UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

MEMB331 MACHINE DESIGN & CAD LAB

SEMESTER 2 2016/2017

LAB 1: SLIDER CRANK CHAIN

EXPERIMENT
SECTION 4
GROUP 4

MOHD NAZIM BIN JAMALI

ME094660

SASIDEVAN A/L MUNUSAMY

ME096493

DENNIS BIN ABDUL ADAM

LIONELL NITHIYA A/L NITHIYA SAGAYA
SEELAN

ME095476

Performed Date

Due Date

ME095508

Submitted Date

15/11/2016

22/11/2016

22/11/2016

SUMMARY & OBJECTIVES

The Slider Crank Chain are an example of the two essential instruments
which frame the fundamental for numerous more convoluted movements.
In this experiment, the main aim is to come by a graph for velocity of
piston against angle of crank by utilizing the technique of
instantaneous centers (the crank are assumed to rotate at an angular
velocity that is constant). Next, the focus is to acquire the angle of
crank that relates to the maximum velocity of piston and also to
demonstrate that for a slider crank chain, the motion of piston
approaches simple harmonic motion with ascending connecting
rod values or ratio of the crank. The experiment is initiated with a
connecting rod of 115mm length. Cross scale readings and piston
displacement are recorded for every 10 increment of crank rotation. Then,
connecting rods of lengths 130mm and 175mm are tested with similar
steps.
During the analysis, it was noted that graph obtained for piston
displacement versus crank angle was a bell shaped graph. Then, it was
observed that the maximum piston displacement occurs at a crank angle
of 90 where the piston velocity is perpendicular to this value. Therefore,
the maximum velocity also occurs at a crank angle of 90. Meanwhile, the
maximum acceleration occurs between the crank angle of 10 and 40 as
well as at 360. So, the rod length of 115 mm and 175mm gave a
maximum acceleration of 0.9 mm/s 2, while rod length of 130mm gave a
maximum acceleration of 1mm/s2. A sinusoidal graph was obtained; hence
it is safe to assume that the piston have a motion of a simple harmonic
motion. Overall, the acceleration of the piston is proportional to the
velocity of the piston which in resulted in a Simple Harmonic Motion.

Result & Observation

Length of connecting rod: 115 mm
Radius of crank: 35 mm
Ratio of crank: 3.29

Crank Angle
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360

Piston Displacement, mm
60
61
62
65
69
75
80
87
92
99
105
111
116
120
124
128
129
130
130
130
130
127
125
122
118
114
108
101
95
90
81
78
72
68
64
61
60

Length of connecting rod: 130 mm

Radius of crank: 45 mm
Ratio of crank: 3.71

Piston Velocity, mm/s

44
50
58
64
69
74
76
78
78
77
75
71
68
64
60
56
52
48
44
41
38
33
30
27
24
20
16
13
12
12
13
14
19
22
30
36
45

Piston Acceleration, mm/s

0
0.6
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.2
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.4
-0.3
-0.4
-0.4
-0.4
-0.4
-0.4
-0.4
-0.3
-0.3
-0.5
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.4
-0.4
-0.3
-0.1
0
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.8
0.6
0.9

Crank Angle
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360

Piston Displacement, mm
44
45
47
50
54
59
64
71
76
83
90
96
101
105
109
111
113
114
115
115
114
113
110
107
103
98
92
85
80
74
67
62
57
52
49
47
46

Length of connecting rod: 175 mm

Radius of crank: 35 mm
Ratio of crank: 5.0

Piston Velocity, mm/s

44
50
58
64
70
73
77
79
79
78
75
72
69
65
61
58
53
49
45
40
37
34
29
26
23
19
15
12
12
12
13
15
18
23
30
35
45

Piston Acceleration, mm/s

0
0.6
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
0
-0.1
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.4
-0.4
-0.3
-0.5
-0.4
-0.4
-0.5
-0.3
-0.3
-0.5
-0.3
-0.3
-0.4
-0.4
-0.3
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.3
1

Crank Angle
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360

Piston Displacement, mm
0
1
2
4
8
13
18
24
31
37
43
49
54
59
63
66
68
69
70
70
70
68
66
61
57
53
46
40
35
27
23
17
12
8
4
2
0

