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B NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN
GIO TRNH M UN
HNG DN SN XUT RAU AN

TON THEO HNG VIET GAP
M S: 01
NGH: TRNG RAU AN TON
Trnh : S cp ngh
H ni: 2010
TUYN B BN QUYN:
Ti liu ny thuc loi sch gio trnh nn cc ngun thng tin c th c
php dng nguyn bn hoc trch dng cho cc mc ch v o to v tham
kho.
Mi mc ch khc mang tnh lch lc hoc s dng vi mc ch kinh
doanh thiu lnh mnh s b nghim cm.
M TI LIU: M 01
LI GII THIU
Pht trin chng trnh dy ngh trnh s cp nhm p ng nhu cu
o to ngh nng nghip cho lao ng nng thn giai on 2009 2015 ca
B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn, l nhu cu cp thit ca cc c s o
to ngh. i tng ngi hc l lao ng nng thn, a dng v tui tc, trnh
vn ho v kinh nghim sn xut. V vy, chng trnh dy ngh cn kt
hp mt cch khoa hc gia vic cung cp nhng kin thc l thuyt vi k
nng, thi ngh nghip. Trong , ch trng phng php o to nhm xy
dng nng lc v cc k nng thc hin cng vic ca ngh theo phng chm
o to da trn nng lc thc hin.
Sau khi tin hnh hi tho DACUM di s hng dn ca cc t vn
trong v ngoi nc cng vi s tham gia ca cc ch trang tri, cng ty v cc
nh trng rau, chng ti xy dng s DACUM, thc hin bc phn tch
ngh v son tho chng trnh o to ngh trng k thut trng rau an ton
cp cng nhn lnh ngh. Chng trnh c kt cu thnh 6 m un v sp
xp theo trt t l gc nhm cung cp nhng kin thc v k nng t c bn n
chuyn su v k thut trng rau an ton.
Chng trnh o to ngh Trng rau an ton cng vi b gio trnh
c bin son tch hp nhng kin thc, k nng cn c ca ngh, cp
nht nhng tin b ca khoa hc k thut v thc t sn xut rau an ton ti cc
a phng trong c nc, do c th coi l cm nang cho ngi , ang v
s trng rau an ton.
B gio trnh gm 6 quyn:
1) Gio trnh m un Hng dn sn xut rau an ton theo hng Viet GAP
2) Gio trnh m un Chun b iu kin cn thit trng rau an ton
3) Gio trnh m un Trng rau nhm n l
4) Gio trnh m un Trng rau nhm n qu
5) Gio trnh m un Trng rau nhm n c
6) Gio trnh m un Tiu th sn phm rau an ton
hon thin b gio trnh ny chng ti nhn c s ch o, hng
dn ca V T chc cn b B Nng nghip v PTNT; Tng cc dy ngh B Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi. S hp tc, gip ca Vin rau qu,
b mn cy rau Trng i hc nng nghip H Ni. ng thi chng ti cng
nhn c cc kin ng gp ca cc nh khoa hc, cn b k thut ca cc
Vin, Trng, c s sn xut rau an ton, Ban Gim Hiu v cc thy c gio
Trng Cao ng Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn Bc B. Chng ti xin
c gi li cm n n V T chc cn b B Nng nghip v PTNT, Tng
cc dy ngh, Ban lnh o cc Vin, Trng, cc c s sn xut, cc nh khoa
hc, cc cn b k thut, cc thy c gio tham gia ng gp nhiu kin

qu bu, to iu kin thun li hon thnh b gio trnh ny.
Gio trnh Hng dn sn xut rau an ton theo hng Viet GAP gii
thiu khi qut v cc mi nguy nh hng ti cy rau, cc bin php loi tr v
gim thiu mi nguy, ghi s sch theo di qu trnh trng v chm sc cy rau.
Trong qu trnh bin son chc chn khng trnh khi nhng sai st,
chng ti mong nhn c nhiu kin ng gp ca cc nh khoa hc, cc
cn b k thut, cc ng nghip gio trnh hon thin hn.
Xin chn thnh cm n!
Tham gia bin son
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Phm Thanh Hi: Ch bin

o Hng Lan
C Xun Phng
Phng Trung Hiu
Nguyn Xun Dung
Nguyn Th Thy
MC LC
LI GII THIU ................................................................................................ 2
M UN: HNG DN SN XUT RAU THEO HNG VIET GAP ..... 1
BI 1: NH GI V LA CHN VNG SN XUT ............................... 1
Mc tiu: .............................................................................................................. 1
1. Phn tch v nhn din cc yu t nh hng ................................................. 1
1.1.D lng thuc bo v thc vt .................................................................... 2
1.2. Kim loi nng ............................................................................................... 2
1.3. Vi sinh vt gy hi ........................................................................................ 3
1.4. Sinh vt k sinh ............................................................................................ 3
2. Yu cu thc hnh theo Viet GAP .................................................................. 5
3. Bng mu ghi chp v theo di ....................................................................... 7
3.1. Mu ghi chp k hoch x l ri ro ............................................................. 7
3.2. Mu ghi chp nh gi vng sn xut .......................................................... 8
BI 2: GING RAU V GC GHP ............................................................. 11
1. Ging rau v gc ghp................................................................................... 11
1.1. Phn tch v nhn din cc yu t nh hng ........................................... 11
2.Yu cu thc hnh theo Viet GAP ................................................................. 12
3. Bng mu ghi chp v theo di ..................................................................... 14
BI 3: QUN L T V GI TH ............................................................ 16
1. Phn tch v nhn din cc yu t nh hng ............................................... 16
1.1. D lng thuc ha hc, kim loi nng ..................................................... 16
1.2. Sinh vt, vt k sinh ................................................................................... 17
2. Cc bin php nh gi, loi tr hoc gim thiu cc mi nguy .................. 17
3.1. Phn tch hin trng s dng t ................................................................ 18
3.2. Nht k x l t ........................................................................................ 19
BI 4: PHN BN V CHT B XUNG ..................................................... 20
1. Phn tch v nhn din mi nguy .................................................................. 20
1.1. Hm lng nitrat cao .................................................................................. 20
1.2. Hm lng kim loi nng (Asen, Ch, Thy ngn, Cadimi, ...) ................. 21
1.3. Cc sinh vt gy bnh (Vi khun, virut, v k sinh) .................................. 21
2. Yu cu thc hnh theo Viet GAP ................................................................ 21
2.1. Mua v tip nhn phn bn ........................................................................ 21
2.2. Bo qun v x l ...................................................................................... 22
3.2. Hng dn phn ...................................................................................... 23
4.4. S dng phn .............................................................................................. 23
3. Mu ghi chp ................................................................................................. 24
3.1. Mu ghi chp v vic s dng phn bn .................................................... 24
3.2. Mu ghi chp v mua phn bn v cht b sung ....................................... 24
3.3. Mu ghi chp v vic x l phn hu c ................................................... 25
BI 5: NGUN NC .................................................................................... 27
1. Phn tch v nhn din yu t nh hng ...................................................... 27

