Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ni dung
M U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Lp trnh sng to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scratch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Ni dung chnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
i tng hng n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Ti nguyn cn thit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
B cc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
S dng sch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Tc gi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Bi 0 KHI NG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Gii thiu v Scratch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Ti khon Scratch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
S ghi chp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Scratch Surprise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Studio Scratch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Nhm bnh lun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
B I 1 K H M P H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lp trnh nhy ma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hng dn tng bc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10 Th lnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Studio ca ti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sa li! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T gii thiu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B I 2 HO T H NH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kch bn hot ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To mt ban nhc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vu n g m u cam , v n g t r n m u t m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N Cn Sng ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sa li! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clip nhc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
.
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. 23
. . 26
. . 28
. . 30
. . 32
. . 34
. . 36
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. . .
. .
. . .
. . .
39
42
44
46
48
50
BI 3 K CHUYN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nhn vt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hi thoi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Phn Cnh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sa li! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To sinh vt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lu truyn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
58
60
62
64
76
77
BI 4 GAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cc Games l tng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Game n gin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
im s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M rng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tng tc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sa li! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78
79
79
80
82
84
86
BI 5 LN SU HN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Bit Mun Hc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Vng Hai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Khi nim nng cao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Phn cng & M rng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Thit k Bi tp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Sa Li! Ca ti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
BI 6 HACKATHON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To d n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ln k hoch d n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thit k Sprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Phn hi d n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tip tc d n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nhm khng tp trung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chun b gii thiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bui gii thiu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PH LC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tiu chun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T duy tnh ton. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c thm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lin kt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
109
114
116
120
122
124
126
128
130
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
M U
Trc khi tm hiu v lp trnh sng to,
sau y l tm cu hi thng gp nht
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Lp trnh sng to l g?
Scratch l g?
Ni dung chnh ca sch?
i tng hng n?
Cc ti nguyn cn thit?
B cc ni dung?
S dng sch nh th no?
V tc gi?
Lp trnh sng to l g
SCRATCH L G
C rt nhiu cng c c th s dng cho
lp trnh sng to. Trong sch ny, chng
ti s dng Scratch, l mt ngn ng lp
trnh
min
ph
c
sn
ti
http://scratch.mit.edu. Vi Scratch, ta c
th to ra nhiu d n tng tc vi mi
trng hot hnh, truyn, tr chi, nhiu
hn na v chia s d n vi nhiu ngi
khc trong cng ng. T ngy xut hin
ca Scratch nm 2007, hng trm ngn
ngi trn th gii chia s hng triu
d n khc nhau.
Nguyn tc
#1:
To ra
Nguyn tc
#2:
C nhn
Nguyn tc
#3:
Chia s
Nguyn tc
#4:
Phn nh
To ra c hi
ngi hc thit k
v to ra, khng ch
l nghe, nhn v s
dng.
To ra c hi cho
ngi s dng tip
cn cc bi tp lin
quan v c ngha
ti c nhn.
To ra c hi cho
ngi hc tng tc
vi ngi hc khc
nh l thnh gi, hun
luyn vin v ng
sng lp.
To ra c hi cho
ngi hc n li v
suy ngh v cc
nguyn tc sng to.
I TNG HC?
Khng yu cu trnh hin ti hoc
kinh nghim ca bn, Quyn sch
c dnh cho phn ng ngi hc
v cc nh gio dc. Sau y l mt
vi v d v ngi dng v cch h s
dng sch:
GING VIN I HC
Scratch c th coi nh l li dn nhp vo nhng
khi nim tnh ton v thc hnh c bn, thng
c tip sau bi cc ngn ng lp trnh vn bn
trong cc kha hc khoa hc my tnh. V d,kha
CS50 ca i hc Harvard s dng Scrach nh l
li gii thiu trc khi chuyn qua ngn ng lp
trnh C. Cc bi tp trong sch cng c dng nh
mt phn khoa hc v gio dc, ngh thut v sch
s mc i hc.
NGI HC TR TUI
PH HUYNH
Ph huynh c th s dng sch vi nhiu cch khc
nhau. T vic h tr nhng bi tp gio dc ti nh, ti
vic thnh lp cc cu lc b sng to ti trng, iu
phi cc bui workshop ti cc trung tm x hi a
phng, ph huynh c ng vin ngh v cch s
dng sch ny nhm h tr tri nghim tnh ton thng
minh ca nhng hc vin tr tui.
CC TI NGUYN CN THIT?
V vn thi gian v tnh tm hiu m rng, mt s ti nguyn cn thit ca cun sch bao gm:
+ My tnh vi loa (v nu c th, microphone v webcam): cho cc bi tp thit k da trn my tnh
+ Kt ni mng: kt ni ti Scratch trc tuyn (nu khng c kt ni,c mt phin bn Scratch offline
c h tr)
+ My chiu hoc bng tng tc vi loa: chia s qu trnh lm vic v thuyt trnh.
+ S ghi chp (s giy hoc s trn my): ghi chp, phc tho hoc suy ngh v tng v k hoch.
Bin dch: Phng TN AILab, Trng H Khoa hc T nhin, HQG-HCM
ailab@hcmus.edu.vn - www.ailab.hcmus.edu.vn
BI 3 K Cruyn
Kt ni cc cu trc c bn v game nh im
v cp ti cc khi nim ca tnh ton, chng
hn bin, ton t v iu kin. Phn tch game
yu thch ca bn, tng tng ra game mi, v
thc hnh thit k game bng cch ci t (v
m rng) cc game kinh in nh Pong.
UNIT 5 LN SU
HN
Bi 1 Khm ph
Bi 6 HACKATHON
BI 0 Khi ng
Bi 2 Hot hnh
Sch c t chc gm 7 bi t
bi gii thiu bt u ti bi lm d
n chi tit Mi bi bao gm 6 bi
tp. Tm tt v mi bi hc nh
sau:
Bi 4 - GAMES
B CC
Phi hp
cc bi tp
bn trong
Thit k cc
bi tp mi
Chn cuc
khm ph
ca chnh
bn!
Chng ti a ra sch ny di bn
quyn bi Creative Commons AttributionShareAlike, ngha l bn c th t do s
dng, thay i v chia s cng vic, cng
nh bn ra nhng cng hin ph hp
v cho ngi khc s dng bt k cng
vic khc ko theo.
V TC GI
Sch ny c pht trin bi cc thnh vin ca nhm nghin cu Scratch Ed tri trng Harvard
Graduate School of Education gm Christan Balch, Michelle Chung, v Karen Brennan. Jeff Hawson cung
cp h tr chnh sa v s nhit tnh khng mt mi.
Ni dung sch da trn phin bn trc ca sch Creative Computing Guide (cng b nm 2011) v bui
hi tho Creative Computing Online Workshop (t chc nm 2013). Nhng sch c lm nn bi s
h tr ca qu khoa hc quc gia National Science Foundation bng tr cp DRL-1019396, chng trnh
Google CS4HS, v qu Code-to-Learn Foundation.
Chng ti v cng trn trng cc nh gio dc, ngi s dng cc phin bn trc ca gio trnh ny v
tham gia vo cc bui workshop. C th, chng ti mun cm n cc nh gio dc kim tra sch bn
u tin mt cch rng ri (Russell Clough, Judy Hoffman, Kara Kestner, Alvin Kroon, Melissa Nordmann,
v Tyson Spraul) v cc nh gio dc xem qua sch hin ti (Ingrid Gustafson, Megan Haddadi, Keledy
Kenkel, Adam Scharfenberger, v LeeAnn Wells).
Chng ti cng rt trn trng cc cng tc vin. Chng ti mun cm n ti Wendy Martin, Francisco
Cervantes, v Bill Tally t trung tm Education Development Centers Center for Children & Technology, v
Mitch Resnick t phng th nghim MIT Media Lab cho nhng cng hin to ln trong vic pht trin mi
trng tnh ton v cc sch. Chng ti mun cm n ti cc thc tp vin ti trng Harvard Graduate
School of Education, nhng ngi cng hin cho s pht trin ca sch qua sut 7 nm t phin bn
u tin nm 2011, bao gm Vanity Gee, Vanessa Gennarelli, Mylo Lam, Tomoko Matsukawa, Aaron
Morris, Matthew Ong, Roshanak Razavi, Mary Jo Madda, Eric Schilling, v Elizabeth Woodbury.
Bin dch: Phng TN AILab, Trng H Khoa hc T nhin, HQG-HCM
ailab@hcmus.edu.vn - www.ailab.hcmus.edu.vn
BI 0
KHI NG
BN ANG Y
0
BAO GM
6
10
12
14
16
18
20
7
Bi 0
KHI NG
TNG LN
Khi chng ti chia s bn nhp ca sch
vi cc gio vin, phn ng ban u ca
h l, Bi 0?!? Ti sao 0?
Chng ti hi vng gi ti cc bn y l
bi chun b, h tr bn trin khai thi
quen lp trnh sng to qua vic sng to,
c nhn ha, chia s, v phn nh. Hoi
bo ca chng ti h tr cch hc ny
s l hin nhin c th thy trong sut gio
trnh.
Vn ha lp trnh sng to c mt khng
gian tri thc, bao gm tp hp cc khi
nim v nguyn tc tnh ton. N c chiu
vt l, ng vin vic tng tc vi ngi
khc qua vic xp t bn gh v my tnh.
Quan trng nht, n c chiu tc ng, trau
di cm gic t tin v can m.
Mc tiu hc tp
Hc sinh s:
+ c gii thiu ti khi nim lp trnh sng
to, da trn mi trng Scratch
+ C kh nng tng tng ra nhng kh nng
sng to tnh ton trn Scratch ca chnh h.
+ Lm quen vi nhng sch h tr vic lp trnh
sng to ca h.
+ Chun b to ra cc d n Scratch bng vic
thit lp ti khon, khm ph Scratch studio,
to ra s ghi chp v t chc nhm bnh lun.
+ Trnh chnh sa
thng tin c nhn
+ Trang d n
+ Studio
+ Nhm bnh lun
+ , vng, xanh
GHI CH
+ Lm vic vi khoa IT chc rng my tnh
ca bn c th truy cp trang web Scratch.
+ Khng th truy cp mng?Phin bn offline
ca Scratch c sn ti:
http://scratch.mit.edu/scratch2download
HNG I C TH
PHN 1
GII
THIU
SCRATCH
Xem video
tng quan v
Scratch v
tng tng
nhng g c
th lm c
vi Scratch.
TI
KHON
SCRATCH
To ti khon
Scratch
lu v chia s
tng d
n ca bn.
PHN 2
S GHI
CHP
SCRATCH
SURPRISE
SCRATCH
STUDIO
NHM
BNH
LUN
To s ghi
chp ghi
chp ghi ch
v phn nh
trong qu
trnh thit k
d n Scratch.
Bn c th
lm mo
Scratch lm
iu g
ngc nhin
khng?
Hc cch
to ra mt
studio v
thm d n
vo studio.
Tp hp nhng
nhm nh
a ra v nhn
kin v cc
tng v bn
nhp d n.
BI 0
BI TP
GII THIU
SCRATCH
THI GIAN:
5-15 pht
M T BI TP
Yu cu hc sinh ni v tri nghim c
nhn ca h vi my tnh bng cc cu hi
phn nh khung bn phi (phn phn
hi).
Gii thiu hc sinh v lp trnh sng to vi
Scratch v phm vi d n h c th thc
hin bng cch cho xem video tng quan v
Scratch v d n mu m hc sinh c th
thy lin h v cm hng. Gii thch rng
thng qua cc bi hc tip theo h s to ra
c chng trnh tng tc cho ring
mnh vi Scratch.
Bn s to ra g? Yu cu hc sinh tng
tng ra loi d n h mun to vi
Scratch.
MC TIU
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ c gii thiu ti lp trnh sng to
vi mi trng ngn ng lp trnh
Scratch bng cch xem video tng
quan v Scratch v khm ph cc d
n mu.
+ C kh nng tng tng kh nng
sng to ca h vi lp trnh sng to
da trn Scratch.
TI NGUYN
My chiu chiu video tng quan v
Scratch (ty chn)
Video tng quan v Scratch
http://vimeo.com/65583694
http://youtu.be/-SjuiawRMU4
D n mu
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/137903
PHN PHN HI
+ Nhng cch no bn tng tc vi
my tnh?
+ C bao nhiu cch nh vy l sng to
vi my tnh?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Nu bn khng c kt ni mng, ti video
tng quan Scratch t Vimeo trc gi
hc, c sn ti http://vimeo.com/65583694
+ Thay v vit cu tr li cho nhng cu hi
phn nh nhc nh,ng vin hc sinh
sng to bng cch v ra cu tr li (v
d, V ra nhng cch bn tng tc vi
my tnh)
10
BI 0
BI TP
TI KHON
SCRATCH
THI GIAN:
5-15 pht
M T BI TP
Ti khon Scratch trc tuyn yu cu mt email c
nhn.Nu hc sinh khng a ra c email c nhn
hay email hc vin, email gio vin hay ph huynh,
ngi bo tr c th cn n. Chun b trc
nhng quyn hn ti khon trc tuyn yu cu.
Gip hc sinh truy cp website ti
http://scratch.mit.edu v n vo Join Scratch bt
u to ti khon Scratch. Nu c th, hy c ti
khon Scratch hng dn hc sinh. Cho hc sinh
thi gian ng k, cp nht trang c nhn, v
khm ph cng ng Scratch.Khuyn khch sinh vin
thc hnh vic ng nhp v ng xut ti khon ca
mnh.
cc thnh vin trong lp d dng tm thy trang
c nhn ca nhau, cn nhc vic to ra mt danh
sch tn ng nhp v email.
Khm ph cng ng Scratch trc tuyn theo mt
nhm tho lun v nhng iu v hnh vi ng
tn trng. Xem li cch bo co nhng bi vit
khng thch hp trn website.
GHI CH
12
MC TIU
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ To ti khon Scratch
+ Khm ph cng ng Scratch trc
tuyn v xem qua hng dn ca
cng ng Scratch
TI NGUYN
Sch Ti khon Scratch.
Sch hng dn cng ng Scratch
http://scratch.mit.edu/community_guideli
nes
PHN PHN HI
+ Ti khon Scratch ca bn l g?
+ Gi nh mt khu ca bn l g?
GHI CH C NHN
h trong mt phong b ng kn v gi ch
an ton trong lp hc.
Bin dch: Phng TN AILab, Trng H Khoa hc T nhin, HQG-HCM
ailab@hcmus.edu.vn - www.ailab.hcmus.edu.vn
TI KHON
SCRATCH
MI
L
I
VI
SCRATCH?
BT
U
BNG VIC TO TI
KHON SCRATCH.
Bn cn phi c ti khon
to, lu v chia s cc d n.
Cc bc di y s hng
dn bn to mt ti khon
Scratch v thit lp trang c
nhn.
BT U T Y.
M trnh duyt web v i ti trang
web: http://scratch.mit.edu
trang ch, click vo Join Scratch
gc trn bn phi hoc hnh trn
mu xanh..
Hon thnh ba bc to ti khon
Scratch cho ring bn.
FINISHED?
FINISHED?
BI 0
BI TP
S GHI
CHP
MC TIU
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ Bt u thit k nht k c nhn ghi
ch qu trnh thit k v phn nh
THI GIAN:
15-30 pht
TI NGUYN
M T BI TP
Gii thiu hc sinh tng s ghi chp, cun s ghi
chp thng thng hay in t ghi li nhng
tng hay hoc nhng phn nh c nhn, tng t
nh nht k c nhn. Gii thch rng hc sinh s
c nhc nh cp nht nht k c nhn ca h
trong sut cuc khm ph lp trnh Scratch, nhng
khuyn khch h thm nht k bt k lc no trong
qu trnh thit k lu li nhng tng, cm
hng, ghi ch, phc tho, cu hi, s bc tc, thnh
qu,
Xem qua cc nht k v d mu c tng v
loi nht k c nhn(giy hay in t) ph hp nht
vi hc sinh. Cho hc sinh thi gian bt u v
chnh sa trang nht k c nhn ca h.
Yu cu hc sinh to ra bi nht k c nhn u
tin bng cch tr li cc phn nh nhc nh bn
phi.
ng vin hc sinh chia s nht k c nhn v cc
phn nh vi bn bn cnh.
GHI CH
+ Trong sut cc bi tp hng dn, iu
phi tho lun nhm trong cc mc nhc
nh.
+ Quyt nh nht k c nhn nn l ring t
hay cng khai. V d, bn c th duy tr
phn hi 1-1 vi hc sinh qua nht k
ring hoc hc sinh a ra kin ca
h trong nhng nht k cng khai. Cn
nhc im li v hi ca tng la chn.
14
PHN PHN HI
+ Bn s miu t Scratch nh th no vi
mt ngi bn?
+ Ghi ra nhng tng cho ba d n
Scratch bn ang mun thc hin.
GHI CH C NHN
UIT 0
BI 0
ACTIVITY
BI TP
SCRATCH
SURPRISE
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ i vo khm ph, tri nghim
bng tay vi Scratch
THI GIAN:
15-30 pht
M T BI TP
Gip hc sinh m trnh son tho d n bng cch
truy cp http://scratch.mit.edu, ng nhp ti
khon Scratch, v sau chn Create u trang.
Nu cn, s dng Scratch Surprise v th Scratch
c sn hng dn hc sinh trong sut qu trnh
khm ph.
Cho hc sinh 10 pht khm ph giao din
Scratch bng cch khng gii hn. Nhc nh hc
sinh Bn c 10 pht lm iu g ngc nhin
xy ra vi mo Scratch. Hoc, S dng 10 pht
khm ph giao din Scratch mt cch thoi mi.
Bn nhn ra g? ng vin hc sinh lm vic
chung v gip ln nhau.
Hi 3 hay 4 tnh nguyn vin chia s vi nhm
nhng iu h khm ph ra. Nu mun, sau khi
tnh nguyn vin chia s, t ra mt vi thch
thc cho hc sinh:
- C ai tm ra cch thm m thanh?
- C ai tm ra cch i mu nn?
- C ai tm ra cch tm s tr gip vi cc khi?
TI NGUYN
Ti liu Scratch Surprise
Th Scratch
http://scratch.mit.edu/help/cards
PHN PHN HI
+ Bn tm ra g?
+ Bn mun bit thm iu g?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Mc ch ln ca bi tp ny l
hnh thnh mt thi quen khng s
hi, khm ph v cng hp tc. Hi
vng cc hc sinh (v gio vin ca
h!) s khng bit trc mi th
v mi trng hc tr thnh khng
gian cho mi ngi cng hc.
+ Chc chn rng my tnh ca bn c
bn mi nht ca Flash chy
Scratch:
http://helpx.adobe.com/flashplayer.html
16
MC TIU
SCRATCH
SURPRISE
BN C TH LM MO
SCRATCH LM VIC G
NGC NHIN KHNG?
Trong bi tp ny, bn s to
mt d n mi vi Scratch v
khm ph th lnh mo
Scratch lm vic g ngc
nhin. Bn s lm g?
BT U TI Y
Vo website Scratch:
http://scratch.mit.edu
ng nhp vo ti khon.
Chn th Create gc tri bn trn
to d n mi.
