IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS-94, no.

3, May/JUe 1975

BIBLIOGRAPHY ON SINGLE-POLESWITCHING
Edward W. Kimbark
IEEE System Stability Working Group

FOFEWORD

Members

Single-pole switching and reclosing becomes of greater

importance as the electrical utilities develop EHV and UHV
transmission systems. While utilities continue to use the
majority of the breakers on a three-pole basis, there exist areas
whereinsingle-pole breaker operation andreclosing are of real
merit.

C. H. Didriksen

Leo Edwards
Eric T. B.Grogs
N.B.

Modem EHV and UHV breakers are designed with

independent operating mechanisms
and
therefore are readily
available for either three-pole or single-pole operation. The areas
of system concerns and these characteristics are discussed
within the references - are system stability, secondary arcing,
switching suge overvoltages,
and
maximum
and
minimum
reclosing
times.
The effects of compensation on transmission
linesadd another dimension for study.

There has been a considerable amount of experience with

single-poleswitching on uncompensated lines of voltages below
400 kV. Recently, however, applications have been made to a
having
special shunt banks of four
few
lines
of 500 kV
star-connected reactors to aid extinction of residualarcs.These
devices open the way to applications ofsingle-pole switching
on longer
lines
and
on lines higher
of voltage.
A limited
amount of test and operating r e s u l t s is available to guide
systemplanners.
The Transmisson and Distribution Committee of the IEEE
Power Engineering Society sponsored the General
System
Subcommittee under the chairmanship of H. L. Manning, Texas
Electric Service Company, andearlier ofL. J. Rubmo, Ontario
Hydro, to prepare this bibliography for the benefit of design,
application, and system engineers.
A great deal of time and effort goes intothe assembly of
any
bibliography.
Appreciation
for
these efforts are
acknowledged to Dr.
E.
W. Kimbark of Bonneville
Power
Administration, who
supplied
the major impetus in obtaining
andcompiling the references. Appreciation is also expressed to
the Working Group memberswhoreviewedandhelped
edit the
listing.

k E. Kilgour
Edward W. Kimbark

R. Maliszewski
L. J. Rubino
Giulio Santagostino
Wayne R. Schmus

Robert Bigelow
James D.Brown

Affiition

39-1

H. Thommen, Investigations on High-speed Reclosing

on the Occurrence of ShortCircuits in Overhead Line
Systems
and
the
Application of the Airblast
Highspeed Circuit Breaker for this Purpose, C s ,
1939, report 108, vol. m,26 pp.One of the earliest
papers to suggest
selective-pole
switching.
Mentions
necessity of selfextinction of the residual arc and of
rapid reclosure for stability.

42-1

S. L. Goldsborough and A. W. Hill,

Relays
and
g
ihspeed Single-Pole Tripping and
Breakers for H
Reclosing, AIEE Trans., vol. 61, pp. 77.81, February
1942. Paper 42-35.

42-2

J. J. Trainor, J. E. Hobson, and H. N. Muller, Jr.,

HighSpeed Single-Pole Reclosing, AIEE Tans., vol.
61, PP. 8187, February 1942. Disc., pp. 422423.
Paper 42-24.

42-3

S. B. Crary, L.F.

Kennedy, and C. A. Woodrow,

Analysis of the Application of High Speed Reclosing
Breakers to Transmission Systems,AIEE
Trans., vol.
61, pp. 339-348, June 1942. Disc.,
pp.
423-424.
Paper 42-31.S i e - andthree-phaseswitching.

42-4

H. A. Peterson, SelfClearing Characteristics of Arcs

to Ground with Single-phaseSwitching, Appendix III
to item 423, AIEE Trans., vol. 61, pp. 347348,

New England Electric System, Westboro,

Mass.
General Electric Company, Schenectady,
N e w Ynrlr

H a m Engineering Company, Chicagc

Illinois
T e n n e s s eVe a l l eAy u t h o r i t y
Chattanooga, Tern.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
Troy,
N.Y.
Service Corporation, New
A. P.
E.
York, N.Y.
Commonwealth Associates, Inc., Jackson,
Mich.
Bonneville
Power
Administration,
Portland, Oreg.
A. P.
E.
Service Corporation, New
York, N.Y.
Ontario Hydro, Toronto, Ontario
C.E. S. I.,Milano, Italy
Southern California
Edison
Company,
Rosemead, Calif.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

A.E.
Kilgour, Chairman
System &ability Working Group
T & D Committee P E S .
Members

Johnsen

Affiliation

June 1942.