1.1. Ha hc, kim loi nng ............................................................................... 27
1.2. Cc sinh vt gy bnh ................................................................................. 28
2.1. Ngun nc ................................................................................................ 29
2.2. Bo dng ging v h thng cung cp nc ............................................ 30
2.3. S dng nc ti ...................................................................................... 31
3. Mu ghi chp bin php khc phc mi nguy t ngun nc ...................... 32
BI 6: HA CHT BO V THC VT V HA CHT KHC ............ 34
1. Phn tch v nhn din mi nguy .................................................................. 34
1.1. Ha cht bo v thc vt ............................................................................ 34
1.2. Cc ha cht khc ....................................................................................... 36
2.1. Mua v tip nhn thuc bo v thc vt ..................................................... 36
2.2. S dng thuc bo v thc vt ................................................................... 37
2.3. Sau khi s dng thuc ................................................................................ 38
3.1. Mu ghi chp v vic mua ho cht ........................................................... 38
3.1. Mu ghi chp v vic s dng thuc bo v thc vt ................................ 38
BI 7: THU HOCH V X L SAU THU HOCH .................................. 41
1. Phn tch v nhn din cc yu t nh hng ............................................... 41
1.1.Ha hc ........................................................................................................ 41
1.2. Sinh hc ...................................................................................................... 41
1.3. Vt l .......................................................................................................... 43
2.1. Thu hoch v ng gi trn ng rung..................................................... 43
2.2. S ch ng gi ti a im ng gi ....................................................... 45
3.1. Mu ghi chp v thu hoch ......................................................................... 46
3.2. Xut bn sn phm ..................................................................................... 46
TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................... 1
1
M UN: HNG DN SN XUT RAU THEO HNG VIET GAP
M m un: M 01
Gii thiu m un:
- M un hng dn sn xut rau theo hng viet gap trang b cho hc
vin cc kin thc c bn v nhn din cc yu t nh n cy rau, a ra cc
bin php qun l, theo di t lc chun b trng cho n khi bn sn phm rau.
BI 1: NH GI V LA CHN VNG SN XUT
M bi: M01 01
Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c cc nguyn nhn chnh nh hng n cht lng rau;
- p dng c cc bin php hn ch cc nguyn nhn chnh gy hi
n rau;
- Thc hin vic ghi chp, theo di nh gi, x l t;
- Tn trng cc nguyn tc trong sn xut rau an ton;
A. Ni dung chnh
1. Phn tch v nhn din cc yu t nh hng
- t sn xut b nhim do cc nguyn nhn:
+ D lng thuc bo v thc vt
+ Kim loi nng
+ Vi sinh vt gy hi
+ Sinh vt k sinh
D lng thuc
BVTV
Kim
loi nng
t sn xut
Vi sinh vt
gy hi
Sinh vt k sinh
S 1.1: Cc yu t nh hng n t sn xut
2
1.1.D lng thuc bo v thc vt
- D lng thuc bo v thc vt l g?
+ l cc loi cht c hi tn ti trong t gy nh hng n
cy rau.
- Nguyn nhn no m cht c hi tn ti trong t, nc ?
+ Do phun thuc bo v thc vt cho cy trng qu nhiu
+ Do cht thi nh my ha cht, khu cng nghip, bnh vin...
+ Do r r ha cht
Hinh1.1: Phun thuc tr su ln rau
Hnh 1.2: Nc thi nh my
- t tn ti cht c hi c nh hng g n cy rau?

+ Cy rau ht t cc cht c qua nc lm cho cy rau c cht
c gy nh hng n ngi tiu dng
- Ha cht bo v thc vt gy nh hng g n con ngi ?
+ Gy ng c
+ Gy bnh ung th phi, c chng, gan,...
- Cc loi rau chu nh hng nhiu nh l : Rau c rt, c ci,.
1.2. Kim loi nng
- Kim loi nng l g ?
+ l ch, cadimi, thy ngn, asen....
- Nguyn nhn kim loi nng tn ti trong t ?
+ Bn nhiu phn ha hc thi gian di
+ Nc, rc thi nh my cng nghip, bnh vin,....
- Hnh thc ly nhim kim loi nng vo trong rau
3
+ Rau ht cc kim loi nng thng qua nc
+ Ra rau trc tip ngun nc nhim (nc thi sinh hot, nh
my, bnh vin)
- Kim loi nng gy nh hng n con ngi
+ Si thn, mt, u gan c chng
Hnh 1.3: Bn tay b nhim Asen
Hnh 1.4: A Sen
1.3. Vi sinh vt gy hi
- Vi sinh vt l g?
+ l cc loi sinh vt gy hi Ecoli, Salmonela,....
- Nguyn nhn vi sinh vt c trong t
+ Ngun nc thi chn nui
+ Nc thi sinh hot, bnh vin
+ Nc thi t cc khu cng nghip
- Hnh thc ly nhim vi sinh vt vo rau
+ Vi sinh vt gy bnh sng trong t chng tip xc, tn ti trn
cy rau
+ Ra rau ngun nc nhim
- nh hng vi sinh vt n con ngi
+ Gy bnh thng hn, kit l, tiu chy cp,...
- Nhm rau n c, n l c nguy c nhim cao hn rau n qu
1.4. Sinh vt k sinh
- Sinh vt k sinh l?
+ Cc loi giun sn, ng vt nguyn sinh
- Nguyn nhn sinh vt k sinh c trong t nc
4
+ Nc thi sinh hot
+ Nc thi khu chn nui
- Hnh thc ly nhim sinh vt k sinh ln rau
+ t c ngun vi sinh vt gy nhim rau
+ Dng nc phn chung, nc thi sinh hot ti cho rau
+ Phn bc ti cho rau
+ i li ca vt nui
- nh hng sinh vt k sinh n con ngi
+ Gy tiu chy, ri lon tiu ha
- Nhn rau n c vi sinh vt nhim cao hn cc nhm rau khc
Hnh 1.5. Cc nguyn nhn gy nhim rau
5
2. Yu cu thc hnh theo Viet GAP
- La chn vng sn xut rau phi m bo ti u cho mi loi
+ Khng trng rau gn ng quc l
+ Xa khu trung c
+ Khng gn nh my cng nghip, bnh vin,...
- Tm hiu lch s vng t
+ Cy trng trc l g
+ Cc ngun nhim ln t trng
- Ly mu t, nc gi c quan c thm quyn phn tch
Bng 1.1. Mc gii hn ti a cho php ca kim loi nng i vi t
TT
Nguyn t
Mc gii hn ti a cho php

(mg/kg t kh)
Arsen (As)
12
Cadimi (Cd)
Ch (Pb)
70
ng (Cu)
50
Km (Zn)
200
* Nu kt qu phn tch cho thy mc nhim ca vng sn xut

vt mc ti a cho php th:
- Tm hiu nguyn nhn v xc nh bin php x l
- Ghi li cc thng tin v x l t theo mu 1b
- Dng vic la chn vng t nu khng c kh nng kim sot c
nhim theo nh gi ca cc chuyn gia k thut
6
Sau khi nh gi v phn tch nhim
Sn xut
bnh
thng
Xc nh nguyn nhn ->

Khc phc
VD: nhim bi vng lin k
-> to hng ro vt l, knh
mng lm chch i dng
nhim ti vng sn xut.
- Cch ly khu vc chn nui
Khng
sn
xut
* Cc bin php lm gim mi nguy sinh hc ln vng sn xut:

+ Cch ly vng sn xut vi khu vc chn th vt nui, chung tri chn
nui. Bin php tt nht l khng chn th vt nui trong vng sn xut v
trong cht thi ca vt nui c nhiu cc sinh vt c kh nng gy nhim
ngun t v nc ti.
+ Nu bt buc phi chn nui th phi c chung tri v cc bin php
x l cht thi ( hoai mc, s dng vi sinh vt hu hiu-EM, Biogas,) m
bo khng gy nhim mi trng sn xut v sn phm sau thu hoch.
- Cc bin php x l mi nguy ho hc thng l bin php oxy ho,
kim ho,.
7
3. Bng mu ghi chp v theo di
3.1. Mu ghi chp k hoch x l ri ro
V tr
Ngy nh gi
Ngi nh gi
Chc v
c im
Bin php
Ngi thc hin/
tc ng
thi gian thc hin
1. t
- Loi cy trng
- Loi t
2. Cy trng trc
3. Ngun nc, cht lng nc
- Cht lng b mt
- Cht lng nc ngm
- Ngun nc dng trong nm
4. Mc x l su bnh v c di
- Mc c di
- Mc su, bnh
5. Mc tc ng ln cy trng
6. Mi trng trang tri
- Hot ng ca khu cng nghip
- Rng, cy trng ng vt c bo tn
Tn: ...............................................................
Ch k: .........................................................
Ngy: ...........................................................
8
3.2. Mu ghi chp nh gi vng sn xut
Vi vng sn xut mi
V tr
Ngy nh gi
Ngi nh gi
Chc v
c im
1. t
- Loi cy trng
- Loi t
2. Cy trng trc
3. Ngun nc, cht
lng nc
- Cht lng b mt
- Cht lng nc
ngm
- Ngun nc dng
trong nm
4. Mc x l su
bnh v c di
- Mc c di
- Mc su, bnh
5. Mc tc ng
ln cy trng
Chi tit/
ngh
Loi ri ro
(an ton
thc phm,
mi trng,
an ton v
sc khe
ngi lao
ng)
Loi ri
do Khng th
Mc
x l ngn chn
Cng c
v x l
th x l D dng
x l
9
6. Mi trng trang
tri
- Hot ng ca khu
cng nghip
- Rng, cy trng
ng vt c bo
tn
Tn: ...............................................................
Ch k: .........................................................
Ngy: ...........................................................
B. Cu hi v bi tp thc hnh
Cu 1: V, m t con ng ly lan cht c ha hc t t ln cy rau v a
ra bin php x l?
- Ngun lc: Giy A0, bt mu cc loi
- Cch thc t chc: Chia lp thnh cc nhm nh (3 5 hc
vin/nhm), mi nhm nhn nhim v v m t con ng ly lan cht c ha
hc trn cy rau
- Thi gian hon thnh: 30 pht.
- Phng php nh gi: Cc nhm t nh gi, gio vin quan st
- Kt qu v sn phm cn t c: Bin php hn ch, x l cc cht
ha hc n ngun t
Cu 2: V, m t con ng ly lan kim loi nng t t ln cy rau v a ra
bin php x l ?
- Ngun lc: Giy A0 , bt mu cc loi
hc trn cy rau
- Kt qu v sn phm cn t c: Bin php hn ch, x l cc kim
loi nng n ngun t
10
Cu 3: V, m t con ng ly lan vi sinh vt gy hi t t ln cy rau v
a ra bin php x l ?
hc trn cy rau
- Kt qu v sn phm cn t c: Bin php hn ch, x l cc vi sinh
vt n ngun t
Cu 4: V, m t con ng ly lan sinh vt k sinh t t ln cy rau v a
ra bin php x l ?
hc trn cy rau
- Kt qu v sn phm cn t c: Bin php hn ch, x l cc vt k
sinh n ngun t
Cu 5: Ghi cc thng tin vo biu mu nh gi vng sn xut ?
- Ngun lc: Giy A4 , bt, khu vc a t
vin/nhm), mi nhm nhn nhim v quan st, iu tra, nh gi vng t
chun b cho sn xut
- Thi gian hon thnh: 4 gi.
- Phng php nh gi: Cc nhm t nh gi, gio vin quan st trnh
t lm ca ngi hc
- Kt qu v sn phm cn t c: Bng mu ghi chp thng tinh nh
gi vng sn xut
11
BI 2: GING RAU V GC GHP
M bi: M01 02
Mc tiu:
- Nhn bit cc yu t nh hng n ging rau v gc ghp;
- La chn c cc bin php nh gi, loi tr v gim thiu n ging rau
v gc ghp;
- Thc hin vic ghi chp v theo di ging rau t sn xut v mua ging;
- Thc hin nghim tc cc quy trnh sn xut rau theo hng Viet GAP.
A. Ni dung.
1. Ging rau v gc ghp
1.1. Phn tch v nhn din cc yu t nh hng
Hnh 2.1: Ht ging rau
Hnh 2.2: Cy ghp
- Yu t tc ng n ht ging rau v gc ghp

+ Ha hc
- Hnh thc ly nhim thuc ha
hc n ht ging rau v gc ghp l:
+ S dng cc ha cht
cm x l ht ging v phun ln
gc ghp
+ X l qu liu lng
- Cch thc ly nhim
Hnh: 2.3. Thuc ha hc
+ Ht ging v gc ghp tn d qu nhiu ha cht c hi v dn
n tn ti trong sn phm rau
12
2.Yu cu thc hnh theo Viet GAP
- Ging rau phi c ngun gc r rng
Hnh 2.4. Rau trng c ngun gc r rng

- Khng nn s dng ging khng r ngun gc
Hnh 2.5. Rau khng r ngun gc
13
- Ging t sn xut phi c h s ghi li y cc bin php x l ht
ging, cy con, ha cht s dng, thi gian, tn ngi x l v mc ch x l
Hnh 2.6: C s sn xut cy con ging

- Nu mua, phi c h s ghi r tn v a ch ca t chc, c nhn v
thi gian cung cp, s lng, chng loi, phng php x l ging
Hnh 2.7: C s sn xut cy con ging
14
- Ghi y thng tin
+ Ging
+ Nh cung cp
+ S lng
+ Ngy t hng (ngy yu cu v) ht ging,/cy ging
+ Ngy nhn c ht ging (Ngy cung cp)
+ Ngy s dng (gieo/trng)
+ Lu
- V d: Mu ghi chp v vt liu gieo trng
Ging
C chua
Ngy s
dng
Lu
S
lng
Ngy t
hng
Seminis
5gram
ht
2/08/2010
2/08/2010
12/08/2010
Trng
ngy
2/09/2010
1/09/2010
8/09/2010
18/09/2010
T l ny
mm 85
%
15/09/2010
25/11/2010
25/11/2010
Cy ghp
sng 95%
sau
5
ngy
VL 2910
Da
chut
CV5
Ngy nhn
c ht
ging
Nh
cung cp
Vin NC 50
rau qu
gram
ht
Phong
C
ging c thy
chua
Anna
1000
cy
( ngh)
B. Cu hi v bi tp
Cu 1: Nhn bit mt s loi ht ti trng rau tiu chun em trng,
gieo ht v xut mt s bin php x l ht ging
- Ngun lc: Cc ti ht ging rau c ngun gc v khng r ngun gc
- Cc thc t chc: chia nhm nh (3 - 5 hc vin/nhm), mi nhm
nhn 5 ti ht ging rau.
- Thi gian hon thnh: 10 pht/nhm
- Phng php nh gi: cho hc vin nhn din ti rau c ngun gc,
xut bin php x l ht ging.
- Kt qu v sn phm cn t c:
+ Xc nh ng chng loi ht rau c ngun gc
15
+ xut bin php x l ht ging
Cu 2: Nhn bit mt s loi cy gc ghp tiu chun em trng v xut
mt s bin php x l cy ging
- Ngun lc: Cc cy gc ghp rau c ngun gc v khng r ngun gc
- Cc thc t chc: chia nhm nh (3 - 5 hc vin/nhm), mi nhm
nhn 5 loi cy gc ghp c ngun gc.
- Thi gian hon thnh: 10 pht/nhm
- Phng php nh gi: cho hc vin nhn din cy gc ghp c ngun
gc, xut mt s bin php x l cy ging.
+ Xc nh ng cy gc ghp rau c ngun gc
+ xut mt s bin php x l cy ging
Cu 3: Ghi cc thng tin vo biu mu vt liu gieo trng?
- Ngun lc: Giy A4 , bt, khu vc a t
chun b cho sn xut
t lm ca ngi hc
16
BI 3: QUN L T V GI TH
M bi: M01 03
Mc tiu:
- Nhn din c cc yu t nh hng n t v gi th;
- p dng c cc bin php hn ch cc yu t nh hng n t
v gi th;
- Thc hin vic theo di nh gi, x l t v gi th;
- Thc hin nghim tc ng quy trnh theo Viet GAP.
A. Ni dung
Trc
Trong v sau
SN XUT
SN XUT
thc hin bi 1
nh gi nhng mi nguy i vi
t trng v gi th m chng c th
pht sinh trong qu trnh thc hin sn
xut rau theo VietGAP
* Mi nguy nh hng n t v gi th trng rau

+ Nguy c nhim pht sinh t bn trong: Thuc ha hc, kim
loi nng
+ Nguy c nhim pht sinh t bn ngoi: Chn nui, nc thi...
1.1. D lng thuc ha hc, kim loi nng
- Nguyn nhn thuc ha hc c trong t:
+ Phun qu nhiu thuc ha hc
+ S dng thuc ha hc cm s dng
+ Vt v bao b khng ng quy nh
+ D r ha cht vo t
- Nguyn nhn kim loi nng c trong t:
+ S dng lin tc phn bn ha hc
+ S dng nc thi nh my ha cht, bnh vin...
- Hnh thc ly nhim thuc ha hc, kim loi nng vo cy rau
+ Cy rau ht nc t trong t c nhim thuc ha hc, kim loi nng
+ Cy rau tip xc trc tip vi t c nhim ha hc v kim loi
nng
17
1.2. Sinh vt, vt k sinh
- Nguyn nhn cc sinh vt gy bnh, vt k sinh c trong t:
+ S dng phn ti cha qua x l
+ Phn ng vt t vt nui
+ S dng nc thi ti rau
Hnh 3.1 : S dng nc thi ti cho rau