Lc khm ph! Th chn nhng
phn khc nhau ca Scratch xem
iu g xy ra.
Th nhng th lnh khc nhau! Ko
v th cc th lnh vo vng kch
bn. Lm th nghim bng cch chn
mi th xem chng lm g hoc
th ghp cc th vi nhau.
BI 0
BI TP
SCRATCH
STUDIO
THI GIAN:
15-30 pht
M T BI TP
Cc studio trong Scratch l mt cch thu thp v
t chc d n trc tuyn. Trong bi tp ny, hy gip
hc sinh hiu cc studio l g v lm th no
thm d n vo studio. Nu cn, hy chun b sch
Scratch Studio hng dn hc sinh.
u tin, hng dn hc sinh truy cp website
Scratch v ng nhp ti khon ca h.Tip theo,
gip hc sinh tm studio Scratch Surprise hoc
studio lp hc bn to ra.Sau , hc sinh
chia s khm ph Scratch Surprise vi nhng
ngi khc bng cch thm chng trnh vo
studio.
Khuyn khch hc sinh khm ph nhng d n
khc trong studio. Mi h thm bnh lun trn trang
d n thuc b su tp m hc sinh cm thy
thch th v hng khi. t nhm trong mt cuc
tho lun v cch trn trng v quyt nh nhng
phn hi.
Yu cu hc sinh ngh v nhng khm ph sng
to bng cch tr li nhng cu hi phn nh nhc
nh trong s ghi chp hoc trong tho lun nhm.
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ C kh nng a d n vo Studio
+ C kh nng ng bnh lun cho cc
d n Scratch khc.
TI NGUYN
Scratch Studio
Scratch Surprise
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/460431
PHN PHN HI
+ Scratch studios lm g?
+ Bn thy g th v v hng khi khi xem
cc d n khc?
+ Ni dung 2 bnh lun bn chia s l g?
+ Phn hi tt l nh th no?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ To studio ca ring bn thu bi lm
ca hc sinh. Bt u mt studio Scratch
Surprise s dng ti khon Scratch ca
bn v sau gi cho h ng dn
studio vo d n. To mt studio dng
thu gom cc d n hoc phn chia bi
tp qua cc studio ring bit theo di
tin ca sinh vin.
18
MC TIU
SCRATCH
STUDIO
HC CCH THM D
N VO SCRATCH STUDIO
Studios l tp hp ca nhng
d n Scratch. Lm theo nhng
bc di y thm
chng trnh Scratch Surprise
vo stduio trn website.
BT U TI Y
Vo studio Scratch Surprise theo
ng dn sau y:
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/460431
ng nhp vo ti khon ca bn.
Chn Add projects vo cui trang
hin th cc d n ca bn, d n a
thch, v d n xem gn nht.
S dng cc mi tn tm d n
Scratch Surprise v sau chn Add +
thm d n vo studio.
BI 0
BI TP
NHM BNH
LUN
THI GIAN:
15-30 pht
M T BI TP
Gii thiu hc sinh v tng ca nhm
bnh lun, mt nhm cc ngi thit k chia
s nhng tng v qu trnh d n vi
nhng ngi khc nhm mc ch ly
kin v gi pht trin xa hn.
Nu cn, c sn sch Nhm Ph Bnh
hng dn hc sinh a ra phn hi.
Chia nhm hc sinh thnh cc nhm nh
3-4 ngi. Trong nhng nhm bnh lun,
yu cu hc sinh chia s theo lt nhng
tng, bn nhp, bn mu, v d, d n
Scratch Surprise.
Cho hc sinh thu gom phn hi bng cch
cc thnh vin tr li nhng nhc nh ,
Vng, Xanh hoc dng sch Nhm Phn
Hi. ng vin hc sinh lu li ghi ch,
phn hi v gi trong s ghi chp.
MC TIU
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ Chia thnh cc nhm bnh lun
nhn v gi phn hi v tng thit
k v qu trnh lm vic.
TI NGUYN
Ti liu Nhm bnh lun
PHN PHN HI
+ : Nhng im khng ng hoc c th
c ci thin ?
+ VNG: Nhng im bn cm thy kh
hiu v c th c lm bng cch khc ?
+ XANH: Nhng im bn thy hp l v
bn tht s thch v d n
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ S rt gi tr nu bn c mt nhm bn
nhit huyt ng vin v phn hi v
thit k ca bn. Cung cp c hi hc
sinh tip tc gp nhm bnh lun trong
sut bi 1-6.
20
PHN HI CA
BI 1:
KHM PH
BN ANG Y
0
NI DUNG
6
LP TRNH NHY MA
HNG DN TNG BC
10 TH LNH
STUDIO CA TI
SA LI!
T GII THIU
26
28
30
32
34
36
23
BI 1
KHM PH
TNG LN
Nhiu nh gio dc chng ti lm vic cng trong nhiu
nm vt ln vi hai cu hi khi bt u vi lp trnh
sng to:Cch no tt nht gip hc vin bt u? v
Nhng th ti cn bit di cng v l gio vin? Bi
vit ca Seymour Papert(mt nh ton hc, gio dc hc
ni ting c nh hng to ln ti s pht trin ca
Scratch qua ngn ng lp trnh Logo) ng vai tr cm
hng ngh v hai cu hi trn.
cu hi u tin, hai v tr c bit cn quan tm. Hoc
hc sinh phi c nhc nh lm nhng g v phi c
nhng tri nghim c xy dng sn Hoc hc sinh
phi c mt mnh t khm ph theo cch ca
h. Theo xut ca Papert, hc sinh nn hnh ng
nh nhng ngi c ng v nhng nh thm him v
cch suy ngh v hc tp ca bn thn, ng vin gio
vin tm kim s cn bng gia ging dy v hc tp.
Trong sut sch, chng ti iu chnh cc bi tp trong n
lc nhm cung cp s cn bng.
cu hi th hai, nhng nh gio dc i khi lo rng h
khng bit v Scratch gip nhng ngi khc.
Chng ti ng vin bn c ci nhn tng qut v khi
nim bit Scratch. Bn khng cn bit tt c mi th v
giao din Scratch hay cch gii quyt tt c nhng vn
hc vin gp phi. Nhng, nh Papert ni, nhng
nh gio dc c th phc v nh nhng ch dn trc gic,
hi nhng cu hi v chia nh nhng vn thnh nhng
mnh c th gii quyt.
24
+ Tri nghim +
v lp li
+
+ Kim tra v g +
li
+
+ Chui
+
+ Nhn vt
+
GHI CH
+ Chc chn rng hc sinh c ti khon Scratch
lu tr v chia s d n online.
+ Ngh v k hoch xem cng vic ca hc sinh. V
d, bn c th to ra mt studio lp hc thu
gom d n, hc sinh gi email ng dn d
n, hoc bt u blog d n.
HNG I C TH
PHN 2
PHN 1
LP
TRNH
NHY
MA
HNG
DN
TNG
BC
Bng cch no
bn biu din
mt dy cc
bc nhy s
dng nhng
hng dn n
gin bng li?
Mi lm
quen
Scratch?
To d n
Scratch ca
bn
PHN 3
10 TH
LNH
STUDIO
CA TI
SA LI
N
T GII
THIU
Bn c th
to ra g ch
vi 10 th
lnh?
Scratch c
th to ra g?
Gip !Bn c
th g li 5
chng trnh
Scratch khng?
Bn c th kt
hp m thanh v
hnh nh to
ra ngh thut ct
dn tng tc v
bn?
25
BI 1
BI TP
LP TRNH
NHY MA
THI GIAN:
45-60 pht
M T BI TP
Yu cu 8 ngi tnh nguyn 4 ngi khng bn
tm v vic tr thnh thnh vin sp v 4 ngi
khng bn tm v vic tr thnh nhn vin. To ra
4 cp sp-nhn vin. Nu mun, chun b sn sng
my chiu chiu video Lp Trnh Nhy.
Mi cp sp v nhn vin:
1. Nhn vin quay mt hng khc vi mn hnh
v sp (v nhng thnh vin cn li trong nhm)
quay mt vo mn hnh
2. Chiu video cho thnh vin sp v cc thnh
vin khc, nhng khng chiu cho thnh vin nhn
vin.
3. Yu cu thnh vin sp din t bng li vi
nhn vin v cch tin hnh chui cc chuyn
ng nhy c chiu trong video.
Dng bi tp ny bt u bi tp tho lun v
s quan trng ca chui trong vic to ra b ch th.
Bn c th hc sinh phn nh mt cch c nhn
trong nht k hng dn hoc iu phi tho lun
nhm vi cc cp sp/nhn vin v ngi quan st
chia s suy ngh.
MC TIU
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ Hc biu l mt bi tp phc tp s
dng s dng mi dy cc ch dn c
bn.
TI NGUYN
My chiu (ty chn)
Video lp trnh nhy ma
http://vimeo.com/28612347
http://vimeo.com/28612585
http://vimeo.com/28612800
http://vimeo.com/28612970
PHN PHN HI
+ C g d dng v kh khn khi tr thnh thnh vin
sp?
+ C g d dng v kh khn khi tr thnh thnh vin
nhn vin?
+ C g d dng v kh khn v vic xem xt?
+ Bi tp ny c lin h vi nhng vic bn ang lm
trong Scratch.?
GHI CH
26
GHI CH C NHN
BI 1
BI TP
HNG
DN TNG
BC
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ To ra ch mo nhy ma trong
Scratch bng cch theo hng dn
tng bc
+ Tri nghim xy dng mt chng
trnh bng cch th nghim v lp li.
THI GIAN:
45-60 pht
M T BI TP
Gip hc sinh ng nhp ti khon Scratch
v chn nt Create m trnh son tho d
n. Nu cn,chun b sch Step-by-Step v
th Scratch Cards hng dn hc sinh
trong bi tp ny.
Chc rng hc sinh m ca s mo v lm
theo hng dn khi ng cng vi hng
dn tng bc Scratch to chng trnh
mo nhy. ng vin hc sinh thm cc
khi v th nghim vi chuyn ng, nhn vt,
hnh dng, trang phc, m thanh, hoc sn
khu to d n ca chnh h.
hc sinh chia s nhng sng to Scratch
vi ngi khc! Nu cn, gip hc sinh
chia s v thm d n ca h vo studio
Step-by-Step hoc studio lp hc.
Yu cu hc sinh xem li qu trnh thit k
bng cch tr li cc cu hi nhc nh trong
s ghi chp ca h hoc tho lun nhm
TI NGUYN
Sch Bc Tng Bc
Studio Bc Tng Bc
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475476
Th Scratch Cards
http://scratch.mit.edu/help/cards
PHN PHN HI
+ C g ngc nhin v bi tp ny?
+ Bn cm thy g khi c hng dn tng
bc qua bi tp ny?
+ Bn cm thy sng to nht khi no?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Nu hc sinh khng c ti khon, gip h
to mt ci bng bi tp bi 0, nh vy
hc sinh c th to v chia s d n u
tin vi bn v gia nh.
+ Nhc nh hc sinh cch thm d n
vo studio bng bi tp Scratch Studio bi
0 v sch.
28
MC TIU
HNG DN TNG
BC
LM QUEN VI SCRATCH?
TO D N U TIN CA
BN!
bi tp ny, bn s lm
theo gii thiu Bc-TngBc trong ca s mo to
ra mo nhy ma trong Scratch.
Mt khi hon thnh, khm ph
bng cch thm cc khi mi
vo d n to ra d n ca
ring bn.
Trong
BT U TI Y
Lm theo cc hng dn BcTng-Bc trong ca s mo.
Lm th nghim d n tr thnh
d n ca ring bn.
HY TH
Th ghi m ting ca ring bn.
To ra phng nn khc nhau.
Bin d n ca bn thnh l hi
nhy ma bng cch thm nhiu
nhn vt nhy ma hn!
Th thit k trang phc mi cho
nhn vt ca bn
XONG RI ?
+ Thm d n vo studio Bc-Tng-Bc::
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475476
BI 1
BI TP
10 TH
LNH
ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION
MC TIU
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ To d n vi gii hn ch c s
dng 10 th lnh
THI GIAN:
45-60 pht
M T BI TP
TI NGUYN
Sch 10 Th lnh
Studio 10 Th lnh
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475480
PHN PHN HI
+ C g kh khn khi ch s dng 10 th
lnh?
+ C g d dng khi ch s dng 10 th
lnh?
+ iu ny lm bn suy ngh khc bit nh
th no?
NH GI VIC CA HC SINH
+ Cc d n c 10 th lnh khng?
+ Cc hc sinh phn ng vi vic gii hn
s khi nh th no? iu ny nhn nh
g vi bn v cch hc ca hc sinh?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Rt n tng v nhng th c th lm ch
vi 10 th lnh! Tn dng c hi ny
khch l nhiu tng v c v sng to
bng cch mi mt s hc sinh gii thiu
d n ca h trc lp hoc khm ph
nhng d n khc trong studio 10 Th
lnh
30
10 TH
LNH
BN C TH TO RA G
CH BNG 10 TH LNH
To mt d n ch s dng 10
th lnh. S dng mi khi
mt, hai hoc nhiu ln,
nhng chc chn rng s
dng mi khi t nht mt ln.
BT U T Y
Kim tra tng bng cch th
nghim vi cc khi
Phi hp v ni cc khi bng nhiu
cch
Lp li!
XONG RI ?
Kim tra tng bng cch s dng t hp cc
khi khc nhau. Phi hp v ni cc khi cho
ti khi tm thy nhng g th v!
C ng no cng vi bn bn cnh!
Khm ph cc d n khc xem nhng bn
khc lm g trong Scratch. y c th l cch
tuyt vi tm cm hng!
BI 1
BI TP
STUDIO
CA TI
THI GIAN:
15-30 pht
M T BI TP
Nu cn, ging v cch to mt studio hoc c
sn sch Studio Ca Ti hng dn hc sinh.
Nu cn, a ra v d cm hng v studio bng
ng dn c cung cp. Cho hc sinh 10
pht xem qua nhng d n Scratch c
trn trang ch Scratch v tm kim nhng
chng trnh th v qua trang Khm ph.
Yu cu hc sinh chn ra ba hoc nhiu hn
cc d n c th dng ly cm hng cho d
n ca h. Gip hc sinh to trang studio mi t
trang My Stuff v thm nhng d n y cm
hng vo studio.
Mi cc hc sinh chia s cch tip cn tm
nhng chng trnh y cm hng. Chng ti
gi chia s nhm: gip hc sinh chia s studio
v tho lun chin thut tm kim theo cp.
Yu cu hc sinh ngh v qu trnh khm ph
bng cch tr li phn nh nhc nh trong s
ghi chp hoc trong tho lun nhm.
MC TIU
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ Kho st kh nng sng to cng vi
Scratch bng cch khm ph hng
triu d n trn trang web Scratch.
+ Qun l b su tp ba hoc nhiu d
n hn trong mt studio Scratch
TI NGUYN
Sch Studio Ca Ti
Studio mu
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/211580
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/138296
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/138297
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/138298
PHN PHN HI
+ Chin thut tm kim nhng studio hp dn ca bn
l g?
+ Mi d n mu gip ch th no trong vic hc sau
ny?
+ Rt quan trng ni cm n ti ngun ca s hng
khi. Bn cm n nhng ngi to ra d n hng
khi nh th no?
GHI CH
+ Nu hc sinh khng c ti khon Scratch
c nhn, to mt studio lp hc m hc
sinh c th qun l.
+ C a dng cc studio hc sinh c th to
ra hc sinh c th thu thp cc d n
scratch tng t ch h mun lm
hoc thu thp chng trnh c nhng k
thut hoc ti nguyn tch hp sau ny.
32
GHI CH C NHN
STUDIO CA
TI
SCRATCH C TH TO RA
G?
Xem cc chng trnh Scratch
bng cch khm ph hng triu
d n trn trang Scratch v
bt u b su tp yu thch
ca mnh.
BT U TI Y
Duyt cc d n trn trang ch
Scratch hoc chn Explore tm
kim loi project c th bn mun.
To mt d n mi trong trang My
Stuff.
Thm ba (hoc nhiu hn) nhng d
n th v vo studio ca bn.
HY TH
XONG RI ?
BI 1
BI TP
SA
LI!
ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ Nghin cu vn v tm ra gii php
gii quyt nm thch thc g li.
+ Khm ph cc loi khi nim (bao gm
chui) qua thc hnh kim li v g
li.
+ To ra danh sch cc chin lc cho
nhng d n g li.
THI GIAN:
15-30 pht
M T D N
GHI CH
+ Bi tp ny thch hp lm vic nhm! hc
sinh lm vic trong nhm 2-4 ngi thu
thp vn v chia s chin thut gii quyt
vn .
+ Kim th v g li l nhng bi tp thng
gp ca lp trnh vin. Mi th him khi lm
vic nh k hoch, nh vy pht trin mt b
k hoch kim tra v kim th s c ch cho
nhng ngi lp trnh sng to.
34
MC TIU
TI NGUYN
Sch Bi 1 Sa Li N!
Studio Unit 1 Sa Li N
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475483
PHN PHN HI
+
+
+
+
Vn l g?
Bn tm ra vn nh th no?
Bn sa li nh th no?
Nhng bn khc c cch tip cn khc
sa li hay khng?
GHI CH C NHN
SA LI!
GIP ! BN C TH G
LI 5 CHNG TRNH
SCRATCH NY KHNG?
BT U TI Y
Truy cp studio Bi 1 Sa Li!:
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475483
Kim tra v sa li mi chng trnh
SA LI! 1.1
http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/10437040
Khi l c mu xanh c n, mo Scratch v
Gobo s bt u nhy. Nhng ch c mo Scratch
bt u nhy thi! Lm th no sa li chng
trnh?
SA LI! 1.2
http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/10437249
Trong d n ny, khi c mu xanh c n, mo Cat
s bt u pha tri sn khu, ni iu g bn tri
sn khu, trt qua bn phi sn khu, ni iu g
bn phi sn khu. Qu trnh ny lm vic khi click l c
xanh ln u tin, nhng khng lm li ln sau. Chng ta
s g li chng trnh ny th no?
SA LI! 1.3
http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/10437366
XONG RI ?
To ra danh sch li c th trong chng trnh.
Theo di cng vic bn lm! y c th l li
nhc nh nhng g bn th v hng bn
ti nhng g cn lm tip theo.
Chia s v so snh cch tip cn tm ra vn
v gii quyt vn vi mt ngi bn bn
cnh cho ti khi bn tm ra nhng g ph hp
vi bn!
BI 1
BI TP
T GII
THIU
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ Tr nn quen thuc vi nhiu cc th
lnh khc nhau hn.
+ C kh nng to ra mt d n Scratch
khng gii hn v biu din in t
ca s thch c nhn.
THI GIAN:
45-60pht
M T BI TP
Gii thiu hc sinh mt d n Scratch ng ti
thng tin v nhiu kh cnh ca bn thn thng
qua cc nhn vt c th chn. Nu cn, m
nhng d n mu trong studio T gii thiu.
Gip hc sinh ng nhp ti khon Scratch v
bt u mt d n mi. Nu cn, chun b
sn sch V Ti v th Scratch Cards cung
cp hng dn.Cho hc sinh thi gian to
ra d n th cng tng tc Scratch, ng
vin h xy dng d n bng cch th
nghim v lp li.
