Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.

com
098 341 9987

HNG DN GII CHI TIT MN HA KHI B NM 2009

( M 475 )
- C nhiu cch gii, cch gii ca ti ch mang tnh tham kho cho mi ngui.
- Trong qu trnh tnh ton v nh my c th c nhng sai st. Mong mi ngi b qua.
- V thi TN, nn ti ch gii mang tnh cht vn tt v gi .

Cu 1: Cho hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C2H2. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch brom
(d) th khi lng brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X tc
dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH4 c
trong X l
A. 20%. B. 50%. C. 25%. D. 40%.
Gii:
CH4: x mol
C2H4: y mol
C2H2: z mol
mhh = 16x + 28y + 26z = 8,6 g (1)
- Tc dng vi Br2
C2H4 + Br2
C2H2 + 2Br2
nBr2 = y + 2z = 0,3 mol (2)
- Cho 0,6 mol hn hp tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3
C2H2 + AgNO3/NH3 C2Ag2
0,15 0,15 mol
- Nu cho 8,6 g hn hp ( ng vi x + y + z mol ) phn ng vi AgNO3 /NH3 th nC2Ag2 = nC2H2 = z
( 0,6 mol hn hp thu 0,15 mol kt ta
x+y+z ...z )
x yz z
Ta c t l : = x+y-3z=0 (3)
0,6 0,15
Gii (1),(2),(3) x = 0,2 ; y = 0,1 ; z = 0,1
%V CH4 = 50%.
B
Cu 2: S dipeptit ti a c th to ra t hn hp alanin v glyxin l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4
Gii:
Alanin: CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH
Glyxin: H2N-CH2-COOH

1
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
ipeptit c to thnh t 2 amino axit c 4 loi
Ala-ala: H2N-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-COOH
Gly-gly: H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH2-COOH
Ala-gly (gly-ala): H2N-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH2-COOH
Hoc: HOOC-CH(CH3)-HN-OC-CH2-NH2
D
Cu 3: Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng
A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO3)3.
B. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]).
C. Thi CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
D. Cho dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch AlCl3.
Gii:
A. NaOH + Cr(NO3)3 Cr(OH)3 ( lng tnh ) +
Cr(OH)3 + NaOH NaCrO2 hoc Na[Cr(OH)4] (tan)
B. HCl + NaAlO2 + H2O Al(OH)3 +
Al(OH)3 + HCl AlCl3 +(tan)
C. 2CO2 d + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2
D. NH3 + AlCl3 + H2O Al(OH)3 + NH4Cl
Do tnh baz ca NH3 rt yu nn ko th phn ng vi Al(OH)3, ng thi cng ko th to phc c kt
ta
D
Cu 4: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(a) 4HCl + PbO2 PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.
(b) HCl + NH4HCO3 NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O.
(c) 2HCl + 2HNO3 2NO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.
(d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2.

S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l

A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Gii:
1 0
(a) H Cl Cl 2 + 2e : kh
(b) th hin tnh axit
1 0
(c) H Cl Cl 2 + 2e : kh
(d) 2H+ + 2e H2 : oxi ha
C: 2 (a) v (c)

Cu 5: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X
thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc). t chy
2
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO2. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng
ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l
A. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%. B. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%.
C. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 70,87%. D. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 54,88%.
Gii:
X: RCOOH ( CnH...) : x mol
Y: R(COOH)2 (CnH): y mol
- Tc dng vi Na
RCOOH 1/2H2
R(COOH)2 H2
nH2 = x/2 + y = 0,2 (1)
- t chy ( X, Y cng s C )
X nCO2
Y nCO2
nCO2 = (x + y)n = 0,6
Nhn p n thy, Y ch c 2 cht l:
(COOH)2 ( n = 2 ) X l CH3COOH
CH2(COOH)2 (n=3) X l C2H5COOH hoc C2H3COOH hoc C2HCOOH ( d thy loi TH ny, v nhiu
TH X nh vy s ko tnh c % khi lng )
Xt : n = 2 x + y = 0,3 (2)
Gii (1), (2) x = 0,2 ; y = 0,1 tnh ra % (COOH)2 = 42,86%
A
Cu 6: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na hoc vi
NaHCO3 th u sinh ra a mol kh. Cht X l
A. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. B. axit aipic.
C. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic. D. etylen glicol.
Gii:
a mol X + Na a mol H2
X c 2 nhm chc -OH hoc COOH hoc c 2 nhm chc .
a mol X + NaHCO3 a mol CO2
X phi c 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm OH ( v 2 nhm COOH to ra 2a mol CO2 )
Loi p n : A, D ( c 2 nhm OH), B ( c 2 nhm COOH)
C : HO-CH2-CH2-COOH

Cu 7: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, un nng v

khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi
tr ca m l

3
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
A. 137,1. B. 108,9. C. 97,5. D. 151,5.
Gii: ( bi ny hay )
Ch d Cu Fe3O4 phn ng ht, c th Cu phn ng 1 phn vi HNO3
Dng LBT e
Fe3O4 3Fe3+ + e
x 3x x
Cu Cu + 2e 2+
( nu Cu ko phn ng, th sau khi tnh ton y = 0, ko cn phi xt nhiu TH)
y y 2y
N + 3e NO
+5