- Hnh thc ly nhim cc sinh vt gy bnh, vt k sinh vo cy rau:
+ S dng phn ti, phn ng vt, nc thi ti cho rau
2. Cc bin php nh gi, loi tr hoc gim thiu cc mi nguy
- nh gi mi nguy
+ Phn tch hin trng: theo di v quy trnh sn xut v k thut
p dng
- Nu cn thit, ly mu t v gi th mt cch i din phn tch
nh gi mc nhim
- Da vo kt qu phn tch xc nh mc nhim
18
Bng 1: Gii hn hm lng tng s ca mt s kim loi nng
trong mt s loi t
n v tnh: mg/kg t kh
Thng s
t nng nghip
Asen (As)
12
Cadimi (Cd)
ng (Cu)
50
Ch (Pb)
70
Km (Zn)
200
- Khi xut hin cc mi nguy vt gii hn cho php cn tin hnh x l

+ S dng phn bn v ho cht hp l
+ Cch ly ng vt chn th (hng ro, knh mng )
+ Khng nui, th ng vt trong khu vc sn xut, s ch
+ S dng cc bin php chng xi mn, thoi ho t
3.1. Phn tch hin trng s dng t
Ghi y cc thng tin sau
+ Ngy
+ L
+ K thut trng trt
+ Cy trng
+ Ngy trng
+ Ngy kt thc thu hoch
+ Lu
V d: Mu ghi chp v sn xut v k thut p dng
Ngy
10/9/2010
A3
16/10/2010 A1
K thut
trng trt
Cy t
Cy
trng
Da
chut
Che ph t C chua
Ngy
trng
Ngy kt
thc thu
hoch
Lu
18/9/10 6/12/10
5/10/10 4/3/11
Hn ch
c di
19
3.2. Nht k x l t
- Ghi y thng tin sau
+ Ngy
+ Loi nhim (Tn ha cht, ph gia s dng)
+ S lng
+ Cch x l
+ Din tch
+ Thi tit s dng
V d: Nht k x l t nhim thuc bo v thc vt
Ngy
Loi
nhim
S lng
Cch x Din tch Thi tit

s dng
l
(m2
B. Cu hi v bi tp
Cu 1: Nhn bit mt s nguyn nhn gy nhim t trng rau v xut
mt s bin php x l ?
- Ngun lc: Thm quan m hnh trng rau khng an ton
- Cc thc t chc: chia nhm nh (3 - 5 hc vin/nhm), bo co kt
qu trc lp
- Thi gian hon thnh: 1gi/nhm
- Phng php nh gi: Gio vin quan st v nh gi kt qu ca cc
nhm
+ Xc nh ng cc nguyn nhn gy nhim
+ xut bin php x l gy nhim
Cu 2: Ghi cc thng tin vo biu mu nht k x l t nhim thuc bo v
thc vt?
- Ngun lc: Giy A4 , bt, khu vc vn trng rau
chun b cho sn xut
t lm ca ngi hc
- Kt qu v sn phm cn t c: Bng ghi chp x l t nhim
thuc bo v thc vt
20
BI 4: PHN BN V CHT B XUNG
M bi: M01 04
Mc tiu:
- Phn tch v nhn din cc yu t nh hng n phn bn v cht b sung;
- p dng c cc bin php hn ch cc yu t nh hng n phn bn;
- Thc hin vic theo di nh gi loi tr v gim thiu cc yu t nh
hng n cht lng rau;
- Thc hin nghim tc ng quy trnh theo Viet GAP
A. Ni dung:
1. Phn tch v nhn din mi nguy
1.1. Hm lng nitrat cao
- Hm lng nitrat trong sn phm cy rau qu nhiu gy nh hng
n sc khe con ngi
- Hm lng nitrat tn ti trong c th ngi gy nn ung th ng
tiu ha
- Nguyn nhn lm cho hm lng nitrat c trong rau cao:
+ Do bn qu nhiu m
+ Bn gn n ngy thu hoch
Hnh 4.1. Cm bn phn gn n ngy thu hoch

Hnh 4.1: Bn phn m gn n ngy thu hoch
- Hnh thc ly nhim nitrat vo trong cy rau
+ Trong t tn ti nhiu phn bn cy rau ht ln
21
1.2. Hm lng kim loi nng (Asen, Ch, Thy ngn, Cadimi, ...)
- Asen, Ch, Thy ngn, Cadimi,.... l nhng kim loi khi xm nhp
vo c th con ngi vi mc qu nhiu gy bnh si thn, mt, u gan c
chng,.
- Nguyn nhn kim loi nng c trong rau
+ Bn nhiu phn ha hc
+ S dng nc thi nh my, bnh vin,...
- Cc thc ly nhim
+ Cy rau ht t t cc loi kim loi nng
1.3. Cc sinh vt gy bnh (Vi khun, virut, v k sinh)
- Cc sinh vt gy hi nh vi khun Samolla, Colifoms, E.coli,... v vt
k sinh gy bnh tiu chy cp, giun sn, giun chui ng mt
- Nguyn nhn cc sinh vt c trong rau
+ Bn phn ti, phn chung,...cha qua x l
+ Phn cha t yu cu c mt s lng ln sinh vt gy bnh
- Cc thc ly nhim
+ Do tip xc vi phn trc tip khi bn phn chung cho rau
+ Ngun sinh vt c trong t
2.1. Mua v tip nhn phn bn
- Ch mua v nhn phn bn v cht bn b sung c cp php trong
danh mc
Hnh 4.2. Trang thng tin danh mc phn bn v cht b sung c s dng
22
- Mua phn hu c qua x l
- Phn ti (mua/ca nh) phi trn vi phng php thch hp
gim thiu mm bnh
Hnh 4.3. Phn chung qua x l

2.2. Bo qun v x l
Bo qun phn ha hc: ni thch hp trnh ly nhim cho sn phm,
ngun nc,... nn c kho bo qun
Phn hu c cn c bo qun v vn chuyn cn thn trnh nguy c
ly nhim cho sn phm.
Hnh 4.4. Bo qun phn hu c
23
3.2. Hng dn phn
Hng dn quy trnh phn ng vt, rc thi hu c ti trang tri
- La chn phng php thch hp: (o, m, nhit ,) m bo
gim thiu mm bnh c trong phn, rc thi.
- Ni phn cch xa ni sn xut, khng gy nhim ln sn phm,
ngun nc, (30-60 m xa cc ngun nc).
Ni phn v cch m bo hn ch hoc khng gy nn mi kh chu
cho trang tri hoc dn c xung quanh.
Ni phn phi c vch ngn vt l, mi che m bo khng gy pht
tn phn ra ngoi trong iu kin thi tit xu (ma, gi).
Dng c, con ngi tip xc vi phn phi c v sinh sch s trc
khi ra khu vc sn xut
4.4. S dng phn
- Ch s dng phn bn v cht bn b sung khi cn thit v theo yu cu
v dinh dng cy trng.
- Nu c th, nn trn phn bn v cht bn b sung vi t ngay sau khi
bn.
- Khng bn phn ln phn ngn ca cy rau.
o
Hnh 4.5. Phn chung kt hp vi phn m dng bn lt
- Rau c thi gian sinh trng nh hn 60 ngy, cn s dng phn hu
c trc khi gieo ht/trng cy v trn phn vi t.
- i vi rau c thi gian sinh trng ln hn 60 ngy, c th bn phn
sau trng v bn rch hng
24
- Dng bn m 20 ngy i vi rau n l
- Dng bn m 15 ngy i vi rau n c
- Dng c bn phn, cn iu chnh, bo dng v v sinh.
- Khng nn bn phn hu c hoc phn trong nhng ngy c gi to.
- Sau khi bn hoc x l phn hu c cn v sinh sch s giy ng, qun
o v chn tay trc khi sang nhng rung khc lm vic.
3. Mu ghi chp
3.1. Mu ghi chp v vic s dng phn bn
Cn ghi y thng tin sau:
+ Ngy
+ Cy trng
+ L
+ Din tch
+ Loi phn (phn bn)
+ S lng
+ Phng php bn
- V d: Mu ghi chp theo di phn bn cy c chua
Ngy
29/9/10
Cy
trng
Din
tch
C chua A3
400
Loi
phn
m
S
lng
2.5 kg
3.2. Mu ghi chp v mua phn bn v cht b sung