42-5

Muller, Jr., SinglePole

Fault Clearing for Greater Stability, Westinghouse
&., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 23-25,February 1942.

42-6

J. E. Hobson, HiSpeed Reclosing,

Midwest
Cod. ROC.,VOI. 5, pp. 156-164, 1942.

44-1

W. W. Parkerand H. A. Travers, Reclosing of Single

Tie Lines between Systems, AIEE Trans., vol. 63,
pp. 119-122, March 1944. AIEE Paper 44-30.
Compares
power
limits for %pole
and
selectivepole
switching.Givesequivalent
circuits for 2 poles open.

Paper T 75 0484 recommended and approved by the IEEE Transmission &

Distribution Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society for presentation at
the IEEE PES Winter Meeting, New York, N.Y., January 26.31, 1975. Manuscript
submitted August 30,1974;made available for printing November 18,1974.

1072

J. E. Hobson and
H.
N.

Pwr.

44-2

J. J. Trainor
and
H. N.
Interconnection
Made
Reliable
Switching, Power
Plant
Engg.,
vol.
77-79, 138, 140, June 1944.

Muller,
Jr.,
H.V.
by SinglePole
48, no. 6, pp.

50-1

A. C. Boisseau, B. W. W~man, and W. F. Skeats,

Insulator Flashover Deionization Times as a Factor
in
Applying
High-speed Reclosing Circuit Breakers,
CIGRE, 1950, report 135, 12 pp.

44-3

W. A. Den, Single-PoleReclosureHolds Stability and

stresses, Elec.World,vol.
122, no. 14, pp. 68-69,
September 30, 1944.

52-1

44-4

Maury,
E. Lextinction
des
arcs
dans
le
&nclenchement ultrarapide m o n o p W sur les lignes a
220
kilovolts
(Arc
extinction very
in
rapid
single-pole reclosure on 220-kV lines, in French),
Gen. de lElectricite, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 79-90, May
1944. Tests on arc extinction.

W. P.
Dobson
and
V. V. Mason,
Single-Pole
Reclosing:
Relaying
Problems and
Arc
Extinction
Times,
CIGRE,
1952,
report
316,
16
pp.
Calculations and test results on 130- and240-kVlines
of Ontario Hydro.

e. 53-1

Lars Norlin, Provmed

enpolig snabb&ererinkoppling
det svenska
220-kV
ngtet (Test with Single-Pole
Reclosing on the Swedish 220-kV Network, in
Swedish), Teknisk Tidskrift, no. 40, pp. 841843,
November 3,1953.

45-1

45-2

45-3

47-1

L. Perrin, Influence du reenclenchment rapide phase

par phase sur la stabilite des grands reseaux de
transport denergie electrique (Effect of the rapid
phase by
phase
reclosure
on the stability of
big
electric power systems, in French), Rev. Gen. de
IElectricite, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 17-22, January 1945.
N.
H.
Muller, Jr., and W. W. Parker, Reclosing
SingleCircuit Tie Lines, Westinghouse Engr., vol. 5,
no.
pp.
2,60-63,
March 1945. Selective-pole
switching.
Experiences en laboratoire sur
lextinction darcs dam des conditions conespondant
reenclencbement
au
ultra-rapide
monophase
(Laboratory tests on arc extinction under conditions
corresponding to veryrapidsingle-phase
reclosure, in
French), SOC. Francaisedes Electriciens. Bull.,vol.5,
no. 48, pp. 173-176, June 1945.
J. J. Trainor and E.
C.
Parks, Experience with
S i e - P o l e RelayingandReclosing
on a Lage 132-kV
System, AIEE Trans., vol. 66, pp. 405411, 1947.
Disc., pp. 411413. Paper47-67. Experience of
P.
S.
Co. of Ind. 75% of faults are SLG. 5 lines, 331 mi.,
mostly wood-pole, 35cycle PCBs. 59 faults of which
7
42 were temporary
SLG, 38 successful,
unsuccessful.
A. Amstutz, Residual Currents and
Voltages
with
S i e - P o l e Reclosing, Brown-Boveri Rev.,vol. 35, pp.
220-226, July/August 1948. Steady-state analysis of
capacitive
coupling
for
solidly
grounded and
resonantgrounded systems. Suggests arc extinction by
grounding switch.

