s bi ton gii theo phng php ion v h

phng trnh c s mol, khi lng khng ng

nht
Bi 1: Ho tan 8,5 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip
ca bng h thng tun hon vo nc c 1000ml dung dch C v 3,36 lt kh (o ktc).
a) Xc nh A, B v nng mol/lt ca cc ion c trong dung dch C.
b) Ly 500ml dung dch C cho tc dng vi 250ml dung dch cha hn hp H2SO4 0,1M v
HCl nng x (mol/l). Tnh x (Bit dung dch thu c sau phn ng c pH = 7).
Bi 2: Hn hp A gm Al, Fe v Mg. Cho 15,5 gam hn hp A vo 1 lt dung dch HNO3
2M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch B v 8,96 lt NO duy nht ( ktc).
Mt khc cho 0,05 mol A vo 500ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M thu c dung dch C.
Cho dung dch C tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta. Ly kt ta em
nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 2 gam cht rn.
a) Tnh thnh phn % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A.
b) Tnh th tch dung dch cha ng thi Ba(OH)2 0,2M v NaOH 0,1M cn cho vo
dung dch B thu c lng kt ta l ln nht? l b nht?
c) Tnh nng ca cc ion trong dung dch C (Coi th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k).
Bi 3: Cho 200ml dung dch gm (MgCl2 0,3M, AlCl3 0,45M, HCl 0,55M) tc dng hon
ton vi V lt dung dch C gm(NaOH 0,02M v Ba(OH)2 0,01M).
HSy tnh V thu c lng kt ta ln nht v lng kt ta nh nht. Tnh khi
lng kt ta trong tng trng hp (Gi s khi Mg(OH)2 kt ta ht th Al(OH)3 tan
trong kim khng ng k).
Bi 4: Ho tan hon ton 20 gam mt hn hp A gm MgO, CuO v Fe2O3 phi dng va
ht 350ml dung dch HCl 2M.
Mt khc nu ly 0,4 mol hn hp A t nng trong ng s (khng c khng kh) ri
thi mt lung H2 d i qua phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c m gam cht rn v
7,2 gam nc.
a) Tnh % theo khi lng cc cht trong A.
b) Tnh m.
c) Nu dng dung dch B cha ng thi H2SO4 0,3M v HCl 0,8M th cn dng bao
nhiu ml dung dch B ho tan va ht 20 gam hn hp A.

Bi 5: Dung dch A c V = 500ml cha cc ion (Ba2+, Na+, Cl-, NO3-), chia A lm 3 phn
bng nhau:
Phn 1: Thm Na2SO4 d thu c 4,66 gam kt ta.
Phn 2: Thm AgNO3 d thu c 5,74 gam kt ta.
Phn 3: em c cn thu c 6,71 gam mui.
Tnh CM ca cc ion trong dung dch A?
Bi 6: Ho tan a gam hn hp Na2CO3 v K2CO3 vo H2O c 55,4ml dung dch A (d =
1,0822 g/ml). Cho t t dung dch HCl 0,1M n khi thot ra 1,1 gam kh th dng li, c
dung dch B. Cho B tc dng vi nc vi trong, d thu c 1,5 gam kt ta.
a) Tnh a.
b) Tnh nng phn trm mi mui trong A.
c) Tnh th tch HCl 0,1M S dng.
Bi 7: Mt dung dch X c cha cc ion Ca2+, Al3+, Cl-. lm kt ta ht ion Cl- trong
10ml dung dch phi dng ht 70ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Mt khc khi c cn 100ml
dung dch X thu c 35,55 gam hn hp 2 mui khan. Tnh nng mol/l mi mui
trong dung dch X.
Bi 8: Cho mt dung dch X c cha ion Zn2+, Fe3+, SO42-.
a) Cn pha trn cc mui ZnSO4 , Fe2(SO4)3 theo t l mol nh th no s mol Zn2+,
Fe3+ trong dung dch X bng nhau.
b) Ly 100ml dung dch X. Thm vo 350ml dung dch NaOH 2M th to kt ta ht
ion Zn2+, Fe3+. Nu thm tip 200ml dung dch NaOH 2M th 1 kt ta tan ht, cn li
1 kt ta mu nu . Tnh CM ca mi mui trong dung dch ban u.