- Cn ghi y cc thng tin sau
+ Ngy, thng, nm
+ Tn phn bn
+ S lng
+ n gi
+ a ch bn hng
- Mu ghi chp
Phng
php
bn
Bn
thc
Lu
Bn ln
l gy
chy l
25
Ngy, thng,
nm
S
lng
Tn phn
bn
n gi
( Kg/lt)
( ng/kg,
lt)
Tn ngi, ca
hng/ i l bn v
a ch
3.3. Mu ghi chp v vic x l phn hu c

- Cn ghi y cc thng tin sau:
+ Ngy, thng, nm
+ Ngun ging hu c
+ S lng
+ Phng php x l
+ Thi gian c s dng
- Bng mu nh sau:
Ngy,
thng,
nm x
l
Ngun ging
hu c
S lng
( kg)
Phng php
x l
Thi gian
c s
dng
Tn ngi
thc hin
26
B. Cu hi v bi tp
Cu 1: phn chung (phn b) bng phng php nng
- Ngun lc: Phn b, vi, phn ln, cuc, xng, bn ao, rm d, dao.
- Cch thc t chc: chia nhm nh (5 7 hc vin/nhm), ng
phn/1 nhm
- Thi gian hon thnh: 2 gi/1 nhm.
- Phng php nh gi: quan st hc vin thc hnh, cho im theo
phiu nh gi k nng phn chung.
+ Phn chung c .
+ Thc hin cc bc phn chung ng quy trnh.
+ Mi nhm hon thnh c mt ng phn b
Cu 2: Ghi cc thng tin vo biu mu mua phn bn v cht b sung ?
- Ngun lc: Giy A4 , bt, phn ha hc
vin/nhm), mi nhm nhn nhim v quan st, theo di vic mua bn phn
bn v ghi chp vo trong s nht k
t lm ca ngi hc
Cu 3: Ghi cc thng tin vo biu mu x l phn hu c ?
- Ngun lc: Giy A4 , bt, phn hu c
vin/nhm), mi nhm nhn nhim v quan st, theo di vic x l phn hu
c v ghi chp vo trong s nht k
t lm ca ngi hc
27
BI 5: NGUN NC
M bi: M01 05
Mc tiu:
- Phn tch v nhn din cc yu t nh hng n t ngun nc;
- p dng c cc bin php hn ch cc yu t nh hng n
ngun nc;
- Thc hin vic theo di nh gi, loi tr v gim thiu cc yu t nh
hng n ngun nc
A. Ni dung
1. Phn tch v nhn din yu t nh hng
1.1. Ha hc, kim loi nng
- Nguyn nhn cc loi ha cht thuc bo v thc vt v kim loi nng
c trong nc
+ Thuc bo v thc vt b , r r xung ngun nc ti
+ Ra chai l, bnh phun thuc xung ngun nc ti
+ Ngun nc ti nhim ha cht do nh my thi ra
+ Nc ging khoan b nhim Asen, thy ngn...
+ Nc sinh hot khng tiu chun
- Hnh thc gy nhim cho cy rau
+ S dng nc bn ti cho rau gn ngy thu hoch
+ Ti nc b nhim
+ Ra sn phm bng nc b nhim
Hnh 5.1. Ra rau bng ngun nc nhim
28
1.2. Cc sinh vt gy bnh
- Nguyn nhn cc sinh vt c trong ngun nc
+ Cht thi ca con ngi, ng vt xung ngun nc
+ Xc cht, ng vt, chut, c trong ao h dng ti rau
+ Ging khoan nhim vi sinh vt do qu trnh ra tri cc khu vc
nhim
+ Ngun nc sinh hot b nhim
+ Nc thi cha qua x l
- Hnh thc gy nhim cho cy rau
+ Nc ra sn phm b nhim
+ Nc nhim ti cho rau
+ S dng nc ti gn n ngy thu hoch
Hnh 5.2. Nc cng sinh hot dng

ti cho rau
Hinh 5.3. Phn hu c ngay ti

mng nc ti
29
2.1. Ngun nc
- Ly mu nc i n c quan c chc nng phn tch:
+ nh k 2 ln/nm, kim tra cc ch tiu v ho cht v vi sinh vt;
mt ln vo ma kh v mt ln vo ma ma
Hnh 5.4. Phiu kt qu phn tch ngun nc

+ Nu ngun nc b pht hin nhim hoc c du hiu bt thng
xut hin, nn thay th ngun nc khc hoc phi p dng cc hnh ng
khc phc cho ti khi cht lng nc tr li bnh thng
- Kim tra thng xuyn
nh k t nht 01 ln/thng, kim tra xem c ng vt v cc ngun gy
nhim khc nh rc thi, bao b ng ho cht, ng dn cht thi,.
- Nu cn thit, phi c nhng hnh ng khc phc loi tr ng vt
hay bt c ngun gy nhim pht hin c.
30
2.2. Bo dng ging v h thng cung cp nc
- Kim tra kt cu ging nc hin trng t nht 1 nm/ln nhm ngn
nga s r r cc cht gy nhim vo ging nc.
- Thng xuyn kim tra xem ging nc, b nc c c che y
trnh b nhim bn t cc cht, vt liu bn ngoi.
Hnh 5.5. Dng li st che y b cha ngun nc ti

- Thng xuyn kim tra h thng ng nc v van ca ging nc.
- Thng xuyn kim tra v nu cn thit v sinh h thng cung cp
nc bao gm cc h cha, knh mng dn nc nhm ngn nga tch t bn
lng
Hnh 5.6. Kim tra h thng ng nc
31
2.3. S dng nc ti
- Nn ti phun ma vo lc sng sm l c th kh nhanh
- Nn s dng ngun nc c cht lng tt nht cho vic ti ma ri,
c bit khi gn thu hoch
- Nu c th, trnh ti theo phng php phun ma t nht 5 ngy trc
khi thu hoch
- Khi c th, s dng phng php ti nh git hoc ti theo lung
vo gn thi im thu hoch hn ch nguy c nhim v lm m t cy
Hnh 5.7. H thng ti nh git

- Khi cht lng nc khng bit hoc khng kim sot c (v d
nc t sng), nn s dng phng php ti theo lung v ti nh git
hn ch thp nht vic tip xc gia nc v phn n c ca cy
Hnh 5.8. Ti phun ma theo lung
32
3. Mu ghi chp bin php khc phc mi nguy t ngun nc
- Ghi y cc thng tin sau:
+ Ngy, thng, nm
+ Ngun nc
+ Mi nguy v nguyn nhn
+ Phng php x l
+ Kt qu x l
- Mu ghi chp bin php khc phc mi nguy t ngun nc
Ngy,
thng, nm
x l
Ngun
nc
Mi nguy v
nguyn nhn
Phng
php x
l
Kt qu
x l
Tn
ngi
thc hin
33
B. Cu hi v bi tp
Cu 1: Nhn bit mt s nguyn nhn gy nhim ngun nc v xut mt
s bin php x l ?
qu trc lp
nhm
+ xut bin php x l gy nhim
Cu 2: Ghi cc thng tin vo biu mu ghi chp bin php khc phc mi nguy
t ngun nc?
vin/nhm), mi nhm ghi chp vo biu mu
t lm ca ngi hc
- Kt qu v sn phm cn t c: ghi chp bin php khc phc mi
nguy t ngun nc
34
BI 6: HA CHT BO V THC VT V HA CHT KHC
M bi: M01 06
Mc tiu:
- Phn tch v nhn din cc yu t ho cht BVTV n cht lng rau;
- p dng c cc bin php hn ch cc yu t nh hng n cht
lng rau;
- Thc hin vic theo di ghi chp v vic mua ho cht, bo qun ho cht,
A. Ni dung:
1. Phn tch v nhn din mi nguy
1.1. Ha cht bo v thc vt
- l cc loi thuc tr c, tr su, tr bnh.. tn ti trn cy rau khi
con ngi s dng s gy bnh ung th phi, ung th c chng, gan.......
- Nguyn nhn thuc bo v thc vt c trn cy rau:
+ S dng thuc cm cho rau: Padan, Monito, Wofatox, Kinalux,..
+ Khng m bo thi gian cch l ca thuc
Bassan 50 EC
Vertim ex1.8EC
3
5
Actara 25SC
Match 50 ND
Forvin 85 WP
Alphan 5 EC
Polytrin P440 ND
14
Cyperan 25 EC
14
Forw athion 50EC
14
20
Kinalux 25EC
0
10
15
20
Hnh 6.1. Thi gian cch l ca mt s thuc ha hc
25
35
+ S dng thuc bo v thc vt qu nhiu ln/ mt v
+ S dng thuc bo v thc vt khng ng quy nh (hn hp
nhiu loi, tng hn hp khuyn co)
+ Cng c phun, ri km cht lng (r r, nh lng sai)
+ Thuc BVTV tri dt t vng lin k
Hnh 6.2. Vt thuc tr su, bnh ra rung