48-2

H. Tbommen, Circuit
Breakers
and
Neutral-Point
35, no. 718, pp.
Earthing, Brown Boveri Rev.,vol.
227-230, July/August 1948. Comparison of circuit
breaker duty on resonant grounded system with that
o n solidly grounded system. Relatively little on
single-poleswitching.

49-2

54-1

L.
Cabanes,
C.
Dietsch, and M. Divan, Does the
Length of Line Limit the Application ofSingle-Phase
Automatic
Reclosure
Very
in High
Voltage
Transmission Systems? CIGRE, report 142,1954,12
pp. Tests on unloaded220-kVlines
at Fontenay lab.
of E.deF.

54-2

C. Dietsch, Selection of the Faulty Phases on Power

Transmission Lines, Part 3 of a report by the Study
Group Protection and
Relaying,
CIGRE,
Report
325, 1954, pp. 3142.

54-3

K.
R.
McClymont,Single-PoleReclosing:
Results of
Staged-Fault Tests, Ontario Hydro Research News,
vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 9-13, ApriVJune 1954.

54-4

B.
Reed and B.
C.
Hicks,Single-PoleReclosing
on
Shawiningan
Water
and
Power
Co. 230-kV
Transmission
Lines,
unnumbered A E E Conference
paperpresented at AEE WinterMeeting in New York
in January 1954,60 pp.Relaying of 2-terminal lines.

55-1

LN. o r l i n ,S n a b b i t e r i n k o p p l i nagv
hdgspkhningsbrytare
(High-speed
reclosure of
high-voltage circuit breakers, Swedish),
in
Teknisk
Tidskrift, v01. 1955, pp. 177-180, March 1, 1955.

55-2

F. Schai and P. Baltensperger, Kunschlussversuche

mit Schnellwiedereinschaltung auf der220-kVLeitung
Meltlen-Lavorgo (Short-circuit Tests on Rapid
Reclosure of the 220-kV line from Meltlen to
46, no. 17,
Lavorgo, in German), Bull. S.E.V.,
vol.
pp. 762-784,1955.

56-1

R.
Willheim
and M. Waters, Neutral Grounding in
High Voltage Transmission, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1956.
Has information on arc extinction by Peterson coil.

56-2

M. J. R.
Mortlock
and
M. C. F. Humphrey,
discussions in CIGRE Group 32, 1956, vol. 1, pp.
627-633. Arc extinction tests on simulation of 330-kV
line.

56-3

F. Schaer
and
P.
Baltensperger,
ShortCircuit Tests
with RapidReclosure on the 220-kVMettlen-Lavorgo
Line, AIEE Trans.,vol. 75, part III, pp. 1137-1146,
December 1956. Paper 56-711. Includes oscillograms
on staged tests of single-polereclosure.

57-1

R.
Engstrom
and
S. Longstram, Field Tests Show
Single-phase Highspeed Reclosure Justifiable at Higher
Voltages, Elec. Lightand Power, vol. 35, no. 7, pp.
135-142, March 25,1957.

M. Maury,
E.

48-1

49-1

E. J. Harrington and E. C. Starr, Deionization Time

of High-Voltage Fault-Arc Paths, A E E Trans., vol. 68,
part II, pp. 997-1003,
1949.
Disc., pp. 1003-1004.
Paper 49-205. On primary-arc deionization time.
A.
C.
Boisseau,
B.
W. Wyman, and W. F. Skeats,
Insulator Flashover Deionization Times as a Factor
Highspeed Reclosing
Circuit
Breakers,
in
Applying
AIEE Trans., v01. 68, part II, pp. 1058-1066,1949.
Disc.,pp. 1066-1067. Paper 49-221.

1073

58-1

A. S. Maikopar and N. N.Beliakov,Arcing

Short
Circuits on 400-kVTransmissionLinesand
Methods
ofDealing with Them, Electric Technology, U.S.S.R.,
vol. 4, pp. 27-38, 1958. T r d t e d from Russian,
Elektrichestvo, no. 1, 1958, pp. 19-25.