Bi 9: Mt kim loi M tc dng vi HNO3 loSng thu c M(NO3)3 , H2O v hn hp kh X
gm 2 kh khng mu, khng ho nu trong khng kh. Khi ho tan hon ton 2,16 gam
M trong 0,5 lt dung dch HNO3 0,6M thu c 604,8ml hn hp kh X (ktc) c t khi
i vi H2 l 18,45 v dung dch D.
Mt khc ho tan hon ton 8,638 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k lin
tip vo 0,4 lt dung dch HCl cha bit nng thu c 3427,2ml H2 (ktc) v dung
dch E. Trn dung dch D vi dung dch E thu c 2,34 gam kt ta.
a) Xc nh kim loi M v 2 kim loi kim.
b) Xc nh nng mol/l ca dung dch HCl.

Bi 10: C 1 lt dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 0,1 mol/l v (NH4)2CO3 0,25 mol/l. Cho 43 gam
hn hp bari clorua v canxi clorua vo dung dch . Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu
c 39,7 gam kt ta A v dung dch B.
a) Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong A.
b) Chia dung dch B thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
c) Cho axit HCl d vo mt phn, sau c cn dung dch v nung cht rn cn li ti
khi lng khng i c cht rn X. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong X.
d) un nng phn th hai ri thm t t 270ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M vo. Hi tng khi
lng ca 2 dung dch gim ti a bao nhiu gam? (Gi s nc bay hi khng ng k)
Bi 11: a) t 2 cc A, B c khi lng bng nhau ln 2 a cn: cn thng bng. Cho 10,6
gam Na2CO3 vo cc A v 11,82 gam BaCO3 vo cc B sau thm 12 gam dung dch
H2SO4 98% vo cc A, cn mt thng bng. Nu thm t t dung dch HCl 14,6% vo cc
B cho ti khi cn tr li thng bng th tn ht bao nhiu gam dung dch HCl? (Gi s
H2O v axit bay hi khng ng k).
b) Sau khi cn thng bng, ly 1/2 lng cc cht trong cc B cho vo cc A: cn mt
thng bng:
- Hi phi thm vo bao nhiu gam nc vo cc B cn tr li thng bng?
- Nu khng dng nc m dng dung dch HCl 14,6% th phi thm bao nhiu gam
dung dch axit?
Bi 12: Ho tan a gam hn hp Na2CO3 v KHCO3 vo nc c 400ml dung dch A.
Cho t t 100ml dung dch HCl 1,5M vo dung dch A, thu c dung dch B v 1,008 lt
kh (ktc). Cho B tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d thu c 29,55 gam kt ta.
a) Tnh a.
b) Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch A (B qua s cho nhn proton ca cc
ion HCO3- v CO32-).
c) Nu ngi ta dung dch A vo bnh ng 100ml dung dch HCl 1,5M. Tnh th tch
kh CO2 (ktc) c to ra.
Bi 13: Dung dch A cha cc ion Na+, NH4+, SO42-, CO32-.
a) Dung dch c iu ch t 2 mui trung ho no?
b) Chia dung dch A thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn th nht cho tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, un nng, ta thu c 4,3 gam
kt ta X v 470,4ml kh Y 13,5oC v 1atm.
- Phn th hai cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 235,2 ml kh 13,5oC v 1atm.
Tnh tng khi lng cc mui trong 1/2 dung dch A.
c) Ly kh Y cho vo bnh chu p sut c dung tch khng i 0,1 lt v nung nng bnh
ti 819oC th p sut trong bnh l 26,88 atm. Tnh % th tch cc kh trong bnh lc
(Gi s p sut thc t v l thuyt nh nhau).