+ Thuc BVTV phun gn sn phm thu hoch hoc cc vt liu
ng gi;
Hnh 6.3. Phun thuc tr su gn n ngy thu hoch
36
+ D lng thuc BVTV tch lu trong t t cc ln s dng trc;
+ Thuc BVTV bm dnh trong dng c cha sn phm
- Cch thc thuc bo v gy nhim cho rau:
+ Cy rau hp th hoc bm dnh ln sn phm
1.2. Cc ha cht khc
- Nguyn nhn gy nhim cho rau:
+ S dng cc loi ho cht bo qun khng c php hoc sai
quy nh;
+ S dng ho cht lm sch, ty ra khng ph hp li d
lng trong dng c, thng cha,.
+ Nhin liu (xng, du, sn) trn thit b, dng c thu hoch,
ng gi, vn chuyn gy nhim trc tip ln sn phm v bao b cha sn
phm.
+ t, nc b nhim ho cht t cc khu cng nghip, nh my
ho cht ln cn
2.1. Mua v tip nhn thuc bo v thc vt
- Ch mua v nhn cc loi thuc BVTV c trong danh mc c php
s dng ti Vit nam.
- Thuc BVTV phi c ct, bo qun ti kho (hoc t cha) m bo
an ton
Hnh 6.4: Ct thuc bo v thc vt ng ni quy nh
37
2.2. S dng thuc bo v thc vt
- Trc khi s dng, kim tra bnh bm bng nc sch. Nu b tc hoc
c li th phi sa cha v khc phc ngay;
- Ch s dng loi thuc BVTV ng k s dng i vi chng loi rau c th;
- S dng nc sch pha thuc.
- Ch pha lng nc thuc cho din tch rau cn phun;
- Cc v thuc BVTV dng ht cn c xc ra 3 ln;
- Mang bo h lao ng khi pha, phun thuc;
Hnh 6.5: Dng bo h lao ng khi phun thuc

- Khng phun thuc lc nng, gi to v khi tri sp ma;
- Cn kim tra trn cy trng bit vic phun thuc c u v n ht
cc b phn ca cy khng;
- Phi m bo thi gian cch ly ca tng loi thuc
- Nn s dng thuc lun phin hn ch dch hi khng thuc
Phun ln 1
Phun ln 2
Phun ln 3
Phun ln 4
Hnh 6.6. S dng lun phin thuc tr su, bnh hi rau
38
2.3. Sau khi s dng thuc
- Ra sch, m bo khng cn thuc trong bnh phun;
- t bin cnh bo ti cc vng va phun thuc;
- Ra sch tt c cc dng, dng c phc v phun thuc v m bo
khng gy nhim ngun nc;
- Dng c phun thuc phi c bo qun ti kho ring
- Git, ra sch cc dng c bo h;
- Kim tra s lng bnh phun thuc c tng ng vi lng nc
thuc d kin khng iu chnh phng php phun hoc dng c phun.
3.1. Mu ghi chp v vic mua ho cht
Ghi y cc thng tin sau:
+ Tn thuc
+ Nh cung cp
+ S lng
+ Ngy mua
+ Ngy ht hn
- V d: Ghi theo mu mua ha cht
Nh cung
cp
Tn thuc
Ridomil
Syngenta
S
lng
100g
PSO SK99 Cty thuc tr 250 ml

su si gn
Ngy mua
Ngy ht
hn
20/7/10
15/5/12
15/10/10
15/12/12
Lu
3.1. Mu ghi chp v vic s dng thuc bo v thc vt

Ghi y cc thng tin sau:
+ Ngy
+ Loi thuc bo v thc vt (BVTV)
+ Cy trng
+ Nng
+ Su bnh hi
+ Lng dng
+ Din tch
+ Cch phun
39
V d: S dng thuc bo v thc vt cho cy c chua, da chut
Su
Din
Cy
Ngy
bnh L tch
trng
hi
(m2)
Loi
thuc
BVTV
2/10
Ridomil 0,3% 30g

Bnh L
ridomil phun Cu
Bnh
khng
gim
cn
phun
di
mt l
PSO
Khi
phun
gp
ma
c
chua
Phn A3 400
trng
20/10 Da B
A7 360
chut phn,
su
v
ba
Nng Lng Cch Ngi
dng phun phun
1%
360 ml Bnh L T
PSO
phun
Lu
40
B. Cu hi v bi tp
Cu 1: Hng dn phun thuc bo v thc vt theo nguyn tc 4 ng?
- Ngun lc: Thuc tr su, tr bnh, bnh phun, nc
- Cc thc t chc: chia nhm nh (3 - 5 hc vin/nhm), thc hin phun
thuc
nhm
+ Bit la chn ng thuc.
+ Bit pha thuc ng liu lng.
+ Bit xc nh ng thi im.
+ Bit phun ng cch.
Cu 2: Ghi cc thng tin vo biu mu ghi chp S dng thuc bo v thc vt
cho cy c chua, da chut?
- Ngun lc: Giy A4 , bt, bng mu ghi cho
t lm ca ngi hc
- Kt qu v sn phm cn t c: Bit ghi chp s dng thuc bo v
thc vt cho cy c chua, da chut
Cu 3: Ghi cc thng tin vo biu mu ghi chp mua thuc bo v thc vt?
- Ngun lc: Giy A4 , bt, bng mu ghi cho
t lm ca ngi hc
- Kt qu v sn phm cn t c: Bit ghi chp mua thuc thuc bo
v thc vt cho cy c chua, da chut
41
BI 7: THU HOCH V X L SAU THU HOCH
M bi: M01 07
Mc tiu:
- Phn tch v nhn din cc yu t nh hng n giai on thu hoch
sn phm rau;
- p dng c cc bin php hn ch cc yu t nh hng n giai
on thu hoch sn phm rau;
- Thc hin vic theo ghi chp v sn phm thu hoch, phn loi sn
phm, ng gi sn phm
- Thc hin nghim tc ng quy trnh theo Viet GAP
A. Ni dung
1.1.Ha hc
- S dng khng ng cc loi ha cht bo qun sau thu hoch tn ti
trn sn phm rau.
- Nguyn nhn ha cht c trn sn phm rau thu hoch
+ S dng cc loi ha cht cm s dng
+ S dng cc thng, bao b ha cht, phn bn,... cha sn
phm rau
+ Dng c cha sn phm khng m bo v sinh (dnh du m,
ha cht,...)
- Cch thc gy nhim
+ Tip xc trc tip cc thng cha dng c, bo b,...
+ X l cc cht ha hc tn d trn sn phm rau
1.2. Sinh hc
- l cc vt k sinh gy bnh, giun, sn, vi rt vim gan B,... c trn
sn phm rau
- Nguyn nhn cc sinh vt gy bnh c trn sn phm cy rau
+ Sn phm rau tip xc trc tip vi t, sn nh trong khi thu
hoch, ng gi v bo qun
+ Cc thit b, dng c, thng cha tip xc vi sn phm khng
m bo v sinh
+ Ngun nc s dng x l sn phm rau b nhim
42
Hnh 7.1: S dng ngun nc nhim ra rau

+ Ngi lao ng khng tun th quy trnh v sinh
+ Phng tin vn chuyn khng m bo v sinh
Hnh 7.2: Phng tin vn chuyn rau khng m bo