58-2

Niels Knudsen, Arrangement for Polyphase Networks

Providedwith Means for High Speed Reclosing, U.S.
Patent no. 2,824,978, February 25, 1958. 4 pp.

583

M. MUller, F. Gygax, C. Hahn,and

P. Baltensperger,
Systems, Taking into Account
Protection of
E.H.V.
Single-phase Automatic Reclosure on Very
Long
vol.
45, no. 6, pp.
Line, Brown Boveri Rev.,
243-253, June 1958. Phaseelective relaying. Use
of
liquid jets to ground the open conductor.

58-4

B.C. Hicks and A.B. Sturton, Protection of Parallel

Three-TerminalTransmission Lines, AIEE Conference
Paper CP 58819, presented at AEE GeneralSummer
Meetingin Buffalo, N.Y., June 1958. 35 pp. Relaying
of 230-kV3-terminal lines for single-poleswitching.

60-1

A. S. Maikopar,
Minimum
Time
of Automatic
Reclosing,
Electric
Technology, USS.R., 1960, pp.
302-315, esp. Fig. 3, p. 311. From Elektrichestvo, no.
6, pp. 34-40, 1959.

60-2

Baltensperger,
P.
Schnellwiedereinschaltung bei
Hochstspannungsubertragung (Rapid
Reclosure
on
EHV Transmksion Lines,
in
German), Bull. S.E.V.,
vol. 51, no. 21, 22, pp. 1106-1113, October 1960.
Disc.,p. 1113.

62-1

I. B. Johnson, L. 0. Barthold, C.
Dorsa,
J. H.
Hagenguth, A. Hauspurg, J. H. Kinghorn, 0. Naef,
J. D. M. Phelps, V. E.Phillips, W. F. Skeats, C.H.
Titus, and F. C. Vose, Fault Arc Deionization and
on EHV lines - Field,
Circuit
Breaker
Reclosing
Laboratory and Analytical Results, CIGRE, 1962,
report 307, 21 pp. Aimed at %pole switching on
345-kV lines. Fieldandlab.
tests.

62-2

N. Knudsen,Single-phaseSwitching
of Transmission
Lines Using Reactors for Extinction of the Secondary
Arc,CIGRE, report no. 310, 1962, 11 pp.

62-3

Roche,
L. Single
Phase
Automatic Reclosing
in
Transmission Networks, Part I1 of CIGRE Report
327, Report on the Work
of
the Study Group on
Protection andRelaying, 1962, pp. 28-41, vol. III.

63-1

T. W. Wilcox
and
R.
A. HOE, Single-Phase
Autoreclosure on the 330-kV Kariba Transmission
81, pp. 999-1006,
System,
AEE
Trans.,
vol.
February 1963. Paper 62-1108.

63-2

63-3

K. H.
Milne,
Single-Pole
Reclosing
Tests on Long
275-kV TransmissionLines, IEEE Trans. on PA.&S.,
vol. 82, pp. 658-661, October 1963. No disc.Paper
62-1100, June 1962. Field tests and operating
experience in South Australia. Dead time, 25 cycles
a t 50 Hz = 0.53 sec. All 13 operations were
f i i 21 months. Secondary arc appears
successfulin
to be inherently unstable.

Supplement, 1963, pp. 236-252. Disc.,p.

253. IEEE
Paper no. 63-938. Has
extensive
bibliography (109
items).
634

A. B. Sturton, One, Two, and Three Phase

and
345-kV
Lines,
Automatic Reclosing of 230-kV
IEEE Trans. on P.A.&S.,
Special
Supplement, 1963,
pp. 304-314. Disc. pp. 315-318.

63-5

Hans-Georg
Miller,
Der
weitere Ausbau des
(Further expansion of
westdeutschen 380-kV Ne-
the West German 38O.kV system, in German),
ed. A, vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 309-317, May 20, 1963,
esp. p. 309. Mentions successfulsingle-pole switching
on 340-km 380-kV line. Arcgenerallyextinguishedin
350 ms, max. 950 ms.

m,

64-1

E. W. Kimbark, Suppression of Ground-Fault Arcs

on Single-Pole-Switched EHV Lines by Shunt
Reactors, IEEE
on P.A.&S.,
vol.
83, pp.
285-290,March 1964. Paper 64-56. Nodisc.