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Bi 14: A l dung dch H2SO4, B l dung dch NaOH. Trn 0,3 lt B vi 0,2 lt A ta c 0,5
lt dung dch C. Ly 20ml dung dch C, thm mt t qu tm vo thy c mu xanh. Sau
thm t t dung dch HCl 0,05M ti khi qu i thnh mu tm thy ht 40ml axit.
Trn 0,2 lt B vi 0,3 lt A ta c 0,5 lt dung dch D. Ly 20ml dung dch D, thm
mt t qu tm vo thy c mu . Sau thm t t dung dch NaOH 0,1M ti khi qu
i thnh mu tm thy ht 80ml xt.
a) Tnh nng mol ca cc dung dch A v B.
b) Trn VB lt NaOH vo VA lt H2SO4 trn ta thu c dung dch E. Ly V ml dung
dch E cho tc dng vi 100ml dung dch BaCl2 0,15M c kt ta F. Mt khc ly V
ml dung dch E cho tc dng vi 100ml dung dch AlCl3 1M c kt ta G. Nung F
hoc G nhit cao n khi lng khng i th u thu c 3,262 gam cht rn.
Tnh t l VB : VA ?
Bi 15: Ho tan 2,84 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A v B k tip nhau
trong phn nhm chnh nhm II bng 120ml dung dch HCl 0,5M thu c 0,896 lt kh
CO2 (o 54,6 oC v 0,9 atm) v dung dch X.
a) Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca A v B.
b) Tnh khi lng mui to thnh trong dung dch X.
c) Tnh % khi lng ca mi mui trong hn hp ban u.
d) Nu cho ton b kh CO2 hp th bi 200ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 th nng ca
Ba(OH)2 l bao nhiu thu c 3,94 gam kt ta?
e) Pha loSng dung dch X thnh 200ml, sau cho thm 200ml dung dch Na2SO4 0,1M.
Bit rng khi lng kt ta BSO4 khng tng thm na th tch s nng ca cc ion
B2+ v SO42- trong dung dch bng: [B2+].[SO42-] = 2,5.10-5. HSy tnh lng kt ta thc
t c to ra.
Bi 16: Nung nng m gam hn hp A gm CuCO3 v MCO3 mt thi gian ta thu c m1
gam cht rn A1 v V lt CO2 bay ra ( ktc).
Cho V lt CO2 ny hp th hon ton vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol NaOH, sau cho
thm CaCl2 d vo thy to thnh 15 gam kt ta. Mt khc em ho tan A1 bng dung
dch HCl d thu c dung dch B v 1,568 lt CO2 ( ktc). Tin hnh in phn (vi
in cc tr) dung dch B ti khi catt bt u thot kh th dng li, thy ant thot ra
2,688 lt kh ( ktc), c cn dung dch sau in phn, ri ly mui khan em in phn
nng chy th thu c 4 gam kim loi catt.
a) Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca M.
b) Tnh khi lng m v m1.

Bi 17: Ho tan 115,3 gam hn hp X gm MgCO3 v RCO3 bng 500ml dung dch H2SO4
loSng ta thu c dung dch A, cht rn B v 4,48 lt CO2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch A th
thu c 12 gam mui khan. Mt khc em nung cht rn B ti khi lng khng i th
thu c 11,2 lt CO2 ( ktc) v cht rn B1.
a) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch H2SO4 S dng.
b) Tnh khi lng ca B v B1.
c) Tnh khi lng nguyn t R, bit trong hn hp u s mol ca RCO3 gp 2,5 ln s
mol ca MgCO3.
Bi 18: Cho 27,4 gam bari kim loi vo 500 gam dung dch hn hp (NH4)2SO4 1,32% v
CuSO4 2% v un nng ui ht NH3.
Sau khi kt thc tt c cc phn ng ta thu c kh A, kt ta B v dung dch C.
a) Tnh th tnh kh A ( ktc).
b) Ly ht kt ta B ra sch v nung nhit cao ti khi lng khng i th thu c
bao nhiu gam cht rn?
c) Tnh nng % ca cht tan trong C.