Piston Velocity, mm/s

45
50
58
64
69
73
76
78
78
78
76
74
71
67
63
58
54
50
45
40
36
32
28
24
21
18
14
13
12
11
12
15
18
23
29
35
44

Calculation of Result
Ratio = Connecting Rod Length / Crank Radius
= 115 mm / 35 mm
= 3.29

Piston Acceleration, mm/s

0
0.5
0.3
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0
0
-0.2
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.4
-0.5
-0.4
-0.4
-0.5
-0.5
-0.4
-0.4
-0.4
-0.4
-0.3
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
-0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.9

Piston Acceleration = (Piston Velocity, i - Piston Velocity, i+1) / 10s

= (50mm/s 45mm/s) / 10s
= 0.5 mm/s

Graph

Discussion
1. Based on the data collected, the graph obtained for displacement of
the piston versus angle of crank was a graph with a bell shaped.
Based on this graph that we have plotted, we can be observed that
the displacement of piston is at the maximum value when the angle
of crank is at 90. The reason is because the velocity of the piston is
perpendicular to the displacement of the piston at the angle of the
crank of 90. Next, based on the graph obtained for the velocity of
the piston versus angle of the crank, the resulting line on the graph
has the shape of sinusoidal. Furthermore, it can be observed that
the velocity of the piston is at maximum when the angle of the
crank is at 90 and the velocity of the piston is at minimum when
the crank angle is at 270. Lastly, based on the graph obtained for
acceleration of the piston against the angle of the crank, the shape
of the graph is generally similar to the sinusoidal graph but has an
inconsistent or fluctuating data for the acceleration of the crank.

2. Simple Harmonic Motion is where a particular point travels in a path

where the acceleration is corresponding to its displacement from a

stationary point in its path. This type of motion, displays a single

resonant frequency and sinusoidal in time.

3. The maximum velocity of the piston takes place at 90 because the

velocity of the piston is perpendicular to the piston displacement at
this particular point.

4. The increase in the ratio of the crank will certainly effect the
displacement of the piston by the rod. As the length of the
connecting rod increases the displacement of the piston is shorter.
However, the piston velocity and acceleration is not affected by the
increase in ratio. Furthermore, as the ratio increases, simple
harmonic motion can be achieved.

5. Theoretically, the maximum piston acceleration should occur when

the crank angle is at 180. However in this experiment, the
maximum piston acceleration occurs in between 10 and 40, it also
occurs again at 360.

6. For the 115 mm and 175 mm rod length, the maximum acceleration
is at 0.9 mms-2. Whereas for the 130 mm rod length, the maximum
piston acceleration is at 1 mms-2

7. Maximum acceleration of piston and the velocity of the piston does

not occur at the same angle in this experiment. However the piston
acceleration is proportional to the piston velocity and this case can
be authenticated by the simple harmonic motion.

Conclusion
In this experiment, we determined that the maximum piston displacement
occurs at a crank angle of 90 where the piston velocity is perpendicular
to this value. Therefore, the maximum velocity also occurs at a crank
angle of 90.
Overal the result that we have obtained are a sinusoidal graph with some
fluctuating data from the error. Hence, the motion of these piston is a
Simple Harmonic Motion. To achieve a more accurate Simple Harmonic

Motion, the ratio of the rod length and piston displacement should be
increase.
From all these result and calculation, we found out that the maximum
acceleration occurs between the crank angle of 10 and 40 as well as at
360. So, the rod length of 115 mm and 175mm gives a maximum
acceleration of 0.9 mms-2, while rod length of 130mm give a maximum
acceleration of 1mms-2.
In conclusion, the acceleration of piston is proportional to the velocity of
piston creating a Simple Harmonic Motion.

References
[1] Simple Harmonic Motion. 2009.
http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/shm.html
[2] Introduction to Harmonic Motion.
2010.

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/mechanical-waves-andsound/simple-harmonic-motion-with-calculus/v/introduction-to-harmonicmotion

Appendix

The Slider Crank Chain apparatus that are used in this experiment.