Trans.

64-2

B. J. Gevayand W. H. Schippel, Transient Stability

of an
Isolated
Radial
Power
Network
with Varied
Load Division, IEEE Trans. on PA&S., vol. 83, part
3, pp. 964969, September 1964. Disc.,pp. 969-970.
Finds the stability limit for a constant 75-MW load
consisting of various proportions of synchronous
motors, induction motors, and static load after a SLG
fault on a llo-mi., 230-kV line is cleared by
single-poleswitching, and presents .the stability limits
in triangular coordinates. The synchronous motor load
is the most effective one in maintaining stability.

64-3

Y. Ozaki, Extinction of Secondary Arc Current in a

SinglePole Reclosing System, Elec. Engg. in Japan,
vol. 84, no. 6, pp. 53-63, June 1964. Lab. test with
capacitivedivider & insulator strings.

64-4

D. Jahn, H. Koettnitz, and H. Schulze, Earth Wires

as a Means of ImprovingSingle-PoleRapidReclosing
of Long High-Voltage
Lines,
CIGRE,
report 401,
1964, 15 pp.Numericalvalues
of longitudinal induced
voltageappear to be too high.

64-5

A. S. Maikopar, Prospects of Single-phase Automatic

Reclosure on 5OO-kV Long Distance Lines 500-km in
Length when
Using
Shunting Reactors, Electric
1964.
Tech11010gy USSR., V O ~ . 3 pp. 348-355,
Translated from Russian in Elektrichestvo, no. 7, pp.
32-34, 1964. Considers effect of ordinary shunt
reactors on increasing the recoveryvoltage but giving
beats.

65-1

T. Heinemann, Single-Pole
Rapid
Reclosing,
&.
vol. 176, no. 18, pp. 668-671, April 30, 1965.
Proposes grounding the isolated conductor through
resistors atboth ends of the line.

&.,

65-2

Yuzo Ozaki, Arc Characteristics of Insulator Strings

for EHV TransmissionLines, IEEE paper no. 31 CP
65-18, 1965. Lab. tests of extinction time of
secondary arc on 5OO-kV insulator strings.

66-1

A.
Bossi,
L.
Lagostena,
and
A.
Taschini
Autoricbiusura monofase
nelle
linee
ad altissima
tensione (Automatic single-phase reclosure on EHV
lines, in Italian), presented at 1966 meeting of Italian
Electrical Assn. (AEI) in
Alghero.
Rendiconti della
Lxw Riunione AnnualeAEI, 1966. Paper I-70/1966,
7 PP.

IEEE Working Group on Arc Deionization Times,

Times on High Speed Three Pole
ArcDeionization
Reclosing,
IEEE
Trans.
on P.A.&S., Special

1074

66-2

663

66-4

E. Annino, A. Clerici
and
A. Colombo, Analog
Determination of Secondary Currents and Induced
Voltages in a 4OOkV DoubleCircuit Line, IEEE
paper no. 31 PP 66-385, Summer, 1966. 9pp.
text
plus 22 pp. figs. Not truly on single-pole switching,
but on a double-circuit line on which live &phase
circuit induces voltage and current on other circuit,
3-phase
switching.
TNA
which is disconnected by
study at CESIof
400kV 325-km Jupd-Bauru line of
transient voltage
and
current of single-phase short
circuit. With shunt reactors at one end of line, these
depend on tripping sequence ofPCBs.

G. Lyon, EHV System

Application to Installations
Coni. Proc., V O ~ . 2 8 , pp.
one-half page (pp. 934-5) on

66-6

Leo Edwards, Single-Pole

Switching
Studied on
500kV Line, Elec.
World,
vol.
166, no. 8, pp.
56-57,August 22, 1966.

67-1

J. H. Harlow,
E.
T. Norton, and K. J. Carlsen,
Aspects
of
EHV
Reactor Application, IEEE paper
no. 31 PP 67-125, January 1967. 16 pp.Has
short
section on Single
Phase
Switching, pp. 5-6. Has
plots of secondary arc current and reactor neutral
voltage vs. neutral reactor reactance with powerangle
as parameter, Figs. 12 and 13.