0,45 0,15
x + 2y = 0,45 (1)
Cu cn phn ng vi Fe3+ trn, do Cu cn d Fe3+ ht 3x mol
Cu + 2Fe3+ Cu2+ + 2Fe2+
3x/2 3x 3x/2 3x
mhh kim loi = mFe3O4 + mCu phn ng + mCu cn d
= 232.x + 64.(y+3x/2) + 2,4 = 61,2
328x + 64y = 58,8 (2)
(1),(2) x=y=0,15
M mui = mCu(NO3)2 + mFe(NO3)2
= 188.(y+3x/2) + 180.3x = 151,5
C
Cu 8: Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn t
c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l:
A. Mg, K, Si, N. B. K, Mg, Si, N. C. K, Mg, N, Si. D. N, Si, Mg, K.
Gii
Bn knh nguyn t cng ln khi tnh kim loi cng ln, v tnh phi kim cng nh
Nh vy bi s i thnh xp theo chiu tnh kim loi gim dn, v phi kim tng dn
K >Mg>Si>N
B

Cu 9: Cho cc hp cht hu c:
(1) ankan; (2) ancol no, n chc, mch h;
(3) xicloankan; (4) ete no, n chc, mch h;
(5) anken; (6) ancol khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), mch h;
(7) ankin; (8) anehit no, n chc, mch h;
(9) axit no, n chc, mch h; (10) axit khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), n chc.
Dy gm cc cht khi t chy hon ton u cho s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O l:
A. (2), (3), (5), (7), (9). B. (1), (3), (5), (6), (8).

4
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
C. (3), (4), (6), (7), (10). D. (3), (5), (6), (8), (9).
Gii:
t chy hp cht thu nCO2 = nH2O cht lun c dng CnH2nOz ( c 1 hoc 1 vng no , ko quan
trng bao nhiu oxi)
(Bi ny khi thi ko cn phi vit cng thc, cc cng thc phi hnh dung ngay trong u )
(1) ankan :CnH2n+2
(2) CnH2n+1OH hay CnH2n+2O
(3) CnH2n ( 1 vng no )
(4) = (2)
(5) = (3)
(6) CnH2n-1OH hay CnH2nO
(7) CnH2n-2
(8) CnH2n+1CHO hay CmH2mO ( c 1 pi nhm CHO, gc hica no)
(9) CnH2n+1COOH hay CmH2mO2 ( c 1 pi nhm COOH, gc hica no)
(10) CnH2n-1COOH hay CmH2m-2O2
B

Cu 10: Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp
gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M, thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l
A. 12,8. B. 13,0. C. 1,0. D. 1,2.
Gii:
H2SO4 2H+
HCl H+
nH+ = 0,02
Ba(OH)22OH-
NaOHOH-
nOH-= 0,04
H+ + OH- H2O
0,02 0,02
[OH-] d = 0,02: 0,2 = 0,1 M
pOH = 1
pH = 13
B

Cu 11: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:

(I) Cho dung dch NaCl vo dung dch KOH.
(II) Cho dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
(III) in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn.

5
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
(IV) Cho Cu(OH)2 vo dung dch NaNO3.
(V) Sc kh NH3 vo dung dch Na2CO3.
(VI) Cho dung dch Na2SO4 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2.
Cc th nghim u iu ch c NaOH l:
A. I, II v III. B. II, V v VI. C. II, III v VI. D. I, IV v V
Gii: ( cu ny n gin )
p n: C

Cu 12: Cho cc hp cht sau:

(a) HOCH2-CH2OH. (b) HOCH2-CH2-CH2OH.
(c) HOCH2-CH(OH)-CH2OH. (d) CH3-CH(OH)-CH2OH.
(e) CH3-CH2OH. (f) CH3-O-CH2CH3.
Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)2 l:
A. (a), (c), (d). B. (c), (d), (f). C. (a), (b), (c). D. (c), (d), (e).
Gii:
Cc cht phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 to phc phi c nhiu nhm OH cc C lin k nhau
A
Cu 13: Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c 500 ml dung
dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Ca. B. K. C. Na. D. Ba.
Gii:
M: x mol
M2On : y mol
- Tc dng vi nc
M M(OH)n + n/2 H2
x x nx/2
M2On 2M(OH)n
y 2y
nH2 = nx/2 = 0,01 mol xn = 0,02
nM(OH)n = x + 2y = 0,02
Ch c kim loi kim v kim th phn ng vi nc n = 1, 2
n=1 (kim loi kim) x = 0,02 , y = 0 loi p n B, C
n=2 ( kim loi kim th ) x= 0,01, y = 0,005
mhh = 0,01.M + 0,005. (2M + 16.2) = 2,9
M = 137 Ba
D
Cu 14: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th phn t.

6
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
B. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th phn t.
C. Nc thuc loi tinh th phn t.
D. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t.
Gii:
A. th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th ion: cc ion Na+ v Cl- cc nt mng lin kt vi nhau
thnh 1 mng tinh th hnh lp phng cn i.
B. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t in hnh: mi 1 C lin kt vi 4 C bn cnh trn 4 nh
ca 1 t din u
C. Nc thuc loi tinh th phn t: cc phn t nc lit kt vi nhau = lin kt H cht ch trong
mng tinh th nc .
D. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th phn t: mi nt mng l 1 phn t P4 (gm 4 nguyn t P lin kt
yu vi nhau thnh 1 hnh t din )
C

