Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam

B cng nghip

Phn IV
bo v v t ng
11 TCN - 21 - 2006

H Ni - 2006

Mc lc

Phn IV
bo v v t ng
Chng IV.1
bo v li in in p n 1kV
Phm vi p dng v nh ngha ............................................ Trang 1
Yu cu i vi thit b bo v ....................................................... 1
La chn bo v ............................................................................. 2
Ni t thit b bo v .................................................................... 5

Chng IV.2
bo v rle
Phm vi p dng ............................................................................. 7
Yu cu chung ................................................................................ 7
Bo v my pht in ni trc tip vo
thanh ci in p my pht in ................................................... 20
Bo v MBA c cun cao p t 6kV tr ln
v cun khng b ngang 500kV.................................................... 25
Bo v khi my pht in - MBA ............................................... 34
Bo v DK hoc ng cp trong li in 6-15kV
trung tnh cch ly........................................................................... 43
Bo v DK hoc ng cp trong li in 22 - 35kV
trung tnh cch ly.......................................................................... 46
Bo v DK hoc ng cp trong li in 15 - 500kV
trung tnh ni t hiu qu ........................................................... 48
Bo v t in b ngang v b dc .............................................. 54
Bo v thanh ci, my ct vng, my ct lin lc thanh ci

v my ct phn on ................................................................... 55
Bo v my b ng b ................................................................ 59

Chng IV.3
t ng ho v iu khin t xa
Phm vi p dng v yu cu chung .............................................. 61
T ng ng li ......................................................................... 62
T ng ng ngun d phng .................................................... 72
ng in my pht in ............................................................. 75
T ng iu chnh kch thch, in p v cng sut phn khng. 77
T ng iu chnh tn s v cng sut tc dng ......................... 80
T ng ngn nga mt n nh ................................................... 82
T ng chm dt ch khng ng b .................................... 84
T ng hn ch tn s gim ........................................................ 85
T ng hn ch tn s tng ........................................................ 87
T ng hn ch in p gim ..................................................... 88
T ng hn ch in p tng ...................................................... 88
T ng ngn nga qu ti ............................................... 88
iu khin t xa ............................................................................89

Chng IV.4
mch in nh th
Phm vi p dng ........................................................................... 94
Yu cu ca mch nh th ............................................................ 94
Ph lc
K hiu cc chc nng bo v v t ng ...................................... 103

Phn IV: Bo v v t ng

PHN IV
BO V V T NG
Chng IV.1
BO V LI IN IN P N 1KV
Phm vi p dng v nh ngha
IV.1.1. Chng ny p dng cho vic bo v li in in p n 1kV, t trong nh
v/hoc ngoi tri. Cc yu cu khc i vi li in ny c nu trong cc
chng khc ca quy phm.
IV.1.2. Thit b bo v l thit b t ng ct mch in khi b s c.

Yu cu i vi thit b bo v
IV.1.3. Kh nng ct ca thit b bo v phi ph hp vi dng in ngn mch ln nht
trn on li in c bo v (xem Chng I.4 - Phn I).
IV.1.4. Trong mi trng hp, dng in danh nh ca dy chy ca cu chy v dng
in chnh nh ca ptmt bo v cho mch in (dy hoc cp in) nn
chn theo mc nh nht theo dng in tnh ton ca mch in hoc bng dng
in danh nh ca cc thit b nhn in. Tuy nhin, thit b bo v khng c
ct mch khi thit b nhn in b qu ti ngn hn (nh dng in khi ng,
nh ph ti cng ngh, dng in t khi ng v.v.).
IV.1.5. Phi dng ptmt hoc cu chy lm thit b bo v. bo m yu cu v
nhanh, nhy hoc chn lc, khi cn thit c php dng cc thit b rle
bo v (tc ng gin tip).
IV.1.6. thit b in n 1kV trong li in c trung tnh ni t trc tip, vi mc
ch m bo ct t ng on dy b s c, dy dn pha v dy trung tnh bo v

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
phi chn sao cho khi chm v hoc chm vo dy trung tnh bo v th bi s
dng in ngn mch nh nht khng nh hn:
3 ln dng in danh nh ca cu chy gn.
3 ln dng in danh nh ca b ct khng iu chnh c hoc dng chnh
nh ca b ct iu chnh c ca ptmt c c tnh dng in - thi gian
quan h ngc.
Khi bo v li in bng ptmt ch c b ct in t (qu dng tc ng tc
thi - ct nhanh), dy dn k trn phi m bo dng in khng nh hn dng
chnh nh khi ng tc thi nhn vi h s phn tn (theo s liu ca nh ch
to) v h s d tr l 1,1. Khi khng c s liu ca nh ch to, i vi ptmt c
dng in danh nh n 100A, bi s dng in ngn mch so vi dng in chnh
nh phi khng nh hn 1,4; vi ptmt c dng danh nh trn 100A th khng
nh hn 1,25. Trong mi trng hp, in dn ca dy trung tnh bo v phi
khng nh hn 50% in dn ca dy pha.
Nu yu cu ca iu ny khng p ng c v bi s khi chm v hoc chm
dy trung tnh bo v th vic ct khi s c ngn mch ny phi thc hin bng bo v
c bit.
IV.1.7. Vic s dng ptmt v cu chy kiu xoy c phi m bo sao cho khi tho
chng th v ui xoy ca chng khng c in p. Trong trng hp ngun cung
cp t mt pha th dy ngun phi u vo tip im c nh ca thit b bo v.
IV.1.8. Trn mi thit b bo v phi c nhn ghi r tr s dng in danh nh (tr s
chnh nh ca b ct hoc dng in danh nh ca dy chy) theo yu cu ca
mch c bo v. Nhng tr s ny nn ghi ngay trn thit b hoc trn s t
gn thit b bo v.

La chn bo v
IV.1.9. Li in phi c bo v chng ngn mch (bo v ngn mch) vi thi gian ct
nh nht v m bo ct c chn lc.
Bo v phi m bo ct khi cui ng dy c bo v xy ra cc loi ngn
mch nh sau:

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Mt pha v nhiu pha vi li in trung tnh ni t trc tip.
Hai pha v ba pha vi li in trung tnh cch ly.
Nu t s gia dng in ngn mch tnh ton nh nht so vi dng in danh
nh ca cu chy hoc ptmt khng nh hn tr s cho iu IV.1.6 th
vic ct on b s c l m bo chc chn.
IV.1.10. Trong li in ch yu cu bo v chng ngn mch, khng cn tnh ton kim
tra bi s dng in ngn mch nu iu IV.1.6, nu m bo iu kin: khi
so snh vi cc tr s dng in lu di cho php nu Chng I.3 - Phn I,
thit b bo v c bi s khng ln hn:
3 ln dng in danh nh ca dy chy.
4,5 ln dng in chnh nh ca ptmt loi c b ct nhanh.
1,0 ln dng in danh nh ca ptmt c c tnh dng in - thi gian
quan h ngc khng iu chnh c (khng ph thuc c b ct tc ng
nhanh hay khng).
1,25 ln dng in khi ng ca b ct ptmt c c tnh dng in - thi
gian quan h ngc iu chnh c. Nu trong ptmt cn c b ct nhanh th
khng hn ch bi s dng in khi ng ca b ct nhanh.
Khng v s c mt ca thit b bo v vi tr s dng in chnh nh cao m tng
tit din dy dn ln hn tr s cho trong Chng I.3 - Phn I.
IV.1.11. Phi c bo v qu ti i vi li in trong nh dng dy dn c v bc d
chy, t h hoc kn.
Ngoi ra phi c bo v qu ti i vi cc li in trong nh:
Li in chiu sng nh , nh cng cng, ca hng, nh phc v cng
cng ca x nghip cng nghip, li in ca cc thit b dng in xch tay
hoc di chuyn c (bn l, m in, bp in, t lnh, my ht bi, my
git, my may cng nghip v.v.) hoc trong cc gian sn xut d chy.
Li in ng lc trong x nghip cng nghip, nh , nh cng cng, ca
hng khi qu trnh cng ngh hoc ch vn hnh ca mch in c th gy
qu ti lu di dy dn v cp.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Li in cc gian hoc khu vc d n - khng ph thuc vo qu trnh
cng ngh hoc ch vn hnh ca mch in.
IV.1.12. Trong cc mch in c bo v qu ti (xem iu IV.1.11), dy dn in nn
chn theo dng in tnh ton, ng thi phi bo m iu kin so vi dng in lu
di cho php cho trong Chng I.3 - Phn I, thit b bo v c bi s khng ln hn:
0,8 ln - i vi dng in danh nh ca dy chy hoc dng in chnh nh
ca ptmt ch c b ct nhanh vi dy dn in c v bc nha tng hp, cao
su v cc loi cch in c c tnh nhit tng t; i vi dy dn in t
trong cc gian khng chy n th cho php ly 100%.
1,0 ln - i vi dng in danh nh ca dy chy hoc dng in chnh nh
ca ptmt ch c b ct nhanh vi cp c v cch in bng giy.
1,0 ln - i vi dng in danh nh ca ptmt c c tnh dng in - thi
gian quan h ngc khng iu chnh c, khng ph thuc vo c b ct
nhanh hay khng vi dy dn cc loi.
1,0 ln - i vi dng in khi ng ca ptmt c c tnh dng in thi gian quan h ngc iu chnh c vi dy dn in c v bc nha tng
hp, cao su v cc loi cch in c c tnh nhit tng t.
1,25 ln dng in khi ng ca ptmt c c tnh dng in - thi gian
quan h ngc iu chnh c vi cp c v cch in bng giy v cch in
bng polyetylen lu ho.
IV.1.13. Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn n ng c rto lng sc khng c
nh hn:
1,0 ln dng in danh nh ca ng c khu vc khng c nguy c chy n.
1,25 ln dng in danh nh ca ng c khu vc c nguy c chy n.
Quan h gia dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn ni vi ng c rto lng
sc vi dng in chnh nh ca thit b bo v trong bt c trng hp no
cng khng c ln hn cc tr s nu trong iu IV.1.10.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.1.14. Khi dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn xc nh theo iu IV.1.10 v
IV.1.12 khng ng vi tr s nu trong cc bng v dng in lu di cho php
Chng I.3 - Phn I th cho php chn dy dn c tit din nh hn, k st tr s
trong bng nhng khng c nh hn tr s xc nh theo dng in tnh ton.

Ni t thit b bo v
IV.1.15. Thit b bo v phi t ni thun tin cho vn hnh, bo dng trnh b h
hng do c hc. Vic t chng phi m bo khi vn hnh hoc khi tc ng
khng gy nguy him cho ngi v khng gy h hng cc vt xung quanh.
Vic vn hnh v bo dng thit b bo v c phn dn in h phi do ngi
c chuyn mn m nhim.
IV.1.16. Cn t thit b bo v ti cc v tr trong mch in m tit din dy dn
gim nh (v pha ph ti in) hoc ti cc v tr cn m bo nhy v tnh
chn lc (xem iu IV.1.17 v IV.1.20).
IV.1.17. Phi t thit b bo v ngay ti ch u phn t c bo v vi ng dy
cung cp. Khi cn thit, cho php chiu di ca on dy r nhnh gia thit b
bo v v ng dy cung cp n 6m. Tit din ca on dy ny c th nh hn
tit din ca ng dy cung cp nhng khng nh hn tit din ca dy dn sau
thit b bo v.
i vi cc nhnh dy t ch khng thun tin (v d t ch qu cao), cho
php ly chiu di on ni ti thit b bo v n 30m c th vn hnh thun
tin (v d u vo ca trm phn phi, cc b khi ng ca thit b in v.v.).
Khi tit din ca nhnh r khng c nh hn tit din xc nh theo dng
in tnh ton, ng thi m bo khng nh hn 10% kh nng ti ca on
ng dy trc c bo v. Dy nhnh r ni trn (6m hoc 30m) c v bc
hoc cch in t trong ng hoc hp khng chy; cn cc trng hp khc (tr
cng trnh cp ngm), khu vc d chy n th c t h trn cc kt cu vi
iu kin m bo khng b h hng do c hc.
IV.1.18. Khi dng cu chy bo v li in phi t cu chy trn tt c cc cc hoc
cc pha bnh thng khng ni t.
Cm t cu chy dy trung tnh.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.1.19. Khi dng ptmt bo v li in c trung tnh ni t trc tip phi t b
ct ca n trn tt c cc dy dn bnh thng khng ni t.
Khi dng ptmt bo v li in c trung tnh cch ly 3 pha 3 dy hoc 1
pha 2 dy hoc li in mt chiu, phi t b ct ca n trn 2 pha i vi
li in 3 dy v trn 1 pha (cc) i vi li in 2 dy. Lu , trn cng mt
li in nn t bo v trn cc pha (cc) cng tn.
Ch c t b ct ca ptmt trn dy trung tnh khi n tc ng th tt c cc
dy c in p u c ct ng thi.
IV.1.20. Nu thy hp l cho vn hnh, khng cn t thit b bo v cc v tr sau:
1. Nhnh r t thanh ci trong t in n cc thit b cng t trong t ny. Khi
, nhnh r phi c chn theo dng in tnh ton ca nhnh.
2. Ch c tit din gim dc theo ng dy cung cp hoc ch nhnh r nu thit
b bo v ca on ng dy pha trc n bo v c on gim tit din ,
hoc nu on gim tit din hoc nhnh r c tit din khng nh hn mt na tit
din ca on ng dy c bo v.
3. Nhnh r t ng dy cung cp n cc thit b dng in cng sut nh nu
thit b bo v ca ng dy cung cp c dng in chnh nh khng qu 25A.
4. Nhnh r t ng dy cung cp cho mch o lng, iu khin, tn hiu, nu
nhng dy dn ny khng i ra ngoi phm vi my hoc t in, nu nhng dy
dn ny i ra ngoi phm vi my hoc t in nhng c t trong ng hoc c
v khng chy.
IV.1.21. Khng c t thit b bo v ti ch ni ng dy cung cp vi cc mch
iu khin, tn hiu v o lng nu khi cc mch ny b ct in c th dn n
hu qu nguy him (ct in my bm cha chy, qut gi dng trnh hnh
thnh cc hn hp n, thit b my mc ca h thng t dng trong nh my in
v.v.). Trong mi trng hp, dy dn ca cc mch ny phi t trong ng hoc
c v khng chy. Tit din ca cc mch ny khng c nh hn tr s quy
nh iu IV.4.4.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng

Chng IV.2
BO V RLE
Phm vi p dng v nh ngha
IV.2.1. Chng ny p dng cho cc thit b bo v bng rle (bo v rle) ca cc phn
t ca h thng in, trang b in cng nghip v trang b in khc c in p
trn 1kV n 500kV.
Chng ny khng p dng cho trang b in trn 500kV cng nh cc trang b
in ca nh my in nguyn t v ti in mt chiu.
Nhng yu cu v bo v li in in p n 1kV c qui nh Chng IV.1.
Bo v rle ca cc phn t ca trang b in khng c nu chng ny v
cc chng khc phi thc hin theo nhng qui nh ca mc yu cu chung ca
chng ny.
Bo v chnh l bo v ch yu, tc ng trc tin.
Bo v kp l hai bo v chnh, c lp, cng tn, cng tc ng.
Bo v d phng (bo v ph) l bo v tc ng khi bo v chnh khng tc
ng.

Yu cu chung
IV.2.2. Thit b in phi c bo v rle :
1. Ct t ng phn t h hng ra khi phn khng h hng ca h thng in
(trang b in) bng my ct; nu s c khng trc tip ph v ch lm vic
ca h thng in (v d ngn mch chm t trong li in c trung tnh cch
ly) th cho php bo v rle ch tc ng bo tn hiu.
2. Phn ng vi cc ch lm vic nguy him v khng bnh thng ca cc
phn t ca h thng in (v d qu ti, tng in p cun dy stato ca my
pht in tuabin nc); tu thuc vo ch lm vic v iu kin vn hnh cc

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
trang b in m bo v rle phi tc ng bo tn hiu hoc tc ng ct nhng
phn t m nu li c th gy ra s c.
IV.2.3. gim gi thnh cho cc thit b in c th dng cu chy hoc dy chy t
h thay cho my ct, ptmt v bo v rle khi:
C th chn cu chy m bo cc thng s yu cu (in p v dng in
danh nh, dng in ct danh nh v.v.).
p ng c yu cu v tnh chn lc v nhy.
Khng cn tr vic s dng cc thit b t ng (t ng ng li - TL, t
ng ng ngun d phng - TD v.v.) cn thit theo iu kin lm vic ca thit
b in.
Khi s dng cu chy hoc dy chy t h, tu thuc vo mc khng i
xng trong ch khng ton pha v c im ca ph ti, phi xem xt kh
nng cn thit t thit b bo v chng ch khng ton pha trm bin p
ca h tiu th.
IV.2.4. Bo v rle phi m bo ct ngn mch vi thi gian ngn nht c th c
nhm m bo cho phn khng b h hng tip tc lm vic bnh thng (lm
vic n nh ca h thng in v ca h tiu th in, m bo kh nng khi
phc s lm vic bnh thng bng tc ng ca TL v TD, t khi ng ca
cc ng c in, t ko vo ng b v.v.), hn ch phm vi v mc h hng
ca phn t b s c.
IV.2.5. Bo v rle phi m bo ct c chn lc khi s c mt phn t no th ch
ct phn t .
Cho php bo v tc ng khng chn lc (sau hiu chnh li bng tc ng
ca TL hoc TD):
1. m bo tng tc ct ngn mch, nu vic cn thit (xem iu
IV.2.4).
2. Khi s dng s in chnh n gin dng dao cch ly t ng mch
ng dy hoc mch MBA, dao cch ly t ng ct thnh phn s c thi im
khng in.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.6. Cho php dng bo v rle c thi gian m bo tc ng c chn lc khi:
Ct ngn mch c thi gian vn m bo thc hin yu cu ca iu VI.2.4.
Bo v lm nhim v d phng, xem iu IV.2.14.
IV.2.7. tin cy ca bo v rle (tc ng khi xut hin iu kin phi tc ng v
khng tc ng khi khng xut hin iu kin ) phi m bo bng cch s
dng cc thit b c cc thng s v kt cu tng ng vi nhim v cng nh
ph hp vi vic vn hnh cc thit b ny.
Khi cn thit nn dng cc bin php c bit tng tin cy, v d nh s
c d phng, c kim tra tnh trng lm vic mt cch lin tc hoc nh k v.v.
Cng phi tnh n kh nng nhm ln ca nhn vin vn hnh khi thc hin cc
thao tc cn thit vi bo v rle.
IV.2.8. Trng hp bo v rle c mch in p phi c nhng thit b sau:
T ng kho cc bo v khi ptmt mch in p ct, cu chy t hoc c
h hng mch in p (nu h hng c th dn n tc ng sai khi vn hnh
bnh thng) v bo tn hiu v cc h hng ca mch ny.
Bo tn hiu h hng mch in p nu nhng h hng khng dn n bo v
tc ng sai trong ch lm vic bnh thng nhng li gy nn tc ng sai
trong nhng iu kin khc (v d khi c ngn mch ngoi vng bo v).
IV.2.9. i vi bo v rle c thi gian, tu tng trng hp c th m xem xt c nn
m bo cho bo v tc ng theo tr s dng in ban u hoc in tr ban u
hoc khng, nhm loi tr vic tc ng sai hoc t chi lm vic ca bo v (do
dng in ngn mch tt dn theo thi gian, do dao ng in, do xut hin h
quang ch s c v.v.).
IV.2.10. Bo v li in 110kV tr ln phi c thit b lin ng kho tc ng ca
bo v khi c dao ng in hoc khi xut hin khng ng b nu li ny c
kh nng c nhng dao ng hoc khng ng b lm cho bo v c th tc
ng sai.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
C th dng thit b lin ng tng t cho ng dy in p di 110kV ni
cc ngun cung cp ln (do c th c dao ng in v bo v c th lm
vic sai).
Cho php bo v khng cn c kho chng dao ng nu bo v hiu
chnh theo dao ng in bng thi gian (thi gian duy tr ca bo v
khong 1,5 2 giy).
IV.2.11. Phi th hin s tc ng ca bo v rle bng b ch th t sn trong rle, bng
rle tn hiu ring hoc bng b m s ln tc ng ca bo v v cc thit b
tng ng khc c th phn tch, nghin cu hot ng ca bo v.
IV.2.12. Phi c tn hiu bo tc ng i ct ca bo v rle bo tn hiu ca tng
bo v, i vi bo v phc tp phi bo tn hiu ring tng phn ca bo v
(cp bo v khc nhau, cc bo v phc hp ring bit chng cc dng h
hng khc nhau v.v.).
IV.2.13. Trn tng phn t ca h thng in phi c bo v chnh tc ng khi c s
c trong gii hn phn t c bo v vi thi gian nh hn cc bo v khc t
cng trn phn t .
ng dy 220kV tr ln nn c hai bo v chnh cho mt phn t. Vic u
ni cc bo v ny vo my bin dng phi thc hin theo iu IV.2.15.
Cc my pht in 300MW tr ln, cc khi ghp i t my pht in c tng
cng sut 300MW tr ln, DK 500kV, my bin p 500/220kV nn cn nhc
vic t bo v kp (khng k rle hi).
IV.2.14. Trong trng hp bo v hoc my ct ca cc phn t ln cn t chi lm vic,
phi t bo v d phng xa.
Nu bo v chnh c tnh chn lc tuyt i (v d bo v cao tn, bo v so lch
dc, ngang), th trn phn t phi t bo v d phng lm chc nng khng
nhng bo v d phng xa cho phn t ln cn m cn lm chc nng bo v d
phng gn cho chnh phn t , ngha l n s tc ng khi bo v chnh ca
phn t t chi lm vic hoc khi a bo v chnh ra khi lm vic. V d