Cho php hc sinh chia s qu trnh lm vic
vi nhng bn khc. Chng ti khuyn ngh
chia s cp: hc sinh chia s v tho lun
d n theo cp. Nu cn, mi hc sinh thm
d n ca h vo studio T gii thiu hoc
studio lp hc.
Yu cu hc sinh n li qu trnh thit k bng
cch tr li cc cu hi gi phn nh trong
s ghi chp hoc trong tho lun nhm.
SCH
Ti liu T gii thiu
Studio T gii thiu
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475470
Th Scratch Cards
http://scratch.mit.edu/help/cards
PHN PHN HI
+ Bn t ho nht v iu g? Ti sao?
+ Bn gp khc mc phn no? Bn gii
quyt nh th no?
+ Bn mun lm g tip theo?
+ Bn khm ph ra g v nhng d n V
Ti khc?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Nhng d n mu c th ng thi to
cm hng v hong s, m khng gian
sng to v gii hn n li. Khuyn khch
sng to thoi mi, a dng rt tuyt vi!
+ Hc sinh c th c nhn ha d n hn
bng cch s dng camera hay webcam
chp hnh a vo d n.
36
MC TIU
T GII
THIU
BN C TH KT HP
HNH NH V M THANH
LM RA MT HOT
CNH TNG TC V
BN THN KHNG?
Lm th nghim vi nhn vt, trang phc,
sn khu, ngoi hnh, v m thanh to
ra mt d n Scrach c tng tc d n
gip ngi khc hiu v bn hn v
nhng tng, bi tp v nhng ngi
bn quan tm
BT U Y
TO NHN VT
Lm nhn vt tng tc.
Lp li!
HY TH
S DNG CC TH LNH
XONG RI ?
+ Thm d n vo studio
V Ti:
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/4
75470
BI 2
HOT HNH
BN ANG Y
NI DUNG
KCH BN HOT NG
TO MT BAN NHC
VUNG CAM MU, VNG
TRN MU TM
N CN SNG!
SA LI!
CLIP NHC
42
44
46
48
50
52
39
BI 2
HOT HNH
tng ln
Nhng a tr chia s hn su triu d n
trn cng ng Scratch trc tuyn hiu ng,
cu chuyn, tr chi v hn na v mt trong
nhng mc tiu ca sch l phn nh nhng
sng to a dng ny. Trong cc bi tp, chng
ti h tr c hi c nhn ha v trnh nhng
bi tp ch c mt kin ng; qua sut cc bi
tp, chng ti t hc vin vo nhng ch
khc nhau. Trong bi ny chng ta bt u khm
ph khng gian sng to ny bng cch i su
vo hot hnh, ngh thut v m nhc.
a dng sng to trong Scratch thng c
cp bi nhng ngi hc. C mt s cu hi
c t ra bi ngi hc Nu bn phi gii
thch Scratch l g ti mt ngi bn, bn s
miu t Scratch nh th no?
MC TIU HC TP
40
Hc sinh s:
+ c gii thiu v cc khi nim t duy tnh ton nh
khi nim v vng lp, s kin v song song.
+ Tr nn quen thuc vi nhng khi nim ca chui
+ Lm th nghim nhng khi mi thuc loi s kin, m
thanh, v giao din.
+ Khm ph nhiu loi chng trnh Scratch giao din
ngh thut.
+ To d n hot hnh m thanh hnh nh.
+
+
+
+
+
Vng lp
S kin
Song song
iu khin
broadcast
+ Kch bn
+ Hot hnh
+ Ch
+ i do gian
thuyt trnh
trng by
+ bitmap
+ vector
NOTES
+ Nhiu bi tp trong bi bao gm cc thnh
phn m thanh v nhc. Chng ti khuyn
khch chun b sn tai nghe cho hc sinh.
HNG I C TH
PHN 1
KCH BN
HOT
NG
TO
MT BAN
NHC
Th nghim
cc th lnh
khc nhau
iu
khin nhn
vt.
To nhm
nhc ca
bn bng
cch lm
nhc c
tng tc.
PHN 2
PHN 3
PHN 4
PHN 4 & 5
VUNG
CAM, VNG
TRN TM
N CN
SNG
SA LI!
CLIP
NHC
Bn c th
hot hnh n
khng? Th
nghim vi
nhiu trang
phc a
hnh nh vo
i sng.
GIP !
Bn c th
g li nm
chng trnh
Scratch?
Bn c th
kt hp m
nhc v hot
hnh to
ra video
nhc y
cm hng
ca bn
trong
Scratch?
Bn c th
lm d n g
c hnh
vung mu
cam v hnh
vung mu
tm?
41
BI 2
BI TP
KCH BN
HOT NG
THI GIAN:
45-60pht
M T BI TP
Nu mun, hy trang b mt my chiu c kt ni
vi my tnh m Scratch hin th nhng khi v
kch bn s c tin hnh.
Yu cu hai ngi tnh nguyn.
Nhc hai ngi tnh nguyn thc hin theo mt
chui hng dn( Bng cch lp trnh ngi tnh
nguyn qua giao din Scratch hoc qua phin bn
giy ca sch Scratch).
-Nh mt ngi lm mt vic (nh l i bng qua
cn phng).
- Nh mt ngi khi ng li.
- Nh ngi lm hai vic mt lc (nh l i bang
qua cn phng v ni)
- Thm ngi th hai, ngi th hai lm hai bi tp
mt lc(nhng c lp), nh l ni chuyn.
- Ngi th hai lm mt cng vic ph thuc, nh l
tr li cu hi ngi th nht thay v ni t nhin.
Xem li tri nghim trong mt nhm tho lun
v nhng khi nim v s kin v song song s
dng gi phn hi bn phi.
MC TIU
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ c gii thiu khi nim ca s kin (mt
th lm cho th khc xy ra) v song song
(nhng th xy ra cng lc) trong lc tin
hnh.
+ C kh nng gii thch nhng s kin l g
v chng lm vic nh th no trong
Scratch.
+ C kh nng gii thch khi nim song song
l g v cch song song lm vic trong
Scratch.
TI NGUYN
My chiu (ty chn)
M hnh cc th lnh (ty chn)
PHN PHN HI
+ Nhng cch no kch hot cc hnh ng?
+ Nhng c ch ca s kin trong Scratch l
g?
+ Nhng cch khc nhau mi th cng xy
ra mt lc trong thi gian l g?
+ Nhng c ch no cho php song song ha
trong Scratch?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Nhng bi tp ny nhn mnh khi nim
khi ng li, l th nhng ngi dng
Scratch thng vt ln khi h bt u. Nu h
mun nhng th bt u mt a im nht
nh, din mo nht nh,.. Hc sinh phi hiu
rng h ang c trch nhim lp trnh
nhng bc ci t .
+ Bi tp ny c th hu ch th hin khi
nim broadcast v thi gian nhn c khi
cp.
42
BI 2
BI TP
TO MT
BAN NHC
THI GIAN:
45-60pht
M T BI TP
Nu mun, a mt d n mu t studio To mt
ban nhc v c sch To mt ban nhc hng
dn hc sinh.
Cho hc sinh thi gian to ra nhng nhc c
tng tc bng cch ghp cp nhn vt vi m
thanh. ng vin hc sinh nhng cch khc
nhau th hin m thanh s dng nhng khi
khc nhau trong mc m thanh hoc s dng
nhng cng c sa i trong th m thanh.
Cho php hc sinh biu din ban nhc ca
h ti nhng hc sinh khc hoc cho hc sinh i
vng quanh tng tc vi nhng nhc c
ca bn cng lp. Chng ti khuyn khch hnh
thc i do gian trng by: cc hc sinh d
n ca h ch trnh chiu v i vng quanh
khm ph d n ca hc sinh khc. Nu
mun, hc sinh thm d n ca h vo studio
To mt ban nhc ban nhc hoc studio lp hc.
Yu cu hc sinh ngh v qu trnh thit k bng
cch tr li cc cu hi gi phn nh trong s
ghi chp hoc tho lun nhm.
MC TIU
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ To ra mt chng trnh phi hp nhn
vt tng tc vi m thanh th v.
+ Pht trin mt giai iu mm mi hn vi
chui, lp, s kin v song song.
+ Thc hnh th nghim v lp li trong vic
xy dng cc d n.
TI NGUYN
Sch Thnh-Lp-Ban-nhc
studio Thnh-Lp-Ban-nhc
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475523
PHN PHN HI
+ Bn lm g u tin?
+ Bn lm g tip theo?
+ Bn lm g cui cng?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ chia s trong mt nhm, hc sinh
tin hnh chi nhc c cng vi nhau
thnh lp mt ban nhc lp hc!
44
TO MT BAN
NHC
Bn c th tn dng Scratch
to ra m thanh, nhc c, ban
nhc hoc phong cch m
nhc th hin loi nhc bn yu
thch nht?
Trong bi tp ny, bn s xy
dng d n ly cm hng t
m nhc bng cch ghp cp
nhn vt vi m thanh thit
k nhng nhc c tng tc.
BT U TI Y
To nhn vt
HY TH
XONG RI ?
+ Thm d n ca bn vo studio To mt
ban nhc:
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475523
+ Thc thc bn thn lm nhiu hn!
Sng ch mt nhc c mi hoc ghi li
m thanh ca bn.
+ Gip bn bn cnh!
BI 2
BI TP
VUNG MU
CAM, VNG TRN
MU TM
THI GIAN:
30-45pht
M T BI TP
Nu mun, a ra cc d n mu t studio
Vung Cam, Vng Trn Tm v chun b sn
sch Hnh Vung Cam, Hnh Trn Tm
hng dn hc sinh.
Cho hc sinh thi gian to ra d n gm
mt hnh vung mu cam v mt hnh trn
mu tm. Mi hc sinh th nghim vi khi
Looks v trnh hi ha khm kh kh nng
ngh thut.
ng vin hc sinh chia s cng vic sng to
vi ngi khc. Chng ti khuyn khch hnh
thc i do gian trng by: cc hc sinh
d n ca h ch trnh chiu v i vng
quanh khm ph d n ca hc sinh khc.
Nu mun, hc sinh thm d n ca h vo
studio Hnh Vung Cam, Hnh Trn Tm hoc
studio lp hc.
MC TIU
Vi bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ Biu l s sng to bng cch hon
thin thch thc ngh thut
+ To ra s trn tru vi nhng khi
Looks v trnh hi ha.
TI NGUYN
Sch vung cam, vng trn tm. Studio
Hnh Vung Cam, Hnh Trn Tm
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475527
PHN PHN HI
+ Bn kt hp hnh vung cam v hnh trn tm
nh th no trong d n? Nhng tng ny
n t u?
+ Bi tp ny c g thch thc?
+ Bi tp ny c g ngc nhin?
GHI CH
+ Nu hc sinh c cu hi, nhc hc sinh
rng h c th m ca s mo bit v
mt th c th no hoc nhng phn
khc nhau trong trnh bin son Scratch.
+ Scratch h tr c ha bitmap v
ha vector. Gip hc sinh chuyn qua ch
vector hoc ch bitmap trong trnh
v thit k v thay i nhng kiu nh
v vn bn.
46
GHI CH C NHN
VUNG MU
CAM, HNH TRN
MU TM
BN C TH TO RA D
N NO VI MT
VUNG MU CAM V MT
VNG TRN MU TM ?
th thch ny, bn s to ra
mt d n m trong c 1
vung mu cam v 1 vng trn
mu tm. Bn s to ra d n
g?
BT U TI Y
V cc nhn vt ca bn bng Paint
Editor.
Thm cc th lnh trong khi Looks
v Motion vo khin nhn vt ca
bn tr nn sng ng hn.
Lp li ln na!
XONG RI ?
Th ng no vi bn ca mnh!
To danh sch cc iu bn mun th
trc khi bt u d n ca mnh trong
Scratch!
Khm ph cc d n khc xem nhng
ngi khc ang lm g vi Scratch y
s l cch tuyt vi tm cm hng!
BI 2
BI TP
N CN
SNG!
T H I
G I A N
3045 PHT
M T BI TP
Cch khc, trnh by nhng d n mu t
Studio N Cn Sng v a sch N Cn
Sng cho hc sinh.
Gii thiu khi nim hot hnh l vic pht
li mt chui cc hnh nh khc nhau, nh
flipbook hay phim claymation. Khuyn
khch hc sinh khm ph vng lp bng
vic thay i trang phc hay phng nn
to hot hnh.
Mi hc sinh chia s d n vi ngi
khc bng vic t chc mt bui trin lm
m hc sinh trnh by d n ca
mnh v sau i xem d n ca ngi
khch. Cch khc, cho hc sinh thm d
n vo Studio N Cn Sng hoc studio
ca lp.
Yu cu hc sinh xem li qu trnh thit k
qua vic tr li phn phn hi trong s ghi
chp hoc trong cuc tho lun nhm
TI NGUYN
Sch N Cn Sng!
N Cn Sng! studio
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475529
PHN PHN HI
+ S khc nhau gia nhn vt v trang phc l
g ?
+ Hot hnh l g?
+ Nu 3 v d v vng lp trong cuc sng thc
t ca bn
(v d : i ng vo mi ti).
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ S khc nhau gia nhn vt v trang
phc thng l nguyn nhn gy kh
khn cho nhng Scratchers. S n d ca
mt tc nhn mang nhiu trang phc c
th gip lm r s khc nhau.
+ Hoc sinh c th hot hnh hnh nh ca
chnh mnh bng vic chp nh bng
camera hay webcam.
48
MC TIU
N CN
SNG!
LM TH NO BN
CHP 1 BC NH V
KHIN N TR NN SNG
SNG?
Trong hot ng ny, bn s
khm ph cc cch bin cc
nhn vt, hnh nh v cc
tng sng ng nh 1 b
phim hot hnh bng cch lp
trnh 1 chui thay i cc trang
phc.
BT U TI Y
Chn mt nhn vt.
Thm 1 trang phc khc.
Thm cc th lnh khin bc nh
sng ng.
Lp li ln na!
HY TH
Th phc tho tng ha ca
bn trc flipbook chng hn.
Th nghim vi cc khi v trang
phc khc cho ti khi bn tm thy
iu g th v.
Cn cm hng? Hy tm nhng d
n trong mc Animation ca trang
Explore.
XONG RI ?
+ Thm d n ca bn vo studio N Cn Sng:
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475529
BI 2
BI TP
SA
LI!
T H I
MC TIU
Hon thnh bi tp ny hc sinh c th:
+ Nghin cu vn v tm gii php
cho 5 th thch sa li.
+ Khm ph cc khi nim (gm chui
v vng lp) thng qua vic luyn tp
kim tra v sa li.
+ Pht trin danh sch cc chin thut
sa li chng trnh.
G I A N
1530 PHT
M T BI TP
Cch khc, a hc sinh sch Bi 2 Sa
Li! Trong sut bi tp ny.
TI NGUYN
Bi 2 Sa Li!
Studio Bi 2 Sa Li!
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475539
PHN PHN HI
+
+
+
+
Vn l g?
Bn pht hin vn nh th no?
Bn gii quyt vn nh th no?
Nhng ngi khc c hng tip cn
khc hay khng?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Cho hc sinh tm v gii quyt cc vn
trong mc Sa li!.
50
SA LI!
GIP TI VI! BN C
TH SA LI 5 CHNG
TRNH
SCRATCH
NY
KHNG?
Trong bi tp ny, bn s phn
tch ci g sai v tm gii php
cho mi th thch trong 5 th
thch Sa li!.
BT U TI Y
i ti bi 2 Studio Sa li n:
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475539
Th nghim v sa li mi th thch
trong 5 th thch sa li trong
studio.
Vit ra gii php hoc sa li ca
D n ny l lp trnh v 1 khun mt ci
nhng c iu g khng ng lm! Cy vit tip tc
v t 1 con mt ti n ci khi n ng l khng lm
iu . Lm sao sa chng trnh ny?
bn.
SA LI! 2.5
http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/23267245
Trong d n ny, bi ht Happy Birthday s vang ln khi
nhn vo c hiu mu xanh. Khi bi ht kt thc, ch
dn s xut hin v s ni Hy nhn vo ti thi
nn!" Nhng c iu g khng ng! Ch dn thi nn
xut hin khi bi ht sinh nht vn vang ln thay v khi
n kt thc. Lm sao sa chng trnh ny?
XONG RI ?
Lp danh sch nhng li c th c trong
chng trnh.
Theo di cng vic! l 1 li nhc nh hu
dng v vic bn th iu g v nn lm
iu g tip theo.
Chia s v so snh hng tip cn tm
hiu v gii quyt vn vi bn v cho ti
khi bn tm ra cch gii bi tp!
BI 2
BI TP
CLIP
NHC
T H I
MC TIU
Hon thnh bi tp ny hc sinh c th:
+ To mt d n kt hp gia hot hnh
v m nhc bng vic lm vic trn d
n clip ca nhc t nh hng.
+ Lm quen vi nhn vt, trang phc v
m thanh
G I A N
4560 PHT
TI NGUYN
M T BI TP
Gii thiu cho hc sinh tng to 1 clip ca nhc
bng Scratch kt hp m thanh v hot hnh.
Cch khc, gii thiu vi d n mu trong Studio
Video Ca Nhc.
Cho hc sinh thi gian lm vic vi d n,
v a sch Clip Ca Nhc cho hc sinh. Cho
hc sinh thi gian m lm vic vi d n.
Khuyn khch hc sinh ghi nhn trn trang d
n khi s dng tng, nhc hoc on m
ca ngi khc.
Gip hc sinh a ra v tip nhn phn hi trong
qu trnh pht trin d n. Chng ti gi kim
tra vi bn b: cho hc sinh dng li v chia s
tin cng vic vi ngi khc hay vi nhm
bnh lun( xem bi 0 bi tp Nhm Ph Bnh)
tip nhn phn hi. Cch khc ,cho hc sinh
thm d n vo Studio Video Ca Nhc hay
Studio ca lp.
Yu cu hc sinh xem li qu trnh thit k qua
vic tr li phn phn hi trong s ghi chp
hoc trong cuc tho lun nhm
GHI CH
+ c nhn ha d n, gip hc sinh thm
nhng bi ht yu thch hay ghi m chnh mnh
ht hay chi nhc c thng qua vic s dng
cc tnh nng trong mc Sound
+ Cc cu hi v sa i v bn quyn c th
pht sinh trong bi tp ny. To iu kin cho
cuc tho lun nhm v vic ghi nhn s dng
Scratch FAQ v chnh sa li
http://scratch.mit.edu/help/faq/#remix
52
PHN PHN HI
+ Mt thch thc m bn vt qua? Bn
vt qua n nh th no?
+ iu g m bn vn mun tm hiu thm?
+ Lm sao bn ghi nhn tng, nhc hoc
on m m bn mn s dng trong d
n?
GHI CH C NHN
CLIP NHC
BN S KT HP HOT
HNH V M NHC TO
CLIP NHC T SCRATCH
CA CHNH BN NH TH
NO?
Trong d n ny, bn s khm
ph cc tng lin quan n
nhc kch, bi ht, v o, m
nhc, hi ha, hnh v, nhip
nh v hot hnh to 1 clip
nhc c nhn!