Bi 19: Ho tan mt mu hp kim Ba - Na (vi t l s mol nBa : nNa = 1 : 1) vo nc c
dung dch A v 6,72 lt kh ( ktc).
a) Cn dng bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 0,1M trung ho 1/10 dung dch A?
b) Cho 56 ml CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht 1/10 dung dch A. Tnh khi lng kt ta to thnh.
c) Thm m gam NaOH vo 1/10 dung dch A ta c dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc
dng vi 100ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,2M, c kt ta C. Tnh m cho lng kt
ta C l ln nht, b nht. Tnh khi lng kt ta ln nht, b nht.
Bi 20: Cho 3,87 gam hn hp A gm Mg v Al vo 250ml dung dch X cha axit HCl 1M
v H2SO4 0,5M, c dung dch B v 4,368 lt H2 (ktc).
a) HSy chng minh rng trong dung dch B vn cn d axit.
b) Tnh % khi lng kim loi trong hn hp A.
c) Tnh th tch dung dch C gm NaOH 0,02M v Ba(OH)2 0,01M cn trung ho ht
lng axit d trong B.
d) Tnh th tch ti thiu ca dung dch C (vi nng trn) tc dng vi dung dch B
c lng kt ta nh nht. Tnh lng kt ta .
Bi 21: ho tan hon ton 50ml hn hp X gm HCl v H2SO4 cn 20ml NaOH 0,3M.
C cn dung dch sau khi trung ho thu c 0,381 gam hn hp mui (kh).
a) Tnh nng mol ca mi axit trong hn hp X.
b) Tnh pH ca hn hp X, nu coi H2SO4 phn ly hon ton thnh ion.
c) Tnh s gam ti a hn hp Cu - Mg cha 20% Mg c th ho tan hon ton trong
150ml dung dch X.
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Bi 22: C 600ml dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 v NaHCO3. Thm 5,64 gam hn hp K2CO3 v
KHCO3 vo dung dch trn, th c dung dch A (gi s th tch dung dch A vn l 600ml).
Chia dung dch A thnh 3 phn bng nhau:
- Cho rt t t 100ml dung dch HCl vo phn th nht, thu c dung dch B v 448ml
kh (o ktc) bay ra. Thm nc vi trong (d) vo dung dch B thy to thnh 2,5
gam kt ta.
- Phn th hai tc dng va vi 150ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M.
- Cho kh HBr (d) i qua phn th ba, sau c cn th thu c 8,125 gam mui khan.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng di dng ion.
b) Tnh nng mol ca cc mui trong dung dch A v ca dung dch HCl S dng.
Bi 23: Hn hp A gm M2CO3 , MHCO3 , MCl (M l kim loi kim).
Cho 43,71 gam A tc dng ht vi V ml (d) dung dch HCl 10,52% (d = 1,05 g/ml)
thu c dung dch B v 17,6 gam kh C. Chia B lm hai phn bng nhau.
- Phn 1: phn ng va vi 125 ml dung dch KOH 0,8M, c cn dung dch thu c
m gam mui khan.
- Phn 2: tc dng hon ton vi AgNO3, d thu c 68,88 gam kt ta trng.
a) Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca M.
b) Tnh % v khi lng cc cht trong A.
c) Tnh gi tr ca V v m.
d) Ly 10,93 gam hn hp A ri nung nh n khi khng cn kh thot ra. Cho kh thu
c qua 250ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh trong
dung dch thu c.
Bi 24: Cho t t kh CO qua ng ng 3,2 gam CuO nung nng. Kh ra khi ng c hp
th hon ton vo nc vi trong d thy to thnh 1 gam kt ta. Cht rn cn li trong
ng s cho vo cc ng 500ml dung dch HNO3 0,16M thu c V1 lt kh NO v cn
mt phn kim loi cha tan ht. Thm tip vo cc 760ml dung dch HCl nng
2
mol/l, sau khi phn ng xong thu thm V2 lt kh NO. Sau thm tip 12 gam Mg vo
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cc. Sau khi phn ng xong thu c V3 lt hn hp kh H2 v N2, dung dch mui clorua
v hn hp M ca cc kim loi.
a) Tnh cc th tch V1, V2, V3. (Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, cc th tch kh o ktc).
b) Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp M.