- Cch thc gy nhim
+ Sn phm rau tip xc trc tip vi cc ngun nhim sinh hc
43
1.3. Vt l
- l cc vt l nh t, , mnh thy tinh, g, kim loi,....c trong
sn phm rau
- Nguyn nhn:
+ Dng c thu hoch, ng gi, bo qun, vn chuyn sn phm b
h hi hoc khng m bo v sinh
+ Bng n ti cc khu vc s ch, ng gi, bo qun b v trong
khi sn phm khng c che y
+ Ngi lao ng ri vt l, kp tay, gng tay,... ln vo thng
cha sn phm thu hoch
- Cch thc gy nhim
+ Cc vt l ln vo sn phm rau trong qu trnh thu hoch, x l
sau thu hoch, ng gi, bo qun, vn chuyn
2.1. Thu hoch v ng gi trn ng rung
- Ch thu hoch sn phm khi m bo thi gian cch ly thuc bo v
thc vt v phn bn.
- Kim tra dng c thu hoch v thng cha, m bo rng cc vt dng
ny sch v trong trng thi s dng tt.
Hnh 7.3 : Thu hoch sn phm rau

- Loi b cc vt l, rau qu b dp nt, h hng v cc loi tn d thc
vt (nh l, cnh cy,) ra khi sn phm.
- Thao tc nh nhng trong khi sp xp, ng gi trnh lm dp nt,
h hng sn phm v trnh sn phm tip xc vi t, sn phm b h hng,
dp nt.
44
Hnh 7.4 : Sp xp sn phm rau vo thng
Hnh 7.5: Xe vn chuyn sn phm rau m bo v sinh
45
2.2. S ch ng gi ti a im ng gi
- Thao tc nh nhng trong khi s ch, ng gi trnh lm dp nt, h
hng sn phm v trnh sn phm tip xc vi cc ngun gy nhim.
- Thu gom cht thi sau khi ng gi trnh gy nhim sn phm.
- Sau khi ng gi, sn phm phi c dn nhn theo quy nh.
Hnh 7.6 : Sn phm rau c dn mc theo quy nh

2.3. Bo qun sn phm rau
- Sn phm phi c bo qun ti a im sch s, kh ro, khng c
nguy c nhim ha cht nng nghip v cc cht v sinh, kh trng.
- Tr cc loi rau n c, khng c sn phm trc tip trn nn t
hoc sn nh
2.4. V sinh c nhn
- Ra tay trc khi s ch, tip xc vi sn phm;
- Ra tay sau khi i v sinh, tip xc vi ng vt, n ung, ht thuc,
tip xc vi cht thi.
- Ngi lao ng b bnh truyn nhim (nh vim gan A, tiu chy,)
khng c tip xc trc tip vi sn phm.
- Khng n ung, ht thuc, khc nh trong khu vc sn xut.
46
3.1. Mu ghi chp v thu hoch
- Ghi y cc thng tin sau:
+ Ngy, thng, nm
+ Cy trng
+ L
+ Din tch
+ Trng lng
+ Ghi ch
- V d: Ghi chp thu hoch c chua
Ngy,
thng, nm
Cy trng
Din tch
Trng
lng
Ghi ch
4/3/10
C chua
A3
360 m2
2850
Ra c
chua sau
thu hoch
v t bm
vo
3.2. Xut bn sn phm

- Cn ghi y cc thng tin sau:
+ Ngy
+ Sn phm
+ Loi
+ a ch ngi mua
+ Lu
- V d: in thng tin v vic bn c chua
Ngy
Sn phm
Loi
a ch ngi
mua
4/3/10
C chua
Metro H ni
Lu
47
B. Cu hi v bi tp
Cu 1: Nhn bit mt s nguyn nhn gy nhim sn phm rau v xut
mt s bin php x l ?
qu trc lp
- Thi gian hon thnh: 4 gi/nhm
nhm
- xut bin php x l gy nhim
Cu 2: Ghi cc thng tin vo biu mu nht k ghi chp thu hoch sn phm
rau?
vin/nhm), mi nhm nhn nhim v ghi chp thu hoch sn phm rau
t lm ca ngi hc
- Kt qu v sn phm cn t c: Bng ghi chp thu hoch sn phm
rau
Cu 3: Ghi cc thng tin vo biu mu nht k ghi chp bn sn phm rau?
vin/nhm), mi nhm nhn nhim v ghi chp thu hoch sn phm rau
t lm ca ngi hc
- Kt qu v sn phm cn t c: Bng ghi chp bn sn phm rau
48
HNG DN GING DY M UN
I. V tr, tnh cht ca m un:
- V tr: M un hng dn sn xut rau an ton theo hng viet gap l
mt m un chuyn mn ngh trong chng trnh dy ngh trnh s cp ca
ngh trng rau an ton; c ging dy trc m un chun b iu kin cn
thit trng rau an ton,
- Tnh cht: Ghi chp, theo di cc iu kin tc ng n sn xut rau, a
im thc hin khu sn xut rau an ton
II. Mc tiu:
- Trnh by c cc nguyn nhn chnh gy nh hng n cht lng
rau v cc gii php k thut trong sn xut rau an ton.
- p dng c cc bin php trong sn xut rau an ton nh: Hn ch
cc nguyn nhn gy hi n cht lng rau, thc hin cc bin php k thut
trong sn xut;
- Thc hin vic theo ghi chp, lu ch h s cho sn phm rau an ton
theo hng Viet GAP
- Nhn thc c ngha ca cng tc sn xut rau an ton theo hng Viet GAP.
III. Ni dung chnh ca m un:
M bi
Tn bi
Loi
bi
dy
Thi gian
a im Tng
L
Thc
s
thuyt hnh
Lp +
8
2
6
M01-1 nh gi v la
chn vng sn xut
Tch
hp
M01-2 Ging v gc ghp
Tch
hp
vng sx
rau
Lp + c
s sx rau
M01-3 Qun l t
Tch
hp
Lp +
vn rau
Tch
hp
Lp +
vn rau
10
M01-5 Ngun nc
Tch
hp
Lp +
vn rau
M01-6 Thuc BVTV
Tch
hp
Lp +
vn rau
16
11
Tch
hp
Lp +
vn rau
10
v gi th
M01-4 Phn bn
v cht b sung
v ho cht
M01-7 Thu hoch v x l
sau thu hoch
Kim tra ht m un
Cng
4
64
Kim
tra*
4
12
46
49
*Ghi ch: Thi gian kim tra c tnh vo gi thc hnh.
IV. Hng dn thc hin bi tp, bi thc hnh
- Ngun lc cn thit:
M hnh trng rau an ton, khng an ton
Dng c, nguyn vt liu thc hin qu trnh nhn ging.
Giy A4 , bt
Bng mu ghi chp
- Cch chc t chc thc hin:
Chia lp thnh cc nhm nh: 5 ngi/nhm.
- Tiu chun sn phm:
Bng ghi chp
V. Yu cu v nh gi kt qu hc tp
5.1. Bi 1: nh gi v la chn vng sn xut
Tiu ch nh gi
- Nhn din ng cc yu t ha
hc, kim loi nng, sinh hc n
vng sn xut
- Tm hiu nguyn nhn cc yu t
ha hc, kim loi nng, sinh hc
n vng sn xut
- Cc bin php gim thiu cc yu
t ha hc, kim loi nng, sinh hc
n vng sn xut
- Ghi chp nh gi vng sn xut
Cch thc nh gi
- Quan st v nh gi kt qu
- Quan st cch xc nh v thc hin ca

ngi hc
ngi hc
- Cc nhm t nh gi, gio vin quan

st trnh t lm ca ngi hc
5.2. Bi 2: Ging v gc ghp

Tiu ch nh gi
Cch thc nh gi
- Nhn din ng cc yu t ha - Quan st v nh gi kt qu

hc, n ging rau v gc ghp
- Cc bin php gim thiu cc yu - Quan st cch xc nh v thc hin ca
t ha hc n ging rau v gc ngi hc
ghp
- Ghi chp v vt liu gieo trng

