Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ON
ANDROID
AND
ANDROID ARCHITECTURE
SUBMITTED BY:AKSHITAVARSHNEY
B.TECH [CS1] 3rd Yr
CS2011020
WHAT IS ANDROID: It is a open source software platform and operating system for
mobile devices
Based on the Linux kernel
Developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance
(OHA)
Allows writing managed code in the Java language
Android has its own virtual machine i.e. DVM (Dalvik Virtual
Machine), which is used for executing the android application.
Android is a free downloadable open source software stack for
mobile devices that include an Operating system.
OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE: The open handset alliance (OHA) is a business alliance of firm
to develop open standard for mobile devices.
Devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices
Develop technologies that will significantly lower the cost of
developing and distributing mobile devices and services.
ANDROID VERSION: Android 1.0 (Angel Cake)-The first version of the open source
software was released back in 2008.
Android 1.1 (Battenberg)-In Feb 2009, version 1.1
Android 1.5 (Cupcake)-Launched in April 2009
Android 1.6 (Donut)-released in September 2009
Android 2.0 / 2.1 (clair)-released in 26 October 2009 and
January 2010
Android 2.2 (Froyo) frozen yogurt:-Released in the summer of
2010
Android 2.3 (Gingerbread):- Gingerbread landed by the end of
2010
Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) :- For the first time Google released
a software that was totally focused on tablets. This version,
released in July/august 2011
Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0) -released in October
2011
Android 4.1 (jelly bean4.1) -released in 26th June 2012
ANDROID ARCHITECTURE:The software stack is split into Four Layers: The application layer
The application framework
The libraries and runtime
The kernel
NATIVE LIBRARIES: Android has its own libraries, which is written in C/C++. These
libraries cannot be accessed directly. With the help of
application framework, we can access these libraries. There are
Android Run Time: Dalvik virtual machine- The Android Runtime was designed
specifically for Android to meet the needs of running in an
embedded environment where you have limited battery,
limited memory, limited CPU.
Dalvik is the process virtual machine in Google's android
operating system. It is the software that runs the apps on
android devices. Dalvik is thus an integral part of android,
which is typically used on mobile devices such as mobile
phones and tablet computers.
Programs are commonly written in java and compiled to byte
code.
Core libraries- This is in blue, meaning that it's written in the
Java programming language.
The core library contains all of the collection classes, utilities, IO,
all the utilities and tools that youve come to expected to use.
Application Framework: This is all written in a Java programming language and the
application framework is the toolkit that all applications use.
These applications include the ones that come with a phone like the
home applications, or the phone application.
SECURITY
Android is a multi-process system, in which each application
(and parts of the system) runs in its own process. Most security
between applications and the system is enforced at the process
level through standard Linux facilities, such as user and group
IDs that are assigned to applications.
FEATURES OF ANDROID:
CONCLUSION
We hope that the next versions of Android have overcome the actual
limitations and that the future possibilities became a reality and may
this software is also developed to use in PCs also.
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)
http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/android_overview.html
http://www.android.com
http://www2.dcsec.uni-hannover.de/files/android/p50-fahl.pdf
http://www.4shared.com/office/0RX_5-iE/file.html
Android overview,
http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/android_overview.html.
Architecture overview,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mm6Ju0xhUW