Ti ln m thanh t mt file
Thu m m thanh ca bn
BT U TI Y
Thm m thanh.
HY TH
Dng trang phc gip hot hnh ca bn sng ng hn!
Gip nhn vt ca bn tng tc c bng cch thm
kch bn cho php nhn vt phn ng vi nhp chut, phm
nhn v nhiu hn na.
Thm ch dn cho trang d n gii thch lm sao
ngi dng c th tng tc vi chng trnh ca bn.
HY TH CC TH LNH
FINISHED?
XONG
RI ?
FINISHED?
+ Thm d n ca bn vo studio
Video Ca Nhc :
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475517
BI 3
K CHUYN
BN ANG Y
0
NI DUNG
6
NHN VT
HI THOI
PHN CNH
SA LI!
TO SINH VT
LU TRUYN
58
60
62
64
66
68
55
BI 3 K CHUYN
TNG LN
MC TIU HC TP
Hc sinh s:
+ Lm quen v hiu hn v li ch ca vic ti
s dng v chnh sa khi thit k
+ Pht trin s thnh tho cc khi nim tnh
ton (s kin v song song) v nguyn
tc(th nghim v lp li, kim tra v sa li,
ti s dng v chnh sa li)
+ Khm ph s sng to tnh ton vi nhiu th
loi cu chuyn.
56
cp
Trnh chiu
Scratch
Mu thit k
GHI CH
+ Ti s dng v chnh sa li h tr s pht
trin kh nng c m v gy nn nhng
cu hi v quyn s hu v quyn tc gi.
Cn nhc cc chin thut khc nhau v vic
nh gi, tho lun cng vic khi cng tc
HNG I C TH
PHN 1
PHN 2
PHN 3
PHN 4
PHN 5
NHN
VT
HI THOI
PHN
CNH
SA LI!
TO
DNG
SINH VT
LU
TRUYN
To th lnh
Scratch cho
ring bn s
dng Make a
Block.
Lm cch
no iu
phi s
tng tc
gia cc
nhn vt s
dng timing
v
broadcasting
?
S khc
nhau gia
bi cnh v
nhn vt?
Gip ti vi!
Bn c th
sa li 5
chng trnh
ny?
Chng ta c
th lm g t
nhng d n
ca ngi
khc?
Chng ta c
th lm g t
nhng d n
ca ngi
khc?
57
BI 3
BI TP
NHN
VT
T H I
MC TIU
G I A N
3045 PHT
M T BI TP
Cch khc, trnh din nhng d n mu t studio
Nhn Vt v a sch Nhn Vt cho hc sinh.
TI NGUYN
Sch Nhn Vt
Studio Nhn Vt
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475545
PHN PHN HI
+ Bn s gii thch chc nng Make a Block
cho ngi khc nh th no?
+ Khi no bn s s dng Make a Block?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Nu hc sinh kh khn trong vic s dng tnh
nng Make a Block, mi h xem nhng d n
Nhn Vt studio.
+ Tm hiu thm v tnh nng Make A Block qua
video hng dn: http://bit.ly/makeablock
58
NHN
VT
BN C MUN T TO
KHI SCRATCH KHNG?
Th nghim vi tnh nng Make a
Block trong Scratch! Trong d n
ny, Bn s t to nhng khi
ring cho mnh m nh ngha 2
hnh vi cho 2 nhn vt khc nhau.
BT U TI Y
Chn t th vin, v, hay ti ln 2
nhn vt .
Nhn vo nt Make a Block trong
mc More Blocks to v t tn
cho khi ca bn.
Thm cc khi di khi Define
iu khin khi ring ca bn.
Th nghim vi vic s dng
khi iu khin hnh vi
nhn vt ca bn.
Lp li ln na!
HY TH
Cm thy kh khn? Khng sao ht! Hy xem th
video ny bt u vi tnh nng Make a Block:
http://bit.ly/makeablock
Khm ph cc d n khc trong Studio Nhn Vt
xem nhng khi mi ngi khc to ra.
i khi c nhiu hn 1 cch nh ngha cng 1 hnh
vi. Th nghim vi cc kt hp khi khc nhau xem
nhiu la chn v kt qu.
XONG RI ?
+ Thm d n ca bn vo Studio Nhn
Vt:
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475545
+ T th thch bn thn! Th nghim vi
vic thm nhn vt v hnh vi khc vo
s dng tnh nng Make a Block.
+ Gip bn ca mnh!
MC TIU
BI 3
BI TP
HI THOI
T H I
G I A N
3045 PHT
M T BI TP
Cch khc, cho hc sinh khm ph d n
Penguin Joke theo nhm v pht sch Hi
thoi cho h.
Cho hc sinh nghin cu d n Penguin
Joke quan st lm cch no hot
ha hi thoi s dng khi lnh Wait. Cho
hc sinh s dng hm chnh sa v thit
k li d n Penguin Joke iu phi
on hi thoi s dng cc khi lnh
broadcast, broadcast and wait, v when I
receive ths.
Khuyn khch hc sinh chia s d n cu
a vi ngi khc. Chng ti gi bi
tp mu: mi vi hc sinh trnh by d n
trc lp v minh ha cch s dng
broadcast. Cch khc, cho hc sinh thm
d n vo studio Hi Thoi hay studio
ring ca lp
Yu cu hc sinh xem li qu trnh thit k
qua vic tr li phn phn hi trong s ghi
chp hoc trong cuc tho lun nhm
TI NGUYN
Sch Hi Thoi
D n Penguin Joke
http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/10015800
Studio Hi Thoi
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475547
PHN PHN HI
+ Bn s gii thch th lnh broadcast cho
nhng ngi khc nh th no?
+ Khi no bn s dng thi gian trong d
n? Khi no s dng broadcast?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Nu hc sinh gp kh khn trong vic s
dng cp khi lnh broadcast v when I
receive , cho hc sinh xem nhng d n
mu trong studio V D Broadcast:
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/202853
60
HI THOI
C BAO NHIU CCH
KHC NHAU PHI HP
CC TNG TC GIA
CC NHN VT?
BT U TI Y
Xem d n Penguin Jokes:
http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/10015
800
Kim tra on m xem cc th
lnh wait v say c kt hp trong
on hi thoi nh th no.
Lm li d n bng vic s dng th
lnh broadcast v when I receive
thay v th lnh wait.
XONG RI ?
ng no tng vi bn ca mnh! To 1 danh sch
nhng gii php c th c v th nghim cng vi
nhau.
Th s dng th lnh broadcast v when I receive
trong cc phn khc nhau ca d n ca bn.
Khm ph cc d n trong studio Hi Thoi ly cm
ng cho cc cch khc nhau kt hp hi thoi gia
2 nhn vt.
BI 3
BI TP
PHN
CNH
T H I
MC TIU
Hon thnh bi tp ny hc sinh c th:
+ C th to d n bng vic thay i
nhiu phng nn, nh 1 cu chuyn
nhiu phn cnh hay trnh chiu.
+ Lm quen vi nhng khi nim tnh s
kin, tnh ton song song, v phng
php th nghim v lp li
G I A N
3045 PHT
M T BI TP
Cch khc, trnh din nhng d n mu t
studio Phn Cnh v a cho hc sinh
sch Phn Cnh
Cho hc sinh thi gian pht trin mt
d n gm nhiu phn cnh s dng cc
phng nn khc nhau, ging nh mt trnh
chiu. Th thch hc sinh khm ph v
thao tc kch bn trong khung kch bn
khi xng vic thay i phng nn.
Cho hc sinh chia s d n ca mnh vi
nhng ngi khc. Chng ti gi bi tp
mu: mi vi hc sinh trnh by d n
trc lp v minh ha cch s dng
nhiu phng nn. Cch khc, cho hc sinh
thm d n vo studio Phn Cnh hay
studio ca lp
Yu cu hc sinh xem li qu trnh thit k
qua vic tr li phn phn hi trong s ghi
chp hoc trong cuc tho lun nhm
PHN PHN HI
+ Phn cnh c im g ging vi nhn
vt?
+ Phn cnh khc vi nhn vt nh th
no?
+ Bn khi to hnh ng ca nhn vt
trong 1 phn cnh nh th no?
+ Nhng loi d n no(khc hot hnh)
s dng cnh nn thay i?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Nu hc sinh gp kh khn trong vic chuyn
i cc phng nn, khuyn khch hc sinh sa
i cc khi lnh trong mc Look, c bit l,
switch backdrop to, switch backdrop to and wait,
v next backdrop .
62
TI NGUYN
PHN
CNH
IM KHC BIT GIA
SN KHU V NHN VT
L G?
Trong bi tp ny, bn s to 1
d n th nghim vi cc phn
cnh, nh 1 cu chuyn vi
nhiu cnh hoc 1 trnh chiu.
BT U TI Y
Chn t th vin, v, hoc ng
nhiu hnh nn cho d n ca bn.
Th nghim vi cc khi lnh trong
danh mc Looks v Events khi
xng vic i hnh nn
Thm kch bn cho sn khu v nhn
vt kt hp nhng iu s xy ra
khi thay i bi cnh trong d n ca
bn!
HY TH
Tm cc th ha v khung cnh m
lin quan ti bi cnh v th chy
chng xem chng s lm g!
Cn thm cm hng? Hy khm ph
cng ng online Scratch xem
nhng d n s dng nhiu bi cnh
khc nhau
XONG RI ?
+ Thm d n ca bn vo Studio Phn Cnh:
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475550
+ T th thch bn thn! Thm nhiu bi cnh thay i
cho d n ca bn.
+ Gip bn b ca mnh!
+ Quay v 1 trong nhng d n c hay tm 1 d n bn
cm thy hng th sa i n bng cch thm hay
thay i bi cnh.
UNIT3
BI 3
ACTIVITY
BI TP
SA LI!
T H I
G I A N
1530 PHT
M T BI TP
Cch khc ,a cho hc sinh sch Bi 3 Sa Li
N trong sut bi tp ny.
GHI CH
64
MC TIU
+ C th c c on m ca ngi khc
l mt k nng qu gi v cn thit cho
vic ti s dng v chnh sa.
+ Bi tp ny l c hi tt cho vic lp trnh
theo cp. Chia hc sinh thnh tng cp
lm vic vi th thch sa li.
+ Hc sinh c th gii thch on m bng
vic nhp chut phi vo th lnh thm
bnh lun
TI NGUYN
Bi 3 Sa Li!
Studio Bi 3 Sa Li!
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475554
PHN PHN HI
+
+
+
+
Vn l g?
Bn pht hin vn nh th no?
Bn gii quyt vn nh th no?
Nhng ngi khc c hng tip cn
khc hay khng?
GHI CH C NHN
SA LI!
GIP TI VI! BN C
TH SA LI 5 CHNG
TRNH
SCRATCH
NY
KHNG?
Trong bi tp ny, bn s phn
tch ci g s sai v tm 1 gii
php cho mi th thch vi 5
th thch Sa Li!.
BT U TI Y
i ti Bi 3 Studio Sa Li! :
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475554
Th nghim v sa li mi th thch
trong 5 th thch sa li trong
studio.
XONG RI ?
Lp danh sch nhng li c th c trong
chng trnh.
Theo di cng vic! l 1 li nhc nh hu
dng v vic bn th iu g v nn lm
iu g tip theo.
Chia s v so snh hng tip cn v tm hiu
v gii quyt vn vi bn v!
BI TP
BI 3
TO DNG
SINH VT
T H I
MC TIU
Hon thnh bi tp ny, hc sinh c th:
+ c gii thiu cc nguyn tc tnh
ton ca vic ti s dng v chnh sa
li
G I A N
1530 PHT
TI NGUYN
M T BI TP
bi tp ny, hc sinh s v mt sinh vt
trong 3 phn.
Cho hc sinh mnh giy c gp lm 3 v 1
pht v phn u cho nhn vt ca h.
Sau , yu cu hc sinh gp giy li phn
u b n i, v nh du v tr v tip
phn thn Sau khi phn u b n i, hc
sinh s truyn mnh giy cho nhng hc sinh
khc . Sau , cho hc sinh 1 pht v
phn thn cho nhn vt, nhng nh l khng
c nhn phn u nh! Sau khi v xong,
tip tc truyn cho hc sinh khc. Cui cng
cho hc sinh 1 pht v phn di ca sinh
vt. Sau khi hon thnh, m phn giy
c gp l ra sinh vt c to dng.
Trnh by nhng bn v ln tng hoc bng
cho hc sinh khm ph nhng kt qu ca
s ng gp sng to
To iu kin cho mt cun tho lun nhm v
quyn tc gi, s hp tc, vic ti s dng v
chnh sa d n
PHN PHN HI
+ nh ngha ca bn v vic chnh sa li?
+ Suy ngh v sinh vt m bn d nh v
khi bt u. tng ca bn c m
rng hay nng cao bi s ng gp ca
ngi khc nh th no?
+ Xem phn nhn vt m bn m
rng(phn thn v phn di) phn
ng gp nng cao tng ca
ngi khc nh th no?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Bi tp ny l mt bi tp chun b cho d n
lu truyn. Chng ti gi to iu kin cho
bi tp To Dng Sinh Vt ngay trc khi
bc vo d n Lu Truyn.
+ Cch khc, cho hc sinh k tn ca mnh vo
cui mi bc v nhn bit ngi v.
66
BI 3
BI TP
LU
TRUYN
T H I
MC TIU
Hon thnh bi tp ny hc sinh c th:
+ C th to 1 d n k chuyn bng
Scratch bng vic ti s dng v chnh
li d n ca ngi khc
+ Tri nghim lp trnh theo cp bng
vic lm vic theo cp pht trin d
n k chuyn.
G I A N
4560 PHT
M T BI TP
Chia lp thnh cc cp. Gii thiu cho hc sinh khi
nim cu chuyn lu truyn, mt d n c to
bi 1 cp v c truyn li cho hai cp khc
m rng v ti tng tng li .
Khuyn khch hc sinh bt u theo cch m h
thch- tp trung vo nhn vt, phn cnh, ct
truyn hay bt c yu t no m h thy hng
th. Cho mi cp 10 pht lm vic trn d n cu
chuyn phi hp trc khi i li thnh chnh sa
li d n cu chuyn cu ngi khc
Sau hai lt i , cho hc sinh xem li d n cu
chuyn c s ng gp ca mnh. Chng ti gi
t chc bui trnh chiu Scratch : vi my chiu
v mn hnh, trnh by d n cu chuyn vi hc
sinh ngi xung quanh xem . Cch khc, cho
hc sinh thm d n vo Studio Lu Truyn hay
Studio ca lp
Yu cu hc sinh xem li qu trnh thit k qua
vic tr li phn phn hi trong s ghi chp hoc
trong cuc tho lun nhm
GHI CH
+ Cn nhc vic t chc s kin trnh chiu
Scratch . Mi hc sinh t nhng lp khc n
xem, cung cp thc n v ung. Hoc l t
chc s kin trong phng hi hp hay phng
vi tng ln v mn hnh trnh chiu d
n.
+ Gii thiu cho hc sinh v backpack (nm
cui trnh d n Scratch) nh l mt cch khc
chnh sa li d n. Tm hiu thm v cng
c ny qua video hng dn
68 http://bit.ly/scratchbackpack
TI NGUYN
Sch Lu Truyn
Studio Lu Truyn
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475543
My chiu v mn hnh chiu trnh
by d n ca hc sinh (ty chn)
PHN PHN HI
+ Bn cm thy nh th no khi chnh sa v
lm vic trn d n ca ngi khc? Bn
cm thy nh th no khi d n mnh b
chnh sa?
+ Bn tng tri nghim vic ti s dng v
chnh sa li trong cuc sng u? Hy
chia s hai v d.
+ Lm vic vi ngi khc th khc nh th
no vi cc tri nghim lm d n Scratch
trc y ca bn?
GHI CH C NHN
LU
TRUYN
TA C TH TO RA IU
G DA VO VIC XY
DNG TRN NN TNG
CA NGI KHC?
Trong d n ny, bn s bt
u pht trin 1 cu chuyn
hot hnh, v sau s truyn
li cu chuyn ny cho ngi
khc h sa i, m rng
hoc tng tng!
BT U TI Y
Xy dng 1 cu chuyn tp trung vo
nhn vt, phn cnh, ni dung, hoc bt
HY TH
ng no tt c cc kh nng sa li, m
rng hay tng tng li cu chuyn. Bn c
mun thm phn cnh vo kt thc? Bn c
tng tng ra iu g s xy ra trc khi cu
chuyn bt u? Nu nh c nhn vt mi th
sao? Thm nt tht vo? Cn g na?
S DNG CC TH LNH
FINISHED?
XONG RI ?
FINISHED?
+ Thm d n ca bn vo
studio Lu Truyn:
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios
/475543
+ Gip bn mnh!
+ Tr li tt c cc d n
bn ng gp v xem
th cu chuyn pht
trin nh th no!
70
BI 4
GAMES
BN ANG Y
0
NI DUNG
6
CC GAMES L TNG
GAMES N GIN
IM S
M RNG
TNG TC
SA LI!
74
76
80
82
84
86
71
BI 4 GAMES
TNG LN
C nhn ha l nguyn l hng dn quan trng trong tri nghim lp trnh sng to. C nhn
ha" bao gm c 2 ngha: kt ni vi s thch c nhn v nhn bit rng s thch c nhn c th
thay i ng k. C nhiu cch nhn bit v thc hin - v vic khm ph cc cch khc nhau
ny c th gip h tr s thch, ng lc v s kin tr trong nhng hc sinh tr. Trong bi ny,
hc sinh khm ph 1 vi khi nim nng cao v cc vn th thch gn vi thit k tr chi. Cc
khi nim nng cao hoc vn th thch c th d tip cn hn nu n gn vi cc bi tp c
ngha i vi c nhn. Dn chng v sc mnh ca bi cnh, chng ti xin gii thiu cu chuyn
c chia s bi Mitch Resnick gim c ca d n Scratch ti MIT.
MC TIU HC TP
Hc sinh s:
+ c gii thiu cc khi nim tnh ton ca iu kin,
ton t v d liu(bin v danh sch)
+ Lm quen vi cc nguyn tc tnh ton ca th nghim
v lp li, kim tra v sa li, ti s dng v chnh sa ,
tru tng ha v module ha qua vic xu dng cc
d n tr chi M Cung, Pong v Cun
+ Nhn bit v hiu c cc c ch tr chi ph bin
72
+ D liu
+ Ngy hi tr
+ Bin v danh
chi
sch
+ puzzle jar
+ Cm bin
+ brain dump
+ Phn hi
GHI CH
+ Nhiu khi nim mi c ra trong bi ny,
v vy chng ti thm s h tr di dng
cc studio d n mu, cu lp trnh mi
luyn tp thm v nhng d n Game n gin
m chng ti khuyn khch bn ti s dng v
sa i li khi cn
HNG I C TH
PHN 1
PHN 1 - 5
PHN 2
PHN 3
PHN 4
PHN 5
CC
GAMES
L
TNG
GAMES
N
GIN
IM S
M
RNG
TNG
TC
SA LI!
Lm cch
no thm
im vo tr
chi s dng
bin?
Nhng cch
khc nhau
m rng
v nng cao
kh cho
tr chi?