Cu 15: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X, thu c 0,351 gam H2O v 0,4368 lt kh CO2 (
ktc). Bit X c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim khi un nng. Cht X l
A. C2H5CHO. B. CH2=CH-CH2-OH. C. CH3COCH3. D. O=CH-CH=O.
Gii:
X tc dng vi Cu(OH)2/NaOH loi B, C
nCO2 = nH2O =0,0195 mol
X c dng CnH2nOz ( c 1 lin kt pi ) loi D ( v c 2 pi )
A
Cu 16: Cho hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t l C3H7NO2. Khi phn ng vi dung
dch NaOH, X to ra H2NCH2COONa v cht hu c Z; cn Y to ra CH2=CHCOONa v kh T. Cc cht
Z v T ln lt l
A. CH3NH2 v NH3. B. C2H5OH v N2.
C. CH3OH v CH3NH2. D. CH3OH v NH3.
Gii:
X, Y + NaOH X, Y l axit, este hoc mui ca 1 baz yu
X + NaOH H2NCH2COONa + Z
X l H2N-CH2-COO-CH3 Z: CH3OH
Y + NaOH CH2=CHCOONa + T
Y: CH2=CH-COONH4 T: NH3
D

Cu 17: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2
0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,80. B. 0,64. C. 4,08. D. 2,16.

7
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
Gii:
nFe = 0,04
nAg+=0,02
nCu2+=0,1
Fe + 2Ag+ Fe2+ + 2Ag
0,01 0,02 0,01 0,02
Fe + Cu Fe + Cu
2+ 2+

0,03 0,03 0,03

+ 2+
Fe, Ag ht, Cu d
mY = mAg + mCu = 0,02.108 + 0,03.64 = 4,08 g
C

Cu 18: Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c dung dch
X v 3,248 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam mui
sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 48,4. B. 52,2. C. 58,0. D. 54,0.
Gii:
FexOy + H2SO4 SO2
Ch c th l FeO hoc Fe3O4

S+6 + 2e SO2
0,29 0,145
n e FexOy cho = 0,29 mol
- Nu l FeO
FeO Fe3+ + e
0,29 0,29 0,29
mFeO = 0,29.72 = 20,88 ng
mFe2(SO4)3 = 0,29/2.400 = 58g ( v 2Fe3+ Fe2(SO4)3 )
- ( Nu l Fe3O4
Fe3O4 3Fe3+ + e
0,29 0,29
mFe3O4 = 67,28 g sai )
C

Cu 19: Cho X l hp cht thm; a mol X phn ng va ht vi a lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu
cho a mol X phn ng vi Na (d) th sau phn ng thu c 22,4a lt kh H2 ( ktc). Cng thc cu to thu
gn ca X l
A. HO-CH2-C6H4-OH. B. HO-C6H4-COOCH3.
C. HO-C6H4-COOH. D. CH3-C6H3(OH)2.
8
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
Gii:
a mol X + Na thu a mol H2 X phi c 2 nhm OH hoc COOH
a mol X + a mol NaOH c 1 nhm OH gn vng benzene ( phenol ) hoc 1 nhm COOH hoc 1 nhm
este COO-
Cc p n B,C,D u + NaOH theo t l 1:2 loi
A
HO-CH2-C6H4-OH + NaOH HO-CH2-C6H5-ONa + H2O (1:1)
HO-CH2-C6H4-OH + 2Na NaO-CH2-C6H4-ONa + H2

Cu 20: Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si t tri sang phi l:

A. CH3COOH, HCOOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO. B. HCOOH, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
C. CH3COOH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3CHO. D. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH.
Gii:
- Nhng cht c lin kt H gia cc phn t th nhit si cao hn cht ko c lin kt H
- Nhng cht c nhiu lin kt H hn hay lin kt H bn hn th nhit si cao hn
- Nhng cht c cng dng lin kt H m c M ln hn th nhit si cao hn
Hidrocacbon, ete,andehit, xeton, este l nhng cht ko c lin kt H
Ancol n chc c 1 lin kt H
Axit hu c n chc c 2 lin kt H v lin kt bn hn ca ancol
D : CH3CHO, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH.

Cu 21: Khi nhit phn hon ton tng mui X, Y th u to ra s mol kh nh hn s mol mui tng
ng. t mt lng nh tinh th Y trn n kh khng mu, thy ngn la c mu vng. Hai mui X, Y
ln lt l:
A. CaCO3, NaNO3. B. KMnO4, NaNO3. C. Cu(NO3)2, NaNO3. D. NaNO3, KNO3.
Gii:
Y chy vi mu vng mui ca Na loi D
A. CaCO3 CaO + CO2 ( nCO2 = nCaCO3 ) loi
C. Cu(NO3)2 CuO + 2NO2 + 1/2O2 ( n kh > n Cu(NO3)2 ) loi

B
2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
NaNO3 NaNO2 + 1/2O2

Cu 22: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng bc.