50
5.3. Bi 3: Qun l t v gi th
Tiu ch nh gi
hc, kim loi nng, sinh hc n t
v gi th
n t v gi th
n t v gi th
- Ghi chp nh gi t v gi th
Cch thc nh gi

ngi hc
ngi hc

5.4. Bi 4: Phn bn v cht b sung

Tiu ch nh gi
- Nhn din ng cc yu t nitrat,
kim loi nng, cc vi sinh vt n phn
bn v cht b sung
nitrat, kim loi nng, cc vi sinh vt
n phn bn v cht b sung
- Cc bin php gim thiu cc yu t
nitrat, kim loi nng, cc vi sinh vt
n phn bn v cht b sung
Cch thc nh gi

ngi hc
ngi hc
- Ghi chp mu mua v s dng phn - Cc nhm t nh gi, gio vin

bn
quan st trnh t lm ca ngi hc
5.5. Bi 5: Ngun nc
Tiu ch nh gi
- Nhn din ng cc yu t ha hc,
kim loi nng, sinh hc n ngun
nc
- Tm hiu nguyn nhn cc yu t ha
hc, kim loi nng, sinh hc n ngun
nc
- Cc bin php gim thiu cc yu t
Cch thc nh gi
- Quan st cch xc nh v thc hin

ca ngi hc
- Quan st cch xc nh v thc hin
51
Tiu ch nh gi
Cch thc nh gi
ha hc, kim loi nng, sinh hc n ca ngi hc
ngun nc
Ghi chp bin php khc phc mi
nguy t ngun nc
- Cc nhm t nh gi, gio vin

quan st trnh t lm ca ngi hc
5.6. Bi 6: Thuc BVTV v ho cht

Tiu ch nh gi
cht bo v thc vt, n ngun cy
rau
ha cht bo v thc vt, n ngun
cy rau
t ha cht bo v thc vt, n
ngun cy rau
Cch thc nh gi

ngi hc
ngi hc
Ghi chp mu mua v s dng - Cc nhm t nh gi, gio vin quan

thuc bo v thc vt
5.7. Bi 7: Thu hoch v x l sau thu hoch
Tiu ch nh gi
hc, kim loi nng, sinh hc n
sn phm rau
n sn phm rau
n sn phm rau
Cch thc nh gi

ngi hc
ngi hc
- Ghi chp mu thua hoch v tiu - Cc nhm t nh gi, gio vin quan
th sn phm
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Nhm tc gi ca Business. Edge. 2007. Nghin cu th trng gii m
nhu cu khch hng . NXB tr
[2]. Nhm tc gi PGS. TS. Trn Khc Thi, TS. T Th Thu H. S tay hng
dn thc hnh Viet GAP trn rau
[3]. V Hu Yn, Gio trnh Trng trt. NXB Gio dc 2001.
[4]. PGS.TS. T Th Thu Cc. K thut trng rau n l. 2007. Nh xut bn
Ph N
[5]. Nguyn Mnh Chinh. S tay trng rau an ton . 2004. Nh xut bn NN
[6]. Trung tm khuyn nng quc gia. K thut sn xut rau an ton. 2010 Nh
Xut bn Nng nghip
BAN CH NHIM XY DNG

CHNG TRNH DY NGH TRNH S CP
(Km theo Quyt nh s 2744 /BNN-TCCB ngy 15 thng 10 nm 2010

ca B trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn)
1. Ch nhim: ng Phm Thanh Hi - Hiu trng Trng Cao ng Nng
nghip v Pht trin nng thn Bc B
2. Ph ch nhim: B o Th Hng Lan - Ph trng phng V T chc
cn b, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
3. Th k: ng Phm Vn Hiu - Trng b mn Trng Cao ng Nng
nghip v Pht trin nng thn Bc B
4. Cc y vin:
- ng C Xun Phng, Tri trng Trng Cao ng Nng nghip v
Pht trin nng thn Bc B
- ng Phng Trung Hiu, Ging vin Trng Cao ng Nng nghip v
Pht trin nng thn Bc B
- ng Phm Xun Dung, Ph Hiu trng Trng Cao ng Cng ng
H Ni
- B V Th Thy, Ph trng phng Trung tm Khuyn nng Khuyn
ng Quc gia./.
DANH SCH HI NG NGHIM THU
CHNG TRNH, GIO TRNH DY NGH TRNH S CP
(Theo Quyt nh s 3495 /Q-BNN-TCCB ngy 29 thng 12 nm 2010

ca B trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn)
11. Ch tch: ng Nguyn c Thit - Ph hiu trng Trng Cao ng
Cng ngh v Kinh t Bo Lc
2. Th k: ng Phng Hu Cn - Chuyn vin chnh V T chc cn b, B
Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
3. Cc y vin:
- ng Phm Quc Hon - Trng khoa Trng Cao ng Cng ngh v
Kinh t Bo Lc
- ng H Tn M - Ph gim c Trung tm nghin cu ng dng nng
nghip Lm ng
- B Nguyn Th Huyn - Ph trng phng Trung tm Khuyn nng
Quc gia./.

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B NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN

HNG DN SN XUT RAU AN

hc, cc cn b k thut, cc thy c gio tham gia ng gp nhiu kin

Phm Thanh Hi: Ch bin

1. Phn tch v nhn din yu t nh hng ...................................................... 27

S 1.1: Cc yu t nh hng n t sn xut

Hinh1.1: Phun thuc tr su ln rau

Hnh 1.2: Nc thi nh my

- t tn ti cht c hi c nh hng g n cy rau?

Hnh 1.3: Bn tay b nhim Asen

Hnh 1.4: A Sen

Hnh 1.5. Cc nguyn nhn gy nhim rau

Mc gii hn ti a cho php

* Nu kt qu phn tch cho thy mc nhim ca vng sn xut

Xc nh nguyn nhn ->

* Cc bin php lm gim mi nguy sinh hc ln vng sn xut:

Ngi thc hin/

thi gian thc hin

Hnh 2.1: Ht ging rau

Hnh 2.2: Cy ghp

- Yu t tc ng n ht ging rau v gc ghp

Hnh 2.4. Rau trng c ngun gc r rng

Hnh 2.5. Rau khng r ngun gc

Hnh 2.6: C s sn xut cy con ging

Hnh 2.7: C s sn xut cy con ging

* Mi nguy nh hng n t v gi th trng rau

Hnh 3.1 : S dng nc thi ti cho rau

- Khi xut hin cc mi nguy vt gii hn cho php cn tin hnh x l

Cch x Din tch Thi tit

Hnh 4.1. Cm bn phn gn n ngy thu hoch

Hnh 4.3. Phn chung qua x l

Hnh 4.4. Bo qun phn hu c

3.2. Mu ghi chp v mua phn bn v cht b sung

3.3. Mu ghi chp v vic x l phn hu c

Hnh 5.1. Ra rau bng ngun nc nhim

Hnh 5.2. Nc cng sinh hot dng

Hinh 5.3. Phn hu c ngay ti

Hnh 5.4. Phiu kt qu phn tch ngun nc

Hnh 5.5. Dng li st che y b cha ngun nc ti

Hnh 5.6. Kim tra h thng ng nc

Hnh 5.7. H thng ti nh git

Hnh 5.8. Ti phun ma theo lung

Forw athion 50EC

Hnh 6.1. Thi gian cch l ca mt s thuc ha hc

Hnh 6.2. Vt thuc tr su, bnh ra rung

Hnh 6.3. Phun thuc tr su gn n ngy thu hoch

Hnh 6.4: Ct thuc bo v thc vt ng ni quy nh

Hnh 6.5: Dng bo h lao ng khi phun thuc

Hnh 6.6. S dng lun phin thuc tr su, bnh hi rau

PSO SK99 Cty thuc tr 250 ml

3.1. Mu ghi chp v vic s dng thuc bo v thc vt

+ Loi thuc bo v thc vt (BVTV)

Ridomil 0,3% 30g

Nng Lng Cch Ngi

dng phun phun

Hnh 7.1: S dng ngun nc nhim ra rau

Hnh 7.2: Phng tin vn chuyn rau khng m bo

Hnh 7.3 : Thu hoch sn phm rau

Hnh 7.4 : Sp xp sn phm rau vo thng

Hnh 7.5: Xe vn chuyn sn phm rau m bo v sinh

Hnh 7.6 : Sn phm rau c dn mc theo quy nh

3.2. Xut bn sn phm

M01-2 Ging v gc ghp