhiu a ra kh hp l. i vi nhng hc sinh qun mt v vic to phc ca ng trong dung
dch NH3 th s chn kt qu C.
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(HoaHocTHPT) LoiGiaiChiTietDeThiDaiHoc 2009 KhoiB

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LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12 18A/88-INH VN T-TP.

y l gi gii thi i hc, cao ng - khi B - nm 2009. Gi li gii ny ti a nn ch vi mc

Cho bit khi lng nguyn t (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t :

I. Phn chung cho tt c th sinh (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)

Theo bi, sau phn ng thu c hn hp 2 kim loi

(ti sao th bn t tm hiu nu cha bit)

tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh)

HOOC COOH ( axit terephtalic)

nHOOC C6H4 COOH + nHO (CH2)2 OH ( CO C6H4 COO (CH2)2 O )n + nH2O

p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t v bo ton electron ta s c:

tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh)

Khng c halogen tho mn

Khi lng cht rn Y ;: 0,02.108 + 0,03.64 = 4,08 gam

tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh)

tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh)

tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh)

Theo bi ra ta c: 100 (0,01+x).56 + 0,02.108 + 64x = 101,72 => x = 0,015mol

tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh)

Vy dung dch X thu c sau phn ng s cha KH2PO4 v K2HPO4 => p n D

tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh)

Nhn xt: y l mt bi tp rt hay, i hi nhiu k nng t duy, phn tch v nhn xt

Trong cc pin sau y, pin no c sut in ng chun ln nht?

tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh)

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