Bit phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y
tng ng l
A. HOCH2CH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CH2CHO.
9
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
B. HOCH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CHO.
C. HCOOCH3 v HCOOCH2CH3.
D. HOCH(CH3)CHO v HOOCCH2CHO.
Gii:
X, Y + Na v AgNO3/NH3 loi C v este ko phn ng vi Na
Loi D v ko phi l 2 cht ng ng
Cc p n A, B u l tp chc ancol v andehit cng thc X dng CnH2nO2
X:
%O 32 53,33
= = n = 2 ( X c 2 C Y c 3 C )
%C , H 14n 46,67
B
Cu 23: Cho mt s tnh cht: c dng si (1); tan trong nc (2); tan trong nc Svayde (3); phn ng
vi axit nitric c (xc tc axit sunfuric c) (4); tham gia phn ng trng bc (5); b thu phn trong dung
dch axit un nng (6). Cc tnh cht ca xenluloz l:
A. (3), (4), (5) v (6). B. (1), (3), (4) v (6). C. (1), (2), (3) v (4). D. (2), (3), (4) v (5).
Gii:
(1) do c to bi cc gc glucozo lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt -1,4-glucozit nn c cu to
mch thng, dng si.
(2) Cc polisaccarit ( tinh bt, xenlulo..) u ko tan trong nc.
(3) Xenlulo khng ha tan Cu(OH)2 nhng tan c trong [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 ( nc Svayde)
(4) Phn ng vi HNO3 c to xenluloz trinitrat lm thuc sng ko khi.
(5) Khng c nhm CHO nn khng tham gia phn ng kh AgNO3/NH3 hay Cu(OH)2/NaOH
(6) Cc polisaccarit ( tinh bt, xenlulo..) u b thy phn cho monosaccarit
B

Cu 24: Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) vo dung dch X, thu c kt ta Y.
Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l
A. hn hp gm Al2O3 v Fe2O3. B. hn hp gm BaSO4 v Fe2O3.
C. hn hp gm BaSO4 v FeO. D. Fe2O3.
Gii:
Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2
Fe FeSO4
X: Al2(SO4)3, FeSO4, H2SO4 d
- X + Ba(OH)2:
Ba + SO42- BaSO4
2+

Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2

10
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
Y: BaSO4, Fe(OH)2
- Nung Y
Fe(OH)2 + O2 Fe2O3 + H2O
Z: BaSO4, Fe2O3
B

Cu 25: Hn hp X gm hai este no, n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton mt lng X cn dng va
3,976 lt kh O2 ( ktc), thu c 6,38 gam CO2. Mt khc, X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt
mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip. Cng thc phn t ca hai este trong X l
A. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2. B. C2H4O2 v C5H10O2.
C. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2. D. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2.
Gii:
CTTQ cho 2 este X: C n H 2 n O2

C n H 2 n O2 + (3 n /2 -1 ) O2 n CO2
0,1775 0,145

(3n /2 - 1 ) n
= n =3,6
0,1775 0,145
A

Cu 26: Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c 3,67 gam mui
khan. Mt khc 0,02 mol X tc dng va vi 40 gam dung dch NaOH 4%. Cng thc ca X l
A. H2NC3H5(COOH)2. B. (H2N)2C3H5COOH. C. H2NC2H3(COOH)2. D. H2NC3H6COOH.
Gii:
0,02 mol X + 0,02 mol HCl X c 1 nhm NH2 loi B
0,02 mol X + 0,04 mol NaOH X c 2 nhm COOH loi D
X: H2N-R(COOH)2
X + HCl (HOOC)2R-NH3Cl
M mui khan = 3,67/0,02 = 183,5 (g/mol)
R = 41 C3H5
A

Cu 27: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M (in
cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy. Dung dch thu c sau
in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l
A. 5,40. B. 4,05. C. 2,70. D. 1,35.
11
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
Gii:
Cng thc Faraday
S mol Cl2 thot ra khi in phn trong thi gian t (s): nCl2 = It/F.n = 5.3860/96500.2 = 0,1 mol
n: s e Cl- trao i in cc l 2
2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

CuCl2 in phn trc:

CuCl2 Cu + Cl2
0,05 0,05
nCl2 thot ra khi in phn NaCl l 0,1 0,05 = 0,05 mol
NaCl + H2O NaOH + 1/2H2 + 1/2Cl2
0,1 0,1 0,05
(NaCl d = 0,15 ko b in phn)
NaOH + Al + H2O NaAO2 + 3/2H2
nAl = 0,1 m Al = 2,7
C

Cu 28: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v H2SO4 0,25M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt kh NO (sn phm kh
duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 10,8 v 4,48. B. 10,8 v 2,24. C. 17,8 v 4,48. D. 17,8 v 2,24.
Gii: (bi ny hay v kh )
nCu2+ = 0,16
nNO3- = 0,32 ( = 2nCu(NO3)2 )
nH+ = 0,4 ( = 2nH2SO4 )
Do sau phn ng thu c hn hp kim loi l Fe, Cu Fe d, H+, Cu2+ ht
Fe + NO3- + 4H+ Fe3+ + NO +
0,1 0,1 0,4 0,1 0,1
V= 2,24 lit loi A, C
Fe d s phn ng vi Fe3+ trc khi phn ng vi Cu2+ ( v tnh oxi ha ca Fe3+ > Cu2+ )
Fe + 2Fe3+ 3Fe2+
0,05 0,1
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
0,16 0,16 0,16
Sau phn ng khi lng kim loi gim i 0,4m gam, do mFe phn ng > mCu tch ra
0,4m = mFep mCu = 56(0,1+ 0,05+0,16) 64.0,16 = 7,12g
m = 17,8
D

12
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
Cu 29: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe3O4 trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu c dung
dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Y, thu c 39 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 48,3. B. 45,6. C. 36,7. D. 57,0.
Gii:
X + NaOH H2 nn Al d, Fe3O4 ht
8Al + 3Fe3O4 4Al2O3 + 9Fe
x 3x/8 x/2
X: Al2O3, Fe, Al d ( y mol ) + NaOH
Al NaAlO2 + 3/2H2
y y 3y/2
Al2O3 2NaAlO2
x/2 x
nH2 = 3y/2 = 0,15 y = 0,1
nNaAlO2 = x + y = 0,5 x = 0,4
m = m Al + mFe3O4 = 27.0,5 + 232.3.0.4/8 = 48,3
A

