Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(2013)10:97-105
97
DOI 10.1007/s12182-013-0255-8
Abstract: The natural gas pipeline from Platform QK18-1 in the southwest of Bohai Bay to the
onshore processing facility is a subsea wet gas pipeline exposed to high pressure and low temperature
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management of the subsea pipeline.
Key words:1DWXUDOJDVK\GUDWHEORFNDJHRZDVVXUDQFHKLJKSUHVVXUHORRSZDWHUFXWRZUDWH
1 Introduction
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gas is transported in subsea pipelines at low temperature
and high pressure. The low temperature and high pressure
conditions may cause natural gas and water transported in
the pipelines to form gas hydrates. Upon formation, hydrate
accumulation and agglomeration eventually form a slug,
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more attention has been paid to developing flow assurance
VWUDWHJLHV WR SUHYHQW K\GUDWH SOXJ IRUPDWLRQ $QGHUVVRQ
and Gudmundsson, 1999; 2006; Gaillard et al, 1999;
Gudmundsson and Graff, 2003; Ning et al, 2007; Wang et
DO *UHDYHV HW DO 'RQJ HW DO %DODNLQ
et al, 2010a; 2010b; 2010c). Unfortunately, little research
is focused on the phenomena involved in a hydrate plug
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*Corresponding author. email: ydgj@cup.edu.cn
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Pet.Sci.(2013)10:97-105
98
PRO
Sample
Component
$YHUDJH
S1
S2
S3
C1
87.1
86.6
87.0
86.9
C2
6.06
5.86
6.09
6.00
C3
3.23
3.20
3.36
3.26
i-C4
0.634
0.644
0.655
0.644
n-C4
1.11
1.12
1.15
1.13
i-C5
0.33
0.277
0.343
0.317
n-C5
0.249
0.256
0.217
0.241
C6
0.264
0.37
0.315
0.316
CO2
0.716
0.653
0.735
0.705
N2
0.307
1.02
0.135
0.487
Sum
100
100
100
100
14
Calculated values
Experimental data
12
10
Pressure, MPa
0
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
20
40
60
Temperature, C
Fig. 13KDVHHQYHORSHRIWKHJDVVDPSOHWDNHQIURPWKHVXEVHDSLSHOLQH
Pet.Sci.(2013)10:97-105
100
T07
P05
Instrument codes
P: Pressure transducer
Separator
Ft02
T08
FBRM prob
(up-flow of dip
section)
P01
T01
Depressuring valve
T02
P02
NDR1
DP4
Coolant Jacket
bath
P03
P07
DP01
P04
Sight glass
Gas supply
line
T03
NDR2
T06
Mixer
Ft01
Ft03
DP02
Coolant
bath
Sight glass
T05
P06
Buffer tank
Coolant
bath
Chiller
DP03
Coolant
bath
T04
Gas supply
Compressor
3.2 Fluids
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gas pipelines in all tests. The dry gas composition is listed
LQ7DEOH7KHWRWDOYROXPHRIWKHOLTXLGPL[WXUHLQFOXGLQJ
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from the Chen-Guo model is shown in Fig. 6.
25
20
Pressure, MPa
15
10
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
Temperature, C
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natural gas under these conditions.
2) The gas-saturated water/oil mixture was circulated at a
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3) Under constant pressure and constant flow rate (850
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cooling-down period, gas was forced into the separator from
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4) In the hydrate formation process, the temperature,
SUHVVXUHRZUDWHGHQVLW\DQGFKRUGOHQJWKVZHUHPHDVXUHG
and recorded in real time. In this study, P05 and T05, shown
in Fig. 5, were chosen as the pressure and temperature points
101
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102
4.0
20
900
1000
18
870
900
16
840
800
810
700
Pressure
Temperature
Tf
Density
Flow rate
3.0
10
8
Te
780
750
720
600
500
400
690
300
660
200
630
100
600
12
Temperature, C
Pressure, MPa
14
Density, kg/m3
3.5
2.5
Tb
Tf
2
2.0
0
5500
11000
16500
22000
27500
33000
38500
44000
49500
55000
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Tf
Pressure
Density
Temperature
Flow rate
Pressure, MPa
4.0
20
900
1000
18
870
900
16
840
800
14
810
700
12
3.5
Hydrate formation equilibrium temperature at 4.1 MPa
Te
10
3.0
Tf
2.5
Tb
2.0
0
2750
5500
8250
11000
13750
16500
19250
22000
24750
780
750
720
600
500
400
690
300
660
200
630
100
600
0
27500
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2000
16
1800
12
hydrate formation equilibrium temperature at 4.1 MPa
Te
10
3.0
Pressure
Temperature
2.5
6
4
1600
1400
1200
3.5
Temperature, C
Pressure, MPa
14
1000
800
Flow rate
2.0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
600
0
20000
400
Time, s
1000
750
550
0
250
1250
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