67-3

68-1

68.2

69-2

Harold A. Peterson and Narayan V. Dravid,

A
Method for Reducing
Dead
Time for Single-Pole
Reclosing in EHV Transmission, IEEE Trans. on
PAABS., ml. 88, no. 4, pp.
286.291,
~ p r i l 1969.
Disc., pp. 291-292. IEEE Paper no. 68 TP 72-PWR,
January 1968.

70-1

M . Fukunishi, K. Anjo, H. Terase, Y. Ozak

,i
K. Yano, andY.Kawaguchi,
Laboratory Study on
Dead
Time
High
of
Sped Reclosing of 500-kV
report 31-03, vol. 2, 1970, 12 pp.
Systems, -,
Disc., Group 31, pp. 3-13, same
volume.
500-kV
suspension, V, and strain strings with arcing horns.

70-2

G. Hosemann,discussion of Group 31, CIGRE,vol.

p ~ 9-12,
.
1970.

70-3

HansJikgen Haubrich, Einpolige Kurmnterbrechung

in HiichstspaMungsnetzen iiber 500 kV (Singlepole
fault clearingin EHV systems, in German),
ed.
A, vol. 91, no. 8, pp. 453-458,August 1970.

70-4

70-5

Harold A. Peterson, S i e PhaseReclosing of Circuit

Breaker
Multiphase
in
Electrical
Transmission
Systems, U.S. patent no. 3,505,567, filed
October 18,1967, issued April 7, 1970, 3 pages.

71-1

M. Fukunishi and H. Terase, Study of Insulator

Strings for Reducing
Dead
Time High-speed
of
- Reclo-&g, Elec. En=: in Japan, vol. 91, no. 3, pp.
125-131, 1971.

71-2

A.B.
Sturton, SinglePole Reclosing on High Voltage
Lines,
Canadian
Electrical Assn., Power System
Planning and Operating Section, Spring Meeting,
Vancouver,March 1971.

71-3

John W. Chadwick, Jr.,

and
Leon E. Goff, Jr.,
*Development of a Static Single-PoleRelayingScheme
for the~TVA500-kV System, AmericanPowerConf.,
h.,
Chicago, April 20-22, 1971, pp. 1127-1133.

71-4

C.
Gary,
S. Hesketh, and M. Moreau, Essais
dautoextinction darcs @les encas de declenchement
monophase. Application aux lignes a 750 kV (Tests
of selfextinction of secondary arcs
in
case of
single-pole
switching.
plication to 750-kV lines, in
French),Rev. Gen. d lectricite, vol. 8 0 , no. 5, pp.
406412, May 1971. Lab. tests with 400- and750-kV
V-strings,
line
simulated
by lumped Cs, no
compensation. Correlation with
400-kV
operating
experience.

GaryE. Stemler, Single-PoleReclosing Secondary Arc

Extinction
Tests
for
500kV,
internal report,
Bonneville
Power
Administration, Branch of System
Engineering, Portland, Oregon, December 1968.

a New Method for

Decreasing Arc Extinction Time Required for S i e

Pole Reclosina in EHV Systems, doctorate thesis,

University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1968. 168 + xii
pages.
69-1

J. K. Ddard, J. M. Clayton, Jr., andL.

A. Kilar,
Controlling
Switching
Surges
on 1100-kV
Trammission S ~ m s , ~ ~ ran^. on P.A.u.,
VOI.
89, no. 8, PP. 1752-1759, NovJDec. 1970. Disc., PP.
1759-1762. -Paper 70 TP 76-PWR. TNA. study -of
switching surges on an 1100-kV loo-, 200-, and
=mile
line
shows
that overvoltages are somewhat
less with single-pole reclosure than with &pole
reclosure (Tables If, lV, and VI andconclusion7.)

IEEE

R. Bruce Shipley, Henry J. Holley, and Dorothy W.

Coleman, DigitalAnalysis of Single-PoleSwitching on
EHVLines, IEEE Trans. on P.A.&S.,vol. 87, no. 8,
pp. 1679-1683, August 1968. Disc., pp. 1683-1687.
Also in
IEEE
Coni. Record, P.1.C.A-meeting, May
1967. Paper 31 C 69.