Gii qyt 9
cu
Scratch
Gip ti vi!
Bn c th
sa li 5
chng trnh
Scratch ny
hay khng?
im chung
ca tt c
cc tr chi
l g?
Lm th no
s dng
Scratch
xy dng
mt tr chi
tng tc?
73
BI 4
BI TP
CC
GAMES L
TNG
T H I
MC TIU
Hon thnh bi tp ny hc sinh c th:
+ Bit c cc thnh phn thit k c
bn ca mt tr chi.
G I A N
1530 PHT
TI NGUYN
M T BI TP
Chia lp thnh nhng nhm nh 2-3 hc sinh
Trong mi nhm, yu cu hc sinh lit k danh
sch nhng tr chi m h thch. H c th son
danh sch trong nht k hay trong giy ty thch.
Chng ti gi mt bi tp ng no: cho hc
sinh thi gian ngn(1-2 pht) vit xung danh
sch nhiu tr chi nht c th. Sau cho hc
sinh thu hp li nhng tr chi m mnh yu
thch t danh sch .
Sau vi pht, hi cc nhm v danh sch tr chi:
Cc tr chi c im g ging nhau?
Nhng c im no trong thit k lm cho chng
l mt tr chi
GHI CH
+ Cho hc sinh xem li danh sch nhng tr
chi m c ny khi lp trnh tr chi
cc bi tp khc ca bi 4
PHN PHN HI
+ Ln danh sch nhng tr chi bn yu
thch.
+ Nhng tr chi c im g ging
nhau?
+ Nhng c im no trong thit k lm
cho chng l mt tr chi?
+ To mt danh sch gm nhng yu t
thit k cho tr chi m c ca bn
GHI CH C NHN
74
BI 4
BI TP
GAMES
N
GIN
T H I
MC TIU
G I A N
4560 PHT
M T BI TP
bi tp ny, hc sinh s xy dng mt Game n
gin m c th c xem li v m rng trong cc
bi tp im S, Phn M rng v Tng Tc.
Cch khc, cho hc sinh xem nhng d n tr chi
mu nh M Cung, Pong, Scrolling, v a ti liu
hng dn cho hc sinh.
Chn mt d n tr chi cho c lp hoc cho hc
sinh t chn tr chi m mnh thch : M cung,
Pong hay Cun. . Cho hc sinh thi gian xy
dng tr chi hay cho hc sinh chnh sa li mt
trong cc d n
Khuyn khch hc sinh tip nhn cc phn hi
trong qu trnh xy dng tr chi Chng ti gi
mt bi tp phn hi: mt na hc sinh ngi ti
ch trnh by d n , na cn li i xung quanh
xem cc d n khc, hi cc cu hi v a ra
phn hi, sau i v tr cho nhau . Cch khc,
cho hc sinh thm d n vo Studio Tr Chi hay
studio ca lp..
Yu cu hc sinh xem li qu trnh thit k qua
vic tr li phn phn hi trong s ghi chp hoc
trong cuc tho lun nhm
GHI CH
+ n mng v kt qu tr chi cui cng,
chng ti gi t chc ngy hi Arcade Day.
Nhng tr chi s c trnh din v hc sinh
s i xung quanh v chi tr chi ca nhau.
+ Tr chi Cun gii thiu khi nim sao chp.
Gip hc sinh hc thm v vic sao chp khi
lnh vi sch Sao Chp ca bi 5 Cc Tnh
Nng Nng Cao.
76
TI NGUYN
Sch M Cung
D n M Cung
http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/11414041
Sch Pong
D n Pong mu
http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/10128515
Sch Cun
D n Cun mu
http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/22162012
Studio Tr Chi
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/487504
PHN PHN HI
+ iu g th thch bn khi thit k tr chi?
+ iu bn cm thy t ho?
GHI CH C NHN
M CUNG
Lm th no to mt tr
chi
tng
tc
bng
Scratch?
d n, bn s to 1 tr chi.
Tr chi ny bao gm s tng
tc gia nhn vt, im s v
mc . Bn s di chuyn nhn
vt t bt u n kt thc m
cung m khng chm tng.
BT U TI Y
V mt phng nn ging m cung v
s dng nhiu mu khc nhau cho
tng v im nh du kt thc m
cung
Thm nhn vt.
Lm tr chi tr nn sng ng hn!
HY TH
Thm nhiu mc vo tr chi
ca bn ! iu c th c lm
bng vic s dng cc phng nn
khc nhau hay khi lnh broadcast .
S dng khi lnh make a variable
th lu tr im s!
Th vi cc khi lnh thi gian
thm thch thc mi cho m cung
ca bn.
Khi ny quy nh im bt u
ca nhn vt v m cung.
S DNG CC TH LNH
FINISHED?
XONG RI ?
FINISHED?
+ Thm d n ca bn
vo Studio Tr Chi:
http://scratch.mit.edu/st
udios/487504
+ Trao i tr chi vi
bn b
PONG
LM TH NO S
DNG SCRATCH LM MT
TR CHI TNG TC
d n ny bn s to 1 tr
chi. Tr chi ny bao gm s
tng tc gia cc nhn vt,
im s v mc . Tr chi
tng t nh tr chi c in
Pong , vi nhim v l khng
cho tri bng di chuyn qua
mnh .
BT U TI Y
To 2 nhn vt: mt thanh bng
cho ngi chi iu khin v mt tri
bng .
Lm cho thanh bng c th tng
tc.
Mang tr chi ca bn vo i sng!
HY TH
Lm th no thm kh vo tr chi
ca bn? To cc mc khc nhau, s
dng thi gian, lu tr im s l nhng
v d m bn c th lm.
Th thay i giao din tr chi bng vic
thay i phng nn
Th s dng cc phm khc nhau iu
khin nhn vt !
Tng tc vi
nhng bc
tng v thanh
bng
Khi lnh ny iu khin tri bng. Nu chm thanh bng hay
tng, n s tip tc chuyn ng. Nu chm mu (tc l tri bng
i qua thanh ) tr chi kt thc.
S DNG CC TH LNH
FINISHED?
XONG RI ?
FINISHED?
+ Thm d n ca bn
vo Studio Tr Chi:
http://scratch.mit.edu/st
udios/487504
+ Trao i tr chi vi
bn b
SCROLLING
LM TH NO XY
DNG MT TR CHI
TNG
TC
BNG
SCRATCH?
Trong d n ny , bn s to ra
mt tr chi . Tr chi ny bao
gm s tng tc gia cc
nhn vt, im s v mc .
Tr chi ny tng t nh
Flappy Bird, vi mc tiu l gi
cho mt vt th khng ri
xung t hay chm nhng vt
th khc.
BT U TI Y
To 2 nhn vt: 1 ngi chi iu khin
(my bay) and 1 trnh (cc thanh trt).
iu khin chuyn ng ca
nhn vt
HY TH
Lm th no tng kh cho tr
chi ca bn? To cc kh khc
nhau, s dng thi gian, hay lu tr
im s l nhng th m bn c th
lm.
Thay i giao din ca tr chi bng
vic thay i phng nn.
Th s dng nhiu phm khc nhau
iu khin nhn vt
Khi ny to ra bn sao, uc s
dng trong on m di cho
thanh trut theo mn hnh.
HY TH CC KHI
FINISHED?
XONG RI ?
FINISHED?
+ Thm d n ca bn
vo Tr Chi Studio:
http://scratch.mit.edu/st
udios/487504
+ Trao i tr chi vi
bn b
BI 4
BI TP
IM S
T H I
G I A N
3045 PHT
M T BI TP
Cch khc, khm ph d n bt u Fish
Chomp theo nhm v a sch hng
dn im S cho hc sinh
Gip hc sinh m d n Fish Chomp. Cho
hc sinh thi gian khm ph bin bng
vic chnh sa li d n bng vic thm
im s vo tr chi. Cch khc, cho hc
sinh thi gian kt hp im s vo
nhng tr chi trc nh M cung, Pong
hay Cun.
Cho hc sinh chia s d n Fish Chomp
sa i ca mnh vi nhng ngi
khc. Chng ti gi bi tp mu: mi vi
hc sinh trnh by d n trc lp v
minh ha cch s dng bin. Cch khc,
cho hc sinh thm d n vo Fish Chomp
Remix studio hay studio ca lp
80
MC TIU
Hon thnh bi tp ny hc sinh c th:
+ C th gii thch bin l g v ti sao
bin li hu ch?
+ c gii thiu khi nim tnh ton ca
d liu
+ Kinh nghim trong vic chnh sa v ti
s dng 1 d n hay 1 phn ca d n.
TI NGUYN
Sch im S
Studio V D im S
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/218313
D n Fish Chomp
http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/10859244
Studio Fish Chomp chnh sa
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475615
PHN PHN HI
+ Bn s gii thch bin cho ngi khc
nh th no?
+ Bin hu ch cho vic g?
GHI CH
GHI CH C NHN
IM S
LM CCH NO LU
IM S VO D N CA
BN?
Fish Chomp l mt tr chi m
ngi chi s phi c gng n
nhiu c nht c th bng vic
iu khin nhn vt bng chut.
. bi tp ny, bn s chnh
sa li tr chi Fish Chomp
bng vic thm vo bin lu
im s
BT U TI Y
i ti trang ca d n Fish Chomp :
http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/10859244
Nhn vo nt Make a Variable mc
Data to v t tn cho bin im s
Tri nghim vi khi lnh mi l bin
kt hp im s vo trong d n ca bn
XONG RI ?
Khng chc chn cch s dng bin? Xem d n ny
c thm thng tin: http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/2042755
Hoc xem video sau: http://youtu.be/uXq379XkhVw
Khm ph v xem nhng on m trong tr chi bit
thm v vic to bin v kt hp bin vo trong d n
BI 4
BI TP
M
RNG
T H I
MC TIU
Hon thnh bi tp ny hc sinh c th:
+ Lm quen vi cc khi nim iu kin,
ton t, d liu bng vic khm ph
cc chng trnh minh ha cc c ch
tr chi .
G I A N
3045 PHT
M T BI TP
Cch khc, cho hc sinh xem nhng d n
mu t Studio Phn M Rng v a ti liu
hng dn Phn M Rng cho hc sinh.
Cho hc sinh thi gian khm ph m cc
chng trnh trong Studio Phn M Rng
nghin cu cc cch khc nhau m rng v
tng kh cho tr chi. Cho hc sinh chn 1
hay nhiu phn m rng thm vo nhng
d n tr chi trc y (M Cung, Pong,
Cun). Cho hc sinh thi gian th nghim
v kt hp nhng phn m rng vo trong d
n tr chi
Cho hc sinh chia s d n m rng vi
nhng ngi khc. Chng ti gi chia s
theo cp hoc mt bi tp mu: cho hc sinh
chia s v tr chi ca mnh v chng minh
nhng iu mnh hc c.
TI NGUYN
Sch Phn M Rng
Studio Phn M Rng
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475619
PHN PHN HI
+ Nhng cch khc nhau tng kh
ca tr chi?
+ Phn m rng m bn thm vo d
n tr chi ca bn?
+ M t qu trnh thm phn m rng vo
tr chi ca bn?
GHI CH
GHI CH C NHN
M
RNG
Lm th no m rng v
tng tng li tr chi
trong Scatch?
+ IM S http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/1940443
Hng dn cch t v thay i im s . c 10
im mi khi nhn vo ch mo Scratch
+ CP http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/1940453
Hng dn lm th no thay i cp . im s
tng ln 1 mi khi nhn phm khong trng
.Cp tng ln 1 mi khi c 10 im .
+ K TH http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/1940450
Hng dn cch thm k th. Trnh qu bng tennis
bng cch s dng phm iu hng ln xung
+ CHUT http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/25192659
BT U TI Y
i ti Studio Ph M Rng:
+ KHI NG LI http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/25192935
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475619
Chn mt hay nhiu phn m rng
khm ph
Kt hp s la chn vo nhng d
n tr chi trc y.
+ MENU http://scratch.mit.edu/projects/25192991
Hng dn cch hin th mn hnh menu khi bt u
game. Nhn vo nt START hay DIRECTIONS trn mn
hnh menu
HY TH
+ Backpack l mt cng c hu ch khi lp trnh vi
Scratch. N c th lu tr mi th t nhng dng m,
tp tin m thanh cho n nhn vt v nhiu hn
na.Hy th s dng cng c trn kt hp phn
m rng vo d n tr chi ca bn.
+ Cch khc, pht tho tng v vi on m trong s
ghi chp l mt phng php tuyt vi ln k hoch
cho vic lm cch no thm phn m rng
XONG RI ?
+ Thm nhng phn m rng khc vo tr
chi ca bn
+ Th thch bn thn nhiu hn na! Tip tc
xem tng phn m rng vo trong tr chi
+ Gip bn b!
+ Chia s d n vi bn b a ra phn hi
cho nhau.
BI 4
BI TP
TNG
TC
T H I
G I A N
3045 PHT
MC TIU
Hon thnh bi tp ny hc sinh c th:
+ Khm ph cc cch khc nhau lm
mt d n tng tc bng vic gii
quyt chui gm 9 cu .
+ Thnh tho hn v cc khi nim iu
kin, ton t v d liu v vic luyn
tp kim tra v sa li
TI NGUYN
M T BI TP
Th thch mi c nhn hay chia lp theo
nhm nh (2-3 ngi) to ra chng trnh
Scratch gii quyt 9 cu lp trnh
tng tc. Nhng cu lin quan n
khi lnh Sensing v cc khi nim nng
cao trong Scratch v tng tc. Cch
khc a sch hng dn S Tng Tc
cho hc sinh
Mi cu c th c nhiu cch gii. Cho
tng hc sinh hay nhm chia s nhng
gii php hay chin thut khc nhau.
Chng ti gi chia s theo cp hay bi
tp mu : cho hc sinh chia s d n ca
mnh v m t li qu trnh lm d n .
Cch khc, cho hc sinh thm d n vo
Studio S Tng Tc hay Studio ca lp.
Yu cu hc sinh xem li qu trnh thit k
qua vic tr li phn phn hi trong s ghi
chp hoc trong cuc tho lun nhm
PHN PHN HI
+ Nhng cu no m bn lm?
+ Chin lc ca bn gii quyt nhng
cu l g?
+ Nhng cu no gip bn suy ngh v
d n tr ca bn?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Chn thch thc ni bt hay khi nim m bn
mun hc sinh tm hiu. Hay cho hc sinh t
ngh ra cu tng tc.
+ Chnh li nhng cu ny thnh nhng bi tp
khng cu trc cho hc sinh hon thnh
nhng bi tp khc hay l mt th thch khi
ng.
84
Sch S Tng Tc
Studio S Tng Tc
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/487213
TNG TC
IU G GIP PHN BIT
GIA
MT
D
N
SCRATCH VI MT HNH
NH TNH HAY MT CLIP?
Gii quyt 9 cu lin quan
n cc khi nim nng cao
trong Scratch lin quan n
tng tc. Mi cu c th c
nhiu li gii
BT U TI Y
CU 6: Khi ch mo li gn ch ch, ch ch
s quay li v ui theo ch mo.
XONG RI ?
Trc khi bt u vi Scratch, vit xung
tng ca bn trong s tay v nhng
hng tip cn c th i vi mi cu .
Lm vic vi bn b. Hp tc vi bn b
l mt cch hu hiu gii quyt vn
v c thm nhng quan im mi v cch
lp trnh trong Scratch
+ Thm mi d n ca bn vo Studio S
Tng Tc:
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/487213
+ Gip bn b!
+ Tho lun chin thut tip cn cc cu
vi bn b. Ghi ch nhng im ging v
khc nhau vi phng php ca bn.
MC TIU
BI 4
BI TP
SA LI!
T H I
G I A N
1530 PHT
M T BI TP
Cch khc, a cho hc sinh sch Bi 4
Sa Li! Trong sut bi tp
TI NGUYN
Sch Bi 4 Sa Li!
Studio Bi 4 Sa Li!
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475634
PHN PHN HI
+
+
+
+
Vn l g?
Bn pht hin vn nh th no?
Bn gii quyt vn nh th no?
Nhng ngi khc c hng tip cn
khc hay khng?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Bi tp ny l mt c hi kim tra
nhng hc sinh cn s ch hay h tr,
c bit l v nhng khi nim iu
kin(nu) ton t(cng tr, logic) v d
liu(bin, danh sch,)
86
SA LI!
GIP TI VI! BN C
TH
CHNH
LI
5
CHNG
TRNH
SCRATCH NY KHNG?
BT U TI Y
i ti bi 4 Sa Li! Studio:
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475634/
Th nghim v sa li mi th thch
trong 5 th thch sa li trong
studio.
Vit ra gii php hoc sa li ca
XONG RI ?
Lp danh sch nhng li c th c trong chng
trnh.
Theo di cng vic! l 1 li nhc nh hu
dng v vic bn th iu g v nn lm iu
g tip theo.
Chia s v so snh hng tip cn v tm hiu
v gii quyt vn vi bn b
88
BI 5
LN SU HN
BN ANG Y
0
NI DUNG
6
BIT MUN HC
VNG HAI
KHI NIM NNG CAO
PHN CNG & M RNG
THIT K BI TP
SA LI! CA TI
92
94
96
100
102
106
89
BI 5
LN SU HN
TNG LN
MC TIU HC TP
Ngi hc s:
+ Phn nh nhng tri nghim trc y v t
nh gi mc tiu hc tp v nhu cu.
+ To mt bn t chnh sa bng vic m rng mt
d n trc y
+ c gii thiu nhiu phn cng m rng kt
ni Scratch vi th gii thc
+ Thnh tho vi cc khi nim tnh ton v nguyn
tc bng vic khm ph cc tnh nng mi trong
Scratch(video cm bin, bn sao)
+ Th nghim thit k tri nghim hc tp cho
ngi khc .
90
+ Phng vn
+ Phn cng
+ Phn m rng
GHI CH
+ Khng tm thy iu bn ang tm kim? Hy thoi
mi chnh sa li, ti s dng v tng tng li
bt c hot ng no trong hng dn ny ph
hp cho bn v hc vin
+ Tm kim v k hoch bi hc, bi tp hay sch
c thit k ring trn trang web ScratchEd:
http://scratched.gse.harvard.edu
HNG I C TH
PHN 1
PHN 2
BIT
MUN
HC
VNG
HAI
Bn bit g?
Bn mun
bit g? Bn
hc c
g?
Chnh sa
li d n c,
quay li bi
tp b b
qua, hay th
thch bn
thn hc
nhng iu
mi m
PHN 4
PHN 3
PHN
CNG &
M
RNG
KHI
NIM
NNG
CAO
Scratch c
th lm
nhng iu
vt ra
ngoi nhng
g hin th
trn mn
hnh
To 1 d n
khm ph
video cm
bin hay sao
chp
THIT K
BI TP
Thit k mt
tri nghim
hc tp cho
ngi khc
th
PHN 5
SA LI!
CA TI
To chng
trnh Sa Li
N cho ring
mnh v xem
th nhng
ngi khc
c th gii
c hay
khng.