Cu 30: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht. T

khi ca X so vi H2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn
hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l
A. CH3-CH=CH-CH3. B. CH2=CH2.
C. CH2=C(CH3)2. D. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3.
Gii:
Anken + HBr 1 sn phm duy nht anken c cu trc i xng loi C, D
Gi s ly 1mol X: x mol anken CnH2n v (1-x) mol H2
mX = 14nx + 2 (1-x)

M X = m X : nX = mX = 18,2 (g/mol ) ( v nX = 1 )

un nng X thu Y ko lm mt mu Br2 anken ht, H2 d

CnH2n + H2 CnH2n+2
x x x ( sau phn ng gim i x mol )
nY = (1 x) mol

M y = mY : nY = mX : nY = 18,2 : (1-x) = 26 (LBTKL, mX = mY )

x = 0,3
mX = 14n.0,3 + 2 (1-0,3) = 18,2 n = 4
13
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
A
Cu 31: Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp:
A. stiren; clobenzen; isopren; but-1-en.
B. 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten; propilen; stiren; vinyl clorua.
C. 1,2-iclopropan; vinylaxetilen; vinylbenzen; toluen.
D. buta-1,3-ien; cumen; etilen; trans-but-2-en.
Gii:
Cc cht ko tham gia trng hp c
A. clobenzen: C6H5-Cl
C. 1,2-iclopropan: Cl-CH2-CHCl-CH3 v toluene: C6H5-CH3
D. cumen: C6H5-CH(CH3)2
B
1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten : CF2=CF2 (-CF2-CF2-) (Teflon: polime cc k bn )

Cu 32: Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t c trong t
nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t ZX < ZY) vo dung dch AgNO3 (d), thu

c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban u l
A. 52,8%. B. 58,2%. C. 47,2%. D. 41,8%.
Gii: ( bi ny hay )
Trong cc nguyn t halogen , tr F cn li Cl, Br, I u to kt ta vi Ag
- Nu X, Y u to kt ta vi Ag

t CT chung : Na X : a mol

Na X + AgNO3 Ag X + ..
a a tng a ( 108-23) = 85a gam
85a = 8,61 6,03 x = 0,03

X = 177, loi v ko c halogen tha mn ( I = 127)

- X phi l F ko to kt ta, Y l Cl to kt ta AgCl
nAgCl = nNaCl = 0,06
%NaCl = 41,8 (g)
D
Cu 33: Cho cht xc tc MnO2 vo 100 ml dung dch H2O2, sau 60 giy thu c 33,6 ml kh O2 (
ktc). Tc trung bnh ca phn ng (tnh theo H2O2) trong 60 giy trn l
5 4 4 3
A. 5,0.10 mol/(l.s) B. 5,0.10 mol/(l.s) C. 2,5.10 mol/(l.s) D. 1,0.10 mol/(l.s).
Gii:
H2O2 1/2O2 + H2O
0,003 0,0015

14
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
[H2O2 phn ng] = 0,003: 0,1 = 0,03 mol/l

Vn tc phn ng v = 0,03/60 = 5,0.104 mol/(l.s)

B

Cu 34: Khi nhit phn hon ton 100 gam mi cht sau: KClO3 (xc tc MnO2), KMnO4, KNO3 v
AgNO3. Cht to ra lng O2 ln nht l
A. KMnO4. B. KNO3. C. KClO3. D. AgNO3.
Gii:
KClO3 3/2O2
0,81 1,22
KNO3 1/2O2
0,99 0,49
KMnO4 1/2O2
AgNO3 1/2O2
- Thy s h s cn bng O2 thot ra t KClO3 nhiu nht, tuy nhin cn phi xt s mol ca cc mui. Mui
no c M cng ln th s mol cng nh thu cng t O2 v ngc li.
- Do M ca KMnO4 v AgNO3 > KClO3 ch xt s mol KClO3 v KNO3
C
Cu 35: Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. Trng ngng buta-1,3-ien vi acrilonitrin c xc tc Na c cao su buna-N.
B. T visco l t tng hp.
C. Poli(etylen terephtalat) c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng cc monome tng ng.
D. Trng hp stiren thu c poli(phenol-fomanehit).
Gii:
A. Trng hp ko phi trng ngng
B. L t nhn to ( do c ch t xenlulozo l 1 polime t nhin )
C. ng
nHO-CH2-CH2-OH + n p-HOOC-C6H4-COOH (-O-CH2-CH2-OOC-C6H4-CO-)n + 2nH2O
D. Styren trng hp to thnh poli styrene, cn trng ngng phenol vi andehit fomic vi thu c
poli(phenol-fomanehit)
C

Cu 36: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH un nng v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong
NH3. Th tch ca 3,7 gam hi cht X bng th tch ca 1,6 gam kh O2 (cng iu kin v nhit v p
sut). Khi t chy hon ton 1 gam X th th tch kh CO2 thu c vt qu 0,7 lt ( ktc). Cng
thc cu to ca X l
A. HCOOC2H5. B. O=CH-CH2-CH2OH.