Bi 25: Mt dung dch c cha 2 cation l Fe2+ (0,1 mol) v Al3+ (0,2 mol) v 2 anion l Cl(x mol) v SO42- (y mol). Tnh x v y bit khi c cn dung dch th thu c 46,9 gam cht
rn khan.
(Trch TTS vo Trng HQG TPHCM nm 1999/2000)
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Bi 26: Ho tan 63,8 gam hn hp BaCl2 v CaCl2 vo 500ml gam H2O c dung dch A.
Thm 500ml dung dch Na2CO3 1,4M vo dung dch A. Sau phn ng thu c 59,4 gam
kt ta v dung dch B.
a) Tnh nng % ca mi mui trong dung dch A.
b) Thm vo dung dch B mt lng va dung dch HCl 0,5M (d = 1,05 g/ml) thu c
dung dch C. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M S dng v nng % mi mui trong
dung dch C.
(Trch TTS vo Trng HDL Phng ng nm 1999/2000)
Cu 27: Cho 1,92 gam Cu vo 100ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,16M v H2SO4
0,4M thy sinh ra mt cht kh c t khi hi so vi H2 l 15 v thu c dung dch A.
a) Vit phng trnh ion thu gn ca phn ng xy ra v tnh th tch kh sinh ra ( ktc).
b) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5M ti thiu cn dng kt ta ton b Cu2+ trong
dung dch A.
(Trch TTS vo Trng HQG TPHCM nm 2000/2001)
Bi 28: Ho tan 5,37 gam hn hp gm 0,02 mol AlCl3 v mt mui Halogenua ca kim
loi M ho tr 2 vo nc, thu c dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng va vi
200ml dung dch AgNO3 thu c 14,35 gam kt ta. Lc ly dung dch, cho tc dng vi
NaOH d thu c kt ta B. Nung kt ta B n khi lng khng i c 1,6 gam
cht rn.
Mt khc, nhng mt thanh kim loi D ho tr 2 vo dung dch A. Sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton khi lng thanh kim loi D tng 0,16 gam (Gi thit ton b thanh kim
loi M thot ra bm vo thanh kim loi D).
a) Cho bit cng thc c th ca mui Halogenua kim loi M.
b) D l kim loi g?
c) Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch AgNO3.
(Trch TTS vo Vin i hc m H Ni nm 2000/2001 )
Bi 29: HSy xc nh khi lng cc mui c trong dung dch A cha cc ion Na+, NH4+,
SO42-, CO32-, bit khi cho A tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d v un nng thu c 0,34 gam kh
c th lm xanh giy qu m v 4,3 gam kt ta. Cn khi cho A tc dng vi H2SO4 d th
thu c 0,224 lit kh (ktc).
(Trch TTS vo Hc vin K thut Qun s nm 2000/2001)
Cu 30: Trn dung dch A cha NaOH v dung dch B cha Ba(OH)2 theo th tch bng
nhau c dung dch C. Trung ho 100ml dung dch C cn dng ht 35ml dung dch
H2SO4 2M v thu c 9,32 gam kt ta. Tnh nng CM (mol/l) cc dung dch A v B.
(Trch TTS vo trng HBKHN nm 1998/1999)
Cu 31: Cho dung dch NaOH c pH=13 (dung dchA).
a) Cn pha loSng dung dch A bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch B c pH=12.
b) Cho 1,177 gam mui NH4Cl vo 200ml dung dch B v un si dung dch sau lm
ngui v thm mt t phenolphtalein vo. Hi dung dch c mu g?
(Trch TTS vo trng H Dc H Ni nm 1998/1999)
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