Dravid, Analysis of

2,

m,

Design,
with
Particular
Pwr.
Africa,
in Amer.
927-941, 1966. About
single-pole switching.

H.L.
Goodridge, G. P. Sasdi, and N. Stadtfeld, Jr.,
Single-Pole
Reclosing
and Underlying System
IEEE
Protection during the Single-Phasing
Period,
paper 31 CP 67-537, July
1967.
(Paper number
assigned after the meeting.)

V.N.

voltage,

-.*
IEE Proc vol. 116, no. 1, pp 96-100, January 1969.
Calculation of s t e a d y h t e quantities for balancedline.

P. Ostano, Laboratory
A. Balosi, M. Malaguti,and
Full-scale
Tests
for the Determination of the
Secondary
Arc
Extinction
Time High-speed
in
Reclosing, IEEE paper no. 31 PP 66-382, June
1966.

66-5

67-2

into the residual fault current andrecovery

A. di Pema and L.
Paris,
I1 prim0 period0 di
e s e r c i z idoes li s t e m a
a 3 8 0 - kLVa
Spezia-Baggio-Bovisio (The T i period of operation
of the
380kV
system La Spezia-Ba&o-Bovisio, in
Italian), presented at 1966 meeting of Italian
Electrical Association (A.E.I.) at Alghero. Rendiconti
d e b LXM Riunione Annuale AEI, 1966, paper
1-74/1966, 1 2 pp.

715

Farouk A. M. Rizk, Single-phase autoreclosure of

extra-high-voltage transmission lines: an investigation
1075

HansJurgen Haubrich, Einwlige Kurmnterbrechung in

Hochstmannuusnetzen
500-kV-1500-~
(Single-pole
switching on EHV systems 5oe15OO-kV, in German),

January 1974. Relaying scheme suitable for lines with

series capacitors or with single-pole
or
selective-pole
switching.

doctorate dissertation Dl7 at Technische Hochschule

Darmstadt, November 1971. Comprehensivesurveyand
evaluation of state of the art.
716

72-1

72-2

74-1

74-2

Leo Edwards, J. W. Chadwick,Jr., H.A. Riesch, and

L.
E.
Smith,
Single-Pole
Switching
on TVAS
Paradise-Davidson 500kV Line: Design Concepts and
Staged Fault Test Results, IEEE Trans. on PA.&&,
vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 243&2444, NovemberiDecember
1971. Disc., pp. 2445-2450. Paper no. 71 TP
147-PWR. 1278-MVA generator at Paradise
feeds
radially
over
a 9Smi (150-h) 500-kV line to a
500-kV network at Davidson. S i e - p o l e reclosure is
required for stability after one-linetoground faults. A
bank of four Yconnected shunt reactors located at
the end of the line aids arc extinction. The relay
system and the staged-fault tests for checking the
relaying are described.
Alessandro Clerici and
Caleb
H. Didriksen, Jr.,
DynamicOvervoltagesand
Ferroresonance Found in
Switching
Surge
Studies for Iran 400-kV
System,
91, no. 1, pp. 195-202,
IEEE Trans. on P.A.&S.,vol.
JanJFeb. 1972. Disc., pp. 202-203. IEEE paper 71
TP 142,July1970.
Sec. JII gives briefly results of
TNA study by CESI on single-phasereclosing.

74-6

Edward W. Kimbark, Charts of Three Quantities

Associated
with
Single-Pole
Switching, IEEE
Transactions Paper no. T 74 446-1, SummerPower
Meeting, 1974. Presents charts of steadyatate residual
fault
current
and
recovery
voltage
and
natural
all charts
frequency of transient recovery
voltage,
consisting of families of straight lines in rectangular
co-ordinates of degree of zero-sequence shunt
compensation versusdegree of positive-sequence shunt
compensation.

747

L.Carlsson,L.
Groza, A. Cristovici, D. S. Necsulescu,
and Al. Ionescu, Single-Pole Reclosing on EHV
Lines, CICI, 1974, report 31-03, 9 pp. Application
of 4reactor scheme to a 400-kV
396-mi
line
in
Rumania. Computed transient performance, field tests
at noload. The reactance of the neutral reactor was
chosen as less than the theoretical valuein order to
makepossible a lower insulation level.