91
BI 5
BI TP
BIT
MUN
HC
T H I
MC TIU
G I A N
3045 PHT
M T BI TP
Trong bi tp t nh hng ny, hc sinh
s phn nh s hiu bit hin ti v xy
dng kin thc mi da trn s thch ca
mnh . Cch khc, a bng hng dn
Bit Mun Hc cho hc sinh
Cho hc sinh phn nh nhng th bit
ri v nhng th mun bit tip theo v
Scratch v lp trnh sng to. Hng dn
hc sinh tr li hai phn phn hi u tin
trong s ghi chp hay s dng bng t
nh gi Know Want Learn .Tip theo cho
hc sinh thi gian theo ui am m hc
tp t phn hi Bn mun bit g?. Cui
cng, cho hc sinh tr li phn phn hi
th ba v th t trong s ghi chp hay s
dng bng Know Want Learn.
Gip hc sinh chia s phn nh v am
m hc tp ca mnh vi ngi khc.
Chng ti gi phng vn ngang hng:
chia hc sinh thnh tng cp v thay
phin nhau phng vn ngi cn li v
qu trnh phn nh, t nh gi v nghin
cu.
GHI CH
+ Gip hc sinh tm v s dng cc ngun
ti nguyn khc trong sut qu trnh
nghin cu nh hi bn b v thnh vin
trong gia nh, hi trn din n tho lun
Scratch.
92
TI NGUYN
Bng sch Bit Mun Hc
Scratch Wiki
http://wiki.scratch.mit.edu
Din n tho lun Scratch
http://scratch.mit.edu/discuss
Scratch FAQ
http://scratch.mit.edu/help/faq
PHN PHN HI
+
+
+
+
Bn bit g?
Bn mun bit g?
Bn hc g?
Chin thut ca bn l g khi nghin cu
iu m bn mun bit?
GHI CH C NHN
BIT
MUN
HC
H TN:
____________________________________________________
BN BIT G?
Suy ngh li v nhng kinh nghim thit k, vit nhng th bn bit v Scrach v lp trnh sng
to.
BN MUN BIT G?
Da trn s thch c nhn, lit k mt danh sch nhng th m bn mun tm hiu hay khm
ph tip
BN HC C G?
Thu thp sch nghin cu v nhng iu trong danh sch bn to pha trn, sau chia s
nhng g bn hc c t vic nghin cu
MC TIU
BI 5
BI TP
VNG HAI
T H I
G I A N
4560 PHT
M T BI TP
Cch khc , a cho hc sinh sch hng
dn bi 0-5
TI NGUYN
Sch bi 0-5
PHN PHN HI
+ Ti sao bn chn lm d n hay bi tp
?
+ Bn s lm g nu c thm thi gian?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Cho hc sinh xem li s tay thit k v h
s Scratch nh gi li nhng cng vic
v bi tp trc y
+ Khuyn khch hc sinh xem li bi 1 Studio
ca ti
94
BI 5
BI TP
KHI NIM
NNG CAO
T H I
G I A N :
3045 PHT
M T BI TP
Dng Khi nim Nng cao, cc v d v Cm
bin Video, v cc v d v Cloning studios
a ra cc v d v gip hc sinh lm quen vi
cc khi iu khin cm bin video v cloning.
Khng bt buc, a cc sch hin c v Khi
nim Nng cao ra hng dn hc sinh.
Cho hc sinh thi gian khm ph code ca
cc chng trnh mu to 1 d n th
nghim vi 1 hoc nhiu hn cc khi nim
nng cao (cm bin video, bn sao).
Khuyn khch hc sinh chia s khm ph ca
mnh vi cc bn khc. Chng ti gi t chc
cc bui thuyt trnh thit k th nghim. Khng
bt buc: cho hc sinh thm cc d n ca
chng vo studio Khi nim Nng cao hoc 1
studio ca lp.
Gi cho hc sinh xem li qu trnh thit k
bng cch p li cc khung phn hi trong s
ghi chp hoc trong 1 nhm tho lun.
TI NGUYN
Studio Khi nim Nng cao
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/221311
Giy bo co Cm bin Video
V d studio Cm bin Video
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/201435
Giy bo co Bn Sao
Studio V d v Bn sao
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/201437
PHN PHN HI
+ (Cc) khi nim nng cao no bn chn
khm ph?
+ Chin lc hc thm v (cc) khi nim
bn chn ra sao?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Cc hc sinh mun khm ph tnh nng
cm bin video s cn 1 my tnh c
webcam.
+ Nhc nh hc sinh rng cng c backpack
c th c s dng mn v ch to
li code t cc d n mu.
96
MC TIU
CM BIN
VIDEO
LM TH NO BN S
DNG CM BIN VIDEO
TRONG CC D N
SCRATCH CA BN?
Bn c bit rng d n Scratch
ca bn c th c tch hp
cc k thut nng cao nh tnh
nng cm bin video?
BT U TI Y
M 1 d n Scratch hoc bt u 1
d n mi thm cm bin video
vo.
Xem th cc khi cho cm bin
video trong danh mc Sensing.
Th nghim vi vic chy th video,
bt video, v t trong sut ca
video cho cc khi lp trnh d n
ca bn c th cm nhn c
chuyn ng qu video.
HY TH
Chc chn rng webcam ca bn c kt ni! Th
dng n bng cch dng khi turn video on.
Nu bn cm thy hi b tc, khng sao c! Khm
ph 1 vi cc d n khc trong studio Cm bin
Video xem ngi khc dng cc khi video hay
dng Ca s Gi hc thm v cm bin video.
XONG RI ?
+ Thm d n ca bn vo studio Khi nim
Nng cao:
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/221311
+ Thm cm bin video cho 1 trong nhng d n
c ca bn!
+ Hy gip bn ca mnh!
+ Lm li 1 d n trong studio Cm bin Video.
BN SAO
LM SAO BN DNG
CLONING TRONG D N
SCRATCH CA BN?
To bn sao l cch n gin
to cc sprite y ht nhau. Bn c
th dng bn sao to bt k
vt th no hay to ra hiu ng
mt trong d n ny.
Khm ph khi nim Scratch nng
cao ny bng cch to 1 d n
lin kt vi tnh nng bn sao.
BT U TI Y
M 1 d n Scratch hin c hoc bt
u 1 d n mi th nghim vi
vic to bn sao.
Xem th cc khi v to bn sao
trong mc Control.
Th nghim vi cc khi to bn
sao cho sprite ca bn. nh ngha
cc hnh vi bn sao s thc hin.
HY TH
Nu lc u bn khng th thy c bn sao ca mnh, kim
tra sprite gc c cng ch khng n c th ang che mt
bn sao! Lp trnh cho sprite gc hoc bn sao di chuyn n
cc a im khc bn c th thy chng.
B tc? Khng sao c! Khm ph cc d n khc trong Studio
Bn sao xem ngi khc dng bn sao nh th no hay tm
trong Ca s Gi hc thm v cc khi To Bn sao v Khi
103
ti bt u nh 1 Bn sao.
XONG RI ?
+ Thm d n ca bn vo studio Bn
sao:
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/201437
+ Thm bn sao vo 1 trong nhng d
n c!
+ Gip bn ca mnh!
+ Lm li 1 d n trong studio Bn sao.
BI 5
BI TP
PHN CNG
& M RNG
T H I
MC TIU
Khi hon thnh bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ c gii thiu vi nhiu m rng phn
cng m lin kt th gii s ca Scratch
vi th gii thc
G I A N :
4560 PHT
TI NGUYN
M T BI TP
(QUAN TRNG: Bi tp ny cn truy cp vo 1
hoc nhiu cc sn phm phn cng.) Gii
thiu hc sinh vi cc cch Scratch kt ni vi
cc cng ngh v phn cng m rng khc bao
gm LEGO WeDo, MaKey MaKey, v
PicoBoard. Khng bt buc, a ra v d t
danh sch video Lm th no ti kt ni Scratch
vi cc cng ngh khc?.
Chia hc sinh thnh nhm nh 2-4 ngi. Cho
cc nhm thi gian tm hiu to 1 d n
Scratch kt hp thnh phn vt l trn tri t
s dng 1 hoc nhiu hn cc phn cng m
rng.
Cho php mi nhm chia s thnh phm vi
nhau. Chng ti gi n gin ha 1 bui
trng by hoc hi ch gp .
Yu cu hc sinh xem li qu trnh thit k qua
vic tr li phn phn hi trong s ghi chp
hoc trong cuc tho lun nhm.
GHI CH
PHN PHN HI
+ Phn cng hay m rng no bn
khm ph?
+ Lm th no bn kt hp phn s v
phn vt l?
+ iu g gy kh khn?
+ iu g gy ngc nhin?
GHI CH C NHN
http://bit.ly/ScratchChainReaction
+ Kch hot th lnh iu kiu phn cng m rng bng
BI 5
BI TP
THIT K
BI TP
T H I
G I A N :
3045 PHT
M T BI TP
hc sinh tri nghim cm gic nh th no khi
l gio vin! Th thch hc sinh to, lm li, hoc
tng tng li 1 bi tp hoc ti nguyn c
thit k h tr khm ph v lp trnh sng to
ca ngi khc. Khng bt buc, pht sch Thit
k Bi tp h tr thm.
Gip hc sinh ng no v tng tng cc tri
nghim hc sng to. Khng bt buc, xem li
cc tng d n v bi tp t hng dn,
hoc khuyn khch hc sinh khm ph ngun
Th Scratch Cards v danh sch studio Thit k
Scratch Design c cm hng. Sau , Cho
hc sinh thi gian t thit k bi tp hoc ti
nguyn.
Cho hc sinh c hi th thc hin bi tp
hay ti nguyn vi ngi hc. Khuyn khch
chng chia s bi tp hoc ti nguyn vi gia
nh v bn b, hoc mi hc sinh lm c vn
cho cc lp , nhm hoc s kin khc.
Yu cu hc sinh xem li qu trnh thit k qua
vic tr li phn phn hi trong s ghi chp
hoc trong cuc tho lun nhm
GHI CH
MC TIU
Khi kt thc bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ Thit k 1 bi tp hoc ti nguyn
h tr nhng ngi khc trong vic
tm hiu thm v Scratch v s lp
trnh sng to
TI NGUYN
Sch Thit k Bi tp
Th Scratch
http://scratch.mit.edu/help/cards
Danh sch studio Thit k Scratch
http://scratch.mit.edu/users/ScratchDesi
gnStudio/
PHN PHN HI
+ Bn hnh dung ai s dng bi tp hay ti
nguyn ca bn?
+ Bn mong mi ngi hc c g khi s
dng bi tp hay ti nguyn ca bn?
+ Th thch no ngi mi hc tri qua
trong vic thc hin bi tp hay s dng
ti nguyn khng? Bn gip h i
mt vi vn ny nh th no?
GHI CH C NHN
102
THIT K
BI TP
H TN:
_________________________________________________
I TNG?
i tng hng n ca bn l ai? Bn mun gip ai hc thm v Scratch v lp trnh sng to?
H S HC C G?
Mc tiu hc l g? iu g mi bn mong mi ngi s hc c khi s dng bi tp ca bn?
H
CN
TIPS
& G?
TRICKS
H cn dng c h tr g? Loi hnh h tr no s gip mi ngi hon ton thu ht vo bi tp
ca bn?
(TIU )
BI TP
CA TI
(2 MC TIU HC)
Khi hon thnh bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+
MC TIU
+
T H I
G I A N :
____ PHT
M T BI TP
(CH DN D N)
Ngi hc s to ra g? H lm iu nh
th no?
TI NGUYN
(2 NGUN TI NGUYN- studios, sch,..)
PHN PHN HI
Ngi hc chia s cng vic ca h vi nhau
nh th no?
(3 CU HI PHN HI)
+
+
+
GHI CH
GHI CH C NHN
(MNH V MO)
(TIU )
(HNH NH D N)
(TNG QUAN D N)
(M T D N)
BT U TI Y
(CH DN D N)
(MINH HA CH DN D N)
HY TH
XONG RI ?
(3 IU NN LM KHI H GP KH KHN)
(3 IU LM NU C THI GIAN)
+
+
Bin dch: Phng TN AILab, Trng H Khoa hc T nhin, HQG-HCM
ailab@hcmus.edu.vn - www.ailab.hcmus.edu.vn
BI 5
BI TP
SA LI!
CA TI
T H I
G I A N :
1530 PHT
M T BI TP
Khng bt buc, a cc sch hin c v
Sa Li! Ca ti hng dn hc sinh.
Cho hc sinh c hi t to th thch
sa li cho ngi khc gii.. Li c th
nm trong khi nim tnh ton, th lnh,
tng tc, hoc cc th thch lp trnh
khc. Khuyn khch hc sinh ly cm
hng t chnh tri nghim vic b tc v
vt qua b tc khi pht trin d n
Scratch.
hc sinh trao i v th chy th vi
sa li li d n ca nhau. Khng bt
buc, cho hc sinh thm chng trnh sa
li n vo studio Sa li! hoc studio ca
lp.
Yu cu hc sinh xem li qu trnh thit k
qua vic tr li phn phn hi trong s ghi
chp hoc trong cuc tho lun nhm
MC TIU
Khi hon thnh bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ Thun thc hn vi thc hnh tnh ton
(th nghim v lp li, th v sa li, s
dng li v lm li, tru tng v n
b ha) bng cch thit k 1 th thch
sa li
TI NGUYN
Sch Sa Li! Ca ti
Studio Sa Li! Ca ti
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/475637
PHN PHN HI
+ Vn l g?
+ Cm hng ca bn ly t u?
+ Bn hnh dung ngi khc phn tch v
gii quyt th thch ra sao?
+ Nhng ngi khc c hng tip cn v
tm ra v gii quyt vn khc vi bn
ngh khng? Chin lc ca h l g?
GHI CH
GHI CH C NHN
SA LI!
CA TI
TI LC T THIT
K CHNG TRNH SA
LI! CA RING BN. BN
S TO RA IU G?
Trong bi tp ny, bn s to
cho mnh th thch Sa Li!
ca chnh bn mi ngi
phn tch, gii quyt v lm li.
BT U TI Y
Phn hi v cc loi li khc nhau bn
gp phi khi to v sa li d n ca
K HOCH CHO
SA LI! CA TI
bn.
XONG RI ?
BI 6
HACKATHON
BN ANG Y
0
NI DUNG
TO D N
114
LN K HOCH D N
116
THIT K SPRINT
120
PHN HI D N
122
TIP TC D N
124
NHM KHNG TP TRUNG 126
CHUN B GII THIU
128
BUI GII THIU
130
109
BI 6
HACKATHON
TNG LN
Trong bi cui cng ny, hc sinh s xy dng trn
kinh nghim lp trnh sng to bng cch tham gia
vo vic thit k 1 d n kt thc-m theo la
chn ca hc sinh. gip bn v hc sinh ng
ph vi tri nghim thit k kt thc-m ny, chng
ti ly cm hng bin bi ny tr thnh 1
cuc thi hackathon. Vi c tnh bao gm va-kphc v gii quyt vn , khuyn khch lp li chui
ln k hoch-thc hin-chia s, trong mi trng
c tnh kt ni v cng tc, hackathon chnh l tri
nghim tt nh ca tnh ton l tng v sng to.
MC TIU HC TP
Hc vin s:
+ c gii thiu quy cch ca 1 s kin
hackathon
+ trnh by kin thc v cc khi nim my tnh
(chui, vng lp, s kin, song song, iu
kin, ton t, d liu) v thc tin (th nghim
v lp li, chy th v sa li, s dng v lm
li, tru tng v n b ha) bng cch nh
ngha, pht trin, v trnh by 1 d n mang
nhiu ngha c nhn, t vn ng
+ c nhiu c hi trong cng tc qua lm vic
110 chung trong nhm, chia s k nng, v cho
cng nh nhn nhiu vng cc phn hi
+ to d n
+ Bui gii
+ nhm khng
thiu
tp trung
GHI CH
+ Bi ny ph hp vi cc d n nhm c
lp hoc mang tnh cng tc. T chn 1
phng n hoc cho php hc sinh chn.
HACKATHON L G?
Hack c 1 ngha kh tiu cc vi 1 vi ngi nhng n tng 1 thi gian di mang ngha ham chi, t
m, kin tr v sng to. 1 trong nhng nh ngha yu thch ca chng ti xem hack nh 1 ng dng hp
l ca tnh kho lo. Vi nh ngha ny, cn kh nng no tt hn cho hc sinh tr hn l hc hack?
1 bui hackathon i hi s vui a kho lo ca hacking v c nh n trong 1 ng cnh tp trung d di
v gii hn v thi gian. Trong bi hc ny, hc sinh s ng no 1 tng, to 1 d n, v trnh by
nguyn mu s dng chu trnh ln k hoch-lm-chia s.
Hackathon cung cp cc c hi tuyt vi cho hc sinh ngh ra cc d n lin quan v mang nhiu
ngha c nhn thc hin, c th pht trin thnh cc d n c lp hoc kt hp theo nhm. y l 1 c
hi cho hc sinh trnh by kin thc ca h v Scratch, m rng hn na cc k nng, v pht trin +
th nghim cc tng trong 1 mi trng cng tc, sng to, linh hot v va hc va chi.
LN K
HOCH
CHIA S
LN K
HOCH
Bn mun lm v iu g?
ng no tng v chun
b k hoch hnh ng!
VN HNH RA SAO?
LM
L M
Thit k v pht trin cc sn
phm ca d n vi ti nguyn
v gip t ngi khc.
CHIA S
Chia s d n ca bn vi
ngi khc v thu thp phi hi
hng n bc tip theo!
111
HNG I C TH
Cc bi tp ly cm hng t hackathon trong bi hc ny c thit k th thch hc sinh xy
dng 1 d n phc tp hn trong 1 mi trng hc tp cng tc v khng hn ch. Tt c cc
vic xy dng gio dc quan trng chng ta ang lm khuyn khch mo him v kin tr, nhn
ra tht bi nh c hi hc hi, tp trung vo qu trnh hn l thnh qu, v thu thp c 1 s m
mang v hp tc v nim vui ln n tt nh trong bi ny.
gip bn bt u, bi ny bao gm chui cc bi tp gi i theo chu trnh ln k hochlm-chia s.
TO D
N
BT
U
SKILL
SHARE
Trnh by
tng, s
thch, k nng
to 1 nhm
d n!
THIT K
SPRINT
Tip tc pht
trin d n v
bc qua t
2 ca thit k.
NHM
KHNG TP
TRUNG
THUYT
TRNH
Trnh by v
chia s cc
phn hi d n
vi nhm bnh
lun.
1 S kin n
mng nhng vic
kh khn v d
n kt thc!
112
LP K
HOCH
THIT K
SPRINT
Trc khi tp
trung vo d n,
dnh thi gian
ln k hoch bi
tp.
Tp trung vo
sng to d n
vi sprint thit
k open-ended.
PHN
HI D
N
TIP TC
D N
iu g ang
hot ng tt
v iu g cn
chnh sa?
THIT K
SPRINT
TIP TC
D N
t thit
k cui
cng!
BI 6
BI TP
TO
D N
T H I
MC TIU
G I A N :
3045 PHT
M T BI TP
Gii thiu hc sinh khi nim ca s din t. Vi s
din t, hc sinh c th thng bo 1 tng d n
chiu m thnh vin cho nhm, hay h c th
xng s thch, k nng, hoc ti nng, c
tuyn bi cc nhm khc.