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
nu bo v chnh chng ngn mch gia cc pha dng bo v so lch pha th bo
v d phng c th dng bo v khong cch.
Nu bo v chnh ca ng dy 110kV tr ln c tnh chn lc tng i (v d
bo v nhiu cp vi thi gian tr) th:
Cho php khng t bo v d phng ring vi iu kin bo v d phng xa
ca cc phn t ln cn m bo tc ng khi c ngn mch trn ng dy .
Phi c bin php m bo bo v d phng gn lm vic nu nh khi c
ngn mch bo v d phng xa khng m bo.
IV.2.15. Phi thc hin bo v d phng bng thit b trn b ring sao cho c th kim
tra ring r hoc sa cha bo v chnh hoc bo v d phng ring ngay khi
phn t c bo v ang lm vic. Trong trng hp bo v chnh v bo v
d phng thng thng c cung cp t cc cun dy th cp khc nhau ca
my bin dng. Nn u mch i ct ca rle vo hai cun ct ring bit ca
my ct.
cc thit b in p 220kV tr ln, thng thng bo v c cp ngun t hai
phn on mt chiu khc nhau.
IV.2.16. i vi ng dy 22kV tr ln, vi mc ch tng tin cy ct s c u
ng dy, c th t bo v dng in ct nhanh khng thi gian lm bo v b
sung theo cc yu cu nu iu III.2.25.
IV.2.17. Nu vic p ng yu cu d phng xa lm cho b phn bo v qu phc tp
hoc v mt k thut khng th thc hin c th cho php:
1. Rt ngn vng d phng xa (bo v d phng c th khng ct ngn mch
sau my bin p, trn ng dy c in khng, nhng ng dy ln cn khi c
ngun in ph thm, dng in ti ch bo v nh hn nhiu so vi dng in
ch s c).
2. Ch thc hin d phng xa i vi nhng dng s c thng gp, khng tnh
n ch lm vic t gp v khi tnh n tc ng bc thang ca bo v.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
3. Bo v tc ng khng chn lc khi c ngn mch phn t ln cn (khi bo
v lm nhim v d phng xa) c th lm cho mt s trm mt in, nhng phi
c gng khc phc bng cch dng TL v TD.
IV.2.18. Bo v d phng khi my ct t chi ct (DTC) phi c t cc trang b in
110kV - 500kV. DTC c tc dng i ct ton b cc phn t ni vo mt thanh
ci khi bo v ca mt trong cc phn t trn b s c c khi ng m khng
ct ngn mch sau thi gian nh. Cho php khng t thit b DTC cc
trang b in 110 - 220kV khi c cc iu kin sau y:
1. m bo nhy theo yu cu v thi gian ct ca bo v d phng xa theo
iu kin n nh.
2. Khi bo v d phng tc ng khng c thm phn t b ct do ct cc my
ct khng trc tip u vo my ct t chi lm vic (v d khng c my ct
phn on, ng dy r nhnh).
cc nh my in c my pht in lm mt trc tip trong cun dy, trnh
h hng my pht in khi my ct 110kV - 500kV t chi lm vic, nn t
thit b DTC khng ph thuc vo bt c iu kin g.
Khi mt trong cc my ct ca phn t h hng (ng dy, MBA, thanh ci) t
chi lm vic, thit b DTC phi tc ng i ct cc my ct ln cn.
Nu bo v u ni vi my bin dng b tr ngoi MBA, th DTC phi tc
ng khi c ngn mch vng gia my bin dng v my ct.
Cho php dng DTC n gin, tc ng ct khi ngn mch km theo t chi ct
my ct khng phi ca tt c cc phn t (v d ch khi c ngn mch ng
dy); ngoi ra in p 35 - 220kV cho php dng DTC ch tc ng ct cc
my ct phn on.
Khi bo v d phng xa khng hiu qu cn tng tin cy ca d phng gn
bng cch c thm thit b DTC.
IV.2.19. nh gi nhy ca cc loi rle bo v chnh phi da vo h s nhy.
H s nhy c xc nh nh sau:

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
i vi bo v phn ng theo tr s tng khi s c l t s gia tr s tnh ton
(dng in hoc in p) khi ngn mch chp dy trc tip trong vng bo v v
tr s khi ng.
i vi bo v phn ng theo tr s gim khi s c l t s gia tr s khi
ng v tr s tnh ton (in tr hoc in p) khi ngn mch chp dy trc tip
trong vng bo v.
Nhng tr s tnh ton phi c tnh theo dng s c bt li nht c th xy
ra trong thc t.
IV.2.20. Khi nh gi nhy ca cc bo v chnh cn phi cn c vo vic m bo
nhng h s nhy sau y:
1. Bo v qu dng c hoc khng c khi ng km p c hng hoc khng c
hng, cng nh bo v mt cp c hng hoc khng c hng c b lc th t
nghch v th t khng: i vi cc mch dng in v in p - khong 1,5.
i vi mch c hng cng sut th t nghch v th t khng - khong 2
theo cng sut v 1,5 theo dng in v in p.
i vi mch c hng cng sut u vo mch dng in ton phn v in
p ton phn th khng quy nh i vi cng sut, i vi dng in bng
khong 1,5 .
i vi bo v qu dng ca MBA c in p pha h p 0,23 0,4kV h s
nhy nh nht c th bng 1,5.
2. Bo v dng in tng cp hoc bo v dng in v in p c hng v
khng c hng u vo mch dng in ton phn v mch in p ton phn
hoc u vo cc thnh phn th t khng: i vi mch dng in v mch
in p ca cp bo v c dng tc ng khi ngn mch cui on c
bo v, h s nhy khng k tc ng d phng bng khong 1,5; cn khi c
cp d phng m bo tc ng c chn lc cho php gim h s nhy ca
cp d phng xung bng khong 1,3; khi c bo v thanh ci ring u ng
dy c nhy tng ng khong 1,5 v 1,3 i vi bo v th t khng cho
php tc ng theo ch bc thang ct theo tng cp.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
i vi mch c hng cng sut th t khng v th t nghch - khong 2
theo cng sut v khong 1,5 theo dng in v in p.
i vi mch c hng cng sut u vo dng in v in p ton phn th
khng qui nh theo cng sut v bng khong 1,5 theo dng in.
3. Bo v khong cch chng ngn mch nhiu pha:
i vi mch khi ng ca bt k loi bo v no, v i vi bo v khong
cch cp ba - khong 1,5.
i vi mch bo v khong cch cp hai dng tc ng khi c ngn mch
cui ng dy c bo v khng k n tc ng d phng - khong 1,5 v
i vi cp ba ca bo v khong cch - khong 1,25; i vi cc mch nu trn,
nhy theo dng in - khong 1,3 (theo t s vi dng in lm vic) khi c
s c ti im ny.
4. Bo v so lch dc my pht in, MBA, ng dy v cc phn t khc,
cng nh bo v so lch ton phn ca thanh ci - khong 2,0; i vi mch khi
ng theo dng in ca bo v so lch khng ton phn, bo v khong cch
ca thanh ci in p my pht in th h s nhy phi bng khong 2,0, cn
i vi cp mt ca bo v so lch khng ton phn ca thanh ci in p my
pht in c thc hin theo dng ct nhanh - khong 1,5 (khi ngn mch ti
thanh ci).
i vi bo v so lch my pht in v MBA, nhy c kim tra khi c
ngn mch ngay u ra ca chng. Tuy nhin, i vi my pht in tuabin nc
hoc my pht in tuabin c lm mt trc tip dy dn ca cun dy stato th
khng ph thuc vo nhy, dng in tc ng phi ly nh hn dng in
danh nh ca my pht in (xem iu IV.2.35). i vi MBA t ngu v
MBA tng p cng sut 63MVA tr ln, dng in tc ng khng tnh n ch
hm nn ly nh hn dng in danh nh (i vi MBA t ngu - nh hn
dng in tng ng vi cng sut chun). i vi cc MBA cng sut 25MVA
tr ln v dng in tc ng khng tnh n ch hm nn ly khng ln hn
1,5 dng in danh nh ca MBA.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Cho php gim h s nhy i vi bo v so lch MBA hoc khi my pht
in - MBA n tr s 1,5 trong nhng trng hp sau v m bo h s nhy
bng khong 2,0 s phc tp hoc khng thc hin c v mt k thut):
Khi ngn mch u ra pha h p ca MBA tng p cng sut nh hn
80MVA (c tnh n iu chnh in p).
Trong ch ng MBA di in p, cng nh ch lm vic ngn hn
ca MBA (v d khi ct mt trong cc ngun cung cp ca MBA 3 cun dy).
Khi ng in t mt trong cc ngun cung cp vo thanh ci b s c cho php
gim h s nhy i vi bo v so lch thanh ci n 1,5.
i vi bo v so lch MBA khi ngn mch ng sau cun in khng t pha h
p ca MBA v nm trong vng bo v so lch th h s nhy cng bng 1,5.
Khi c cc bo v khc bao trm c cun in khng v tho mn yu cu v
nhy ca bo v so lch MBA khi ngn mch cng im trn th khng qui nh
nhy.
5. Bo v so lch ngang c hng cho cc ng dy lm vic song song:
i vi rle dng in v rle in p ca b phn khi ng thuc hp b
bo v chng ngn mch gia cc pha v ngn mch chm t - khong 2,0, khi
cc my ct hai u ng dy c s c u ng (ngn mch im c cng
h s nhy) v bng khong 1,5 khi my ct pha u i din ca ng
dy s c m.
i vi mch c hng cng sut th t khng - khong 4,0 theo cng sut
v bng khong 2,0 theo dng in v in p khi my ct u i din m.
i vi mch c hng cng sut u vo dng in v in p ton phn th
h s nhy theo cng sut khng qui nh cn theo dng in bng khong
2,0 khi my ct hai u ng dy u ng v khong 1,5 khi my ct u
i din m.
6. Bo v c hng vi kho lin ng tn s cao:
i vi mch c hng cng sut th t nghch hoc th t khng kim
sot mch ct - khong 3,0 theo cng sut, khong 2,0 theo dng in v in p.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
i vi mch khi ng kim sot mch ct - khong 2,0 theo dng in v
in p, khong 1,5 theo in tr.
7. Bo v so lch pha tn s cao:
i vi mch khi ng kim sot mch ct - khong 2,0 theo dng in v
in p, khong 1,5 theo in tr (khong cch).
8. Bo v dng in ct nhanh khng thi gian t my pht in cng sut
n 1MW v t MBA, khi ngn mch ti ch t bo v - khong 2,0.
9. Bo v chm t trn cc ng cp ngm trong li in c trung tnh cch
ly (tc ng i bo hiu hoc ct): i vi bo v phn ng theo dng in tn s
c bn - khong 1,25; i vi bo v phn ng theo dng in tn s tng cao khong 1,5.
10. Bo v chng chm t trn DK trong li in c trung tnh cch ly tc
ng bo tn hiu hoc ct - khong 1,5.
IV.2.21. Khi xc nh nhy nu trong iu IV.2.20 mc 1, 2, 5 v 7 cn thit phi tnh
n nhng im sau y:
1. nhy theo cng sut ca rle cm ng nh hng cng sut ch kim tra
khi n u vo dng in v in p thnh phn th t nghch v th t khng.
2. nhy ca rle nh hng cng sut u theo s so snh (tr s tuyt
i hoc pha) th kim tra theo dng in khi n u vo dng in v in p
ton phn; kim tra theo dng in v in p khi n u vo dng in v in
p thnh phn th t nghch v th t khng.
IV.2.22. i vi cc my pht in ni trc tip vo thanh ci, nhy ca bo v dng
in chng ngn mch chm t trong cun dy stato tc ng i ct c xc
nh bng dng in khi ng khng ln hn 5A, ngoi l cho php tng dng
in khi ng n 5,5A.
i vi cc my pht in lm vic theo khi vi MBA h s nhy ca bo
v chng ngn mch mt pha chm t bao trm ton b cun dy stato phi
khng nh hn 2,0; i vi bo v in p th t khng khng bao trm ht
cun dy stato, in p khi ng khng c ln hn 15V.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.23. nhy ca bo v dng ngun in thao tc xoay chiu c thc hin bng s
kh mch shunt ca cun ct in t, phi c kim tra sai s thc t ca
my bin dng sau khi kh mch shunt. Khi h s nhy ti thiu ca cun
ct in t chng tc ng tin cy phi ln hn khong 20% so vi cc bo v
tng ng (xem iu IV.2.20).
IV.2.24. H s nhy nh nht i vi cc bo v d phng khi ngn mch cui phn
t ln cn hoc cui ca phn t xa nht trong cc phn t ni tip nm trong
vng bo v d phng phi bng (xem iu IV.2.17):
i vi mch dng in, in p v in tr bng 1,2.
i vi mch c hng cng sut th t nghch v th t khng: bng 1,4
theo cng sut v bng 1,2 theo dng in v in p.
i vi mch c hng cng sut u vo dng in v in p ton phn
khng qui nh i vi cng sut v bng 1,2 theo dng in.
Khi nh gi nhy ca cc cp bo v d phng gn (xem iu IV.2.14) cn
c vo cc h s nhy nu trong iu IV.2.20 i vi cc bo v tng ng.
IV.2.25. i vi bo v dng in ct nhanh khng thi gian t trn cc ng dy lm
nhim v bo v ph, h s nhy phi bng khong 1,2 khi ngn mch ni
t bo v trong iu kin c li nht v nhy.
IV.2.26. Nu bo v ca phn t pha sau tc ng m bo v ca phn t pha trc
khng tc ng c th do khng nhy th nhy ca cc bo v ny phi
c phi hp vi nhau.
Cho php khng phi phi hp nhy vi nhau i vi cc bo v d phng
xa, nu nh vic khng ct c ngn mch do khng nhy ca bo v ca
phn t pha sau (v d bo v th t nghch ca my pht in in, MBA t
ngu) c th dn n h hng nghim trng.
IV.2.27. Trong li in c trung tnh ni t trc tip, do yu cu ca bo v rle, phi
chn ch trung tnh ca cc MBA (ngha l phn b s lng MBA c trung

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
tnh ni t trc tip) sao cho khi c ngn mch chm t cc tr s v dng in
v in p m bo cho bo v ca cc phn t tc ng mi ch vn
hnh ca h thng in.
i vi MBA tng p hoc MBA c cung cp ngun t hai hoc ba pha
(hoc c cung cp ng k t cc ng c ng b hoc my b ng b) m
cun dy pha u ra trung tnh c cch in gim dn, phi loi tr kh nng
xut hin ch lm vic b cm i vi MBA ch trung tnh cch ly
phn thanh ci hoc phn li in 110 - 220kV b tch ra khi xut hin chm
t mt pha (xem iu IV.2.62). Mun vy, khi vn hnh ng thi mt s
MBA trung tnh cch ly v trung tnh ni t, phi d tnh bo v m bo ct
MBA trung tnh cch ly hoc c bin php t ng ni t trung tnh trc khi
ct cc MBA c trung tnh ni t lm vic cng chung thanh ci hoc phn
li .
IV.2.28. My bin dng dng cung cp cho mch dng in ca thit b bo v rle
chng ngn mch phi tho mn nhng yu cu sau:
1. Vi mc ch ngn chn tc ng sai khi ngn mch ngoi vng bo v, sai
s (ton phn hoc sai s dng in) ca my bin dng khng c qu 10%.
Cho php sai s ln hn trong trng hp dng bo v m khi sai s ln, tc
ng ng ca bo v m bo bng cc bin php c bit (v d bo v so lch
thanh ci c hm).
Nhng yu cu trn phi thc hin:
i vi cc bo v nhiu cp - khi ngn mch cui vng tc ng ca cp bo
v, cn i vi bo v c hng nhiu cp - cng nh trn v khi ngn mch ngoi.
i vi cc bo v cn li - khi ngn mch ngoi.
i vi bo v so lch dng (thanh ci, MBA, my pht in in v.v.) phi tnh
n sai s ton phn. i vi cc bo v cn li - sai s dng in, cn khi u
theo tng dng in ca hai hoc nhiu hn my bin dng v khi ngn mch
ngoi th tnh n sai s ton phn.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
2. trnh vic cc bo v t chi lm vic khi ngn mch u vng bo v,
sai s dng in khng c ln hn:
Tr s cho php theo rung tng cao ca tip im rle nh hng cng
sut hoc rle dng in - tr s cho php i vi loi rle chn.
i vi rle nh hng cng sut v rle nh hng in tr sai s gc l 50%.
3. in p u ra ca cun th cp ca my bin dng khi ngn mch trong
vng bo v khng c ln hn tr s cho php ca bo v v t ng.
IV.2.29. Mch dng in ca dng c o lng (cng vi cng t in) v bo v rle,
thng thng c u vo cc cun khc nhau ca my bin dng. Cho php
chng c u chung vo cun th cp ca my bin dng khi tho mn cc
yu cu nu iu I.5.16 - Phn I v IV.2.28. Khi mch bo v v nguyn
tc c th lm vic sai khi h hng mch dng in, ch cho php u cc dng
c o lng qua my bin dng trung gian vi iu kin my bin dng chnh
m bo cc yu cu nu iu IV.2.28 khi mch nh th ca my bin dng
trung gian h.
IV.2.30. Nn s dng loi rle tc ng trc tip (s cp hoc th cp) v bo v s dng
ngun in thao tc xoay chiu, nu vic c kh nng lm n gin, h gi
thnh cng trnh m vn m bo tin cy v tnh chn lc.
IV.2.31. Thng thng dng my bin dng ca phn t c bo v lm ngun in
thao tc xoay chiu cho b bo v chng ngn mch. Cng cho php dng my
bin in p hoc MBA t dng lm ngun in thao tc xoay chiu.
Tu thuc vo iu kin c th phi s dng mt trong cc s sau: s kh
mch shunt ca cun ct in t ca my ct, s c khi ngun nui, s c
thit b np t in.
VI.2.32. Nhng thit b bo v rle cn tch khi lm vic theo yu cu phng thc lm
vic ca li in, theo iu kin tnh chn lc hoc theo cc nguyn nhn khc,

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
phi c thit b i ni ring nhn vin vn hnh c th tch chng khi s
lm vic.
tin vic kim tra v th nghim, trong cc s bo v phi c hp th
nghim hoc cc kp u dy th nghim nhng ni cn thit.