15
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
C. CH3COOCH3. D. HOOC-CHO.
Gii:
Do X tc dng c vi NaOH, AgNO3/NH3 loi B, C
nX = nO2 = 1,6/32 = 0,05 mol
MX=74 (g/mol)
t chy X : CxHyOz
X xCO2
1/74 x/74 mol
nCO2 = x/74 > 0,03125
x > 2,3
loi D ( v ch c 2 C )
A

Cu 37: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m kg Al
3
catot v 67,2 m ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh
X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 67,5. B. 54,0. C. 75,6. D. 108,0.
Gii:
Hn hp kh X gm: O2, CO2 v CO ( do oxi t chy cc in bng than ch )
0,1 mol X th c 0,02 mol CO2 (= nCaCO3 )
3 kmol ..0,6 kmol CO2
Gi s trong 3 kmol hn hp X c: x kmol O2 , 0,6 kmol CO2 v (2,4-x ) kmol CO

M X = [ 32.x + 0,6.44 + (2,4-x)28 ] /3 = 32

x = 0,6
C + O2 CO2
0,6 0,6
C + 1/2O2 CO
0,9 1,8
nO2 tng = 0,6 + 0,6 + 0,9 = 2,1 (kmol)

in phn: Al2O3 2Al + 3/2 O2

2,8 2,1
mAl = 75,6 kg
C
Cu 38: Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch
KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp X

16
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
trn, sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng
6,82 gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X l
A. CH3COOH v CH3COOC2H5. B. C2H5COOH v C2H5COOCH3.
C. HCOOH v HCOOC3H7. D. HCOOH v HCOOC2H5.
Gii:
nKOH = 0,04 mol
n ancol = 0,015 mol
X gm 1 este v 1 axit
n este = nancol = 0,015
n axit = 0,04 0,015 = 0,025 mol

Do u l este v axit no, n chc mch h CTTQ: C n H2 n O2

t chy: C n H2 n O2 n CO2 + n H2O

0,04 0,04n 0,04n
mCO2 + mH2O = 0,04 n .44 + 0,04 n .18 = 6,82 n = 2,75
loi B ( v c 2 cht u > 3 C )
Phng php ng cho
Este Cn 2,75 - m
n = 2,75
Axit Cm n 2,75

neste 2,75 m 0,015

= = 3n + 5m = 22 n = 4, m = 2
naxit n 2,75 0,025
A

Cu 39: C cc th nghim sau:

(I) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui.

(II) Sc kh SO2 vo nc brom.
(III) Sc kh CO2 vo nc Gia-ven.
(IV) Nhng l nhm vo dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui.
S th nghim xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 1. D. 2.
Gii:
(I) Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2
(II) SO2 + Br2 + H2O HBr + H2SO4
(III) CO2 + H2O + NaClO NaHCO3 + HClO ( ko phn ng vi NaCl )
(IV) Al b th ng
A
17
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987

Cu 40: Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau:

(1) (NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2 (2) CuSO4 + Ba(NO3)2
(3) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 (4) H2SO4 + BaSO3
(5) (NH4)2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 (6) Fe2(SO4)3 + Ba(NO3)2
Cc phn ng u c cng mt phng trnh ion rt gn l:
A. (1), (2), (3), (6). B. (1), (3), (5), (6). C. (2), (3), (4), (6). D. (3), (4), (5), (6).
Gii:

(1) SO42- + Ba2+ BaSO4

(2) = (1)
(3) = (1)
(4) H+ + SO42- + BaCO3 BaSO4 + CO2 + H2O
(5) SO42- + NH4+ + Ba2+ + OH- BaSO4 + NH3 + H2O
(6) = (1)
A

Cu 41: ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon?

A. Ty trng tinh bt, du n. B. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim.
C. St trng nc sinh hot. D. Cha su rng.
Gii:
Cc ng dng A, C, D u ng do ozon c tnh oxi ha rt mnh
B : thc t ch iu ch ozon t oxi trong PTN cng nh trong CN.

Cu 42: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2) vo
mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3 (d) vo dung dch X, sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 57,4. B. 10,8. C. 68,2. D. 28,7.
Gii: ( Cu ny hay v d b la )
nFeCl2 = x , nNaCl = 2x
m = 127x + 58,5.2x = 2,24 x = 0,1
nCl- = 0,4 mol
nFe2+ = 0,1 mol
Dung dch X + AgNO3:
Cl- + Ag+ AgCl
0,4 0,4
Fe + Ag Fe3+ + Ag
2+ +
( d b thiu phn ng ny )
0,1 0,1
18
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
m cht rn = mAgCl + mAg = 68,2 g
C

Cu 43: Pht biu no sau y l ng?

A. Saccaroz lm mt mu nc brom.
B. Glucoz b kh bi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.
C. Xenluloz c cu trc mch phn nhnh.
D. Amilopectin c cu trc mch phn nhnh.
Gii:
A. Saccarozo khng c nhm CHO v trong dung dch cng ko th t vng to nhm CHO nn
khng tc dng c vi nc brom.
B. Glucoz c nhm CHO nhng s b oxi ha bi AgNO3/NH3, ch ko phi b kh.
C. Xenlulozo c cu trc mch thng do to bi cc gc glucozo lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt -
1,4-glucozit.
D

Cu 44: Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M, thu c dung dch X. C
cn dung dch X, thu c hn hp gm cc cht l
A. K3PO4 v KOH. B. KH2PO4 v K2HPO4.
C. KH2PO4 v H3PO4. D. KH2PO4 v K3PO4.
Gii:
KOH + H3PO4 KH2PO4 (1:1)
2KOH + H3PO4 K2HPO4 (2:1)
3KOH + H3PO4 K3PO4 (3:1)
1 < nKOH : nH3PO4 = 1,5 < 2
thu c 2 mui : KH2PO4 v K2HPO4
B