Phn b sch Din t, cho hc sinh thi gian
ng no v c sch. 1 vi hc sinh c th c
tng d n hoc nh hnh s thch hoc k nng c
th h mun chia s hoc khm ph su hn. hc
sinh nhn ra nu h khng c tng d n hay s
thch c th, h s c c hi tham gia 1 i khc.
Khng bt buc, cho hc sinh xem qua cc d n
gy cm hng c nhn dng trong bi tp Studio
Bi 1.
Cho mi hc sinh c hi din t vi nhm. Yu
cu mi ngi xp hng nu mi ngi cng mun
trnh by, v cho mi ngi 30 giy miu t d n,
s thch hay k nng ca mnh.
Cho hc sinh thi gian to 1 nhm d n t 3-4
ngi. Khng bt buc, cho hc sinh vit tn v iu
quan tm trong d n ln giy ghi ch c th sp
xp v phn loi ln tng to iu kin d dng
cho team-building.
TI NGUYN
Sch din t
Giy dn ghi ch (khng bt buc)
PHN PHN HI
+ D n yu thch nht ca bn cho ti
gi l g?
+ Kiu d n no bn mun thc hin tip
theo?
+ Kin thc, k nng, ti nng no bn c
th ng gp cho d n?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Hc sinh c th rt quan trng trong vic gip
v hng dn nhau qua tt c cc bui
lm vic Scratch, v c th l trong cc bui
hackathon. Khuyn khch lp tr chia s kin
thc v k nng vi nhau khin mi th d
dng hn cho c vn vin, nhng vn gip
ngi sng to hc v hiu su ng k.
114
TO
D N
D N TO BI: _________________________________________________
D N YU THCH CA TI
+ D n yu thch nht ca bn cho ti gi l g?
TNG D N HACKATHON CA TI
+ Kiu d n no bn mun thc hin tip theo?
K NNG
S THCH CA TI
SKILLS
IN V
SCRATCH
+ Kin thc, k nng, ti nng no bn c th ng gp cho d n?
BI 6
BI TP
LN K HOCH
MC TIU
D N
T H I
G I A N :
3045 PHT
M T BI TP
Dnh thi gian lc u ca d n cui
cng khm ph tng, nhn bit cc
nhim v cn hon thnh d n, v
danh sch iu g (v cha) bit c th
s rt c li cho 1 d n kt thc thnh
cng.
Chia nhm thnh cc i d n. Khng bt
buc, phn b sch Ln k hoch D n
v Phc tho D n cho mi i hoc cho
c nhn.
Xem li cc yu t khc nhau ln k
hoch d n (phc tho d n v cc
nhim v, danh sch cc ngun ti
nguyn, k hoch chi tit/biu ). Cho
cc i 15 pht ng no tng, k
hoch, v ti nguyn cho d n. Hc sinh
no c tng v k hoch r rng c
th bt u thc hin thit k d n.
Khng bt buc, thu li cc sch Ln k
hoch D n v Phc tho D n hon
thnh vo cui bi tp a li cho hc
sinh vo u bui Thit k Sprint.
GHI CH
116
+ Mc d ln k hoch rt hu ch, n
khng nn qu tn thi gian hoc ch
c xem l cch duy nht thc hin.
Cc hc sinh khc nhau s mun v cn
ln k hoch vi thc hin phm vi khc
nhau v cc giai on khc nhau ca d
n s cn cch tip cn khc nhau. Nhiu
phong cch thit k v pht trin cn
c khuyn khch v iu tit.
TI NGUYN
Sch Ln k hoch D n
Sch Phc tho D n
PHN PHN HI
+ Ti mun to ra d n nh th no?
+ Cn i nhng bc no pht trin d
n ca ti?
+ Ti nguyn no(e.g., nhn lc, d n
mu) ti c pht trin d n?
+ Ti nguyn no(e.g., nhn lc, d n
mu) ti c th cn pht trin d n?
GHI CH C NHN
LN K HOCH
D N
Dng khong trng pha di ngh v nhng yu t cn thit gip pht trin
d n ca bn.
D N CA TI
Miu t d n bn mun to ra.
TI NGUYN CA TI
Ti nguyn no (e.g., nhn lc, d n mu)
bn c?
PHC THO
D N
PHC THO D N CA TI
BI 6
BI TP
THIT K
SPRINT
T H I
MC TIU
Khi hon thnh bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ dng cc khi nim tnh ton v thc
tin pht trin thm d n Scratch
theo mun
G I A N :
4560 PHT
M T BI TP
Gii thiu cho hc sinh khi nim thit k sprint,
l khong thi gian xc nh b ra pht trin
d n 1 cch ct lc.
Yu cu hc sinh vit ra cc mc tiu cho bui
ny s dng bi tp Tip tc D n hoc bng
cch phn hi cho khung phn hi cho i thit
k hay trong s ghi chp ca bn thn. a
cho hc sinh cc sch hon thnh ca cc phn
Ln k hoch D n, Phn hi D n, Nhm
Khng Tp trung hng dn hc sinh ngm
li cc mc tiu gc ca d n v khuyn khch
hc sinh lp k hoch cho vic ci tin da trn
phn hi.
Cho hc sinh thi gian t nh hng t
lm vic vi d n. Gii thiu v phn pht cc
ti nguyn h tr thm cn thit. Cng thm vi
h tr t bn b, c thm cc ngun h tr
lun sn sng s gip hc sinh tip tc tin .
Cc d n mu trn trang web Scratch
(http://scratch.mit.edu) c th cung cp
tng, v cc ngun ti nguyn khc c th
c tm thy trn trang web ScratchEd
(http://scratched.gse.harvard.edu).
Khng bt buc, yu cu hc sinh ng cc bn
tho d n ln studio ca lp.
GHI CH
+ Tt c cc bi tp thit k u b rng buc
bi thi gian, ngun ti nguyn, bi chnh kh
nng ca bn thn ti thi im nht nh
c th s cn 1 s tha hip. Bui thit k
khng hn ch l 1 c hi tuyt vi c cc
bui tr chuyn vi hc sinh v cc yu t ct
yu ca cc d n. Kha cnh quan trng
120 nht ca cc d n l g? iu g c th t
c trong khong thi gian cn li?
TI NGUYN
Cc ti nguyn b sung(e.g., d n
mu, sch, Th Scratch, craft material)
PHN PHN HI
+ Phn no ca d n bn s thc hin
trong hm nay?
+ Bn cn gip iu g tin b hn?
GHI CH C NHN
BI 6
BI TP
PHN HI
D N
T H I
G I A N :
3045 PHT
M T BI TP
Chia nhm thnh cc i phn hi t 3-4 ngi,
sao cho thnh vin i phn hi ca nhm khng
phi l thnh vin ca nhm d n. Khng bt
buc, cho hc sinh tp trung thnh cc nhm
bnh lun theo bi tp bi 0 Nhm Ph Bnh.
Phn pht sch Phn hi D n cho mi ngi,
v xem li cc yu t khc nhau trong sch. Yu
cu hc sinh in phn trn cng ca sch vi
tn ca hc sinh v tiu d n.
Yu cu hc sinh b ra 10 pht xem xt mi d
n trong nhm phn hi v ph bnh bn tho d
n s dng cc cu hi phn hi , Vng v
Xanh. Sau khi hon thnh xem xt, mi hc sinh
s nhn li phn hi v d n ca h t cc
thnh vin ca nhm phn hi.
Sau khi vng phn hi kt thc, cho hc sinh thi
gian gp cc thnh vin d n xem li cc
phn hi v gi h mun kt hp vo d n
trong bui Thit k Sprint tip theo. Khng bt
buc, thu thp cc sch Phn hi D n hon
thnh vo cui hc c tr li hc sinh vo
u bi tp Tip tc D n hoc bui Thit k
Sprint.
GHI CH
+ Nhng ngi khc nhau s cung cp
nhng gc nhn khc nhau v d nang-hon thnh. To cc c hi cho
ngi hc nhn c cc phn hi t
nhiu ngun khc nhau, k c t chnh
h!
122
MC TIU
Khi hon thnh bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ lm vic vi nhau trong 1 nhm bnh
lun nh cho nhau cc phn hi s
b v d n ca nhau
+ th nghim cc d n-ang-hon thnh
+ trnh by v chia s cc phn hi cho
nhng ngi khc
TI NGUYN
Sch Phn hi D n
PHN PHN HI
+ Kha cnh no ca d n bn mun a
ra phn hi?
+ Phn hi no, nu c, bn d tnh s
a vo tip theo trong d n ca bn?
GHI CH C NHN
PHN HI
D N
, VNG, XANH
PHN HI BI [] Cc im khng hp l [VNG] Cc im bn thy
hay c th ci thin hn?
[XANH] Cc im hp l hay
bn thch trong d n?
BI 6
BI TP
CHECK-IN
D N
T H I
G I A N :
1530 PHT
MC TIU
Khi hon thnh bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ xem li tin d n v phn hi
+ pht trin nt chnh ca cc bi tp hay
nhim v cn thit hon thnh d n
+ to ra 1 danh sch cc ti nguyn cn
thit hon thnh d n
TI NGUYN
M T BI TP
Trong bi tp ny, hc sinh s thc hin
cp nht d n, l vic cp nht vi bn
cng nhm v qu trnh thit k cho ti hin
ti v phc tho 1 k hoch cho nhng thit
k sprint sp ti da trn phn hi nhn
c. Khng bt buc, cho hc sinh hoc
nhm sch Check-InD n hng dn
hc sinh trong bi tp ny.
Chia nhm thnh cc i d n. Khng bt
buc, phn b li cho hc sinh cc sch
hon thnh v Ln k hoch D n, Phn
hi D n, v Nhm Khng Tp trung.
Cho cc i thi gian phi hi li v cc
mc tiu gc ca d n v cc phn hi
nhn c. Cho hc sinh phc tho cc
bc tip theo v ln k hoch cho vic ci
tin cho thit k sprint tip theo.
Ti liu Check-In D n
PHN PHN HI
+ Phn no l phn yu thch ca bn
trong d n cho ti by gi?
+ Phn no trong d n vn cn phi lm
vic thm?
+ Phn no trong d n nhm bn s thc
hin tip theo?
+ Bn s cn gip phn no d n
tin trin?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Tip tc D n l bi tp ln k hoch
ngn. Chng ti gi s dng n nh l 1
bi tp khi ng khi bt u mi bui
thit k Sprint.
124
TIP TC
D N
TIN TRNH D N
Phn no l phn yu thch ca bn trong d
n cho ti by gi?
CC BC TIP THEO
Phn no trong d n mi thnh vin nhm
s thc hin tip theo?
BI 6
BI TP
NHM KHNG
TP TRUNG
T H I
MC TIU
Khi hon thnh bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ phng vn, quan st, v nhn phn hi
v d n-ang-hon thnh
G I A N :
3045 PHT
M T BI TP
T chc 1 nhm khng tp trung l 1 tng chng
ti mn t IDEO. Gii thiu khi nim nhm khng
tp trung, ni m cc hc sinh s chia s d nang-hon thnh v yu cu phn hi t 1 nhm
ngi a dng.
Khng bt buc, phn pht sch Nhm Khng Tp
trung cho mi ngi.
Gip hc sinh ngh ra cc thnh vin cho nhm khng
tp trung. Khuyn khch h xem xt cc i tng
hng ti cng nh cc ngi dng l hoc cc
trng hp khng ng ti m c th cho bn gc
nhn c nht hay phn hi th v (e.g., ph huynh,
gio vin, anh em, cc hc sinh khc, thnh vin
cng ng).
Cho hc sinh thi gian nhn din, phng vn,
quan st v ghi nhn cc phn hi t 2 thnh vin
nhm khng tp trung.
Cho hc sinh thi gian gp g thnh vin nhm
d n chia s cc phn hi t cc ngun nhm
khng tp trung khc nhau. Khng bt buc, thu thp
cc ti liu Nhm Khng Tp trung hon thnh
vo cui bi tp tr li cho hc sinh vo lc bt
u bui Tip tc D n hay Thit k Sprint.
GHI CH
+ Gip hc sinh tr nn sng to trong vic nghin
cu v phm ph cc ngun phn hi. Liu c
cng ty game a phng no c hng th mun
gip khng? D n c th c chia s vi hc
sinh trng khc khng?
+ Nu thnh vin nhm khng tp trung khng sn
sng c cho phng vn trong bui hc (e.g., ph
huynh, gio vin, anh em, cc hc sinh khc, thnh
vin cng ng), bn c th t chc bi tp ngoi
thi gian ln lp hoc giao n nh bi tp v nh.
TI NGUYN
Ti liu Nhm Tch Ri
PHN PHN HI
+ Miu t thnh vin Nhm Khng Tp
trung ca bn v l do ti sao bn li
chn nhng ngi ny.
+ tng ca h s tc ng ti d n
ca bn nh th no?
GHI CH C NHN
TIU D N: _____________________________________________
PHNG VN BI: ____________________________________________
NHM
KHNG
TP TRUNG
NHN DIN
IDENTIFY
+ Kiu ngi no c th
s cho bn ci nhn c
o v d n ca bn?
+ 2 thnh vin trong
nhm khng tp trung
no bn c nh s
a bn tho cho xem?
QUAN ST
Chia s d n ca bn vi
nhm khng tp trung v
xem phn ng ca h.
+ H b tc ch no?
+ H c tng tc vi d
n nh cch bn ngh
khng?
+ H c lm iu g gy
ngc nhin khng?
PHNGIN
VN
SKILLS
SCRATCH
Sau khi quan st, phng
vn nhm ca bn v tri
nghim ca h.
+ Bn nhn c nhng
phn hi no trong bui
phng vn?
+ Gi no, nu c, bn
d tnh s cho vo tip
theo trong d n ca
bn?
BI 6
BI TP
CHUN B
GII THIU
T H I
MC TIU
Khi hon thnh bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ lm vic trn bn tho cui cng ca d
n v chun b cho bui gii thiu d n
cui cng
G I A N :
3045 PHT
M T BI TP
Nhc nh hc sinh rng h s chia s d
n vi nhau (v c th vi khch mi) nh
l 1 cch cng nhn nhng c gng
thc hin v phn nh v nhng tri
nghim. Gii thch rng bui ny chnh l 1
c hi hon thnh cng vic ang dang
d v tm ra chin lc chia s cc d
n vi nhng ngi khc.
Cho hc sinh thi gian lm vic vi d
n v chun b bo co bn tho cui
cng ti bui gii thiu d n. Khng bt
buc, thu thp cc cng vic ang hon
thnh cui cng trong studio ca lp
d dng bo co hn. Khng bt buc,
mi hc sinh thm cc d n ca mnh
vo studio Hackathon.
TI NGUYN
Sch Phn nh D n
Studio Hackathon
http://scratch.mit.edu/studios/488267
PHN PHN HI
+ D n ca bn l g?
+ Qu trnh pht trin d n ca bn l g?
+ Bn mun to ra iu g tip theo?
GHI CH C NHN
GHI CH
+ Hc sinh c th s cm thy lo lng hoc
cng thng v vic hon thnh d n. y
l 1 c hi nhc hc sinh rng: (1) tri
nghim ny ch l im trung gian trn con
ng tr thnh nh sng to tnh ton,
v (2) 1 vi loi cng thng s c ch, gip
ta tp trung vo mc tiu v hon thnh
cng vic!
128
PHN NH
D N
FEEDBAC
CI G?
K
FOR:
D n
ca bn l g?
N vn hnh ra sao? Lm th no bn ngh ra c tng ?
TH SAO?
Quy trnh pht trin d n ca bn nh th no?
iu g th v, th thch, v y ngc nhin? Ti sao?
Bn hc c g?
GI SAO NA?
Bn t ho iu g nht trong d n ca bn?
Bn s thay i iu g?
BI 6
BI TP
BUI GII
THIU
T H I
G I A N :
4560 PHT
MC TIU
Khi hon thnh bi tp ny, hc sinh s:
+ chia s d n cui cng vi nhng
ngi khc v t phn nh ton th tri
nghim qu trnh thit k v sng to
tnh ton
TI NGUYN
M T BI TP
To ra 1 khng kh n mng bng cch
mi cc khch mi, chi nhc, treo
trang tr v chun b cc mn n nh.
Khng bt buc, dng 1 my chiu v mn
hnh trnh by cc d n.
Mi cc hc sinh chia s d n cui cng
v tho thun v qu trnh thit k cng
nhng ngi khc. Khng bt buc, gip
cho tin trin ca hc sinh r nt hn bng
cch cho hc sinh cung cp s tay thit k
v cc d n trc .
Cho hc sinh thi gian t phn nh tt
c cc tri nghim lp trnh sng to bng
cch xem li s ghi chp v phn hi vo
phn phn hi trong s ghi chp hoc
trong cuc tho lun nhm.
GHI CH
+ Chia s c th din ra theo nhiu cch: c
nhn t thuyt trnh trc m ng, cc
nhm nh hc sinh ng thi thuyt trnh,
gii thiu trc tip, truy cp cc d n t
trang web, etc.
+ Tp h s d n, s ghi chp, sch phn
hi d n cui, sch t phn nh d n
cui l 1 trong s (rt nhiu) cc to tc c
th c thu thp vi mc ch thm nh.
(Xem Ph lc)
130
PHN PHN HI
+ T xem qua s tay thit k. Bn thng
ghi ch nhng iu g?
+ Ghi ch no gip ch nht cho bn?
+ D n Scratch no bn thch nht cho
ti by gi? Ti sao bn li thch n?
+ Bn mun to ra iu g tip theo?
GHI CH C NHN
PH LC
133
134
THUT NG
Bng ch dn cho t kha, khi nim, v thc tin trong hng dn chng trnh ging
dy:
Xem trang gip Scratch ti http://scratch.mit.edu/help hoc wiki Scratch to bi cng
ng ti http://wiki.scratch.mit.edu c thm thut ng Scratch-c th.
tru tng v n b ha: Tnh ton thc t ca khm ph cc lin kt gia ton th v tng
phn.
hot hnh: nh o c chuyn ng lin tc c to bi vic chiu nhanh chui cc nh tnh vi
khc nhau ln dn.
phng nn: 1 trong cc khung, hoc cc hnh nn, ca Sn khu.
ba l: 1 tnh nng ca Scratch c th c s dng truyn mi trng v/hoc kch bn gia
cc d n.
bitmap: 1 bc nh c nh ngha bng 1 mng 2 chiu (hnh k ) vi cc gi tr mu ring r
(a.k.a. pixels). Tng phn vi cc vector ha.
pht sng: 1 tin nhn c gi qua chng trnh Scratch, kch hot nhn kch bn.
cloning: 1 tnh nng Scratch cho php 1 sprite t to bn sao ca chnh n khi d n ang chy.
khi nim tnh ton: Khi nim m nh thit k bm theo khi h lp trnh, v d nh chui, vng
lp, iu kin, s kin, song song, ton t, v d liu.
quan im tnh ton: Gc nhn rng hn m ngi thit k c th c v th gii xung quanh h
thng qua tnh ton v d nh t din t bn thn, kt ni vi ngi khc, v a ra nhng
cu hi v vai tr ca cng ngh trn th gii.
thc hnh tnh ton: l cc thi quen c bit ca tr c m ngi lp trnh pht trin ln khi h
lm vic, v d nh th nghim v lp li, chy th v sa li, ch li v s dng li cc cng
trnh, tru tng v n b ha.
c iu kin: Khi nim tnh ton ca vic a ra quyt nh da trn iu kin (e.g., gi tr bin
hin ti).
iu khin: 1 trong 10 danh mc ca quyn sch Scratch. N c quy nh m mu vng, v
c s dng iu khin kch bn.
costume: 1 trong nhiu frames hoc v ngoi thay th ca 1 sprite. 1 sprite c th thay i v
ngoi ca n thnh bt k costume no.
th nghim v lp li: Thc hnh tnh ton ca vic pht trin 1 cht, sau th, sau pht
trin tip thm na.
hi ch phn hi: 1 bi tp chia s m 1 na s hc sinh ngi ti ch vi d n ca chng c
cng khai trong khi na cn li s i xung quanh khm ph cc d n, t cu hi, v a ra
phn hi. Khi hon thnh, cc hc sinh s i vai tr v bt u li qu trnh.
bui trin lm: 1 bi tp chia s m hc sinh t d n vo ch trnh by v sau i xung
quanh v khm ph cc d n ca nhng ngi khc.
phn cng v phn m rng: Cc vt liu ph kt ni th gii s ca Scratch vi th gii thc.