Bo v my pht in ni trc tip vo thanh ci

in p my pht in
VI.2.33. i vi my pht in in p cao hn 1kV, cng sut ln hn 1MW ni trc
tip vo thanh ci in p my pht phi dng cc thit b bo v rle chng cc
dng s c v cc ch lm vic khng bnh thng sau:
1. Ngn mch nhiu pha trong cun dy stato ca my pht in v cc u ra.
2. Chm t mt pha trong cun dy stato.
3. Chm t hai im, mt im trong cun dy stato v mt im ngoi li.
4. Ngn mch gia cc vng dy ca mt pha trong cun dy stato (trng hp
cc nhnh song song ca cun dy c a ra ngoi).
5. Ngn mch ngoi.
6. Qu ti dng in th t nghch (i vi my pht in cng sut ln hn
30MW).
7. Qu ti i xng ca cun dy stato.
8. Qu ti dng in kch thch ca rto (i vi my pht in lm mt trc tip
dy dn ca cun dy).
9. Ngn mch chm t mt im hoc hai im trong mch kch thch (tng
ng vi iu IV.2.47 v 84.)
10. Ch khng ng b cng vi mt kch thch (tng ng vi iu
IV.2.48).
11. Qu in p cun dy stato my pht in tuabin nc.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.34. i vi my pht in in p cao hn 1kV c cng sut n 1MW ni trc tip
vo thanh ci in p my pht in cn phi c cc thit b bo v rle tng
ng vi iu IV.2.33 mc 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.
i vi my pht in in p n 1kV cng sut n 1MW ni trc tip vo
thanh ci in p my pht in cc bo v thc hin n gin theo iu
IV.2.49.
IV.2.35. i vi bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha trong cun dy stato ca my pht
in in p cao hn 1kV cng sut ln hn 1MW m c cc u ra ring tng
pha ca cun dy stato pha trung tnh cn phi t bo v so lch dc, bo v
phi tc ng i ct tt c cc my ct ca my pht in, i dp t v dng
tuabin.
Trong vng bo v ngoi bn thn my pht in, cn phi bao gm cc on
u ni ca my pht in vi thanh ci ca nh my in (n my ct).
Bo v so lch dc c thc hin vi dng tc ng khng ln hn 0,6 Id (Id l
dng in danh nh ca my pht in). i vi my pht in cng sut n
30MW c lm mt gin tip cho php thc hin bo v vi dng tc ng bng
(1,3 1,4)Id. Kim tra t mch dng in ca bo v nn thc hin khi dng
in tc ng ca bo v ln hn Id.
Bo v so lch dc phi c chnh nh theo tr s dng in qu khng cn
bng (v d rle vi my bin dng bo ho).
Bo v thc hin theo s ba pha ba rle. i vi my pht in cng sut n
30MW cho php dng s hai pha hai rle khi c bo v chng chm t ti
hai im.
IV.2.36. bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha trong cun dy stato ca my pht in
in p trn 1kV cng sut n 1MW lm vic song song vi cc my pht in
khc hoc vi h thng in phi t bo v dng in ct nhanh khng thi gian
pha cc u ra ca my pht in ni vi thanh ci. Nu bo v ct nhanh
khng nhy th cho php t bo v so lch dc.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
i vi my pht in cng sut ln hn khng c u ra ring tng pha pha
trung tnh ca stato c th dng bo v ct nhanh thay cho bo v so lch dc.
i vi my pht in lm vic c lp in p cao hn 1kV cng sut n
1MW cho php dng bo v chng ngn mch ngoi lm bo v chng ngn
mch cc pha trong cun dy stato (xem iu IV.2.43). Bo v phi tc ng ct
tt c cc my ct ca my pht in v dp t.
IV.2.37. bo v chng chm t mt pha trong cun dy stato ca my pht in in
p trn 1kV khi dng in in dung t nhin lc chm t l 5A v ln hn
(khng k c hoc khng c b) phi t bo v dng in phn ng theo dng
in chm t ton phn hoc theo thnh phn sng hi bc cao ca n. Khi cn,
phi dng my bin dng th t khng t trc tip ti u ra ca my pht in.
Cng nn dng bo v trong trng hp dng in in dung khi chm t nh
hn 5A. Bo v phi c chnh nh theo qu trnh qu v tc ng nh
iu IV.2.35 hoc IV.2.36.
Trng hp khng t bo v chm t (do dng in in dung khi chm t
nh hn 5A nu khng nhy) hoc bo v khng tc ng (v d khi c b
dng in in dung trong li in in p my pht) th dng thit b kim tra
cch in t trn thanh ci tc ng bo tn hiu.
IV.2.38. Khi t my bin dng th t khng trn my pht in bo v chng chm
t mt pha, phi d kin b bo v chng chm t hai im c u vo my
bin dng ny.
nng cao tin cy ca bo v khi dng in ln nn dng rle c my bin
dng bo ho. Bo v phi thc hin khng thi gian v tc ng theo iu
IV.2.35 hoc IV.2.36.
IV.2.39. bo v chng ngn mch gia cc vng dy ca mt pha trong cun dy stato
khi cun dy c cc nhnh ra song song phi t bo v so lch ngang mt h
thng tc ng khng thi gian nh bo v iu IV.2.35.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.40. bo v my pht in cng sut ln hn 30MW chng ngn mch ngoi
khng i xng cng nh bo v chng qu ti dng in th t nghch phi t
bo v dng in th t nghch tc ng ct vi hai cp thi gian (xem iu
IV.2.44).
i vi my pht in lm mt trc tip dy dn ca cun dy th dng bo v
nhiu cp thi gian hoc c c tnh thi gian ph thuc, khi thi gian cp hai
v thi gian ca c tnh ph thuc khng c ln hn c tnh qu ti dng
in th t nghch cho php.
i vi my pht in lm mt gin tip cun dy, phi dng bo v c c tnh
thi gian khng ph thuc vi dng in tc ng khng ln hn dng in th
t nghch cho php ca my pht in ny trong thi gian 2 pht; cp thi gian
nh ca bo v khng ln hn thi gian cho php khi ngn mch hai pha u
ra ca my pht in.
Bo v dng in th t nghch tc ng ct phi c thm phn t nhy hn tc
ng bo tn hiu vi c tnh thi gian khng ph thuc. Dng in tc ng
ca phn t ny phi khng c ln hn dng in th t nghch cho php lu
di i vi loi my pht in ny.
IV.2.41. bo v my pht in cng sut ln hn 30MW chng ngn mch ngoi i
xng phi t bo v dng in c khi ng km p thc hin bng mt rle
dng in u vo dng in pha v mt rle km p u vo in p dy. Dng
in tc ng ca bo v ny phi bng khong (1,3 1,5)Id v in p khi
ng bng khong (0,5 0,6)Ud.
i vi my pht in lm mt trc tip dy dn ca cun dy, thay cho bo v
trn, c th t bo v khong cch mt rle.
IV.2.42. bo v my pht in cng sut trn 1MW n 30MW chng ngn mch
ngoi phi dng bo v dng in c vi khi ng in p, thc hin bng mt
rle km p u vo in p dy v mt thit b rle lc in p th t nghch
ct mch ca rle km p.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Dng in khi ng ca bo v v in p khi ng ca mch km p ly theo
tr s cho iu IV.2.41, in p khi ng ca rle lc in p th t nghch
bng (0,1 0,12) Ud.
IV.2.43. i vi my pht in in p cao hn 1kV cng sut n 1MW chng ngn
mch ngoi phi dng bo v qu dng in u vo my bin dng pha trung
tnh my pht in. Tr s chnh nh phi chn theo dng in ph ti vi mc
d tr cn thit. Cng cho php dng bo v km p n gin (khng c rle
dng in).
IV.2.44. i vi my pht in cng sut ln hn 1MW, bo v chng ngn mch ngoi
phi thc hin nhng yu cu sau:
1. Bo v phi u vo my bin dng t pha u ra trung tnh ca my
pht in.
2. Khi thanh ci in p my pht in c phn on th bo v phi thc hin
theo hai cp thi gian: cp th nht - thi gian ngn - tc ng ct my ct
phn on; cp th hai - thi gian di - tc ng ct my ct ca my pht
in v dp t.
IV.2.45. i vi my pht in lm mt trc tip dy dn ca cun dy phi c bo v
chng qu ti rto khi lm vic vi my kch thch chnh hoc my kch thch
ph. Bo v thc hin theo c tnh thi gian ph thuc hoc khng ph thuc
v phn ng khi dng in hoc in p tng cao trong cun dy rto. Bo v tc
ng ct my pht in v dp t. Vi cp thi gian ngn hn phi tc ng
gim ti cho rto.
IV.2.46. Bo v chng qu ti i xng ca my pht in phi dng dng in mt pha
ca stato cho b bo v qu dng in c thi gian i tc ng bo tn hiu.
gim ti hoc khi cn thit t ng ct my pht in lm mt trc tip dy
dn ca cun dy khi c qu ti i xng, cho php dng bo v rto theo iu
IV.2.45 v phn ng theo qu ti rto dn n qu ti my pht in.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.47. Ch cn t mt b bo v chng ngn mch chm t im th hai trong mch
kch thch chnh ca my pht in chung cho mt s my pht in (nhng
khng qu 3 my) c cc thng s ca mch kch thch gn ging nhau. Ch a
bo v vo lm vic khi nh k kim tra cch in pht hin mt im chm t
trong mch kch thch (xem Chng I.6 - Phn I). Bo v phi tc ng ct my
ct ca my pht in ng thi dp t ca my pht in lm mt trc tip dy
dn cun dy v tc ng bo tn hiu hoc ct my pht in i vi my pht
in lm mt gin tip.
IV.2.48. i vi my pht in lm mt trc tip dy dn ca cun dy cn t thit b
bo v chng ch khng ng b km theo mt kch thch. Cho php thay th
bng cch t ng pht hin ch khng ng b ch theo tnh trng ca thit
b dp t. Khi thit b bo v trn tc ng hoc khi ct b t ng dp t (TDT),
i vi my pht in cho php lm vic ch khng ng b th phi tc
ng i bo tn hiu mt kch thch.
Cc my pht in loi khng cho php lm vic ch khng ng b xem
iu IV.2.85.
IV.2.49. bo v my pht in in p n 1kV cng sut n 1MW c im trung
tnh khng ni t, chng mi dng s c v ch lm vic khng bnh thng,
cho php t ptmt c b ct qu dng in hoc my ct c thit b bo
v qu dng in thc hin theo s hai pha. Trong trng hp c u ra
pha trung tnh, nu c th, nn u bo v ni trn vo my bin dng t
u ra ny.
i vi cc my pht in nu nhng c trung tnh ni t trc tip phi t
bo v u theo s ba pha.

Bo v MBA(*) c cun cao p t 6kV tr ln

v cun in khng b ngang 500kV
(*) Nu khng c din gii ring th thut ng MBA c hiu l c MBA thng thng
v MBA t ngu (c in p v cng sut tng ng).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.50. MBA phi t mt phn hoc ton b cc thit b bo v rle chng cc dng s
c v ch lm vic khng bnh thng sau, ty thuc vo dung lng v cp
in p ca MBA:
1. Ngn mch nhiu pha trong cc cun dy v trn u ra.
2. Ngn mch mt pha chm t trong cc cun dy v trn cc u ra li c
trung tnh ni t trc tip.
3. Ngn mch gia cc vng dy trong cc cun dy.
4. Qu dng in trong cc cun dy do ngn mch ngoi.
5. Qu dng in trong cc cun dy do qu ti.
6. Mc du h thp.
7. p lc du tng cao trong MBA.
8. p lc du tng cao trong b iu p di ti.
9. Nhit du tng cao trong MBA.
10. Nhit cun dy MBA tng cao.
11. Phng in cc b cch in u vo 500kV .
12. Chm t mt pha trong li 6 -10kV c trung tnh cch ly sau MBA m khi
chm t mt pha phi ct (xem iu IV.2.95 v iu IV.2.96) theo yu cu v
an ton.
Ngoi ra nn t bo v chng chm t mt pha pha 6 - 35kV i vi MBA
t ngu c in p pha cao p bng v cao hn 220kV .
IV.2.51. i vi cun in khng b ngang 500kV phi t thit b bo v chng cc
dng s c v ch lm vic khng bnh thng sau:
1. Ngn mch mt pha v hai pha chm t trong cc cun dy v cc u ra.
2. Ngn mch gia cc vng dy trong cun dy.
3. p lc du tng cao.
4. Mc du h thp.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
5. Phng in cc b cch in u vo.
IV.2.52. Phi t bo v hi chng s c bn trong my do pht sinh kh, chng mc
du h thp v p lc du tng cao i vi:
MBA cng sut 6,3MVA tr ln v ln hn.
Cun in khng b ngang 500kV.
MBA gim p ca phn xng c cng sut t 1MVA tr ln.
Trn MBA cng sut t 1 n di 6,3MVA cng nn t bo v hi.
Bo v hi phi tc ng bo tn hiu khi tc sinh kh yu, khi mc du h
thp, tc ng ct khi tc sinh kh mnh v mc du tip tc h.
Cng c th dng rle p lc bo v chng cc s c bn trong MBA c km
theo sinh kh. Bo v chng mc du h thp cng c th thc hin bng mt
rle kim tra mc du ring t trong bnh gin n du ca MBA.
bo v thit b iu chnh in p di ti dng tip im c dp h quang
trong du cn t ring cho n rle dng du v mng p lc.
Phi tnh trc n kh nng chuyn tc ng ct bng bo v hi sang tc ng
bo tn hiu v thc hin tch ring cc tn hiu mch bo tn hiu v tn hiu
mch ct ca bo v hi (tnh cht tn hiu khc nhau).
Cho php bo v hi ch bo tn hiu trong cc trng hp sau:
i vi MBA t trong vng c ng t.
i vi MBA gim p cng sut n 2,5MVA khng c my ct pha
cao p.
IV.2.53. chng s c u ra v bn trong ca MBA v cun in khng b ngang
phi t cc bo v sau:
1. Bo v so lch dc khng thi gian i vi MBA cng sut 6,3MVA tr ln,
cun in khng b ngang 500kV cng nh i vi MBA cng sut 4MVA tr
ln khi chng lm vic song song.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Bo v so lch c th t MBA c cng sut nh hn nhng khng di
1MVA nu:
Bo v dng in ct nhanh khng nhy, cn bo v qu dng in c
thi gian ln hn 0,5 giy.
MBA t vng c ng t.
2. Bo v dng in ct nhanh khng thi gian t pha ngun v bao trm
mt phn cun dy MBA, nu khng c bo v so lch.
Nhng bo v ny phi tc ng ct tt c cc my ct ca MBA.
IV.2.54. Bo v so lch dc phi c thc hin bng cch s dng cc rle dng in c
bit c chnh nh trnh dng in t ho t bin, dng in khng cn bng
qu v n nh (v d dng my bin dng bo ho, dng cc cun hm).
cc MBA cng sut n 25MVA cho php thc hin bo v bng rle dng in,
c chnh nh dng in khi ng theo iu kin trnh dng in t ho qu
v dng in khng cn bng qu nu bo v ny m bo nhy.
Bo v so lch dc phi c thc hin sao cho cc phn u ni ca MBA vi
thanh ci cng nm trong vng bo v ca n.
Cho php dng my bin dng t sn trong MBA cho bo v so lch khi c cc
bo v khc m bo ct ngn mch vi thi gian nhanh phn u ni MBA
vi thanh ci. Nu trong mch in p thp c t cun in khng v bo v
MBA khng m bo nhy khi ngn mch sau cun in khng th cho
php t my bin dng in pha u ra in p thp MBA k c thc hin
bo v cun in khng.
IV.2.55. Cc bo v so lch v bo v hi ca MBA, cun in khng b ngang khng
bt buc c b cm bin c chc nng khi ng cc thit b cha chy. Khi
ng cc thit b cha chy phi c thc hin bng cc thit b pht hin
chy ring.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.56. Thit b kim tra cch in u vo (KTCV) 500kV phi tc ng bo tn hiu
khi c phng in cc b u vo (khng cn thit phi ct ngay) v ch tc
ng ct khi cch in ca u vo b h hng (trc khi cch in b chc
thng hon ton).
Cn phi c kho lin ng trnh KTCV lm vic sai khi t mch ni
KTCV vi u vo.
IV.2.57. Trong trng hp MBA (tr MBA phn xng) ni vi ng dy in khng
c my ct (v d theo s khi ng dy - MBA) th vic ct MBA phi
c thc hin bng mt trong cc bin php sau y:
1. t dao to ngn mch to chm t mt pha nhn to (i vi li c
trung tnh ni t trc tip) hoc to ngn mch gia hai pha (i vi li c
trung tnh cch ly) v nu cn thit, t dao cch ly t ng t ng ct ng
dy thi im khng c dng in ca TL. Dao to ngn mch phi t
ngoi vng bo v so lch ca MBA.
2. t cu chy h pha cao p ca MBA gim p lm chc nng ca dao to
ngn mch v dao cch ly t ng trong s c kt hp vi TL ca ng dy.
3. Truyn tn hiu ct n my ct (hoc cc my ct) ng dy. Khi , nu
cn thit, t dao cch ly t ng. d phng cho truyn tn hiu ct cho php
t dao to ngn mch.
Khi gii quyt vn dng truyn tn hiu ct thay cho bin php mc 1 v 2
phi tnh n cc iu kin sau:
Tnh quan trng ca ng dy v kh nng chu ngn mch nhn to trn
ng dy .
Cng sut MBA v thi gian cho php gii tr s c trong MBA.
Khong cch t trm n u ng dy ngun v kh nng ct ngn mch
gn ca my ct.
4. t cu chy pha cao p ca MBA gim p.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Cc bin php mc 1- 4 c th khng p dng cho s khi ng dy MBA nu khi ngun t hai pha MBA c bo v bng bo v chung ca khi
(bo v cao tn hoc bo v so lch chuyn dng) hoc cng sut MBA n
25MVA khi ngun t mt pha, nu bo v ca ng dy ngun m bo bo
v c c MBA (bo v tc ng nhanh ca ng dy bo v c mt phn
MBA, v bo v d phng ca ng dy vi thi gian khng ln hn 1 giy
bo v c ton b MBA); khi bo v hi ch bo tn hiu.
Trong trng hp s dng bin php mc 1 hoc mc 3 th MBA phi t
cc thit b sau:
Khi pha cao p ca MBA (110kV tr ln) c my bin dng in t sn th t cc bo v theo iu IV.2.52, IV.2.53, IV.2.58 v 59.
Khi khng c my bin dng t sn - t bo v so lch (tng ng vi
IV.2.53) hoc bo v qu dng in s dng my bin dng t ngoi hoc my
bin dng t tnh, v bo v hi theo iu IV.2.52.
Cho php bo v ng dy loi tr s c u ra pha in p cao ca MBA.
C bit khi khng c my bin dng t sn cho php s dng my bin dng di
ng nu s dng bin dng t ngoi hoc bin dng t tnh khng m bo
c c tnh yu cu ca bo v.
i vi bo v MBA c in p cao 35kV khi dng bin php mc 1 phi s
dng bin dng di ng; khi vic t cc dao to ngn mch v cc bin dng
di ng phi c tnh ton trn c s kinh t - k thut.
Nu dng cu chy h (xem mc 2) tng nhy ca bo v hi, c th thc
hin to ngn mch nhn to trn cu chy bng c hc.
IV.2.58. MBA cng sut 1,6MVA tr ln, chng qu dng in do ngn mch ngoi
phi dng nhng bo v tc ng ct nh sau:
1. i vi MBA tng p c ngun cung cp t hai pha: dng bo v dng in
th t nghch chng ngn mch khng i xng v bo v dng in c khi
ng km p chng ngn mch i xng hoc bo v dng in c khi ng
km p (xem iu IV.2.42).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
2. i vi MBA gim p: dng bo v dng in c hoc khng kt hp iu
kin km p; MBA gim p cng sut ln, khi c ngun cung cp t hai pha
cng c php dng bo v dng in th t nghch chng ngn mch khng
i xng v bo v dng in c khi ng km p chng ngn mch i xng.
Khi chn dng in khi ng ca bo v dng in phi ch n dng in
qu ti c th c khi ct MBA lm vic song song v dng in t khi ng ca
ng c do MBA cung cp.
cc MBA gim p t ngu 500kV nn t bo v khong cch khi c yu cu
m bo d phng xa hoc phi hp vi cc bo v ca cc li in in p ln
cn; cng nn t cc bo v nu i vi cc MBA t ngu 220kV .
IV.2.59. MBA cng sut nh hn 1,6MVA phi dng bo v dng in tc ng ct
khi c ngn mch nhiu pha bn ngoi.
MBA 35kV tr xung, cng sut 1,6MVA tr xung, c th dng cu chy
bo v thay bo v dng in ct nhanh v qu dng in theo iu IV.2.3.
IV.2.60. Phi t bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha bn ngoi nh sau:
1. i vi MBA hai cun dy - t pha ngun cung cp chnh.
2. i vi MBA nhiu cun dy c ba my ct tr ln - t mi pha ca
MBA, tuy nhin cng cho php khng t bo v mt trong cc pha, nhng
bo v t pha ngun cung cp chnh phi c hai cp thi gian v cp thi
gian ngn hn cho tc ng ct my ct pha khng t bo v ny.
3. i vi MBA gim p hai cun dy cung cp cho cc phn on lm vic
ring r - t pha ngun cung cp v cc pha ca tng phn on.
Khi thc hin bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha bn ngoi phi theo iu
IV.2.58, mc 2 v cng phi xem xt kh nng cn thit phi thm bo v dng
in ct nhanh ct ngn mch trn thanh ci pha h p v pha trung p vi
thi gian ngn hn (cn c vo mc dng in ngn mch, c t bo v ring
cho thanh ci, kh nng phi hp vi bo v ca cc l ra).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.61. Khi bo v chng ngn mch ngoi ca MBA tng p khng nhy v tnh
chn lc, c dng cc rle dng in ca bo v tng ng ca my pht in
bo v cho MBA.
IV.2.62. i vi MBA tng p cng sut 1MVA tr ln v MBA c ngun cung cp t 2
v 3 pha, v MBA t ngu cn d phng ct ngn mch chm t cc phn t
ln cn. Ngoi ra, MBA t ngu cn phi theo yu cu m bo tnh chn lc
ca bo v chng chm t ca li in cc in p khc nhau bng cch t
bo v dng in th t khng chng ngn mch chm t bn ngoi v t
pha cun dy ni vi li c dng in chm t ln.
Khi li in c MBA c cch in ca cun dy u ra trung tnh gim dn,
ang vn hnh vi trung tnh cch ly phi c bin php ngn chn ch vn
hnh b cm vi trung tnh ca MBA ny nu trong iu IV.2.27. thc hin
c mc ch ny, nh my in hoc trm bin p c MBA trung tnh ni
t v trung tnh cch ly cng lm vic c ngun pha in p thp th phi d
tnh bo v m bo ct MBA trung tnh cch ly hoc c bin php t ng ni
t trung tnh trc khi ct cc MBA c trung tnh ni t lm vic cng chung
thanh ci hoc phn li .
IV.2.63. i vi MBA t ngu v MBA nhiu cun dy, c ngun t mt vi pha, bo
v chng ngn mch ngoi phi thc hin c hng nu do iu kin chn lc
yu cu.
IV.2.64. i vi MBA t ngu 220 - 500kV trm bin p hoc i vi khi my pht
in - MBA 500kV v MBA t ngu lin lc 220 - 500kV ca nh my in
phi t bo v chng ngn mch ngoi c gia tc tc ng nhanh, khi khng
cho bo v so lch thanh ci lm vic, m bo ct cc phn t s c cn li
m khng c bo v tc ng nhanh vi thi gian khong 0,5 giy.
IV.2.65. i vi MBA gim p v khi MBA - ng dy trc, c in p pha cao p
n 35kV v cun dy pha h p ni hnh sao vi trung tnh ni t, phi c bo
v chng ngn mch mt pha chm t li h p bng cch dng:

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
1. Bo v dng in chng ngn mch ngoi t pha cao p ca MBA v nu
cn m bo nhy tt c th dng s ba rle.
2. ptmt hoc cu chy u ra pha h p.
3. Bo v th t khng c bit t dy trung tnh ca MBA (khi nhy ca
bo v theo mc 1 v 2 khng m bo).
C th khng cn t bo v theo mc 3 i vi cc thit b in cng nghip,
nu cc t in h p c thit b bo v cho cc l ra t gn MBA (cch 30m tr
xung) hoc nu dng cp ba pha ni t MBA n cc t ny.
Khi dng bo v theo mc 3 th cho php khng cn phi hp n vi cc bo v
ca cc l ra t t h p.
i vi s ng dy - MBA, trng hp s dng bo v theo mc 3 c
php ch cn tc ng ti ptmt pha h p m khng cn t cp nh th
bo v ny tc ng ti my ct pha cao p.
Nu pha cao p ca MBA nu trn c t cu chy th cng c th p dng nh
trong im ny.
IV.2.66. i vi MBA gim p in p pha cao p 6 - 10kV, pha h p cung cp cho cc
t c l ra c bo v bng cu chy nn t cu chy tng hoc ptmt.
Nu cc cu chy pha t in h p v cu chy (hoc bo v) pha cao p
do cng mt nhn vin vn hnh qun l th c th khng t cu chy tng hoc
ptmt pha h p.
IV.2.67. Bo v chng chm t mt pha theo iu IV.2.50 mc 12 phi c thc hin
theo iu IV.2.95 v iu IV.2.96.
IV.2.68. i vi MBA cng sut 0,4MVA tr ln tu theo tn sut v kh nng chu qu
ti nn t bo v qu dng in chng qu ti tc ng bo tn hiu.
i vi cc trm khng c ngi trc cho php bo v ny tc ng t ng
gim ti hoc i ct (khi khng gii tr c qu ti bng cc bin php khc).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.69. Nu pha trung tnh ca MBA c t thm MBA ph iu chnh in p
di ti th ngoi nhng qui nh trong cc iu IV.2.50 - IV.2.56, IV.2.58,
IV.2.62 phi t thm cc bo v sau:
Bo v hi cho MBA ph.
Bo v dng in c hm khi ngn mch ngoi chng s c cun s cp
MBA ph, tr khi cun s cp ca MBA ph nm trong vng tc ng ca bo
v so lch ca pha h p ca MBA chnh.
Bo v so lch bao trm cun th cp ca MBA ph.
IV.2.70. bo v MBA ph t pha h p ca MBA t ngu phi t cc bo v sau:
Bo v hi ca bn thn MBA ph v bo v hi ca b iu chnh in p
di ti c th bng rle p lc hoc rle hi ring.
Bo v so lch mch h p ca MBA t ngu.