Cu 45: Hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cng m gam X th
cn va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,5. B. 8,8. C. 24,8. D. 17,8.
Gii:

X: R -CHO ( hoc C n H2 n O )

R -CHO + H2 R -CH2OH
LBTKL mH2 = 1 g
nH2 = nX = 0,5 ( mol)

19
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
t chy:

C n H2 n O + (3 n -1)/2 O2

0,5 0,25 (3 n -1)

nO2 = 0,25 (3 n -1) = 0,8

n = 1,4

m X = (14 n +16).0,5 = 17,8

D

Cu 46: Este X (c khi lng phn t bng 103 vC) c iu ch t mt ancol n chc (c t khi
hi so vi oxi ln hn 1) v mt amino axit. Cho 25,75 gam X phn ng ht vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH
1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l
A. 26,25. B. 27,75. C. 24,25. D. 29,75.
Gii:
nX = 0,25 mol
nNaOH = 0,3
X phn ng ht vi NaOH X l este n chc v NaOH cn d
Ancol c M > 32 ko th l CH3OH
X c dng: H2N-R-COO-R ( ph bin l dng ny )
MX = 103 R + R = 43 nhm ra R l 14 (-CH2-)
R l 29 (-C2H5 )
X : H2N-CH2-COO-C2H5
H2N-CH2-COO-C2H5 + NaOH H2N-CH2-COONa + C2H5OH
0,25 0,25 0,25
m = m mui + mNaOH d = 29,25
A
Cu 47: Cho s chuyn ho gia cc hp cht ca crom:

Cr(OH)3 X
KOH Cl 2 KOH
Y Z
H 2 SO4 FeSO4 H 2 SO4
T
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T theo th t l:
A. KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; CrSO4. B. K2CrO4; KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3.
C. KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; Cr2(SO4)3. D. KCrO2; K2CrO4; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3.
Gii:
Cr(OH)3 + KOH KCrO2 + H2O ( hoc K[Cr(OH)4] )
KCrO2 + Cl2 + KOH K2CrO4 + KCl + H2O
K2CrO4 + H2SO4 K2Cr2O7 + K2SO4 + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O
D

20
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987

Cu 48: Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c cht hu c
Y (cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau.
Tn gi ca X l
A. but-2-en. B. xiclopropan. C. propilen. D. but-1-en.
Gii:
X + HBr thu c 2 sn phm c cu trc bt i xng loi A, B
X l anken: CnH2n + Br2 CnH2nBr2
% Br 160 74,08
= = n=4
%C , H 14n 25,92
D

Cu 49: t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO2. Cht X tc dng c vi Na,
tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2 theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH. B. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO.
C. HO-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. D. HO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CHO.
Gii:
t 1 mol X 4 mol CO2 c 4 C loi D
X + Na c nhm OH hoc COOH
X + AgNO3/NH3 -CHO
X + Br2 (1:1) c 1 ni i C=C
C

Cu 50: Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v
AgNO3 0,2M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch lm kh cn c 101,72 gam (gi thit
cc kim loi to thnh u bm ht vo thanh st). Khi lng st phn ng l
A. 1,72 gam. B. 2,16 gam. C. 0,84 gam. D. 1,40 gam.
Gii:
nCu2+ = 0,02
nAg+ = 0,02
m thanh tng = 1,72 g
Nu Ag+ phn ng ht th
Fe + 2Ag+ Fe2+ + 2Ag
0,01 0,02 0,02 tng (108.2 56).0,01 = 1,6 g < 1,72
Fe cn phn ng vi Cu thanh tng thm 1,72 -1,6 = 0,12 gam
2+

Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
x x x thanh tng (64-56)x = 0,12 g x = 0,015

21
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
nFe phn ng = 0,025
D

Cu 51: Cho dung dch X cha hn hp gm CH3COOH 0,1M v CH3COONa 0,1M. Bit 25 oC, Ka

ca CH3COOH l 1,75.10-5 v b qua s phn li ca nc. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X 25 oC l

A. 2,88. B. 4,24. C. 1,00. D. 4,76.
Gii:
y l dung dch m
CH3COONa CH3COO- + Na+
0,1 0,1
CH3COOOH CH3COO- + H+
Lc u: 0,1 0,1 0
in li: x x x
Cn bng: 0,1-x 0,1+x x

[CH 3 COO ][ H ] (0,1 x) x (0,1 x) x

Ka = = = 1,75.10-5
[CH 3 COOH ] 0,1 x 0,1
( v x << 0,1 nn 0,1-x 0,1 )
x = 1,75.10-5
pH = -lg[1,75.10-5] = 4,76 (g)
D

Cu 52: Ngi ta iu ch anilin bng s sau:

HNO c / H SO
Benzen 3
2 4 Nitrobenzen
Fe HCl
Anilin
Bit hiu sut giai on to thnh nitrobenzen t 60% v hiu sut giai on to thnh anilin t
50%. Khi lng anilin thu c khi iu ch t 156 gam benzen
A. 111,6 gam. B. 55,8 gam. C. 186,0 gam. D. 93,0 gam.
Gii:
nC6H6 = 2 mol
n anilin = 2.50%.60% = 0,6 mol
m anilin = 55,8
B