74-8

H-J.
Haubrich,
G.
Hosemann, and R. Thomas,
Single-phase Auto-reclosing in EHV Systems,
CIGRE, 1974, report 31-09, 17 pp. General survey
and laboratory test results without shunt reactors.

74.9

M. Cazzani, A. Clerici,
P.
Margaritidis,
and
J. Theloudis, Internal Overvoltages on the New
Greek 400 kV Network, CIGRE, 1974, report 33-03,
24 pp. Section 3 gives calculated steady-state rms
values of secondary arc currents andrecoveryvoltages

S. J. BaLrer andP.

C. Krause, Computer Study of

Electric Merits During S i e - P o l e Switching of a
765-kV Line, IEEE Conference Paper C 72 222-3,
February 1972, 9 pp. Simulation of a 765-kV
200-mile
line
without compensation, with 3- and
4-reactor compensation, and with series-capacitor
compensation.

for single-pole reclosure on SLG fault and 3-pole

reclosure on 2LG fault on shuntampensated and
uncompensated 400-kV double-circuit lines. Shunt
= 1, 2, or co, with ratings
reactor hanks have X&
of 50 or 75 M m .

J. R. Eaton andEdwinKozak,Single-PoleSwitching
on Reactor Compensated Lines: Optimum Operating
0758,
Conditions, IEEE Conference Paper C 74
January 1974. Has
graphs
of steadystate recovery
having
4-reactor
voltage of open conductor on line
bank with phase reactors WK and neutral reactor
Ln/J, where L and Ln are for complete shunt
compensation.

AUTHOR INDEX

Amstutz,

S. J. Balser
and
P. C. Krause, Y3ingle-Pole
Switching--A
Study
of System Transients with
Transposedand Untransposed Lines, IEEE Trans. on
*-P A & S * vol. 93, no. 4, pp. 1208-1212, July/August
1974. Disc.,
p.
1212. Paper T 74 076-6, January
1974.

743

S. B. Prusti, and R. T. Smith, Recovery

P.K.Dash,
Voltage and Residual Fault Currents of Power
Systems
with
Series
Compensated Untransposed
Transmission
Lines.
Part
I:
Analysis, IEEE
Conference Paper C 74 077-4. Part II: Applications,
C 74 078-2, January 1974.

74-4

S. J. Balser, J. R. Eaton, and

P.
C. Krause,
Single-PoleSwitching - A Comparison of Computer
Studies with Field Test Results, IEEE Trans. on
P . A . & Sv.o,9l3. ,
no. p11p, 0. 0 - 1 0 7 ,
January/February 1974. Disc., pp. 107-108. IEEE
Paper T 73
406-6,
Summer
1973,
8 pp.
Hybridcomputer simulation of 2 tests on TVAline.
linearly
with
Arc resistance is assumed to increase
time.

745

W. Hinman,
L.
Segregated Phase
Comparison
Relaying Facilitates Independent-Pole Protection,
34, no. 1, pp. 20-27,
Westinghouse
Engr.,
vol.

A. 48-1

Anjo, K. 70-1
Annino, E. 66-4

B
a
l
d
,A. 66-3
Balser, S. J. 72-2, 74-2, 74-4
B a l t e n ~ p e a ~P., 55-2, 56-3, 58-3, 60-2
Barthold, L. 0. 62-1
58-1
Beliakov,N.N.
Boisseau, A. C. 49-2, 50-1
Bo&, A. 66-1
Cabanes,L. 54-1
Carhen, K. J. 67-1
C a r b n , L.74-7
Cazzani, M. 7 4 9
Chadwick, J. W., Jr. 71-3, 71-6
Clayton, J. M., Jr. 70-4
Clerici, A.66-4, 72-1, 7 4 9
Coleman, D. W. 67-3
Colombo, A. 66-4
Crary, S. B. 42-3
Cristovici, A. 74-7
Dash, P.K. 74-3
Derr, W. A. 443
Didriksen, C.H., Jr. 72-1
Dietsch, C. 541, 54-2
Dillard, J. K. 70-4
di Perna, A. 66-2
Divan, M. 54-1
Dobson, W. P. 52-1

1076