V d ca phn cng m rng gm: LEGO WeDo, PicoBoard, v MaKey MaKey.
ct dn c tnh tng tc: 1 d n Scratch c kt hp nhiu cc sprite nhn vo c.
looks: 1 trong 10 danh mc ca th lnh. N c quy nh m mu tm, v c dng iu
khin v ngoi ca 1 sprite.
vng lp: Khi nim tnh ton ca vic chy cng 1 chui nhiu ln.
to 1 khi: 1 tnh nng c tm thy trong danh mc More Blocks cho php hc sinh to v nh
ngha khi hoc phng thc ring.
chuyn dng: 1 trong 10 danh mc ca th lnh N c quy nh m mu xanh dng va, v
c dng iu khin chuyn ng ca 1 sprite.
ton t: Khi nim tnh ton ca h tr biu th logic v ton hc.
phn mm v: Phn mm chnh sa nh c sn trong Scratch. Nhiu Scratcher t to sprite,
costume, v phng nn s dng n.
lp trnh cp: 1 phng php hc lp trnh v cc nh pht trin ghp i li v lm vic cnh
nhau trong 1 d n.
song song: Khi nim tnh ton ca vic khin cc th xut hin cng 1 lc.
cu chuyn chuyn-n-i: 1 d n Scratch c khi u bi 1 cp ngi, v sau truyn
cho 2 cp ngi khc m rng thm v tng tng li.
phng vn bn: 1 bi tp chia s v hc sinh thay phin nhau phng vn ln nhau v qu trnh t
phn nh, t nh gi, v nghin cu.
pitch: 1 hot dng m hc sinh s pht biu tng d n tuyn cc thnh vin nhm, hoc
gii thiu s thch, k nng, v ti nng ca mnh c tuyn bi cc nhm khc.
ch trnh by: 1 ch biu din trong Scratch cho php cc d n c xem 1 kch c
ln. N c truy cp bng vic nhn vo nt phn tri trn ca chng trnh Scratch. Ch
ny cn c gi l ch ton mn hnh hoc mn hnh phng to.
trang thng tin: 1 trang trn cng ng Scratch online cng hin a cc thng tin v ngi
dng Scratch, v d nh cc d n h to hoc nh du (a.k.a. favorited).
chnh sa d n: 1 tnh nng ca cng ng Scratch online cho php cc d n c chnh sa.
iu ny bao gm vng kch bn (ni cc kch bn c tng hp), vng sprite (ni cng
ngoi sprites c th b thao tng), v vng sn khu (ni sprite c t v ni phng nn c
th c truy cp).
, vng, xanh: 1 bi tp phn nh v chia s m trong mi c th nhn dng cc kha cnh
ca d n l khng tin trin tt hay vn cn lm thm (), kh hiu hay li thi (vng),
hoc bi tp tt (xanh).
Bin dch: Phng TN AILab, Trng H Khoa hc T nhin, HQG-HCM
136
ailab@hcmus.edu.vn - www.ailab.hcmus.edu.vn
Sa i li: 1 cng vic sng to dn t 1 cng vic gc (hoc t 1 remix khc). 1 remix thng
gii thiu cc ni dung mi hoc cc yu t c sc, nhng vn gi c 1 tng ng
vi tc phm gc.
dng li v sa li: Thc tin tnh ton v vic lm g bng cch xy dng n trn tng
hay d n c sn.
trnh chiu Scratch: 1 bi tp chia s m hc sinh tp trung li quan st cc d n Scratch
ca nhau.
kch bn: 1 hay nhiu th lnh kt ni vi nhau to ra 1 chui. Kch bn bt u vi khi s
kin m phn hi vi input (e.g., click chut, pht thanh). Khi c chm ti, thm nhiu khi
lin kt vi khi s kin s chy mi ln 1 ci.
Cm bin: 1 trong 10 danh mc ca th lnh. N c quy nh m mu xanh dng nht, v
c s dng pht hiu cc dng input khc nhau (e.g., v tr con chut) hoc tnh trng
chng trnh (e.g., v tr sprite).
chui: Khi nim tnh ton ca vic nhn dng 1 dy cc bc cho 1 nhim v.
bui gii thiu: 1 k hoch chia s m hc sinh trnh by d n cui cng cho ngi khc v
phn nh v qu trnh thit k v nhng tri nghim v s sng to v tnh ton ca h.
m thanh: 1 tp tin m thanh c th chi c trong 1 d n Scratch, c th s dng bng cch
ti t th vin cp sn trong Scratch, hoc to 1 bn thu m mi. m thanh c chi s
dng cc khi m thanh, iu khin m lng, nhp m thanh v nhiu th khc.
Nhn vt: 1 i tng truyn thng thc hin cc hnh ng trn sn khu trong 1 d n Scratch.
sn khu: Phng nn ca 1 d n Scratch. Sn khu c th c kch bn, phng nn (trang phc),
v m thanh, tng t nh 1 sprite.
studio: 1 th vin to bi ngi dng trong cng ng Scratch online c th c s dng
lm ni bt cc d n ng gp bi 1 hay nhiu ngi dng.
chy th v sa li: Thc tin tnh ton ca vic chc chn rng mi th chy tt v tm v
sa cc vn khi gp phi.
Ca s Mo: Nm trc tip trong Project Editor, cung cp cc thng tin hng dn.
nhm khng tp trung: 1 bi tp m hc sinh chia s d n ang tin trin v ngh phn hi
t 1 nhm ngi a dng.
tham s v danh sch: 1 gi tr c th thay i hoc 1 tp hp cc gi tr c lu trong b nh
Scratch. Cc tham s c th lu 1 gi tr 1 ln, trong khi danh sch c th lu nhiu gi tr.
vector ha: 1 bc nh c nh ngha l 1 tp hp cc hnh hc (e.g., hnh trn, tam gic) v
mu sc. Tng phn vi bitmap.
cm bin video: 1 tnh nng ca Scratch m s dng video t 1 webcam pht hin chuyn
ng hoc chiu video input trn sn khu.
137
138
TIU CHUN
Cc bi tp trong bng hng dn ny c to lin kt vi 1 vi cc tiu chun
chng trnh ging dy K-12 khc nhau, bao gm cc Tiu chun Chung v Ct li
ca Bang, cc Tiu chun CSTA K-12 v Khoa hc My tnh, v ISTE NETS.
Chng ti bao gm cc lin kt ti cc Tiu chun Chung v Ct li nh 1 v d.
c thm kt ni, hy xem hng dn ti http://scratched.gse.harvard.edu/guide
Cc Tiu chun Chung v Ct li ca Bang v Ton hc nm 2010
http://www.corestandards.org/wp-content/uploads/Math_Standards.pdf
+ Hiu ra cc vn v kin tr gii chng Nhiu bi tp hng dn thu ht hc sinh vo gii
quyt cc th thch sa li, gip khuyn khch hc sinh khm ph cc cch khch nhau tm
ra v gii quyt vn . Bi tp v d: Bi 1 - 4 Sa li!
+ L lun Tru tng v nh lng Hc sinh c th din t cc khi nim tru tng v pht
biu hiu bit ca chng v cc mi quan h nh lng nh cc bin qua cc biu din hnh
thc c thit k trong Scratch. Bi tp v d: Bi 4 Chm im
+ M hnh vi Ton hc Cc bi tp nht nh trong hng dn th thch hc sinh din t li
cc cng thc, so snh d liu hc, hoc cc quan h ton hc khc nh chng trnh
Scratch. Hot ng v d: Bi 4 Tng tc
+ Ch trng chnh xc Cc bi tp trong v ngoi mn hnh gip hc sinh nhn ra s quan
trng ca vic ch trng chi tit khi ch r ch dn hoc chui m dn ti 1 kt qu c th no
. Bi tp v d: Bi 1 Lp trnh nhy ma
+ Tm kim v S dng Cu trc Xem qua kch bn trong bi tp sa li, c qua on m ca
ai khi lm li 1 d n, hoc xem li cng vic xy dng ln cc chng trnh phc tp
hn c th thu ht hc sinh trong vic nhn k vo cc m hnh hay cu trc lp li thy r trong
chnh chng trnh Scratch ca h hoc ca ngi khc. V d bi tp: Bi 3 Hi thoi
Cc tiu chun Chung v Ct li ca Bang v Ngh thut Ngn ng/K nng nm 2010
http://www.corestandards.org/wp-content/uploads/ELA_Standards.pdf
+ Cho thy s t lp. Hu ht cc bi tp v d n trong bi hng dn c thit k t
nh hng hoc c th iu chnh d dng iu tit cc cng vic c lp, cho d cc d n
mang tnh kt hp v cng vic nhm c khuyn khch hn. Bi tp v d: Bi 1 T gii thiu
+ Tr li cc yu cu khc nhau ca khn gi, nhim v, mc ch v k lut. Hc sinh nhn
thc c cc loi khn gi, nhim v, mc ch v k lut khc nhau khi chia s cc d n
cho cng ng Scratch trc tuyn trn ton th gii hoc thit k cc d n v bi tp cho
nhng ngi khc. Bi tp v d: Bi 5 Thit k Bi tp
+ Lnh hi cng tt nh ph bnh. 1 s a dng cc bi tp phn hi v cc d n mang tnh
phi hp gip hc sinh chia s cng vic-ang-hon thnh, t cu hi, v trao i cc li ph
bnh mang tnh xy dng. Bi tp v d: Bi 0 Nhm bnh lun
+ Dng cng ngh v phng tin truyn thng s 1 cch c chin lc v thnh tho. Trong
cc bi tp t nh hng, hc sinh hc cch nh v cc phn khc nhau ca trang web
Scratch pht trin d n, tm kim cm hng, lin kt vi nhng ngi khc, v theo ui
mc tiu hc tp. Bi tp v d: Bi 5 Bit Mun Hc
+ Hiu cc kha cnh v vn ha khc. Trong vic lm li cc d n ca ngi khc, hc sinh
cn c, hiu, v gii thch li code v mc ch ca cng vic khng phi ca h. Khi xy dng
d n mang tnh phi hp, hc sinh hc cch hp tc, tha thun v chia s cng vic vi
nhau. Bi tp v d: Bi 3 Lu truyn
139
140
M T
chui
vng lp
song song
s kin
iu kin
ton t
d liu
M T
th nghim v lp li
pht trin 1 cht, sau chy th, sau pht trin tip
th nghim v sa li
dng li v lm li
tru tng v n b
ha
M T
din t
lin kt
t cu hi
141
142
TH NGHIM V LP LI
THP
VA
CAO
Hc sinh cung cp 1
miu t c bn v
vic xy dng d n,
nhng khng c chi
tit no v 1 d n
c th.
Hc sinh cho 1 v d
chung chung v xy
dng 1 d n c th
theo 1 th t nht
nh.
Hc sinh cung cp
chi tip v cc thnh
phn khc nhau ca
1 d n c th v n
pht trin theo 1 th
t nht nh ra sao.
Bn th nhng iu g
khc nhau khi bn thc hin
d n ca mnh?
Hc sinh khng a
ra v d c th v
nhng iu hc sinh
th.
Hc sinh a ra 1 v
d chung chung v
vic th g trong
d n.
Hc sinh cung cp v
d c th v cc th
khc nhau hc sinh
th trong d n.
Bn xem li nhng iu g
v ti sao bn li xem li
nhng iu ?
Hc sinh miu t 1
iu hc sinh xem li
trong d n.
Hc sinh miu t
nhng iu c th
hc sinh thm vo
d n v nu l do.
Hc sinh cho 1 v d
v vic th iu g
mi trong d n.
Hc sinh miu t cc
iu mi hc sinh
th trong d n.
CHY TH V SA LI
THP
VA
CAO
Miu t iu xy ra khi bn
chy d n v thy khc vi
nhng iu bn mun.
Hc sinh miu t
iu g chy sai
trong d n, nhng
khng phi v th
m hc sinh mun.
Hc sinh cho 1 v d
c th v iu
xy ra v iu hc
sinh mun xy ra
trong d n.
Hc sinh miu t
vic c qu kch
bn nhng khng
cho v d c th v
vic tm vn trong
on m.
Hc sinh miu t
vic c qu kch
bn v cho v d c
th v vic tm vn
trong on m.
Hc sinh cho 1 v d
chung v thc hin
thay i v th
nghim xem n c
bi tp khng.
Hc sinh cung cp 1
v d c th v vic
thc hin thay i v
th nghim xem n
c bi tp khng.
Hc sinh cung cp 1
v d chung chung
v hng gii quyt
cho vn .
Hc sinh cung cp 1
v d c th v
hng gii quyt
cho vn .
DNG LI V LM LI
THP
VA
CAO
Hc sinh cung cp 1
v d chung chung
v d n gy cm
hng cho hc sinh.
Hc sinh cung cp 1
v d c th v d n
gy cm hng cho
hc sinh v bng
cch no.
Bn chn 1 phn ca d n
khc, v gn v d n ca
bn nh th no?
Hc sinh a ra v
d c th v kch
bn, tng hay ti
nguyn hc sinh ly
t d n khc v
cch thc.
Bn sa i 1 d n c
ci tin n, hay nng cp n
nh th no?
Hc sinh cung cp 1
miu t chung v
nhng thay i hc
sinh thc hin
trn d n khc.
Hc sinh cung cp v
d c th v nhng
thay i hc sinh
thc hin trn d n
khc.
Hc sinh nu tn
nhng ngi to
cm hng cho hc
sinh.
Hc sinh cung cp
t liu v d n
v/hoc trang web
Scratch ca ngi
c cng trnh to
cm hng cho hc
sinh.
TRU TNG V N
B HA
THP
VA
CAO
Bn quyt nh sprite no
cn thit cho d n, v n
nn nm u nh th no?
Hc sinh khng h
miu t cch hc
sinh chn sprite.
Hc sinh cung cp
miu t chung v
vic chn sprite no
.
Hc sinh cung cp
miu t chi tit v
cch hc sinh chn
sprite da trn mc
tiu cho d n.
Bn quyt nh kch bn no
cn thit cho d n, v n
nn lm g nh th no?
Hc sinh cung cp
miu t chung v
vic quyt nh to
kch bn no .
Hc sinh cung cp
miu t c th v
vic quyt nh kch
bn da trn mc
tiu cho d n.
Bn t chc cc kch bn
theo cch ngi khc
hiu nh th no?
Hc sinh cung cp 1
miu t chung v
cch t chc kch
bn.
Hc sinh cung cp v
d c th v cch t
chc kch bn v l
do.
143
KHNG
MT CHT
NHIU
KHNG
MT CHT
NHIU
144
KHNG
MT CHT
NHIU
KHNG
MT CHT
NHIU
145
146
C THM
Tuyn chn cc bi c h tr thm khm ph ca bn v lp trnh sng to:
Sch
+ Papert, S. (1980). Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas. New York, NY: Basic
Books.
+ Papert, S. (1993). The childrens machine: Rethinking school in the age of the computer. New
York, NY: Basic Books.
+ Kafai, Y. B. (1995). Minds in play: Computer game design as a context for childrens learning.
Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Available at http://www.yasminkafai.com/minds-in-play/
+ Margolis, J., & Fisher, A. (2002). Unlocking the clubhouse: Women in computing. Cambridge,
MA: MIT Press.
+ Margolis, J., Estrella, R., Goode, J., Holme, J.J., & Nao, K. (2008). Stuck in the shallow end:
Education, race, and computing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
+ Kafai, Y. B., Peppler, K. A., & Chapman, R. N. (2009). The computer clubhouse:
Constructionism and creativity in youth communities. New York: Teachers College Press.
+ Rushkoff, D. (2010). Program or be programmed: Ten commands for a digital age. New York,
NY: OR Books.
+ Kafai, Y. B., & Burke, Q. (2014). Connected code: Why children need to learn programming.
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lun n
+ Monroy-Hernandez, A. (2012). Designing for remixing: Supporting an online community of
amateur creators.
Lun n tin s, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
+ Brennan, K. (2013). Best of both worlds: Issues of structure and agency in computational
creation, in and out of schools.
Lun n tin s, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Bi bo
+ Brennan, K., & Resnick, M. (2012). New frameworks for studying and assessing the
development of computational thinking.
American Educational Research Association meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
+ Brennan, K. (2013). Learning computing through creating and connecting. IEEE Computer,
Special Issue: Computing in Education.
doi:10.1109/MC.2013.229
147
148
LINKS
ng dn ti cc ti nguyn lp trnh sng to c ch:
LOI
M T
NG DN
Website
Scratch
http://scratch.mit.edu
Website
ScratchEd
http://scratched.gse.harvard.edu
Website
Flash
http://helpx.adobe.com/flash-player.html
Ti nguyn
http://scratch.mit.edu/scratch2download
Ti nguyn
ThScratch
http://scratch.mit.edu/help/cards
Ti nguyn
http://scratch.mit.edu/community_guidelin
es
Ti nguyn
http://scratch.mit.edu/help/faq/#remix
Ti nguyn
Scratch Wiki
http://wiki.scratch.mit.edu
Ti nguyn
http://scratch.mit.edu/discuss
Ti nguyn
Scratch FAQ
http://scratch.mit.edu/help/faq
Ti nguyn
http://bit.ly/LEGOWeDo
Ti nguyn
MaKey MaKey
http://makeymakey.com
Ti nguyn
PicoBoard
https://www.sparkfun.com/products/10311
Ti nguyn
http://scratch.mit.edu/users/ScratchDesig
nStudio
Video
http://vimeo.com/65583694
http://youtu.be/-SjuiawRMU4
Video
http://vimeo.com/28612347
http://vimeo.com/28612585
http://vimeo.com/28612800
http://vimeo.com/28612970
Video
http://bit.ly/scratchbackpack
Video
http://bit.ly/makeath
Video
http://bit.ly/scratchvariables
Video
Lm th no ti kt ni Scratch
vi cc cng ngh khcs? Danh
sch Video
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