Cu 53: Ha tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c
1,344 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Sc t t kh NH3 (d) vo dung dch
Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Phn trm v khi lng ca Cu trong hn

22
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
hp X v gi tr ca m ln lt l
A. 78,05% v 2,25. B. 21,95% v 2,25. C. 78,05% v 0,78. D. 21,95% v 0,78.
Gii:
nCu = x mol
nAl = y mol
mX = 64x + 27y = 1,23 (1)
PT cho nhn e:
Cu Cu2+ + 2e
x x 2x
Al Al3+ + 3e
y y 3y

N+5 + e N+4
0,06 0,06
LBT e 2x + 3y = 0,06 (2)
Gii h (1), (2) x =0,015 , y =0,01
%Cu = 78,05%
Dung dch Y + NH3 d thu kt ta l Al(OH)3 v Cu(OH)2 tan ra do to phc [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
nAl(OH)3 = nAl = y = 0,01
m = 0,78
C
Cu 54: Khi ho tan hon ton 0,02 mol Au bng nc cng toan th s mol HCl phn ng v s mol
NO (sn phm kh duy nht) to thnh ln lt l
A. 0,03 v 0,01. B. 0,06 v 0,02. C. 0,06 v 0,01. D. 0,03 v 0,02.
Gii:
Au + HNO3 + 3HCl AuCl3 + NO + H2O
0,02 0,06 0,02
B

Cu 55: Phn bn no sau y lm tng chua ca t?

A. KCl. B. K2CO3. C. NH4NO3. D. NaNO3.
Gii:
C
V NH4Cl c tnh axit do NH4+

Cu 56: Cho s chuyn ho:

Butan-2-ol H X(anken) Y Z
o
2 SO4 c ,t HBr Mg ,ete khan

23
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
Trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca Z l
A. (CH3)2CH-CH2-MgBr. B. CH3-CH(MgBr)-CH2-CH3.
C. (CH3)3C-MgBr. D. CH3-CH2-CH2 -CH2-MgBr.
Gii:

CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3 H CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + H2O

o
2 SO4 c ,t

CH2-CH=CH-CH3 + HBr CH3-CHBr-CH2-CH3

CH3-CHBr-CH2-CH3 + Mg ete
khan
CH3-CH(MgBr)-CH2-CH3
B

Cu 57: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?

A. Glucoz tn ti dng mch h v dng mch vng.
B. dng mch h, glucoz c 5 nhm OH k nhau.
C. Khi glucoz dng vng th tt c cc nhm OH u to ete vi CH3OH.
D. Glucoz tc dng c vi nc brom.
Gii:
C
V ch c OH gn vi C1 trong phn t glucozo dng vng mi phn ng c v n linh ng hn.

Cu 58: Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Oxi ho hon
ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thch hp, thu c hn hp sn phm
hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 13,5. B. 8,1. C. 8,5. D. 15,3.
Gii:
TH1: 2 andehit u to ra 2Ag ( ko c HCHO )

X: R CH2OH + CuO R CHO

0,2 0,2

R CHO + AgNO3/NH3 2Ag

0,2 0,4 # 0,5 loi
TH2: hn hp andehit c HCHO ancol l CH3OH v ancol k tip l C2H5OH
CH3OH HCHO 4Ag
x x 4x
C2H5OH CH3CHO 2Ag
y y 2y
Gii h:
x+ y = 0,2

24
Compiled by nnes black_leopard_9987@yahoo.com
098 341 9987
4x + 2y = 0,5
x =0,05; y = 0,15
m = 0,05.32 + 0,15.46 = 8,5
C

Cu 59: Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH2=CH-COOH, CH3COOH v CH2=CH-CHO phn ng

va vi dung dch cha 6,4 gam brom. Mt khc, trung ho 0,04 mol X cn dng va 40 ml dung
dch NaOH 0,75 M. Khi lng ca CH2=CH-COOH trong X l
A. 0,72 gam. B. 1,44 gam. C. 2,88 gam. D. 0,56 gam.
Gii:
CH2=CH-COOH : x mol
CH3COOH : y mol
CH2=CH-CHO : z mol
nX = x + y + z = 0,04 (1)
- Tc dng vi dung dch Brom
CH2=CH-COOH + Br2 CH2Br-CHBr-COOH
z x
CH2=CH-CHO + 2Br2 + H2O CH2Br-CHBr-COOH + HBr
z 2z
nBr2 = x + 2z = 0,04 (2)
- Tc dng vi NaOH
C 2 axit phn ng x + y = 0,03 (3)
Gii (1), (2),(3) x = 0,02; y =0,01 ; z = 0,01
m C2H3COOH = 0,02.72 = 1,99 (g)
B
o o o o
Cu 60: Cho cc th in cc chun: E Al 3 = -1,66V ; E Zn 2 = -0,76V ; E Pb 2 = - 0,18V ; E Cu 2 =
Al Zn Pb Cu

0,34V. Trong cc pin sau y, pin no c sut in ng chun ln nht?

A. Pin Zn Cu. B. Pin Al Zn. C. Pin Zn Pb. D. Pin Pb Cu.
Gii:
o o o
A. E = E Cu 2 - E Zn 2 = 0,34 + 0,76 = 1,1 (V)
Cu Zn

B. Eo = E oZn 2 o
- E Al 3 = 0,9 V
Zn Al

C. = E oPb 2 o
- E Zn 2 = 0,58 V
Pb Zn

o o
D. = E Cu 2 - E Pb 2 = 0,52 V
Cu Pb

25