Bo v khi my pht in - MBA

IV.2.71. i vi khi my pht in - MBA cng sut my pht in 10MW tr ln phi
c nhng bo v rle chng cc dng s c v ch lm vic khng bnh
thng sau:
1. Ngn mch chm t pha in p my pht in.
2. Ngn mch nhiu pha trong cun dy stato my pht in v cc u ra
ca chng.
3. Ngn mch gia cc vng dy ca mt pha trong cun dy stato my pht
in (tng ng vi iu IV.2.75).
4. Ngn mch nhiu pha trong cc cun dy MBA v trn cc u ra MBA.
5. Ngn mch mt pha chm t trong cun dy MBA v trn u ra ni vi
li c dng in chm t ln.
6. Ngn mch gia cc vng dy trong cc cun dy MBA.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
7. Ngn mch ngoi.
8. Qu ti MBA do dng in th t nghch (i vi khi c my pht in
cng sut ln hn 30MW).
9. Qu ti i xng ca cun dy stato my pht in v cc cun dy MBA.
10. Qu ti cun dy rto ca my pht in do dng in kch thch (i vi
my pht in tuabin lm mt trc tip dy dn cun dy v i vi my pht
in tuabin nc).
11. in p tng cao trn cun dy stato ca my pht in v MBA ca khi
(i vi my pht in tuabin cng sut 160MW tr ln v i vi tt c cc
khi c my pht in tuabin nc) (xem iu IV.2.83).
12. Ngn mch chm t mt im (xem iu IV.2.47) v hai im (xem iu
IV.2.84) trong mch kch thch.
13. Ch khng ng b km mt kch thch (xem iu IV.2.85).
14. H thp mc du trong MBA.
15. Phng in cc b cch in u vo 500kV ca MBA.
IV.2.72. Nhng qui nh v bo v my pht in v MBA tng p khi chng lm vic
ring r cng p dng nh khi chng u theo s khi my pht in - MBA
(MBA t ngu) tr mt s im thay i nu trong iu IV.2.73 - IV.2.89.
IV.2.73. i vi khi my pht in cng sut ln hn 30MW thng c bo v chng
chm t mch in p my pht in bao trm ton b cun dy stato.
i vi my pht in cng sut n 30MW cn t thit b bo v bao trm
85% cun dy stato.
Bo v phi tc ng ct c thi gian khng ln hn 0,5 giy i vi tt c cc
khi khng c nhnh r in p my pht v c nhnh r n MBA t dng.
cc khi c lin h in vi li t dng hoc vi h tiu th c cung cp bi
ng dy t nhnh r gia my pht in v MBA, nu dng in in dung
khi ngn mch chm t bng 5A tr ln th phi t bo v chng ngn mch

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
chm t tc ng ct cun stato my pht in v chng chm t hai im nh
i vi my ni vi thanh ci (xem iu IV.2.37 v iu IV.2.38); nu dng in
dung khi chm t nh hn 5A th bo v chng chm t c th thc hin nh i
vi cc khi khng c nhnh r in p my pht in v tc ng bo tn hiu.
Khi c my ct mch my pht in th phi thm mch tn hiu chm t pha
in p my pht in ca MBA ca khi.
IV.2.74. i vi bo v khi my pht in lm mt gin tip, gm mt my pht in v
mt MBA v khng c my ct pha in p my pht in th t bo v so
lch chung cho c khi. Khi c my ct pha in p my pht in phi c bo
v so lch ring cho my pht in v bo v so lch ring cho MBA.
Khi s dng khi c hai MBA thay v mt my, cng nh trng hp hai my
pht in ni khi vi mt MBA v khng c my ct pha in p my pht
in (khi tng cng), th trn tng my pht in v MBA cng sut 125MVA
tr ln phi t bo v so lch dc ring. Khi khng c my bin dng t sn
pha h p ca MBA th cho php dng bo v so lch chung cho hai MBA.
i vi khi c my pht in lm mt trc tip dy dn ca cun dy nn t
bo v so lch dc ring cho my pht in. Khi nu mch in p my pht
c my ct th phi t bo v so lch ring cho MBA (hoc ring cho tng
MBA nu khi c my pht in lm vic vi hai MBA, khi khng c my bin
dng t sn u vo pha h p ca cc MBA ny, cho php dng bo v so lch
chung cho cc MBA ca khi); khi khng c my ct, bo v MBA nn t hoc
bo v so lch ring hoc bo v so lch chung cho khi (i vi khi gm mt my
pht in v mt MBA tt nht l dng bo v so lch chung cho khi).
pha cao p ca MBA, bo v so lch ca MBA (khi) c th u vo my
bin dng t sn trong MBA ca khi. Khi bo v thanh ci gia my ct
pha cao p v khi ca MBA phi t bo v ring.
Bo v so lch ring ca my pht in phi thc hin theo s ba pha ba rle
v dng khi ng tng t nh nu iu IV.2.35.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
d phng cho cc bo v so lch nu trn, i vi khi c my pht in
160MW tr ln lm mt trc tip dy dn cc cun dy, phi t bo v so lch
d phng bao trm my pht in, MBA v cc thanh ci pha cao p.
Cng nn t bo v so lch d phng i vi my pht in lm mt trc tip
dy dn cc cun dy c cng sut nh hn 160MW.
Khi p dng bo v so lch d phng cc khi khng c my ct trong mch
in p my pht nn t cc bo v so lch chnh ring cho my pht in v
my bin p.
Khi c my ct trong mch my pht in, bo v so lch d phng phi thc
hin tc ng c thi gian t 0,35 n 0,5 giy.
IV.2.75. i vi my pht in m cun dy stato c hai hoc ba nhnh song song phi
t bo v so lch ngang mt h thng chng ngn mch gia cc vng dy
trong mt pha vi tc ng khng thi gian.
IV.2.76. i vi khi c my pht in cng sut 160MW tr ln lm mt trc tip dy
dn cc cun dy, phi t bo v dng in th t nghch vi c tnh tch phn
ph thuc phi hp vi c tnh qu ti dng in th t nghch cho php ca
my pht in c bo v. Bo v phi tc ng ct my ct ca my pht in,
nu khng c my ct th tc ng ct c khi. bo v d phng cho cc phn
t ln cn ca khi th bo v ni trn phi c c tnh thi gian khng ph thuc
tc ng ct khi ra khi li in v c hai cp thi gian ph hp vi iu
IV.2.80.
i vi khi c my pht in cng sut nh hn 160MW lm mt trc tip dy
dn cc cun dy v i vi khi c my pht in tuabin nc cng sut trn
30MW lm mt gin tip th bo v dng in th t nghch phi c thc hin
c cp thi gian hoc c c tnh thi gian ph thuc. Khi mi cp ca bo
v c th c mt hoc nhiu cp thi gian tc ng (xem iu IV.2.80 mc 4).
Cp thi gian hoc c tnh thi gian ph thuc phi c phi hp vi c tnh
qu ti dng in th t nghch cho php ca my pht in (xem iu IV.2.40).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Khi c my pht in lm mt gin tip cng sut ln hn 30MW, phi c bo
v thc hin theo yu cu ca iu IV.2.40.
Ngoi bo v tc ng ct my, tt c cc khi c my pht in cng sut ln
hn 30MW phi c tn hiu bo qu ti dng in th t nghch thc hin theo
iu IV.2.40
IV.2.77. i vi khi c my pht in cng sut ln hn 30MW bo v chng ngn
mch ngoi i xng phi thc hin nh nu trong iu IV.2.41. Khi i
vi my pht in tuabin nc, in p khi ng ca bo v ly bng 0,6 - 0,7
in p danh nh. i vi khi c my pht in c kch thch d phng th bo
v nu trn phi thc hin bng rle dng in u vo pha cao p ca khi.
i vi khi c my pht in cng sut 60MW tr ln th bo v nu trn nn
c thay th bng bo v khong cch. i vi khi c my pht in lm mt
trc tip dy dn cc cun dy, cho php thay th bo v so lch d phng (xem
iu IV.2.74) bng bo v khong cch hai cp chng ngn mch nhiu pha.
Cp th nht ca bo v ny, thc hin d phng gn, phi c b phn kho
chng dao ng v tc ng nh nu trong iu IV.2.80, mc 3 vi thi gian
khng ln hn 1 giy. Cp th nht cng phi m bo bao trm chc chn ton
b MBA ca khi, trong khi m bo tnh chn lc vi bo v ca cc phn t
ln cn. Bt buc phi c d phng cho cp th nht ca bo v my pht in
nu trn khi t bo v so lch ring cho my pht in v MBA.
Cp th hai ca bo v lm bo v d phng xa, phi tc ng nh nu trong
iu IV.2.80 mc 2.
K c khi c bo v so lch d phng tng hiu qu d phng xa nn t bo
v khong cch hai cp. C hai cp ca bo v khong cch phi tc ng nh
nu trong iu IV.2.80 mc 2.
IV.2.78. i vi khi c my pht in cng sut n 30MW, bo v chng ngn mch
ngoi phi c thc hin theo iu IV.2.42. Cc thng s tc ng ca bo v
i vi my pht in tuabin nc phi theo iu IV.2.41, IV.2.42 v IV.2.77.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.79. i vi khi my pht in - MBA c my ct mch my pht in khi khng
c bo v so lch d phng ca khi th phi t bo v dng in pha cao p
lm d phng cho cc bo v chnh ca MBA khi khi lm vic khng c
my pht in.
IV.2.80. Bo v d phng ca khi my pht in - MBA phi tnh n cc yu cu sau:
1. pha in p my pht in ca MBA khng t bo v m s dng bo v
ca my pht in.
2. Bo v d phng xa c hai cp thi gian: cp th nht - tch s pha cao
p ca khi (v d ct my ct lin lc thanh ci v my ct phn on), cp th
hai - ct khi ra khi li in.
3. Bo v d phng gn phi i ct khi (hoc my pht in) ra khi li, dp
t ca my pht in, v dng khi theo iu IV.2.88 yu cu.
4. Tng cp ca bo v hoc bo v d phng ca khi tu thuc vo nhim v
ca chng khi dng lm bo v d phng xa v d phng gn, c th c mt, hai
hoc ba cp thi gian.
5. Mch khi ng in p ca bo v theo iu IV.2.77 v IV.2.78 nn t
pha in p my pht in v pha li in.
6. i vi cc bo v chnh v cc bo v d phng, thng thng c rle u ra
ring v ngun in thao tc mt chiu c cung cp t cc ptmt khc nhau.
IV.2.81. i vi cc khi c my pht in bo v chng qu ti i xng ca stato nn
thc hin ging nh i vi my pht in lm vic trn thanh ci (xem iu
IV.2.46).
cc my pht in tuabin nc khng c ngi trc, ngoi vic bo tn hiu
qu ti i xng mch stato, cn t bo v c c tnh thi gian khng ph
thuc vi mc thi gian di hn tc ng ct khi (hoc my pht in) v mc
thi gian ngn hn tc ng gim ti. C th thay th cc bo v ny bng cc
thit b tng ng trong h thng iu chnh kch thch.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.82. i vi my pht in cng sut 160MW tr ln lm mt trc tip dy dn cc
cun dy th bo v chng qu ti dng in kch thch cun dy rto phi c
thc hin vi tch phn thi gian ph thuc ph hp vi c tnh qu ti cho
php ca my pht in do dng in kch thch gy nn.
Trng hp khng u c bo v vo mch dng in rto (v d trng hp
dng kch thch khng chi than) th cho php dng bo v c c tnh thi gian
khng ph thuc, phn ng theo in p tng cao mch kch thch.
Bo v phi c kh nng tc ng c thi gian duy tr ngn gim dng kch
thch. Khi c thit b hn ch qu ti b iu chnh kch thch tc ng gim
ti, phi thc hin ng thi thit b ny cng nh bo v r to. Cng c
php dng thit b hn ch qu ti trong b t ng iu chnh kch thch tc
ng gim ti (vi hai cp thi gian) v ct my. Khi c th khng cn t
bo v c c tnh tch phn thi gian ph thuc.
My pht in cng sut di 160MW lm mt trc tip dy dn cc cun dy
v my pht in tuabin nc cng sut ln hn 30MW lm mt gin tip th
cn t bo v ging nh iu IV.2.45.
Khi c thit b iu chnh kch thch nhm cc my pht in, cn thc hin
bo v c c tnh thi gian ph thuc.
Khi my pht in lm vic vi my kch thch d phng th bo v chng qu
ti r to vn phi ch lm vic. Trng hp khng c kh nng dng bo
v c c tnh thi gian ph thuc cho php t my kch thch d phng bo
v c c tnh thi gian khng ph thuc.
IV.2.83. i vi khi c my pht in cng sut 160MW tr ln, ngn chn in p
tng cao khi lm vic ch khng ti phi t bo v chng in p tng
cao, bo v ny t ng kha (khng lm vic) khi my pht in lm vic
trong li in. Khi bo v tc ng phi m bo dp t ca my pht in
v my kch thch.
i vi khi c my pht in tuabin nc ngn chn tng in p khi my
pht in mt ti t ngt, phi t bo v chng in p tng cao. Bo v ny

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
phi tc ng ct khi (hoc my pht in) v dp t ca my pht in. Cho
php bo v ny tc ng dng t my.
IV.2.84. i vi cc my pht in tuabin nc, my pht in lm mt cun dy rto
bng nc v tt c cc my pht in cng sut 160MW tr ln u phi t
bo v chng chm t mt im mch kch thch. i vi my pht in
tuabin nc, bo v tc ng ct my cn my pht in khc - bo tn hiu.
i vi my c cng sut nh hn 160MW phi t bo v chng chm t
im th hai trong mch kch thch ca my pht in ph hp vi iu IV.2.47.
IV.2.85. i vi my pht in cng sut 160MW tr ln lm mt trc tip dy dn cc
cun dy v my pht in tuabin nc, phi t thit b bo v chng ch
khng ng b km theo mt kch thch.
Bo v ny cng nn t my pht in cng sut nh hn 160MW lm mt
trc tip dy dn cc cun dy. i vi cc my pht in ny cng c php
t thit b t ng pht hin khng ng b khi thit b t ng dp t (TDT)
ct (khng cn s dng bo v chng ch khng ng b).
Khi my pht in mt kch thch chuyn sang ch khng ng b th cc
thit b bo v v TDT phi tc ng bo tn hiu mt kch thch v t ng
chuyn cc ph ti t dng trong nhnh ca khi my pht in mt kch thch
sang ngun cung cp d phng.
Tt c cc my pht in tuabin nc v my pht in tuabin hi cng nh cc
my pht in khc, khng c php lm vic ch khng ng b khi h
thng in thiu cng sut phn khng, cc thit b nu trn tc ng u phi
ct ra khi li in.
IV.2.86. Trng hp c my ct trong mch my pht in lm mt trc tip dy dn cc
cun dy, phi c bo v d phng khi my ct ny t chi ct (v d dng
DTC).
IV.2.87. Thit b DTC 110kV tr ln cc nh my in phi thc hin nh sau:

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
1. trnh ct sai mt s khi bng bo v d phng khi xut hin ch khng
ton pha mt trong cc khi do my ct c b truyn ng tng pha t chi
lm vic, khi ct my ct nh my in c my pht in lm mt trc tip dy dn
cc cun dy, phi t thit b tng tc khi ng DTC (v d bng bo v dng in
th t khng ca MBA ca khi pha li in c dng chm t ln).
DTC thng c chnh nh i ct cc my ct sau 0,3 giy.
2. i vi nh my in m khi my pht in - MBA - ng dy c my ct
chung (v d nh s mt ri hoc s a gic), phi t c cu ct t xa
ct my ct v kho TL pha u i din khi DTC tc ng trong trng
hp n c khi ng t bo v ca khi. Ngoi ra, DTC tc ng dng b
phn pht tn s ca bo v cao tn.
IV.2.88. Bo v stato my pht in v MBA ca khi chng s c bn trong v bo v
rto my pht in khi tc ng phi thc hin ct phn t s c ra khi li,
dp t ca my pht in v my kch thch, khi ng DTC v tc ng n cc
qu trnh bo v cng ngh ca thit b (v d qu trnh dng tuabin hi v.v.).
Nu do bo v ct dn n lm mt in t dng u vi nhnh r ca khi th
bo v cng phi ct my ct ca ngun cung cp t dng ang lm vic t
ng chuyn sang cung cp t ngun d phng bng thit b TD.
Bo v d phng ca my pht in v MBA ca khi khi c ngn mch ngoi
phi tc ng tng ng vi iu IV.2.80, mc 2 n 4.
cc nh my nhit in m phn nhit cng lm vic theo s khi th khi
ct khi do s c bn trong, cng phi dng ton b khi. Khi ngn mch bn
ngoi cng nh khi bo v tc ng trong nhng trng hp m c th nhanh
chng khi phc khi lm vic, th khi nn chuyn sang ch lm vic khng
ng b, nu nh cc thit b cng ngh cho php.
i vi nh my thu in khi c s c bn trong khi th ngoi vic ct khi phi
dng t my. Khi ct khi do s c bn ngoi cng phi tc ng dng t my.
IV.2.89. i vi khi my pht in - MBA - ng dy th bo v chnh ca ng dy
v bo v d phng t pha h thng in phi c thc hin theo yu cu ca

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
chng ny v bo v ng dy; cn t pha khi th chc nng bo v d
phng cc ng dy phi c thc hin bi bo v d phng ca khi. Bo v
khi phi c thc hin ph hp vi nhng yu cu nu trn.
Tc ng ca bo v khi ct my ct v khi ng DTC t pha h thng in
phi c truyn theo knh cao tn hoc theo ng dy thng tin lin lc n
hai c cu ct t xa d phng ln cho nhau. Ngoi ra, khi bo v khi tc ng
cn ng thi dng b phn pht tn s ca bo v cao tn.
i vi khi c my pht in tuabin hi khi phn nhit cng theo s khi.
Tn hiu tc ng t pha h thng in phi truyn ti u i din ca ng
dy tn hiu tc ng ca bo v thanh ci (khi dng h thng thanh ci kp)
hoc tc ng DTC (khi dng s mt ri hoc s a gc) tng ng
vi chuyn khi sang ch khng ti hoc dp t v dng khi bng thit b
ct t xa. Ngoi ra nn dng thit b ct t xa tng tc dp t ca my pht
in v ct mch t dng khi bo v d phng t pha h thng in tc ng.
Trng hp my ct ct khng ton pha t pha li in c dng in chm t
ln th phi tng tc khi ng DTC nh nu trong iu IV.2.87 mc 1.

Bo v DK hoc ng cp
trong li in 6 - 15kV trung tnh cch ly
IV.2.90. i vi ng dy (DK hoc ng cp) trong li in p 6 15kV c trung
tnh cch ly (k c trung tnh ni t qua cun dp h quang) phi c thit b bo
v rle chng ngn mch nhiu pha v khi cn thit chng chm t mt pha.
Cc ng dy cn c thit b ghi li cc thng s s c.
IV.2.91. Bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha phi t trn hai pha v hai pha cng tn
ca ton b li in m bo ch ct mt im h hng, trong phn ln
trng hp ngn mch hai pha chm t ti hai im.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.92. i vi ng dy n cung cp t mt pha, chng ngn mch nhiu pha
phi t bo v dng in c hai cp, cp th nht di dng bo v ct nhanh,
cn cp th hai - di dng bo v qu dng in c c tnh thi gian ph thuc
hoc khng ph thuc.
i vi ng cp khng c in khng c ngun cung cp t mt pha xut
pht t thanh ci nh my in th phi t bo v ct nhanh khng thi gian v
vng tc ng ca n xc nh theo iu kin ct ngn mch km theo in p
d trn thanh ci nh my in thp hn (0,5 0,6) Ud. thc hin iu kin
trn, bo v c php tc ng khng chn lc phi hp vi TL hoc TD
lm nhim v iu chnh li ton b hoc mt phn li chu tc ng khng
chn lc ca bo v. Cho php t bo v ct nhanh ni trn cc ng dy
xut pht t thanh ci trm bin p cung cp cho cc ng c ng b ln.
Nu ng cp khng c in khng c ngun cung cp t mt pha khng th
t c bo v ct nhanh theo yu cu v chn lc th m bo tc ng
ct nhanh phi t cc bo v nh trong iu IV.2.93 mc 2 hoc 3. Cho php
s dng cc bo v ny i vi ng dy t dng ca nh my in.
IV.2.93. i vi nhng ng dy n c ngun cung cp t hai pha, c hoc khng c
lin lc vng cng nh i vi ng dy trong li in mch vng kn c mt
ngun cung cp phi t cc bo v nh i vi ng dy n c ngun cung
cp t mt pha (xem iu IV.2.92) nhng phi thc hin bo v dng in c
hng khi cn thit.
n gin cc bo v v m bo chng tc ng chn lc, cho php dng t
ng tch li thnh nhng phn li hnh tia khi xut hin s c v tip theo l
t ng khi phc.
Nu bo v dng in, c hng hoc khng c hng, c cp thi gian khng m
bo yu cu v nhy v tc ng nhanh, cho php dng nhng bo v sau:
1. Bo v khong cch loi n gin nht.
2. Bo v so lch ngang dng in (i vi ng cp i).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
3. Bo v so lch dc cho cc on ng dy ngn; nu phi t cp nh th
ring ch dng cho mch so lch th chiu di ca cp khng c ln hn 3km.
i vi cc bo v nu trong mc 2 v 3 dng bo v dng in lm bo v
d phng.
IV.2.94. Khi thc hin bo v i vi ng dy song song in p 6 15kV phi tun
theo nhng qui nh i vi ng dy song song nh trong li in 35kV
(xem iu IV.2.103).
IV.2.95. Bo v chng mt pha chm t phi thc hin dng:
Bo v chn lc (c hng) tc ng bo tn hiu.
Bo v chn lc (c hng) tc ng ct khi cn thit theo yu cu v an
ton; bo v phi t tt c cc phn t c ngun cung cp trong ton b
li in.
Thit b kim tra cch in. Khi , vic tm phn t s c phi thc hin
bng thit b chuyn dng; cho php tm phn t s c bng cch ln lt
ct cc l.
IV.2.96. Bo v chng ngn mch mt pha chm t ni chung phi thc hin vi my
bin dng th t khng. Bo v phi tc ng theo ngn mch chm t duy tr,
nhng cng cho php dng thit b bo chm t thong qua.
Bo v chng chm t mt pha tc ng ct khng thi gian theo yu cu k
thut an ton (xem iu IV.2.95) ch ct ring phn t cung cp in cho phn
li b s c. Khi , lm d phng, dng bo v th t khng c thi gian
khong 0,5 giy ct tt c phn li in lin quan h thng thanh ci (phn
on) hoc MBA ngun.
Thng thng khng cho php tng dng in b bo v tc ng c trong
li c trung tnh ni t qua cun dp h quang (v d bng cch thay i nc
ca cun dp h quang).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng

Bo v DK hoc ng cp
trong li in 22 - 35kV trung tnh cch ly
IV.2.97. i vi ng dy (DK hoc ng cp) trong li in p 22 - 35kV trung
tnh cch ly phi c thit b bo v rle chng ngn mch nhiu pha v chng
mt pha chm t. Cc dng c th ca bo v chng mt pha chm t thc
hin theo iu IV.2.95.
Cc ng dy cn c thit b ghi li cc thng s s c.
IV.2.98. Bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha phi dng s hai pha hai rle v t trn
cc pha cng tn trong ton b li in p ny m bo ch ct mt im h
hng trong phn ln cc trng hp ngn mch chm t hai im. tng
nhy khi ngn mch sau MBA sao - tam gic, cho php dng s ba rle.
Bo v chng ngn mch mt pha chm t thng tc ng bo tn hiu.
thc hin bo v, nn dng thit b kim tra cch in.
IV.2.99. Khi la chn loi bo v chnh, phi tnh ton yu cu m bo l h thng lm
vic n nh v cc h ph ti lm vic tin cy tng t nh yu cu i vi bo
v ng dy in p 110kV (xem iu IV.2.107).
IV.2.100. i vi ng dy n c ngun cung cp t mt pha, chng ngn mch
nhiu pha, thng u tin dng bo v dng in c cp hoc bo v dng in
phi hp km p c cp, cn nu dng bo v khng t yu cu chn lc
hoc tc ng nhanh ct ngn mch (xem iu IV.2.107), v d trn nhng on
u ng dy th dng bo v khong cch c cp u tin khi ng theo dng
in. Trng hp dng bo v khong cch th nn t bo v dng in ct
nhanh khng thi gian lm bo v ph.
i vi ng dy c nhiu an lin tip, n gin cho php dng bo v
dng in phi hp km p c cp, khng chn lc, phi hp vi thit b TL
theo trnh t.
IV.2.101. i vi ng dy n c ngun cung cp t hai pha hoc nhiu pha (ng
dy c nhnh) c hoc khng c cc lin lc mch vng, cng nh i vi ng

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
dy nm trong mch vng khp kn c mt ngun cung cp nn dng cc bo v
nu trn ging nh i vi ng dy n c ngun cung cp t mt pha (xem
iu IV.2.100) nhng thm mch c hng, cn bo v khong cch th khi
ng bng rle in tr. Khi cho php ct khng chn lc cc phn t ln cn
khi ngn mch trong vng cht theo in p ca rle nh hng cng sut, khi
khng t bo v dng in ct nhanh lm bo v ph (xem iu IV.2.100) v d
do khng t nhy. Bo v ch t nhng pha c kh nng cung cp ngun
in ti.
IV.2.102. i vi ng dy ngn c ngun cung cp t hai pha, khi c yu cu v tc
ng nhanh c php dng bo v so lch dc lm bo v chnh. Nu cn t
cp nh th ring ch dng cho mch so lch th chiu di ca cp khng c
ln hn 4 km. kim tra cp nh th ca bo v so lch dc phi c thit b
ring. d phng cho bo v so lch phi t mt trong cc bo v nu trong
iu IV.2.101.
IV.2.103. i vi cc ng dy lm vic song song c ngun cung cp t hai pha tr ln,
cng nh u c ngun ca ng dy song song cung cp t mt pha c th
dng nhng bo v nh i vi trng hp ng dy n (xem iu IV.2.100
v IV.2.101).
tng tc ct ngn mch, c bit khi dng bo v dng in c cp hoc
bo v dng in phi hp km p c cp ng dy c ngun cung cp t hai
pha c th t thm bo v c hng cng sut trn ng dy song song. Bo
v ny c th thc hin di dng bo v dng in c hng ring bit hoc ch
dng mch tng tc ca cc bo v c (bo v dng in, bo v khong cch)
cng vi b phn kim tra hng cng sut trn ng dy song song.
u ng dy song song c ngun cung cp t mt pha thng thng phi
t bo v so lch ngang c hng.
IV.2.104. Nu nh bo v theo iu IV.2.103 khng t yu cu v tc ng nhanh (xem
IV.2.107), v khng t bo v kim tra hng cng sut th trn hai ng dy
song song c ngun cung cp t hai pha v trn u ng dy song song c

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
ngun cung cp t mt pha phi t bo v so lch ngang c hng lm bo v
chnh (khi hai ng dy lm vic song song).
Khi , trong ch lm vic mt ng dy cng nh trong ch d phng
khi hai ng dy lm vic nn dng bo v nhiu cp theo iu IV.2.100 v
IV.2.101. Cho php u bo v ny hoc tng cp ring theo s tng dng
in ca hai ng dy (v d cp d phng tng nhy khi ngn mch
cc phn t ln cn). Cng cho php dng bo v so lch ngang c hng b
sung vo bo v dng in c cp gim thi gian ct ngn mch ng dy
c bo v, nu theo iu kin v tc ng nhanh (xem iu IV.2.107) th
khng bt buc phi t bo v ny.
Trng hp c bit, i vi ng dy song song ngn, cho php t bo v so
lch dc (xem iu IV.2.102).

Bo v DK hoc ng cp trong li in p 15 - 500kV

trung tnh ni t hiu qu
IV.2.105. i vi ng dy (DK hoc ng cp) trong li in p 15 - 500kV trung
tnh ni t hiu qu, phi c thit b bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha v ngn
mch chm t.
Cc ng dy cn c thit b ghi li cc thng s s c.
ng dy 110kV tr ln cn c thit b xc nh im s c ng dy.
IV.2.106. Cc bo v phi c thit b kho chng dao ng nu trong li c kh nng c
dao ng hoc khng ng b dn n bo v lm vic sai. Cho php bo v
khng c kha dao ng, nu n c chnh nh theo thi gian dao ng
khong (1,5 2,0) giy.
IV.2.107. i vi DK 500kV, bo v chnh l bo v tc ng tc thi khi ngn mch
bt c im no trn on ng dy c bo v.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
i vi DK 500kV di, trnh ng dy b qu in p khi mt ti v mt
my ct ng dy b ct do bo v tc ng, nu cn phi t cc lin ng ct
cc my ct khc ca ng dy ny v pha ngun.
i vi DK 110 - 220kV vic chn loi bo v chnh, phi dng bo v tc
ng nhanh khi ngn mch bt c im no trn on ng dy c bo v,
phi cn nhc n l yu cu duy tr s lm vic n nh ca h thng in. Nu
theo tnh ton n nh ca h thng khng i hi cc yu cu khc khc nghit
hn th c th chp nhn nhng yu cu nu l c, khi ngn mch ba pha
m in p d trn thanh ci ca nh my in v ca trm bin p nh hn (0,6
0,7)Ud, th bo v ct khng thi gian. Tr s in p d nh hn (0,6 Ud) c
th cho php i vi ng dy 110kV, v i vi ng dy 220kV km quan
trng (trong li in phn nhnh mnh, thng trong li ny cc h ph ti
c cung cp t nhiu ngun), k c cc ng dy 220kV quan trng m khi
ngn mch khng dn ti ct ti nhiu.
Bo v ng cp 110kV tr ln thc hin nh bo v DK; nu l cp du p
lc phi t thm b phn gim st r du v bo v chng p lc du tng cao.
Khi chn loi bo v cho ng dy 110 - 220kV ngoi yu cu duy tr ch
lm vic n nh ca h thng in phi tnh n cc iu kin sau:
1. Nu ct s c c thi gian c th dn n ph v s lm vic ca cc ph ti
quan trng th phi ct khng thi gian (v d s c m in p d trn thanh ci
nh my in v trm bin p nh hn 0,6 Ud, nu ct chng c thi gian c th
dn n t sa thi ph ti do hin tng st p t ngt; hoc s c vi in p
d 0,6Ud v ln hn, nu ct chng c thi gian c th dn n ph v qu trnh
cng ngh).
2. Khi cn thit thc hin tc ng nhanh ca TDL th trn ng dy phi t bo
v tc ng nhanh m bo ct khng thi gian c hai pha ng dy b s c.
3. Khi ct s c c thi gian vi dng in ln gp vi ln dng in danh nh
c th lm dy dn pht nng qu mc cho php.
Cho php dng bo v tc ng nhanh trong li in phc tp c khi khng c
nhng iu kin nu trn nu nh cn m bo tnh chn lc.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.108. Khi nh gi vic m bo cc yu cu v n nh, cn c vo tr s in p d
theo iu IV.2.107 phi theo nhng ch dn di y:
1. i vi h lin lc n gia cc nh my in hoc h thng in, in p d
(nh trong iu IV.2.107) phi c kim tra thanh ci ca trm v nh my
in nm trong h lin lc ny khi ngn mch trn ng dy xut pht t thanh
ci ny, tr ng dy to thnh h lin lc; i vi h lin lc n c mt phn
cc on ng dy song song th phi kim tra thm khi ngn mch trn tng
on ng dy song song ny.
2. Khi cc nh my in hoc h thng in c ni lin bng mt s h lin
lc, tr s in p d (nh trong iu IV.2.107) phi c kim tra trn thanh ci
ch nhng trm v nh my in nm trong h lin lc ny khi ngn mch
cc h lin lc, trn cc ng dy c cung cp t thanh ci ny k c trn cc
ng dy c cung cp t thanh ci ca trm lin lc.
3. in p d phi c kim tra khi ngn mch cui vng tc ng cp th
nht ca bo v theo ch ct s c ln lt kiu bc thang, ngha l sau khi
ct my ct pha i din ca ng dy bng bo v khng thi gian.
IV.2.109. i vi ng dy n 110kV tr ln c ngun cung cp t mt pha chng
ngn mch nhiu pha nn t bo v dng in c cp hoc bo v dng in
phi hp km p c cp. Nu cc bo v ny khng t yu cu v nhy hoc
tc ng nhanh (xem iu IV.2.107), v d trn cc on u ng dy hoc
theo iu kin phi hp vi bo v ca cc on ng dy ln cn hp l cn
t bo v khong cch c cp. Trng hp ny phi dng bo v dng in ct
nhanh khng thi gian lm bo v ph.
chng ngn mch chm t, thng phi t bo v dng in th t khng
c cp, c hng hoc khng c hng. Ni chung, bo v t nhng pha c
kh nng cung cp in ti.
i vi ng dy gm mt s on ni lin tip, n gin, cho php s
dng bo v dng in phi hp km p c cp, tc ng khng chn lc (chng
ngn mch nhiu pha), v bo v dng in th t khng c cp (chng ngn
mch chm t) phi hp vi thit b TL tc ng ln lt.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.110. i vi ng dy n 110kV tr ln c ngun cung cp t hai hoc nhiu pha
(ng dy c nhnh), c hoc khng c lin h mch vng, cng nh trong mch
vng kn c mt ngun cung cp, chng ngn mch nhiu pha phi dng bo v
khong cch (u tin dng bo v ba cp) lm bo v chnh (i vi ng dy 110
- 220kV) v lm bo v d phng khi ng dy c bo v so lch.
Dng bo v dng in ct nhanh khng thi gian lm bo v ph. C bit cho
php dng bo v dng in ct nhanh tc ng khi c ngn mch ba pha
gn ch t bo v nu bo v dng in ct nhanh tc ng ch khc
khng t yu cu v nhy (xem iu IV.2.25).
chng ngn mch chm t, thng phi dng bo v dng in th t khng
c cp, c hoc khng c hng.
IV.2.111. Nn s dng bo v dng in mt cp c hng lm bo v chnh chng ngn
mch nhiu pha u nhn in ca li mch vng c mt ngun cung cp;
i vi cc ng dy n khc (ch yu l DK 110kV) c bit cho php t
bo v dng in c cp hoc bo v dng in phi hp km p c cp, trong
trng hp cn thit th c hng. Bo v ch cn t pha c ngun.
IV.2.112. i vi ng dy song song c ngun cung cp t hai hoc nhiu pha cng nh
i vi u ngun cung cp ca ng dy song song c mt ngun cung cp t
mt pha c th cng dng cc bo v tng ng nh vi ng dy n (xem
iu IV.2.109 v IV.2.110).
tng tc ct ngn mch chm t, c bit ngn mch gia cc pha trn
ng dy c hai ngun cung cp, c th dng bo v b sung c kim tra
hng cng sut trn ng dy song song. Bo v ny c th thc hin di
dng bo v so lch ngang ring bit (rle u vo dng in th t khng hoc
vo cc dng in pha) hoc ch di dng mch tng tc ca cc bo v t
(bo v dng in th t khng, bo v qu dng in, bo v khong cch v.v.)
c kim tra hng cng sut trn ng dy song song.
tng nhy ca bo v th t khng, cho php a bo v b sung ra khi
ch lm vic khi ct my ct ca ng dy song song.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
u nhn in ca hai ng dy song song c ngun cung cp t mt pha,
c th t bo v so lch ngang c hng.
IV.2.113. Nu bo v theo iu IV.2.112 khng t yu cu v tc ng nhanh (xem iu
IV.2.107) th c th t bo v so lch ngang c hng lm bo v chnh (khi hai
ng dy lm vic song song) pha u ngun cung cp ca hai ng dy song
song in p 110 - 220kV c ngun cung cp t mt pha v trn ng dy 110kV
ch yu ca li phn phi lm vic song song c ngun cung cp t hai pha.
ch lm vic ca mt ng dy cng nh ch lm vic c d phng
ca hai ng dy cng lm vic th dng bo v theo iu IV.2.109 v
IV.2.110. Cho php bo v ny hoc cp ring bit ca n u vo s tng
dng in ca hai ng dy (v d cp bo v cui cng ca bo v dng in
th t khng) tng nhy ca n khi s c cc phn t ln cn.
Cho php dng bo v so lch ngang c hng lm bo v b sung cho bo v
dng in c cp i vi ng dy 110kV song song gim thi gian ct s
c trn ng dy c bo v, khi theo iu kin tc ng nhanh (xem iu
IV.2.107) vic dng bo v ny khng bt buc.
IV.2.114. Nu bo v theo iu IV.2.110 n iu IV.2.112 khng t yu cu v tc ng
nhanh (xem iu IV.2.107) phi t bo v cao tn v bo v so lch dc lm
bo v chnh ca ng dy c ngun cung cp t hai pha.
i vi ng dy 110 - 220kV nn dng bo v khong cch c kho cao tn
v bo v dng in th t khng c hng lm bo v chnh khi iu l hp
l theo iu kin v nhy (v d trn cc ng dy c r nhnh) hoc lm
n gin bo v.
Khi cn thit phi t cp nh th dng cho bo v so lch dc th phi cn c
vo kt qu tnh ton kinh t - k thut.
kim tra cc mch dy dn nh th ca bo v phi c cc thit b chuyn dng.
i vi ng dy 500kV, thm vo bo v cao tn cn dng thit b truyn tn
hiu cao tn ct hoc x l tng tc ng ca bo v d phng c cp.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Cho php dng thit b truyn tn hiu ct tng tc tc ng ca bo v
nhiu cp ca ng dy 110 - 220kV nu c yu cu v tc ng nhanh (xem
iu IV.2.107) hoc v nhy (v d trn ng dy c nhnh r).
IV.2.115. Khi thc hin cc bo v chnh theo iu IV.2.114 th dng cc bo v sau lm
bo v d phng:
chng ngn mch nhiu pha, thng dng bo v khong cch, ch yu l
ba cp.
chng ngn mch chm t dng bo v dng in c hng c cp hoc
bo v dng in th t khng khng c hng.
Trng hp bo v chnh cn ngng lm vic trong thi gian di, nh nu trong
iu IV.2.114, khi bo v ny c yu cu phi ct nhanh cc s c (xem iu
IV.2.107), cho php tng tc tc ng khng chn lc ca bo v d phng
chng ngn mch gia cc pha (v d c kim tra tr s in p th t thun).
IV.2.116. Cc bo v chnh, cp tc ng nhanh ca bo v d phng chng ngn mch
nhiu pha v b phn o lng ca thit b TL mt pha vi ng dy 500kV
phi c thc hin c bit m bo chc nng bnh thng ca chng (vi cc
thng s cho trc) trong iu kin qu trnh qu in t mnh v dung dn
ca ng dy qu ln. thc hin c iu phi c nhng thit b sau:
Trong mch bo v v o lng ca TL mt pha phi c bin php hn ch
nh hng ca qu trnh qu in t (v d lc tn s thp).
Trong bo v so lch - pha cao tn, t trn ng dy c chiu di ln hn
150 km phi c thit b b dng in in dung ca ng dy.
Khi u cc bo v tc ng nhanh vo s tng cc dng in ca hai my
bin dng tr ln, trng hp khng c kh nng thc hin yu cu theo iu
IV.2.28, nn dng cc bin php c bit trnh tc ng sai ca bo v khi
ngn mch ngoi hoc t vo mch ng dy mt b bin dng ring cung
cp cho bo v.
Trong cc bo v t trn cc ng dy 500kV, c thit b b dc, phi c bin
php trnh bo v tc ng sai khi ngn mch ngoi do nh hng ca cc

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
thit b trn. V d c th dng rle nh hng cng sut th t nghch hoc
truyn tn hiu x l.
IV.2.117. Trng hp dng TL mt pha, thit b bo v phi c thc hin sao cho:
1. Khi ngn mch mt pha chm t, c bit khi ngn mch hai pha, m bo
ch ct mt pha (tip sau l TL lm vic).
2. TL khng thnh cng khi c s c nu trong mc 1, s ct mt hoc ba pha
tu thuc vo vic c hoc khng c php tn ti ch khng ton pha ko
di ca ng dy.
3. Khi c cc dng s c khc, bo v tc ng i ct c ba pha.
IV.2.118. ng dy 15 - 35kV trong li phn phi, nu khng c yu cu c bit, ch
cn t bo v dng in ct nhanh, bo v qu dng in v bo v chm t
nu vn m bo tnh chn lc.

Bo v t in b ngang v b dc
IV.2.119. T b ngang c th t tp trung ti trm hoc t phn tn trn DK, vi tt c
cc cp in p.
IV.2.120. Khi t phn tn trn DK, t b ngang c th c bo v n gin bng cu
chy hoc cu chy t ri ph hp. Vic la chn cu chy cho t in, xem cc
qui nh trong iu IV.2.3.
IV.2.121. Khi t tp trung ti trm, b t b ngang thng c t sau my ct v c cc
bo v sau y:
Cu chy bo v ring cho tng phn t t in n l. Cu chy c th
t bn ngoi hoc bn trong bnh t.
Bo v qu dng in cho tng pha.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Bo v dng in khng cn bng gia cc nhnh trong mt pha v/hoc bo
v khng cn bng gia cc pha.
Bo v qu in p.
Ngoi cc bo v trn, cc b t b thng c t b t ng ng t vo lm
vic (ton b hoc tng phn) v t ng sa thi t khi vn hnh (ton b hoc
tng phn), c chnh nh theo yu cu c th ca h thng.
VI.2.122. T b dc c th t tp trung ti trm hoc t phn tn trn DK.
T b dc c t cc bo v ging nh t b ngang nh nu trong iu
IV.2.121, ch khc l khi bo v tc ng th khng i ct phn t t c bo
v ra khi li in, m tc ng ng my ct u tt (by pass) t c ba pha
cc phn t t in.
Nu bo v t b dc khi ng m khng tc ng u tt c my ct,
th s lin ng i ct cc my ct ng dy pha c ngun.

Bo v thanh ci, my ct vng, my ct lin lc thanh ci

v my ct phn on
IV.2.123. H thng thanh ci in p 110kV tr ln ca nh my in v trm bin p
di y phi c thit b bo v rle ring:
1. i vi h thng hai thanh ci (h thng thanh ci kp, s mt ri v.v.)
v h thng thanh ci n c phn on.
2. i vi h thng thanh ci n khng phn on, nu vic ct s c trn
thanh ci bng tc ng ca bo v cc phn t u vo thanh ci khng cho
php theo iu kin nh iu IV.2.108, hoc nu thanh ci cung cp cho
ng dy c nhnh r.
IV.2.124. Phi t cc bo v ring cho thanh ci in p 35kV ca nh my in v trm
bin p trong cc trng hp sau:

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Theo iu kin nu trong iu IV.2.108.
i vi h thng hai thanh ci hoc thanh ci phn on, nu khi dng bo
v ring t my ct lin lc thanh ci (hoc my ct phn on), hoc bo v
t phn t cung cp in cho h thng thanh ci ny khng t tin cy
cung cp in cho cc h tiu th (c tnh n kh nng m bo bng cc thit
b TL v TD).
i vi thanh ci ca thit b phn phi kn, cho php gim bt yu cu i
vi bo v thanh ci (v d li c dng ngn mch chm t ln ch cn c
bo v chng ngn mch chm t) v xc sut s c nh hn so vi thit b
phn phi h.
IV.2.125. bo v thanh ci ca nh my in v trm bin p c in p 110kV tr ln
nn t bo v so lch dng in khng thi gian bao trm ton b cc phn t
u vo thanh ci hoc phn on thanh ci. Bo v phi s dng rle dng
in chuyn dng chnh nh theo dng in qu v dng in n nh
khng cn bng (v d rle u qua my bin dng bo ho, rle c hm).
Khi u ni MBA 500kV qua 2 my ct tr ln nn dng bo v so lch dng
in cho thanh ci.
IV.2.126. i vi h thng thanh ci kp ca nh my in v trm bin p 110kV tr ln
mi mch u vo thanh ci u c mt my ct v phi dng bo v so lch.
Bo v thanh ci phi c kh nng p ng c mi phng thc vn hnh
bng cch thay i u ni trn hng kp khi chuyn i cc mch t h thng
thanh ci ny sang h thng thanh ci khc.
IV.2.127. Bo v so lch nu trong iu IV.2.125 v IV.2.126, phi c thc hin vi
thit b kim tra s hon ho ca mch nh th ca my bin dng in, thit b
ny phi tc ng c thi gian tch bo v v bo tn hiu khi mch khng
hon ho.
IV.2.128. i vi thanh ci c phn on in p 6 - 10kV ca nh my in phi dng
bo v so lch khng hon ton hai cp thi gian, cp th nht di dng ct
nhanh theo dng in v in p hoc bo v khong cch; cp th hai di

