MEN ~ WOMEN
Household tasks = Household jobs Viee nha
Household work = Household duties
Household chores = Domestic duties =
Domestic tasks
To share household responsibilities ‘Trach nhiém viéc nha
To share their parenting and domesti
responsibilities.
To divide roles and responsibil
Fair division / Fair share Phan b6/ Chia sé viée nha
To reduce the heavy workload Chia sé ginh ning cong viée
Traditional gender roles Vai trd cita cha me
Parental roles
Men - Breadwinner
Women - Household controllers
Parental roles
Marriage partners
‘Single-parent families
The rise in divorce rates Sw gia tng trong ty1é ly hon
To assume childcare responsibilities ‘am nhiém viée cham séc con cai
To take on the role of househusband
To provide a healthy home environment for
their babies
‘The lack of closeness in families
Men and women should have access to the same
educational opportunities
‘Arrange of occupations is available to both sexes
Paternity and househusbands are becoming
more common.EDUCATION
Prestigious universities
Gic trubng DH danh tigng
| Standards of education
The standard ofa country’s education system
Tidu chudn cha he thong gido duc
The quality of future generations of workers
Oi ngii lao dng twong lai
‘A well-educated workforce Lure ltrong lao dng dirac dao tao tot
University graduates ‘Sinh vign tot nghiép DA
To be experts in their fields La chuyén gia trong linh vee ctia ho
‘Academic qualifications gained abroad can
open the door to better job opportunities.
To broaden students’ horizons
Toachieve their potential
To continue their studies
‘To continue their education
Tip tuc vie hoc
To learn practical skills related to their chosen
profession
Hoe cic kj ning thie t@ ign quan d@n ngh®
nghigp ma da chon
‘Overseas students
Tobe exposed to different culturesand customs
Duge tigp xi vi cac nn vin ha va tap tue
hdc nhau
To expose students to a world of knowledge
and information
‘Skills which are useful for their future jobs
To have access to free schooling
Home - schooled children
Schools offer a better overall educational
experience
‘According to their academic ability
Mixed ability classesNATURAL RESOURCES
‘The growing consumption of natural resources
Vige tigu thy cde ngudn tii nguyén
thién nhién ngay cang gia ting
The over exploitation of the world’s resources Vige Khai thc qud mike ngudn ti
nguyén
The overconsumption of natural resources
Vige tiéu thu qué mirc ngudn tai
nguyén
Over-consuming natural resources
The increasingly high level of natural resources
exploitation
The natural resources will be dwindling shortly in
near future
Cac ngudn tai nguyén thién nhién sé
suy gidm/ can kiét trong tong lai gin
‘An increase in the world’s demand for natural
resources
Sv gia ting nhu clu d6i véi cde ngudn
tai nguyén thién nhién
‘The shortage of resources
Sw thidu hut cae ngudn tai nguyén
‘The resources come to the verge of depletion
Cae ngun tai nguyén 6 nguy co can
kigt
To face the scarcity of fuels and materials
‘Déi mat voi tinh trang khan hiém nhién
nguyén ligu
To exploit natural resources
Khai thac tai nguyén thién nhién
To utilize new sources of energy
Tan dung cdc ngudn nang wong méi
To damage natural habitat
Anh huéng m6i trwdng ty nhién
To dwindle =To run out
Can kiét
‘The conservation and recovery of natural resources
Vigc bio tn va phuc hbi cde ngudn tai
nguyén thién nhién
FooD
Food poisoning Ngé déc thuc phim
Food sources Ngudn thie an
To consume foods Tiéu thy thyc pham
To grow a harvest
Nutrients Duong chat
‘The mass production of food ‘San xuat thie in dai tra
‘The mass slaughter Gist mo dai tra
Package foods Thife an dng got
Food safety ‘An toan thure phim
Toadulterate ‘Thém phy gia, ha chit vio thie anROAD SAFETY
Strict punishments Hinh phat nang
= Severe punishments
= Heavy punishments/fines
Lenient punishments inh phat nhe
To impose a heavier course of punishments
To institute heavier penalties
= To institute heavier fines
‘0 introduce heavier punishments
Dua ra/ Gidi thigu cdc hinh phat nang
hon
Prison sentences ‘Sur téng tit
‘Traffic lawbreakers ‘Ngudi vi pham luat giao thong
Driving offenders
Commuters
Fear of the death penalty Son tirhinh
The fear of being sentenced to prison
NOi sob] Két an ti,
‘Addecrease in the rate of road accidents
Sy gidm ty I tai nan giao théng duéng
boJOBS
To secure ajob
To seek employment
Tim kiém viéc lam
To walk into a job
Tim dugc cdng viée mot cach dé ding
‘A defined career path
Con dung su nghiép da duoc xac din
To develop a range of experience and skills
Phat trién mt loat cdc kinh nghiém + ky
nang
‘Working conditions
‘Dibu kign lam viée
‘Working environment Mai trong lam viée
The atmosphere in a workplace Khong khi tai noi lam viée
‘Assense of job satisfaction Cm gidc hai long voi cong viée
Personal relationships
Nhimng méi quan hé cd nhan
The salary package Mite long
Job seekers = Job hunters Nguoi tim vie
Office work Céng vie van phong
Job opportunities = employment opportunities | Cohdi viéc lam
Employment prospects Trign vong cong viéc
A choice of profession Swlya chon ngh® nghiép
To be jobless = to be unemployed ‘That nghiép
The unemployed (plural) = Jobless people = | Nhiing nguoi that nghiép
‘Those who have no job
To face financial difficulties Gap khé hin vé tai chinh
‘Self employment Ty lam chiFAST FOOD AND HEALTH
‘The availability of fast food
Sy¥c6 sin thite dn nhanh
‘The prevalence of fast food /processed food pre-
prepared meals
Unhealthy junk food
Dd in vit
‘A diet of convenience foods
‘To result in serious health problems
Din t6i nhing van dé sire khoe nghiém
trong
"To be responsible for some aliments such as higl
blood pressure, obesity and heart disease
Chiu wach mhiém cho cic bénh nhwr..