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
dng bo v qu dng in. Bo v phi tc ng i ct cc ngun cung cp v
my bin p t dng.
Nu cp th hai ca bo v thc hin nh trn khng nhy khi ngn mch
trong vng bo v so lch ca ng dy cung cp c t in khng (ph ti
trn thanh ci in p my pht ln, my ct ca ng cung cp t sau cun
in khng) cn thc hin bo v khc v nn thc hin di dng bo v dng
in ring c hoc khng c khi ng in p t mch cun in khng.
Tc ng ca bo v ny i ct phn t cung cp phi c kim sot bng
thit b ph, khi ng khi xut hin ngn mch. Khi my ct phn on
phi c t bo v gii tr s c gia cun in khng v my ct. Bo
v ny c a vo lm vic khi my ct phn on ct ra. Khi chuyn cc
phn t cung cp t phn on ny sang phn on kia phi c bo v so lch
khng hon ton thc hin theo nguyn tc phn b c nh cc phn t.
Nu ch lm vic tch cc phn t cp in t thanh ci ny sang thanh ci
khc thng xuyn vn hnh, cho php t bo v khong cch ring trn tt
c cc phn t cp in, tr my pht in.
IV.2.129. i vi h thng thanh ci 6 - 10kV c phn on ca nh my in c my
pht in n 12MW cho php khng t bo v ring; khi gii tr ngn
mch trn thanh ci thc hin bng bo v dng in ca my pht in.
IV.2.130. i vi h thng thanh ci n v h thng thanh ci kp 6 - 10kV c phn
on ca trm bin p gim p thng khng t bo v ring, gii tr s c
trn thanh ci phi thc hin bng bo v chng ngn mch ngoi ca my
bin p t trn my ct phn on hoc trn my ct lin lc. tng nhy
v tng tc tc ng ca bo v thanh ci ca cc trm bin p ln, cho
php dng bo v u theo s tng dng in ca cc phn t cp in. Khi
c cun in khng t ng dy xut pht t thanh ci trm bin p, cho
php bo v thanh ci thc hin nh bo v thanh ci ca nh my in.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.2.131. Khi c my bin dng t sn trong my ct th bo v so lch thanh ci v bo v
cc phn t ni vi thanh ci, phi s dng my bin dng t pha no ca
my ct sao cho s c my ct nm trong vng tc ng ca bo v.
Nu my ct khng c my bin dng t sn, tit kim nn dng my bin dng
bn ngoi ch mt pha ca my ct v t chng sao cho my ct nm trong vng
ca bo v so lch thanh ci. Khi trong bo v h thng thanh ci kp cc phn
t phn b c nh phi dng hai my bin dng ca my ct phn on.
thc hin bo v so lch thanh ci c th t my bin dng c 2 pha ca
my ct phn on in p 6-10kV, nu iu kin kt cu cho php khng cn
thm ngn ph.Khi dng bo v khong cch ring lm bo v thanh ci th
cc my bin dng ca bo v ny trong mch my ct phn on phi t
gia phn on thanh ci v cun in khng.
IV.2.132. Bo v thanh ci phi thc hin sao cho khi ng th vi gi nh h thng
thanh ci hoc phn on thanh ci b h hng th bo v phi ct chn lc
khng thi gian.
IV.2.133. my ct vng 110kV tr ln khi c my ct lin lc thanh ci (hoc my ct
phn on) phi c cc bo v sau y ( s dng khi cn kim tra hoc sa
cha cc bo v, my ct v my bin dng ca bt k phn t no ni vo
thanh ci):
Bo v khong cch ba cp v bo v dng in ct nhanh chng ngn mch
nhiu pha.
Bo v dng in th t khng bn cp c hng chng ngn mch
chm t.
ng thi my ct lin lc thanh ci hoc my ct phn on (s dng tch
h thng thanh ci hoc phn on thanh ci khi khng c DTC hoc loi b
hoc bo v thanh ci lm vic, v cng tng tnh hiu qu ca d phng
xa) phi c bo v sau y:

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Bo v dng in hai cp chng ngn mch nhiu pha.
Bo v dng in th t khng ba cp chng ngn mch chm t.
Cho php t bo v phc tp hn trn my ct lin lc thanh ci (hoc my ct
phn on) nu iu cn thit tng tnh hiu qu ca d phng xa.
Trn my ct lin lc thanh ci (hoc my ct phn on) 110kV tr ln lm chc
nng ng vng phi c nhng bo v ging nh ca my ct vng v ca my
ct lin lc thanh ci (hoc my ct phn on) khi chng lm vic ring r.
Nn d kin kh nng chuyn cc bo v chnh tc ng nhanh ca ng dy
110kV tr ln sang my ct vng.
Trn my ct lin lc thanh ci (hoc my ct phn on) 6 - 35kV phi t
bo v dng in hai cp chng ngn mch nhiu pha.
IV.2.134. Nn c t bo v d phng ring thay th khi sa cha t bo v ng dy
khi s khng c my ct ng vng (v d s t gic, s mt ri
v.v.); t bo v ny cng nn t i vi ng dy 220kV khng c bo v
chnh ring v vi ng dy 500kV.
Cho php t t bo v d phng ring i vi ng dy 110kV khng c bo
v chnh ring trong s cu c my ct mch ng dy v s a gic
nu khi kim tra t bo v ng dy khc phc s c trn ng dy
m khng thc hin c bng cc thit b n gin.

Bo v my b ng b
IV.2.135. Thit b bo v rle ca my b ng b phi thc hin tng t nh i vi
my pht in c cng sut tng ng, nhng c nhng khc bit sau:
1. Bo v dng in chng qu ti i xng tc ng bo tn hiu, phi c
kho khng cho lm vic khi my b khi ng, nu lc bo v c th
tc ng.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
2. Bo v km p, tc ng i ct my ct ca my b ng b phi c in p
khi ng ca bo v bng (0,1 0,2) Ud v thi gian duy tr khong 10 giy.
3. Cn t bo v tc ng khi trm mt in ngn hn (v d trong khong
thi gian khng in ca t ng ng li ca ng dy ngun).
Bo v cn thc hin di dng bo v tn s thp v ct my ct ca my b
ng b hoc TDT. Cng cho php bo v thc hin theo nguyn l khc (th
d phn ng theo tc gim tn s)
4. i vi my b ng b cng sut 50MVAr tr ln cn t bo v tc ng ct
my b ng b hoc i bo tn hiu khi mt kch thch hoc dng kch thch gim
di gii hn cho php. i vi my b ng b c kh nng chuyn sang lm
vic ch dng kch thch m, cho php khng dng bo v trn.
5. i vi my b ng b lm vic theo khi my bin p, cn c bo v
chng chm t trong cun dy stato, t pha in p thp ca my bin p.
Nu dng in chm t vt qu 5A, cho php khng t cun dp h quang v
thc hin bo v qu dng c hai cp thi gian: cp c thi gian duy tr nh i bo
tn hiu, cp c thi gian duy tr ln tc ng i ct my ct ca my b ng b
Khi dng in chm t nh hn 5A, bo v thc hin mt cp thi gian v tc
ng bo tn hiu. i vi my b ng b cng sut t 50MVAr tr ln cn
thc hin bo v bo tn hiu hoc i ct.
IV.2.136. i vi trm khng c ngi trc, bo v chng qu ti my b ng b thc hin
vi c tnh thi gian khng ph thuc, tc ng i bo tn hiu v gim dng in
kch thch vi cp thi gian nh, cn i ct my b ng b vi cp thi gian ln
(nu thit b iu chnh kch thch khng ngn nga c qu ti lu).
IV.2.137. Phi thc hin bo v chng chm t mch kch thch tng t nh my pht
thu in (xem iu IV.2.84).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng

Chng IV.3
T NG HO V IU KHIN T XA
Phm vi p dng v yu cu chung
IV.3.1. Chng ny p dng cho thit b t ng v iu khin t xa ca h thng in,
nh my in, li in, mng in cung cp cho cc x nghip cng nghip v
cc trang b in khc :
1. T ng ng li (TL) 3 pha hoc mt pha ca ng dy, thanh ci v phn
t khc sau khi chng b ct t ng.
2. T ng ng ngun d phng (TD).
3. Ho ng b (HB), ng my pht in ng b v my b ng b a chng
vo ch lm vic ng b.
4. iu chnh kch thch, in p v cng sut phn khng gia cc my in ng
b v cc nh my in, phc hi in p trong v sau thi gian ct ngn mch.
5. iu chnh tn s v cng sut tc dng.
6. Ngn nga ph v n nh.
7. Chm dt ch khng ng b.
8. Hn ch tn s gim.
9. Hn ch tn s tng.
10. Hn ch in p gim.
11. Hn ch in p tng.
12. Ngn nga qu ti thit b in.
13. iu v iu khin.
Chc nng ca cc thit b t mc 4 - 11 c thc hin hon ton hoc mt phn
tu theo ch lm vic ca h thng in.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
cc h thng in v cng trnh in c th t thit b t ng iu khin
khng thuc qui nh ca chng ny m thuc cc qui nh trong nhng ti liu
khc. Hot ng ca cc thit b phi phi hp vi nhau, vi cc hot ng ca
h thng v thit b nu trong chng ny.
Trong mng in x nghip tiu th in nn dng cc thit b t ng vi iu
kin khng c php ph v nhng qu trnh cng ngh quan trng khi ngng
cung cp in ngn hn gy ra do tc ng ca cc bo v v t ng trong v
ngoi mng li in cung cp.

T ng ng li (TL)
IV.3.2. Thit b TL dng nhanh chng khi phc cung cp in cho h tiu th hoc
khi phc lin lc gia cc h thng in hoc lin lc trong ni b h thng in
bng cch t ng ng li my ct khi chng b ct do bo v rle.
Cn t thit b TL :
1. DK v hn hp ng cp v DK tt c cc cp in p ln hn 1kV. Khi
khng dng TL phi da trn c s phn tch k tng trng hp. i vi
ng cp n 35kV nn dng TL trong nhng trng hp khi thy c hiu qu
do c nhiu s c h quang h (v d c nhiu im ni do cp in cho mt vi
trm t mt ng cp), cng nh hiu chnh li s tc ng khng chn lc
ca bo v. Vic p dng TL i vi ng cp 110kV tr ln phi c phn
tch trong thit k tng trng hp ring ph hp vi iu kin c th.
2. Thanh ci nh my in v trm bin p (xem iu IV.3.24 v 25).
3. Cc MBA (xem iu IV.3.26).
4. Cc ng c quan trng, c ct ra m bo t khi ng ca cc ng c
khc (xem iu IV.3.38).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
thc hin TL theo mc 1 n 3 phi t thit b TL my ct vng, my
ct lin lc thanh ci v my ct phn on.
kinh t, cho php thc hin TL nhm trn ng dy, u tin dng cho cc
ng cp, v cc l 6 - 10kV khc. Tuy nhin nn tnh n nhc im ca TL
nhm, v d kh nng t chi lm vic, nu sau khi ct my ct ca mt l, my
ct ca l khc ct ra trc khi TL tr v trng thi ban u.
IV.3.3. Phi thc hin TL sao cho n khng tc ng khi:
1. Ngi vn hnh ct my ct bng tay ti ch hoc iu khin t xa.
2. T ng ct my ct do bo v rle tc ng ngay sau khi ngi vn hnh
ng my ct bng tay hoc iu khin t xa.
3. Ct my ct do bo v rle chng s c bn trong MBA v my in quay, do
tc ng ca thit b chng s c, cng nh trong cc trng hp khc ct my
ct m TL khng c php tc ng. TL sau khi tc ng ca thit b sa thi
ph ti theo tn s t ng ng li theo tn s (TLTS) phi c thc hin ph
hp vi iu IV.3.80.
IV.3.4. Thit b TL phi c thc hin sao cho khng c kh nng lm my ct ng
lp li nhiu ln khi cn tn ti ngn mch hoc khi c bt c h hng no trong
s thit b TL.
Thit b TL phi c thc hin t ng tr v trng thi ban u.
IV.3.5. Thng thng khi s dng TL th phi tng tc tc ng ca bo v rle sau
khi TL khng thnh cng. Nn dng thit b tng tc ny sau khi ng my ct
v khi ng my ct do cc tc ng khc (ng bng kho iu khin, iu khin
t xa hoc TD) lm thit b tng tc sau khi TL khng thnh cng. Khi tng
tc tc ng ca bo v sau khi ng my ct phi c bin php chng kh nng
ct my ct bng bo v do tc ng ca dng in xung kch tng t bin do
ng khng ng thi cc pha ca my ct.
Khng cn tng tc ca bo v sau khi ng my ct khi ng dy c cp
bng my ct khc (ngha l khi c in p i xng trn ng dy).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Nu bo v tr nn qu phc tp v thi gian tc ng ca bo v khi ngn mch
trc tip gn ch t bo v khng vt qu 1,5 giy, cho php khng dng
tng tc bo v sau TL i vi ng dy 35kV tr xung khi bo v dng
dng in thao tc xoay chiu.
IV.3.6. Thit b TL ba pha (TL 3P) phi c khi ng theo s khng tng ng
gia v tr kho iu khin vi v tr thc t ca my ct hoc khi ng TL
bng bo v rle.
IV.3.7. C th dng TL 3P tc ng mt ln hoc tc ng hai ln nu iu kin lm
vic ca my ct cho php. TL 3P tc ng hai ln nn dng i vi DK,
c bit i vi ng dy n c ngun cung cp t mt pha. li in
n 35kV, TL 3P tc ng hai ln thng t u tin DK khng c ngun
d phng.
Trong li c trung tnh cch ly hoc c b thng kho ng li ln hai ca
TL khi chm t sau ln mt ca TL (v d c in p th t khng). Thi
gian TL 3P ln hai phi khng nh hn 15 20 giy.
IV.3.8. tng tc khi phc ch lm vic bnh thng ca DK, thi gian TL
3P (c bit ln u ca TL tc ng hai ln t trn ng dy c ngun cung
cp t mt pha) phi ly bng tr s nh nht c th c, tnh n thi gian dp
tt h quang in, kh ion ch s c v thi gian sn sng ng li ca my ct.
i vi ng dy c ngun cung cp t hai pha, thi gian TL 3P khi chn phi
tnh n kh nng ct khng ng thi ca my ct hai u; khi khng cn
tnh n thi gian tc ng ca bo v d phng xa, cho php khng tnh n thi
gian ct khng ng thi cc my ct hai u do tc ng ca bo v cao tn.
nng cao hiu qu ca TL 3P tc ng mt ln, cho php tng thi gian tr
tu theo kh nng chu ng ca ph ti.
IV.3.9. i vi ng dy m khi ct ra khng ph v s lin h in gia cc ngun (v
d i vi ng dy song song c ngun cung cp t mt pha) nn t TL 3P
khng kim tra ng b.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.3.10. i vi ng dy n c ngun cung cp t hai pha (khng c nhnh r) phi
t mt trong cc loi TL 3P sau hoc phi hp chng vi nhau:
1. TL 3P tc ng nhanh (TL 3P N).
2. TL 3P khng ng b (TL 3P KB).
3. TL 3P ng b (TL 3P B).
Ngoi ra c th c t ng li mt pha (TL 1P) kt hp vi cc loi TL 3P
khc nhau nu my ct c iu khin ring tng pha v khng ph v s n nh
lm vic song song ca h thng in khi TL 1P tc ng.
Vic chn chng loi v tnh nng ca thit b TL phi cn c vo iu kin c
th ca h thng v cc trang b in ph hp vi qui nh nu trong iu
IV.3.11, 15.
IV.3.11. Thng thng t TL 3P N (ng thi ng t hai u vi thi gian nh nht)
trn ng dy theo mc 1 iu IV.3.10 khi gc gia cc vc t sc in ng
ca cc h thng ni vi nhau cn nh. TL 3P N c th dng khi kh nng
my ct cho php TL 3P N, nu sau khi ng vn gi c ng b ca h
thng lm vic song song v m men in t ln nht ca my pht ng b v
my b ng b nh hn mmen in t khi ngn mch ba pha u ra (c tnh
n d tr cn thit).
Tr s mmen in t ln nht c tnh cn c vo gc lch ln nht ti hn
(gc gia 2 sc in ng trong thi gian TL 3P N). Tng ng, TL 3P N
phi khi ng khi bo v tc ng nhanh tc ng v vng bo v ca bo v
ny phi bao trm ton b ng dy.
Phi kho TL 3P N khi bo v d phng tc ng v phi kho hoc cho tc
ng chm li khi thit b chng t chi tc ng ca my ct (DTC) lm vic.
Nu m bo n nh ca h thng khi TL 3P N khng thnh cng dn n
khi lng ln tc ng ca cc thit b t ng chng s c th khng nn dng
TL 3PN.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.3.12. C th dng TL KB i vi cc ng dy theo mc 2 iu IV.3.10 (ch yu
trn ng dy 110 - 220kV) nu:
1. Mmen in t ca my pht in v my b ng b xut hin khi ng
khng ng b (c d tr cn thit) nh hn m men in t xut hin khi ngn
mch ba pha trn u ra ca my, khi tiu chun thc t nh gi vic cho
php dng TL KB l tr s tnh ton ban u ca cc thnh phn chu k ca
dng in stato khi gc ng my 180o.
2. Dng in cc i qua MBA (k c MBA t ngu) khi gc ng my 180o
nh hn dng in ngn mch trn u ra ca my khi c cung cp in t
thanh ci c cng sut v cng ln.
3. Sau TL m bo nhanh chng ti ng b; nu do t ng ng li khng
ng b c th xut hin ch khng ng b ko di, phi c bin php ngn
nga hoc chm dt.
Nu p ng nhng iu kin trn, cho php dng TL KB khi sa cha
mt trong hai ng dy song song.
Khi thc hin TL KB phi c bin php ngn nga bo v tc ng khng
cn thit. Vi mc ch nn thc hin ng cc my ct theo mt trnh t
nht nh khi TL KB, v d, thc hin TL t mt pha ca ng dy vi
kim tra c in p trn ng dy sau khi TL 3P thnh cng u i din
ca ng dy.
IV.3.13. C th dng TL B trn cc ng dy theo mc 3 iu IV.3.10 ng
ng dy khi c trt kh ln (khong n 4%) v gc lch pha cho php.
Cng c th thc hin TL theo cch sau: pha u ng dy phi ng in
trc, t TL 3P c tng tc (c n nh tc ng ca bo v tc ng nhanh
m vng bo v ca n bao trm ton b ng dy) khng kim tra c in p
trn ng dy hoc TL 3P c kim tra khng in p trn ng dy, cn
u kia ca ng dy TL 3P B. TL B thc hin vi iu kin khi u
ng dy kia ng thnh cng.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
thc hin ng b c th dng thit b theo nguyn l ca ct ho ng b
vi gc lch khng thay i.
Thit b TL nn thc hin sao cho chng c kh nng thay i th t ng my
ct hai u ng dy.
Khi thc hin TL B, c cu ca TL phi m bo c kh nng tc ng vi
lch tn s ln.
Gc lch pha ng ln nht cho php khi s dng TL B ly theo iu kin nu
iu IV.3.12. Nn ngi vn hnh thao tc ho ng b bn t ng.
IV.3.14. i vi ng dy c t my bin in p kim tra khng c in p v
kim tra c in p trn ng dy ca cc loi TL 3P nn dng thit b phn
ng theo in p dy hoc in p pha, in p th t nghch v th t khng.
Trong mt s trng hp, v d trn nhng DK khng c in khng b ngang,
c th khng dng in p th t khng.
IV.3.15. TL 1P c th ch dng trong li in c dng in chm t ln. TL 1P
khng t ng chuyn ng dy sang ch lm vic khng ton pha lu di
khi c s lch pha n nh cho cc trng hp sau:
1. i vi ng dy n mang ti ln lin lc gia cc h thng in hoc i
vi ng dy ti in trong ni b h thng in .
2. i vi ng dy mang ti ln lin lc gia cc h thng in in p t
220kV tr ln c t hai h lin lc ng vng tr ln vi iu kin khi ct mt
trong chng c th dn n mt n nh h thng in.
3. i vi cc ng dy lin lc gia cc h thng in hoc trong ni b h
thng in c in p khc nhau, nu khi ct ba pha ng dy c in p cao c
th dn n qu ti khng cho php ca ng dy in p thp v c kh gy
mt n nh h thng in.
4. i vi ng dy lin lc vi h thng cc nh my in c cc khi ln m
c t ph ti a phng.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
5. i vi cc ng dy ti in m thc hin TL 3P dn n mt ti t
ngt ln do gim in p.
Thit b TL 1P phi m bo khi a ra khi lm vic hoc khi mt ngun cp
in phi t ng chuyn bo v ca ng dy tc ng i ct c ba pha khng
qua thit b TL.
Xc nh pha s c khi ngn mch chm t phi c thc hin bng b chn,
b ny cng c th dng lm bo v ph tc ng nhanh ca ng dy trong
chu trnh TL 1P, khi TL 3P, TL 3PN hoc khi ngi vn hnh ng my
ct t mt pha ca ng dy.
Thi gian ca TL 1P c chnh nh theo thi gian dp tt h quang v kh
ion ca mi trng ch ngn mch mt pha trong ch khng ton pha vi
iu kin cc bo v hai u khng tc ng ng thi cng nh tc ng theo
bc thang ca b chn.
IV.3.16. i vi ng dy theo iu IV.3.15 th TL 1P c thc hin phi hp vi
cc loi TL 3P khc nhau. Khi phi c kh nng kho cc TL 3P trong
cc trng hp TL 1P hoc ch khi TL 1P khng thnh cng. Tu thuc vo
iu kin c th cho php thc hin TL 3P sau khi TL 1P khng thnh cng.
Trong trng hp ny, trc khi thc hin TL 3P mt u ng dy phi kim
tra khng in p trn ng dy vi mc thi gian duy tr tng ln.
IV.3.17. i vi ng dy n c ngun cung cp t hai pha lin h vi h thng c
cc nh my in cng sut nh c th dng TL 3P vi t ng ho t ng b
cc my pht in tuabin nc vi cc nh my thu in, TL 3P c thit b
khc nhau tu theo nh my thu in hoc nh my nhit in.
IV.3.18. i vi ng dy c ngun cung cp t hai pha khi c mt vi h lin lc
ng vng phi thc hin:
1. Khi c hai hoc ba h lin lc nu kh nng ct ng thi lu di hai trong
cc h (v d ng dy kp):

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
TL KB (ch yu vi ng dy 110 - 220kV v khi tho mn cc iu
kin nu trong iu IV.3.12, ngoi tr i vi trng hp ct tt c cc h
lin lc).
TL B (khi khng p dng c TL KB do nhng nguyn nhn nu
trong iu IV.3.12, ngoi tr i vi trng hp ct tt c cc h lin lc).
i vi cc ng dy quan trng c hai h lin lc cng nh c ba h m hai
trong (ng dy hai mch) khng th thc hin c TL KB do nhng
nguyn nhn nu trong iu IV.3.12 th cho php thc hin TL 1P, TL 3P N
hoc TL B (xem iu IV.3.11,13, 15). Khi cc thit b TL 1P v TL
3P N cn thm thit b TL B.
2. Khi c t bn h lin lc tr ln cng nh khi c ba h, nu trong ba h
vic ct ng thi hai trong cc h c xc sut nh ( kh xy ra) (v d nu tt c
l ng dy mt mch) th thc hin TL KB.
IV.3.19. Thit b TL B cn thc hin u ng dy c kim tra khng in p trn
ng dy v kim tra ng b, u kia ca ng dy ch kim tra ng b.
Nhng s thit b TL B ca ng dy phi thc hin ging nhau hai u
ng dy v tnh n kh nng thay i th t ng my ct khi TL.
Nn s dng thit b TL B khi ngi vn hnh ho ng b ng dy ni
hai h thng.
IV.3.20. Cho php s dng phi hp mt s loi TL ba pha trn ng dy, v d TL
3PN v TL 3P B. Cng cho php s dng cc loi TL khc nhau mi u
ng dy, v d TL 3P c kim tra khng in p (xem iu IV.3.13) mt
u v TL 3P c kim tra c in p v kim tra ng b u kia.
IV.3.21. Cho php kt hp TL 3P vi bo v tc ng nhanh khng chn lc hiu
chnh li s khng chn lc ny. Nn s dng TL tc ng ln lt; cng c
th s dng TL cng vi bo v tng tc trc TL hoc tc ng nhiu ln
(khng qu ba ln) tng dn v pha ngun cung cp.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.3.22. Khi s dng TL 3P tc ng mt ln trn ng dy, MBA c ngun cung cp
pha cao p c t dao to ngn mch v dao cch ly t ng, ct dao cch
ly t dng chu k khng in ca TL phi chnh nh theo tng thi gian
ng dao to ngn mch v thi gian ct dao cch ly t ng. Khi s dng TL
ba pha tc ng hai ln (xem iu IV.3.7) thi gian tc ng ca TL chu k
th nht theo iu kin nu khng c tng ln, nu vic ct dao cch ly t
ng c thc hin thi gian khng in ca chu k th hai ca TL.
i vi ng dy m dao cch ly t ng thay th my ct, vic ct dao cch ly
t ng trong trng hp TL khng thnh cng phi thc hin thi gian
khng in ca chu k th hai.
IV.3.23. Nu do TL tc ng c th ng khng ng b my b ng b hoc ng c
ng b v nu vic ng in ny i vi chng l khng cho php, v cng
ngn khng cp in t nhng my in ny n ch s c th phi t ng ct
cc my ng b ny khi mt in ngun hoc chuyn chng sang ch lm
vic khng ng b bng cch ct TDT v tip sau l t ng ng in hoc
ti ng b sau khi phc hi in p do TL thnh cng.
i vi cc trm c my b ng b hoc c ng c ng b phi c bin php
ngn cn tc ng sai ca TST khi TL tc ng.
IV.3.24. TL thanh ci ca nh my in hoc trm in khi c bo v ring ca thanh
ci v my ct cho php TL, phi thc hin theo mt trong hai phng n sau:
1. T ng ng in th thanh ci (a in p vo thanh ci bng my ct t
TL ca mt trong nhng l ngun).
2. T ng chn s in: u tin ng my ct t TL ca mt trong nhng
l ngun (v d ng dy, MBA) sau khi ng thnh cng phn t ny, tip
theo c th t ng khi phc hon ton s in trc s c bng cch ng
cc l cn li. TL thanh ci theo phng n ny trc ht nn t cc trm
khng c ngi trc.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Khi thc hin TL thanh ci phi c bin php loi tr ng khng ng b nu
khng cho php.
Phi m bo nhy ca bo v thanh ci trong trng hp TL khng
thnh cng.
IV.3.25. i vi trm c hai MBA gim p lm vic ring r, thng thng phi t TL
thanh ci pha trung p v h p kt hp vi TD; khi c s c bn trong
MBA TD phi tc ng, cn khi c s c khc th TL tc ng (xem iu
IV.3.42).
Trong cc trm c hai MBA lm vic song song trn thanh ci, cho php t
thm thit b TD vo thit b TL lm vic khi mt MBA ch d
phng.
IV.3.26. Thit b TL nn t trm bin p gim p ca h thng in c mt MBA
cng sut ln hn 1MVA v c my ct v bo v dng in pha ngun cung
cp m khi ct MBA lm mt in h tiu th. Trong mt s trng hp, theo qui
trnh c th ring, cho php TL tc ng khi ct MBA bng bo v chng ngn
mch bn trong my.
IV.3.27. Khi TL tc ng ng my ct th nht ca phn t c hai my ct hoc nhiu hn
khng thnh cng th TL cc my ct cn li thng phi kho TL khng cho
tc ng.
IV.3.28. Khi trm in hoc nh my in m my ct c b truyn ng in t, nu
TL c kh nng ng thi ng hai my ct hoc nhiu hn th m bo
mc in p ca cquy lc ng in v gim tit din ca cp ngun ca b
truyn ng ca my ct thng TL c thc hin khng cho ng ng thi
cc my ct (v d bng cch dng cc TL vi thi gian tc ng khc nhau). C
bit cho php cc trng hp (ch yu i vi 110kV v c nhiu l c trang b
TL) c ng thi ng hai my ct t TL.
IV.3.29. Tc ng ca thit b TL phi c ghi nhn bng thit b ch th t trong rle
ch th tc ng, bng my m s ln tc ng hoc bng cc thit b c nhim
v tng t.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng

T ng ng ngun d phng (TD)

IV.3.30. Thit b TD dng khi phc ngun cung cp in cho h tiu th in bng
cch t ng ngun d phng khi ngun ang lm vic b ct lm mt in trang b
in ca h tiu th. Thit b TD cng dng t ng ng thit b d phng
khi thit b chnh ang lm vic b ct in dn n ph v qui trnh cng ngh.
Thit b TD cng c th c p dng nu vic lm n gin ho khu bo
v rle, gim dng in ngn mch v h gi thnh cng trnh do thay th mch
vng kn bng li hnh tia c phn on v.v.
Thit b TD c th t MBA, trn ng dy, ti ng c in, my ct ni
thanh ci v my ct phn on v.v.
IV.3.31. Thit b TD phi m bo kh nng tc ng khi mt in p trn thanh ci cp
in cho nhng phn t c ngun d phng, bt k do nguyn nhn no, k c
ngn mch trn thanh ci (trng hp thanh ci khng c TL, xem iu
IV.3.42).
IV.3.32. Khi my ct ca ngun cung cp tc ng ct, thit b TD phi ng tc thi
my ct ca ngun d phng (xem iu IV.3.41). Khi phi m bo thit b
tc ng mt ln. Ngoi ra, nu khng i hi thm nhng thit b phc tp, TD
phi kim tra c trng thi ct ca my ct phn t ang lm vic.
IV.3.33. m bo TD tc ng khi l cung cp mt in do mt in p t pha
ngun cung cp hoc tc ng khi my ct pha nhn in ct (v d nh
trng hp bo v rle ca phn t lm vic ch ct my ct t pha ngun cung
cp) th trong s TD theo iu IV.3.32 phi thm vo b phn khi ng
in p. B phn khi ng ny khi mt in p trn phn t cung cp v c
in p phn t d phng phi tc ng ct my ct t pha nhn in. Khng
cn t b phn khi ng in p cho TD nu phn t lm vic v phn t d
phng c chung mt ngun cung cp.
IV.3.34. i vi MBA v ng dy khng di, tng tc tc ng ca TD nn thc
hin bo v rle tc ng i ct khng ch my ct pha ngun cung cp m

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
cn my ct pha nhn in. Cng vi mc ch i vi trng hp quan
trng (v d i vi h t dng ca nh my in), khi ct my ct pha ngun
cung cp do bt k nguyn nhn no cng phi ct ngay my ct pha nhn
in bng mch lin ng.
IV.3.35. Phn t km p ca b phn khi ng ca TD phn ng theo mt in p
ngun phi c chnh nh theo ch t khi ng ca cc ng c v hin
tng in p gim khi c ngn mch xa. in p tc ng ca phn t kim
tra in p trn thanh ci ngun d phng ca b phn khi ng trong TD
phi c la chn theo iu kin t khi ng ca cc ng c. Thi gian tc
ng ca b phn khi ng TD phi ln hn thi gian ct ngn mch ngoi
v thng ln hn thi gian tc ng TL t pha ngun. Hin tng ngn
mch ngoi lm gim in p dn n tc ng phn t km p ca b phn
khi ng.
Phn t km p ca b phn khi ng TD thng phi c kh nng loi tr
tc ng sai khi mt trong cc cu chy pha cao p hoc h p ca my bin
in p b chy t. Trng hp dng ptmt bo v cun dy h p th phi
kha b phn khi ng bng lin ng. Cho php khng thc hin yu cu trn
khi dng TD cho li in phn phi 6 10kV nu phi t thm my bin
in p vo mc ch ny.
IV.3.36. Nu khi s dng khi ng in p ca TD m thi gian tc ng ca n c th
ln qu mc cho php (v d trong trng hp ph ti c nhiu ng c ng
b), th ngoi b phn khi ng in p nn dng thm cc b phn khi ng
loi khc (v d loi phn ng khi mt dng in, gim tn s, thay i hng
cng sut v.v.).
Trng hp dng b phn khi ng theo tn s, khi tn s pha ngun cung cp
gim n tr s cho v tn s pha ngun d phng mc bnh thng th b
phn khi ng phi tc ng ct my ct ngun cung cp c thi gian.
Khi c yu cu ca cng ngh, c th thc hin khi ng TD bng cc cm
bin khc nhau (p lc, mc v.v.).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.3.37. S thit b TD ca ngun cung cp t dng trong nh my in - sau khi
ng ngun d phng vo thay cho mt trong nhng ngun lm vic ct ra phi c kh nng tc ng ct cc ngun cung cp khc ang lm vic.
IV.3.38. Khi thc hin TD phi kim tra kh nng qu ti ngun cung cp d phng
v kim tra s t khi ng ca cc ng c, nu c hin tng qu ti khng
cho php v ng c khng th t khi ng c th phi sa thi ph ti khi
TD tc ng (v d, ct cc ng c khng quan trng, v i khi, mt phn
cc ng c quan trng; i vi trng hp sau phi dng TL).
IV.3.39. Khi thc hin TD cn lu loi tr kh nng ng li cc ph ti va b ct ra
bi t ng sa thi ph ti theo tn s (TST). t mc ch trn phi p dng
nhng bin php c bit (v d, dng kho lin ng theo tn s). Trong trng
hp c bit, cho php khng thc hin bin php ny i vi TD nhng phi c
tnh ton cht ch.
IV.3.40. TD tc ng ng my ct c th khi cn duy tr ngn mch, thng thng bo
v ca my ct ny c mch tng tc (xem iu IV.3.5). Khi phi c bin
php trnh ct ngun cung cp d phng do mch tng tc ca bo v gy ra, v
trng hp ny "dng in ng" tng t ngt.
thc hin mc tiu ny, ti my ct ca ngun cung cp d phng cho t
dng nh my in, vic tng tc bo v ch c thc hin nu thi gian ca n
vt qu (1 1,2) giy; khi trong mch tng tc phi t thi gian bng
khong 0,5 giy. i vi cc trang b in khc, thi gian s c chn cn c
vo tng iu kin c th.
IV.3.41. Trng hp nu TD c th ng khng ng b my b ng b hoc ng c
ng b, v nu vic khng cho php th my ng b ny phi c ct t
ng hoc chuyn sang lm vic ch khng ng b bng cch ct TDT v
tip sau ng li hoc ti ng b sau khi phc hi in p do TD thnh cng.
Ngoi ra trnh hin tng dng in chy t my b pht ra n ch ngn mch
trong trng hp mt ngun cung cp, cng phi p dng bin php trn.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
trnh ng ngun d phng trc khi ct cc my in ng b, cho php dng
TD tc ng chm. Nu vic khng cho php i vi cc ph ti cn li, v
nu c tnh ton chnh xc, th cho php ct b phn khi ng TD ca ng
dy ni thanh ci ca ngun lm vic vi cc ph ti c my in ng b.
i vi cc trm in c my b ng b hoc ng c ng b phi c bin
php trnh TST hot ng sai khi TD tc ng (xem iu IV.3.79).
IV.3.42. ngn nga vic ng ngun d phng khi xy ra ngn mch ch d
phng khng r rng, ng thi ngn nga qu ti, gim nh t khi ng
cng nh khi phc s in bnh thng bng cc phng tin n gin
sau khi ct s c hoc do tc ng ca cc thit b t ng, nn s dng kt hp
thit b TD v TL. Thit b TD phi tc ng khi c s c ni b ngun
lm vic, cn TL s tc ng khi c s c khc.
Sau khi TL hoc TD tc ng thnh cng phi m bo t ng khi phc
s nh trc khi s c (v d nh i vi cc trm in c s in n
gin pha cao p - sau khi TL ng li ng dy cung cp, mch phi t
ng ct my ct va ng vo do tc ng ca TD my ct phn on
pha h p).

ng in my pht in
IV.3.43. Phi tin hnh ng in my pht in vo lm vic song song bng mt trong
nhng bin php sau: ho ng b chnh xc (bng tay, na t ng v t ng)
v ho t ng b (bng tay, na t ng v t ng).
IV.3.44. Bin php ho ng b chnh xc kiu t ng hoc na t ng l bin php
chnh a my pht vo lm vic song song i vi:
My pht in tuabin c cun dy kiu lm mt gin tip, cng sut ln hn
3MW v lm vic trc tip trn thanh ci in p my pht in, tr s thnh
phn chu k ca dng in qu ln hn 3,5I max.
My pht in tuabin c cun dy kiu lm mt trc tip.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
My pht in tuabin nc cng sut t 50MW tr ln.
Khi c s c h thng in, vic ng my pht in vo lm vic song song khng ph thuc vo h thng lm mt v cng sut - u c tin hnh bng
bin php ho t ng b.
IV.3.45. Ho t ng b phi l bin php chnh a my pht vo lm vic song song
i vi:
My pht in tuabin cng sut n 3MW.
My pht in tuabin lm mt gin tip, cng sut ln hn 3MW, lm vic trc
tip ln thanh ci in p my pht in, v nu tr s thnh phn chu k ca dng
in qu khi ng vo li bng bin php t ng b khng ln hn 3,5I d.
My pht in tuabin lm mt gin tip, vn hnh theo khi MBA.
My pht in tuabin nc cng sut n 50MW.
Cc my pht in tuabin nc c lin h cng v in vi nhau v lm vic
qua mt my ct chung, vi tng cng sut n 50MW.
Trong cc trng hp nu trn c th khng dng thit b ho ng b chnh xc
t ng hoc na t ng.
IV.3.46. Khi s dng ho t ng b lm bin php chnh a my pht in vo lm vic
song song nn t thit b ho ng b t ng my pht tuabin nc, cn my
pht tuabin hi th t thit b ho ng b bng tay hoc na t ng.
IV.3.47. Khi s dng ho ng b chnh xc lm bin php chnh a my pht in
vo lm vic song song nn dng thit b ho ng b chnh xc t ng hoc na
t ng. i vi my pht in cng sut n 15MW, cho php dng ho ng b
chnh xc bng tay kt hp vi thit b chng ng khng ng b.
IV.3.48. Theo qui nh nu trn, tt c my pht in phi trang b thit b ho ng b
tng ng t gian iu khin trung tm hoc t iu khin ti ch (i vi
my pht in tuabin nc), hoc t ti phng iu khin chnh hoc gian iu
khin khi (i vi my pht in tuabin).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Khng ph thuc vo bin php ho ng b, tt c my pht in phi c
trang b nhng thit b thch hp khi cn thit c th ho ng b chnh xc
bng tay kt hp vi kho chng ng khng ng b.
IV.3.49. Khi dng bin php ho ng b chnh xc ng vo li in t hai my
pht tr ln qua mt my ct chung th trc tin phi ho gia chng vi nhau
bng bin php ho t ng b, sau ho vo li in bng bin php ng
b chnh xc.
IV.3.50. Ti trm chuyn tip gia li in chnh v nh my in - ni cn tin hnh
ho ng b gia cc phn t ca h thng in - phi c trang b thit b phc
v cho vic ho ng b chnh xc na t ng hoc bng tay.

T ng iu chnh kch thch,

in p v cng sut phn khng (TQ)
IV.3.51. Thit b t ng iu chnh kch thch, in p v cng sut phn khng dng :
Duy tr in p trong h thng in v trn thit b in theo c tuyn
nh trc khi h thng in lm vic bnh thng.
Phn b ph ti phn khng gia cc ngun cng sut phn khng theo mt
qui lut nh trc.
Tng cng n nh tnh v n nh ng h thng in v cn du dao
ng xut hin trong ch qu .
IV.3.52. Cc my in ng b (my pht in, my b, ng c in) phi c trang b
TQ. Cc b iu chnh kch thch phi ph hp vi yu cu ca tiu chun
hin hnh i vi h thng kch thch v ph hp vi iu kin k thut ca thit
b thuc h thng kch thch.
i vi my pht in v my b ng b cng sut nh hn 2,5MW, tr my
pht in nh my in lm vic c lp hoc trong h thng in cng sut
khng ln, ch c s dng thit b kch thch cng bc kiu rle. i vi
ng c ng b phi trang b thit b TQ tng ng vi cc iu khon
quy nh (v d: ng c ng b phi c kch thch cng bc hoc kch thch

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
hn hp, ng c ng b dng trong mt s trng hp c bit phi c thm
TD v.v. ).
IV.3.53. Phi m bo tin cy cao i vi thit b TQ v cc thit b khc ca h
thng kch thch c cp in t my bin in p cng nh phi m bo
tin cy cao i vi cc mch tng ng.
Khi u TQ vo my bin in p c cu chy pha s cp cn lu :
i vi TQ v cc thit b khc ca h thng kch thch m khi mt ngun
cung cp c th dn ti qu ti hoc lm gim kch thch ca my n mc
khng cho php, phi ni chng vo mch nh th ca my bin in p m
khng qua cu chy hoc ptmt.
Thit b kch thch cng bc kiu rle phi c thc hin sao cho trnh lm vic
sai khi mt trong cc cu chy pha s cp ca my bin in p b t.
Khi u TQ vo my bin in p khng c cu chy pha s cp, phi thc hin:
TQ v cc thit b khc ca h thng kch thch phi u vo mch nh th
ca n qua ptmt.
Phi c bin php dng tip im ph ca ptmt loi tr tnh trng qu
ti hoc gim kch thch n mc khng cho php mi khi ptmt tc ng.
V nguyn tc, khng c u chung thit b v dng c o vo my bin in
p u thit b TQ v cc thit b khc ca h thng kch thch. Trng hp
c bit c th cho php u nhng phi qua ptmt hoc cu chy ring.
IV.3.54. Thit b TQ ca my pht tuabin nc phi thc hin sao cho khi mt ti t
ngt th trong iu kin b iu tc lm vic chun xc, bo v in p cao
khng c tc ng. Khi cn thit c th thm vo TQ thit b gim kch
thch tc ng nhanh.
IV.3.55. S thit b kch thch cng bc kiu rle phi c kh nng chuyn tc
ng ca n sang my kch thch d phng khi my ny thay th my kch
thch chnh.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.3.56. Thit b kch thch hn hp (compun) cn c ni vo my bin dng pha
u ra ca my pht in hoc my b ng b (pha thanh ci).
IV.3.57. nh my in hoc trm in khng c ngi trc thng xuyn, i vi my
pht in ng b 15MW tr ln hoc my b ng b t 15MVAr tr ln, lm
mt trc tip, bng iu khin phi c thit b t ng hn ch qu ti tc ng
c thi gian, ph thuc vo h s qu ti.
Thit b t ng hn ch qu ti khng c php cn tr kch thch cng bc
trong sut thi gian cho php i vi loi my tng ng.
IV.3.58. i vi my pht cng sut t 100MW tr ln v i vi my b ng b cng
sut t 100 MVAr tr ln nn t h thng kch thch tc ng nhanh c TQ
tc ng mnh.
C bit, tu thuc vo vai tr ca nh my in i vi h thng in, c th c
php dng cc TQ loi khc cng nh h thng kch thch tc ng chm.
IV.3.59. H thng kch thch v thit b TQ phi m bo iu chnh dng in kch
thch t tr s nh nht cho php n tr s ln nht cho php mt cch n nh.
i vi my b ng b c h thng kch thch khng o cc iu chnh, phi
m bo bt u t tr s dng in rto gn bng khng, cn i vi my b
ng b c h thng kch thch o cc - t tr s m ln nht ca dng in
kch thch.
i vi my pht lm vic theo khi MBA phi c kh nng b c dng in
do tn tht in p trong MBA.
IV.3.60. My pht in cng sut t 2,5MW tr ln nh my thu in v nh my
nhit in c t bn t my tr ln phi c trang b h thng t ng iu
khin qu trnh cng ngh chung cho nh my. Nu khng c h thng ni trn
th phi t h thng iu khin kch thch nhm. Nhng h thng ny ca my
pht in nh my nhit in c thc hin ph thuc vo s , ch lm
vic v cng sut ca nh my in.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.3.61. Cc MBA c b iu chnh in p di ti (ADT) trm phn phi v h
thng t dng ca nh my in, cng nh b iu chnh tuyn tnh trm phn
phi duy tr hoc thay i in p mc nh trc, phi c trang b h
thng t ng iu chnh h s bin i in p ca MBA. Khi cn thit thit b
t ng iu chnh phi m bo iu chnh i ng in p.
i vi trm bin p c MBA (hoc MBA t ngu) c h thng t ng iu
chnh t s bin i in p lm vic song song, phi trang b h thng t ng
iu khin qu trnh cng ngh chung cho ton trm hoc h thng iu chnh
nhm loi tr vic xut hin dng in khng cn bng gia cc MBA.
IV.3.62. Cc b t in b cn c trang b thit b t ng iu chnh thch hp.