"To be increasingly overweight = more obese
‘To cause health deterioration
Gly ra sy cay gidm vi ete Khde
‘To be detrimental = hamrful to.
"To consume an excessive amount of fast food
‘Tigu thu khdi long Ion thire an nhanh
“Fo shape the future eating habits
Hinh thanh théi quen an udng trong
turong lai
‘Ailments = lines Bénh tit
"The pace of life increases Nhip Sng ting
Excessive individual consumption Si tiéu thy ed nhan vergt mire
Health risks associated with this trend Nhiing rii ro vé sire khde lién quan t6i
xu thé nay
“The major health problems ‘Nhiing van de sire khoe chinh
“To cause various health problems Gay ra rat nhitu vin de ve sire khoe
“Fo face health problems Gap nhibu van dé ve sic khoe
To lead a sedentary lifestyle
‘Song 116i sGng itvan dong
Sedentary office work
Ging vige van phong it van dOng
Unhealthy eating habits
“Thai quen Sn udng khong lan manh
“The lack of physical exercise/ physical activities
“Thidu che hoat dng thé chat
“To be involved in less outdoor activities
“Tham gia vio it cac hoat dong ngoai troi
To increase the burden on hospitals and
taxpayers
Gia ting ginh nang vao.
‘To keep their eyes glued to the screens
Dan mat vio man hinh
‘To suffer from eye diseases
“Mic cdc bénh vé mat
‘To institute a higher tax rate on beverages.
= To impose a higher tax rate on sth
‘This may increase the price of these products,
which may deter people from excessive
Individual consumption
Dat mot mire thu cao hon vao dd udng
Inanattemptto do sth
Eg, Antl-smoking campaigns are launched in an
attempt to curb tobacco smoking.
No lwelam giCRIME
To commit a crime
Pham toi
To break the law
Vi pham phap luat
Unlawful actions
Nhimng hanh dng vi pham phap luat
Sth acts asa deterrent
Dang vai trd nhw 1 sy ngan chan, rin de
Prison sentences Su tong th
Imprisonment Su tong giam
‘Community service Tao dong cong ich
Rehabilitation Su cai tao
Rehabilitated prisoners Ta nhan duoc cai tao
Crime TOidc
Criminals = Wrongdoers = Lawbreakers = | Toi pham
Offenders = Convicts
Inmates Ta nhan
To deter/ discourage people from doing sth __| Ngan ai dé khdi Lim vide gh
To re-offend
Pham t6ilai/ Tai pham toi
To engage in unlawful acti
Acriminal record HO so pham toi
Capital punishments ‘An ti hinh
Death penalty
To send sb to prison
To sentence criminals to death Tuyén an tir hinh
‘A form of revenge Thinh thie tra thiENVIRONMENT
Fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas
The use of alternative sources of energy, including
wind power, water power and nuclear power.
Vic sir dung cdc ngudn ning lrong
thay thé.
Renewable energy from solar, wind or water power | Nang lugng tai tgo
‘A greater level of environmental contamination
The growing demand for fossil fuels in the world
‘The deterioration in the air quality Gidim chat lirong khong khi
To burn fossil fuels to generate energy
Dat chay nang nog héa thach dé tao
ranang long
To reduce the dependence on the traditional energy
resources/ on fossil fuels
Gidim sy phu thude vao ce ngudn nang
wong truy@n thong.
To suffer from adverse effects of environmental
problems
To curb environmental deterioration
iKiém ché suy thoai mai trurdng
‘To lower the demand for energy in every household
‘To promote environmentally-friendly technology
To raise the public’s ecological consciousness
Pollutants Chat gay 6 nhiém
Toxic wastes Chat thai dBc hat
‘Gas emissions from factories Khi thai tir nha may
Exhaust fumes from vehicles Khi thai tirxe eb
Air pollution OnhiGm Khong kh
Environmental problems Nhiing van dé v8 moi rudng
To alleviate environmental problems 1am dia bot.
‘To contaminate the environment Tam 6 ug, lam ban
To destroy the environment Phd hiy moi trong
To degrade the environment Lim suy thoai mdi trudng
To aggravate Tam tram trong them
‘The protection of wildlife Bao vé dng vat hoang da
‘The biology will be seriously affected