T ng iu chnh tn s v cng sut tc dng (TF&TP)

IV.3.63. H thng t ng iu chnh tn s v cng sut tc dng (TF & TP) dng :
Duy tr tn s ca h thng in hp nht (h thng in Quc gia, h thng
in lin hp) v h thng in c lp trong ch bnh thng theo yu cu
ca tiu chun hin hnh v cht lng in nng.
iu chnh trao i cng sut gia cc h thng in hp nht v hn ch qu
dng cng sut qua cc h lin lc kim tra trong v ngoi ca h thng in hp
nht v h thng in.
Phn b cng sut (trong c phn b cng sut kinh t) gia cc i tng
iu khin tt c cc cp iu qun l (gia h thng hp nht, cc h thng
in trong h thng hp nht, cc nh my in trong h thng in v cc t
my hoc cc khi trong nh my in).
IV.3.64. H thng TF & TP (khi c n nh phm vi iu chnh) nh my in,
trong tnh trng h thng in vn hnh bnh thng, phi m bo duy tr
lch trung bnh ca tn s so vi tn s nh trong gii hn 0,1Hz trong
khong thi gian 10 pht mt v hn ch qu dng cng sut qua cc h lin lc

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
kim tra vi mc khng ch khng t hn 70% bin dao ng qu dng
cng sut vi chu k t 2 pht tr ln.
IV.3.65. Trong h thng TT & TP phi c:
Thit b t ng iu chnh tn s, iu chnh trao i cng sut v hn ch
qu dng cng sut t ti cc trung tm iu .
Thit b phn b tn hiu iu khin gia cc nh my in b iu khin vi
cc thit b hn ch qu dng cng sut qua cc h lin lc kim tra bn trong h
thng t cc trung tm iu ca h thng in. Cc tn hiu ny c nhn
t h thng TT & TP ca cp iu cao hn.
Thit b dng iu khin cng sut tc dng nh my in c tham gia
vo qu trnh t ng iu khin cng sut.
Cc cm bin qu dng cng sut tc dng v cc phng tin iu khin t xa.
IV.3.66. Thit b TT v TP cc trung tm iu phi bo m pht hin sai lch
thc t so vi ch nh sn, to lp v truyn cc tc ng iu khin n
trung tm iu cp di v cc nh my in tham gia vo qu trnh t ng
iu khin cng sut.
IV.3.67. Thit b t ng iu khin cng sut ca nh my in phi bo m:
Nhn v to lp li cc tc ng iu khin c gi n t iu cp trn
v hnh thnh tn hiu tc ng iu khin ca cp nh my.
To lp cc tc ng iu khin cho tng khi.
Duy tr cng sut ca khi ph hp vi cc tc ng iu khin nhn c.
IV.3.68. iu khin cng sut nh my in phi thc hin vi tn s n nh, thay i
trong gii hn t 3 n 6%.
IV.3.69. i vi nh my thu in, h thng iu khin cng sut phi c nhng thit
b t ng bo m c th khi ng v dng t my, v khi cn cng c th
chuyn sang ch b ng b hoc sang ch pht ph thuc vo iu
kin v ch lm vic ca nh my v h thng in, c tnh n cc hn
ch ca t my.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Ti nh my thu in, cng sut ca chng xc nh theo ch ca dng chy
cng cn c thit b t ng iu chnh cng sut theo dng chy.
IV.3.70. Thit b TT v TP phi c kh nng thay i cc thng s chnh nh khi thay
i ch lm vic ca i tng iu khin v phi c trang b cc phn t
bo tn hiu, kho lin ng v bo v ngn nga cc tc ng bt li khi ch
lm vic bnh thng ca i tng iu khin c bin ng hoc khi c h
hng trong bn thn thit b. Cc phn t ni trn cng nhm loi tr nhng tc
ng c th ngn cn cc thit b chng s c thc hin chc nng ca chng.
cc nh my nhit in, thit b TT v TP phi c trang b cc phn t
nhm ngn nga s thay i cc thng s cng ngh ln hn mc cho php do
tc ng ca cc thit b trong t my hoc khi.
IV.3.71. Cc phng tin iu khin t xa phi m bo a c cc thng tin v qu
dng cng sut vo cc h lin lc bn trong h thng v cc h lin lc gia cc
h thng, truyn cc tc ng iu khin v tn hiu t thit b TT v TP n
cc i tng iu khin cng nh truyn cc thng tin cn thit n c quan qun
l cp trn.

T ng ngn nga mt n nh
IV.3.72. Thit b t ng ngn nga mt n nh ca h thng in c trang b tu
thuc theo tng iu kin c th, nhng ni m xt v kinh t v k thut l
hp l, gi c n nh ng tt nht v m bo d phng n nh tnh
ch sau s c.
Thit b t ng ngn nga mt n nh c th c p dng trong nhng trng
hp sau:
a. Ct ng dy khng c s c cng nh ng dy b s c do ngn mch
mt pha khi bo v chnh v TL mt pha lm vic. iu ny c th xy ra
trong ch ng dy mang ti ln hoc trong khi sa cha li in. Cho
php s dng cc thit b t ng trong cc s li in s c v trong cc s

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
v ch lm vic bnh thng ca h thng, nu vic mt n nh do thit
b t ng t chi lm vic khng dn n ct phn ln cc ph ti ca h thng
(v d do tc ng ca TST).
b. Ct cc ng dy do ngn mch nhiu pha khi bo v chnh lm vic trong
ch lm vic bnh thng v ch s c ca li in; cho php khng tnh
n trng hp ng dy mang ti ln.
c. My ct t chi ct theo tc ng ca thit b DTC khi ngn mch trong ch
lm vic bnh thng ca h thng in v trong s bnh thng ca li in.
d. Tch ra khi h thng in nhng ng dy lm vic khng ng b trong
ch bnh thng.
e. Thiu cng sut nghim trng hoc tha cng sut mt trong cc phn ni
vo h thng hp nht.
f. C cc thit b t ng ng li nhanh (TLN) hoc TL lm vic trong s
v ch bnh thng.
IV.3.73. Thit b t ng ngn nga mt ng b c th c s dng vo nhng mc
ch sau:
a. Ct mt phn cc my pht in ca nh my thu in - v i khi - ct my
pht in hoc mt s khi nh my nhit in.
b. Gim hoc tng ph ti ca tuabin hi mt cch nhanh chng trong gii hn c
th ca thit b nhit (tip theo khng t ng phc hi ph ti nh c).
c. Trong trng hp c bit, c th dng ct mt phn ph ti ca cc h tiu
th c th chu c mt in ngn hn (t ng ct ring ph ti).
d. Phn chia h thng in (nu cc bin php trn cha ).
e. Gim nhanh chng v ngn hn ph ti trn tuabin hi (tip theo t ng
phc hi ph ti nh c).
Thit b t ng ngn nga mt n nh c th lm thay i ch lm vic ca
thit b b dc v b ngang v cc thit b khc ca ng dy ti in, v d

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
in khng b ngang, b t ng iu chnh kch thch ca my pht v.v. Gim
cng sut tc dng ca nh my in khi c s c theo iu IV.3.72, mc a v b,
nn hn ch lng cng sut dn n tc ng TST trong h thng hoc dn n
nhng hu qu khng mong mun khc.
IV.3.74. Cng tn hiu iu khin ca thit b t ng ngn nga mt n nh (v d
cng sut ca my pht in b ct hoc su ca gim ti tuabin) phi c
xc nh bi cng gy tc ng (v d lng cng sut truyn ti gim t
ngt khi ngn mch v thi gian ko di ngn mch) hoc cng ca qu
trnh qu c ghi nhn t ng, cng nh bi tnh trng nng n ca ch
ban u. Tnh trng ny c ghi nhn trn my o t ng hoc c ghi li do
nhn vin vn hnh.

T ng chm dt ch khng ng b
IV.3.75. chm dt ch khng ng b (KB) nu n xut hin, phi da ch yu
vo cc thit b t ng. Cc thit b ny c nhim v phn bit ch khng
ng b vi dao ng ng b, ngn mch hoc cc ch lm vic khng bnh
thng khc.
Trong phm vi c th, nhng thit b ni trn phi thc hin trc tin cc bin
php theo hng lm nh iu kin ti ng b, v d nh:
Nhanh chng tng ph ti ca tuabin hoc ct mt phn ph ti cc h tiu
th ( phn h thng ang thiu ht cng sut).
Gim cng sut pht bng cch tc ng ln b iu tc tuabin hoc ct mt
phn cc my pht in ( phn h thng ang tha cng sut).
Vic t ng tch h thng ti nhng im nh trc ch c thc hin sau khi
xut hin khng ng b, nu cc bin php trn khng ko vo ng b c
sau khi qua mt s chu k dao ng nh trc, hoc khi ch khng ng
b ko di qu gii hn cho.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Trong trng hp khng c php lm vic ch khng ng b, ti ng
b nguy him hoc km hiu qu, th chm dt KB phi dng thit b phn
chia c thi gian nh nht m vn m bo n nh theo cc lin h khc v tc
ng chn lc ca cc thit b t ng.

T ng hn ch tn s gim
IV.3.76. T ng hn ch tn s gim phi c thc hin theo tnh ton sao cho khi c
bt k s thiu ht cng sut no trong h thng in hp nht, trong h thng
in hoc trong nt h thng in th kh nng tn s gim xung di 45Hz
c hon ton loi tr. Thi gian tn s di 47Hz khng qu 20 giy, cn tn
s di 48,5Hz - khng qu 60 giy.
IV.3.77. H thng t ng hn ch tn s gim thc hin:
T ng ng ngun d phng theo tn s.
T ng sa thi ph ti theo tn s (TST).
Sa thi thm ph ti.
ng li cc ph ti b ct khi tn s c khi phc (TL TS).
Tch cc nh my in hoc my pht in cn bng ph ti, tch cc my
pht in cung cp ring cho t dng nh my in.
IV.3.78. Khi tn s gim, vic u tin l phi t ng ng ngun d phng gim
khi lng ct ph ti hoc thi gian ngng cung cp in cho cc h tiu th,
gm cc bin php sau:
Huy ng d phng nng cc nh my nhit in.
T ng khi ng cc my pht tuabin nc ang ch d phng.
T ng chuyn cc my pht tuabin nc ang lm vic ch b sang
ch pht.
T ng khi ng cc tuabin kh.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.3.79. Vic t ng sa thi ph ti theo tn s c thc hin bng cch ct s lng
nh cc ph ti theo mc gim tn s (TST1) hoc theo mc ko di ca
thi gian gim tn s (TST2).
Thit b TST phi t ti cc trm ca h thng. Cho php t chng trc tip ti
h tiu th nhng phi do ngnh in qun l.
Khi lng ct ph ti c xc nh cn c vo vic m bo tnh hiu qu khi
c bt k s thiu ht cng sut no; th t ct c chn sao cho gy thit hi t
nht do ngng cung cp in. i khi phi dng nhiu thit b TST v nhiu cp tc
ng ca TST. Cc ph ti quan trng thng phi ct sau cng.
Tc ng ca TST phi phi hp vi tc ng ca cc thit b TL v TD.
Khng cho php gim khi lng TST do tc ng ca TD hoc do nhn vin
vn hnh.
IV.3.80. Vic sa thi thm ph ti phi c p dng cc h thng in hoc mt
phn h thng in m c kh nng thiu ht cng sut ln v TST tc
ng t hiu qu, xt v mc cng nh tc sa thi.
Cp qun l h thng in xc nh s cn thit phi thc hin sa thi thm,
khi lng sa thi v cc yu t cn tc ng (ct cc phn t cung cp, gim
nhanh cng sut tc dng v.v.).
IV.3.81. Thit b TL TS dng gim thi gian ngng cung cp in cho cc h tiu
th khi tn s phc hi do ng cc ngun cng sut, ti ng b hoc ng b
theo cc ng truyn ti ct.
Khi b tr thit b v phn b ph ti theo th t, TL TS nn tnh n mc
quan trng ca ph ti, kh nng ct chng bng TST, s phc tp v thi gian
tr ca vic phc hi cc ng dy khng trang b t ng ho (cn c vo cc
qui trnh vn hnh ca i tng). Thng thng th t ng cc ph ti bng
TL TS ngc vi th t sa thi theo TST.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.3.82. Vic tch cc nh my in, my pht in cn bng ph ti hoc tch ring
my pht cung cp cho t dng ca nh my in c thc hin nhm cc mc
ch sau:
duy tr cung cp t dng cho nh my in.
ngn nga mt in ton b nh my in khi thit b hn ch gim tn s
t chi lm vic hoc lm vic khng hiu qu theo iu IV.3.79 v IV.3.81.
bo m cung cp in cho nhng h tiu th c bit quan trng.
thay cho vic sa thi thm ph ti, khi m cc tnh ton kinh t k thut
chng t l hp l.
IV.3.83. S cn thit phi dng bin php sa thi thm ph ti, khi lng ct ti (khi
TST) v ng ti (khi TL TS), mc chnh nh thi gian, tn s, v cc
thng s kim tra khc i vi thit b hn ch gim tn s c xc nh
trong iu kin h thng in vn hnh theo qui phm hin hnh v cc qui
nh lin quan khc.

T ng hn ch tn s tng
IV.3.84. Vi mc ch ngn nga tn s tng cao qu mc cho php ca cc nh my
nhit in c kh nng vn hnh song song vi cc nh my thu in cng sut
rt ln trong trng hp mt ti t ngt, phi s dng thit b t ng tc ng
khi tn s vt qu 52 53Hz. Cc thit b ny trc ht phi tc ng i ct
mt s my pht in ca nh my thu in. Cng c th s dng thit b tc
ng i tch nh my nhit in ra khi nh my thu in nhng vn gi li
cho nh my nhit in mt ph ti cng gn vi cng sut ca n cng tt.
Ngoi ra i vi phn h thng in ch gm ton cc nh my thu in phi
b tr thit b nhm hn ch hin tng tn s tng n 60Hz do s c, bng
cch ct mt s my pht in bo m cc ph ti ng c in lm vic
c bnh thng. Cn i vi phn h thng ch gm ton nh my nhit in
th phi b tr thit b hn ch thi gian tn s tng ko di ti tr s m ph ti ca
khi khng vt ra khi gii hn phm vi iu chnh ca chng.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng

T ng hn ch in p gim
IV.3.85. Thit b t ng hn ch in p gim c lp t nhm mc ch loi tr ph
v n nh ca ph ti v phn ng gim in p dy chuyn ch sau s c
ca h thng in.
Cc thit b ny khng ch theo di ring tr s in p m cn c th kim tra
cc thng s khc, k c tc bin thin ca in p. Ngoi ra n cn c nhim
v tng cng kch thch cng bc cc my in ng b, thit b b cng
bc, ct cc cun khng v - trong trng hp bt buc khi cc tnh ton k
thut cho thy li in khng kh nng khc phc - th i ct ph ti.

T ng hn ch in p tng
IV.3.86. Vi mc ch hn ch thi gian tng in p trn cc thit b cao p ca ng
dy truyn ti in, nh my in v trm in do vic ct cc pha ca ng
dy t mt pha, phi s dng thit b t ng tc ng khi in p tng qu 110
- 130% in p danh nh, khi cn thit phi kim tra tr s v hng cng sut
phn khng trn cc ng dy truyn ti in.
Cc thit b ny phi tc ng c thi gian duy tr, c tnh n thi gian qu in
p cho php, v c chnh nh theo thi gian qu in p ng ct, qu in
p kh quyn v dao ng, vc u tin l phi i ng cc in khng b ngang
(nu chng c lp nh my in v trm in ni ghi nhn c tng in p).
Nu nh my in v trm in khng c in khng b ngang c my ct, hoc
vic ng cc cun khng khng gim c in p nh yu cu th thit b
phi tc ng i ct ng dy gy ra tng in p.

T ng ngn nga qu ti
IV.3.87. Thit b t ng ngn nga qu ti c dng hn ch thi gian ko di dng
in qu ti trn ng dy, trong MBA, trong t b dc, nu thi gian ny vt
qu mc cho php.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Thit b ny phi tc ng i gim ti nh my in, chng c th tc ng ct
ph ti v phn chia h thng v cp cui cng ct nhng thit b chu qu
ti. Khi phi c bin php ngn nga ph v n nh v cc hu qu khng
mong mun khc.

iu khin t xa
IV.3.88. iu khin t xa (gm iu khin t xa, tn hiu t xa, thu thp s liu t xa, o
lng t xa v iu chnh t xa), trong c h thng SCADA, c dng
iu hnh nhng cng trnh in phn tn c lin h vi nhau trong ch vn
hnh chung, v kim sot chng. iu kin bt buc khi dng iu khin t xa l
tnh hp l v kinh t k thut, nng cao hiu qu cng tc iu (lm cho ch
vn hnh v qu trnh sn xut tt hn, x l s c nhanh, nng cao tnh kinh
t v tin cy lm vic ca cc thit b in, tng cht lng in nng, gim
s lng nhn vin vn hnh, khng cn ngi trc ca thng xuyn, gim mt
bng sn xut v.v.).
Cc phng tin iu khin t xa cng c th dng truyn i xa cc tn hiu
ca h thng t ng iu chnh tn s, thit b t ng chng s c v cc h
thng thit b iu chnh v iu khin khc.
IV.3.89. Khi lng iu khin t xa ca trang b in phi c xc nh theo tiu chun
ngnh hoc cc qui nh hng dn khc ph hp vi khi lng t ng ho.
Cc phng tin iu khin t xa trc ht dng thu thp cc thng tin v ch
lm vic, tnh trng hot ng ca thit b ng ct chnh, v nhng thay i
khi xut hin ch hoc tnh trng s c, v kim tra vic thc hin cc lnh
ng ct (theo k hoch sn xut, sa cha, vn hnh). Ngoi ra, thit b iu
khin t xa cn to iu kin thun li cho nhn vin vn hnh p dng cc ch
thch hp vo quy trnh cng ngh.
Khi xc nh khi lng iu khin t xa ca cc cng trnh in khng c
ngi trc ca thng xuyn, u tin phi xem xt kh nng dng cc thit b
bo tn hiu n gin nht (dng tn hiu cnh bo s c t xa c hai tn hiu
tr ln).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.3.90. H thng iu khin t xa phi c thit b cn thit tp trung gii quyt vn
xc lp ch lm vic ca cc cng trnh in trong li in phc tp mt
cch tin cy v kinh t, nu nhng vn khng gii quyt c bng cc
phng tin t ng.
i vi cc cng trnh in c t iu khin t xa, cc thao tc iu khin cng
nh tc ng ca thit b bo v v t ng khng nht thit c thm nhng thao
tc ph ti ch (do ngi trc ca hoc gi ngi n).
Nu chi ph v cc ch tiu kinh t k thut ca iu khin t xa v t ng ho
nh nhau th nn u tin dng t ng ho.
IV.3.91. Tn hiu t xa c dng :
Phn nh ln trung tm iu v trng thi v tnh trng ca thit b ng ct
ca cng trnh in thuc c quan qun l trc tip hoc phn nh ln nhng trung
tm iu cp trn c ngha quyt nh n ch lm vic ca h thng cung
cp in.
Np cc thng tin vo my tnh hoc vo thit b x l thng tin.
Truyn cc tn hiu s c v cc tn hiu cnh bo.
Tn hiu t xa t cc cng trnh in di s iu hnh ca mt s trm iu
thng phi truyn cc tn hiu ln cc iu cp trn bng cch chuyn tip
hoc chuyn cc tn hiu c chn lc t cc trm iu cp di. H thng
truyn thng tin thng phi thc hin khng nhiu hn mt cp chuyn tip.
truyn tn hiu t xa v tnh trng hoc trng thi ca thit b in cng
trnh in thng phi dng mt tip im ph ca thit b hoc tip im ca
rle lp li.
IV.3.92. o lng t xa phi bo m truyn cc thng s chnh v in hoc v cng
ngh (cc thng s c trng cho ch lm vic ca tng cng trnh), cc
thng s ny rt cn thit xc lp v kim tra ch lm vic ti u ca ton
b h thng cung cp in cng nh ngn nga hoc gii tr qu trnh s c
c th xy ra. o lng t xa cc thng s quan trng nht cng nh cc thng
s cn thit chuyn tip, lu tr hoc ghi li phi c thc hin lin tc.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
H thng truyn o lng t xa ln cc trung tm iu cp trn thng c
thc hin khng nhiu hn mt cp chuyn tip.
i vi cc thng s khng yu cu kim tra thng xuyn, vic o lng t xa
phi c thc hin theo nh k hoc theo yu cu.
Khi thc hin o lng t xa phi tnh n nhu cu c s liu ngay ti ch (ngay
ti bng iu khin). Theo nguyn tc, nhng b bin i (cm bin o lng t xa)
dng o ch s ti ch phi c t ngay trn bng ng h o, nu cp chnh
xc o lng c gi nguyn (xem Chng I.6 - Phn I).
IV.3.93. Khi lng iu khin t xa ca trang b in, cc yu cu ca thit b iu khin
t xa v cc knh lin lc trong h thng iu chnh t xa c xc nh bi
chnh xc, tin cy v thi gian tr ca thng tin khi thit k t ng iu
chnh tn s v dng cng sut trong h thng in hp nht. o lng t xa cc
thng s cn thit i vi h thng t ng iu chnh tn s v dng cng sut
phi c thc hin lin tc.
Tuyn truyn xa (knh lin lc) phc v cho vic o dng cng sut v truyn
cc tn hiu iu chnh t xa n cc nh my in chnh hoc n nhm cc nh
my in iu chnh, thng c tuyn knh iu khin t xa kp gm hai knh
c lp.
Trong cc thit b iu khin t xa phi c b bo v tc ng n h thng t
ng iu chnh khi c s c trong thit b hoc trong cc knh iu khin t xa.
IV.3.94. Trong tng trng hp c th phi xem xt mt cch thch ng cc vn v
iu khin t xa (c bit l khi thc hin cc knh lin lc v cc trm iu ),
kim tra v iu khin qu trnh sn xut trong h thng in, cp kh t, cp
nhit, thng gi v chiu sng cng cng.
IV.3.95. i vi cc trm in ln v cc nh my in c nhiu my pht in m
khong cch t gian my, trm bin p tng p v cc cng trnh khc n trung
tm iu khin qu ln, khi hp l v mt k thut nn t cc thit b iu khin
t xa trong ni b nh my. S lng cc thit b iu khin t xa ny phi ph hp
vi cc yu cu iu khin qu trnh cng ngh ca nh my, cng nh ph hp vi
cc ch tiu kinh t k thut ca tng cng trnh c th.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.3.96. Khi s dng phi hp cc h thng iu khin t xa khc nhau trong cng mt trm
iu , theo nguyn tc, cc thao tc ca nhn vin iu phi ging nhau.
IV.3.97. Khi s dng thit b iu khin t xa phi c kh nng ct ti ch trong nhng
trng hp sau y:
Ct ng thi tt c cc mch iu khin t xa v tn hiu t xa bng thit b
c th trng thy r ch mch b ct.
Ct mch iu khin t xa v tn hiu t xa ca tng i tng bng cc hng
kp c bit, hp th nghim v cc thit b khc c cu to sao cho th hin r
ch mch b ct.
IV.3.98. Cc lin h bn ngoi thit b iu khin t xa phi c thc hin theo cc yu
cu ca Chng IV.4.
IV.3.99. Thit b o lng - cm bin (cm bin o lng t xa) l nhng dng c o
lng in c nh phi c lp t theo Chng I.6 - Phn I.
IV.3.100. lm knh iu khin t xa, c th dng cc knh cho cc mc ch khc
hoc dng chnh cc knh dy dn (cp ngm hoc dy trn khng, cp quang
v.v. ), knh cao tn theo cc ng dy ti in v li phn phi, knh pht
thanh, knh tip sng lin lc.
Vic chn knh iu khin t xa, dng cc knh c sn hoc lp knh mi, phi
da trn tnh hp l v kinh t - k thut v yu cu v tin cy.
IV.3.101. s dng hp l thit b iu khin t xa v cc knh lin lc (khi tin cy
v cht lng truyn dn ca chng bo m yu cu k thut), cho php:
1. o cng sut t xa mt s ng dy song song cng in p bng mt thit
b o tng cng sut.
2. o t xa theo phng thc gi n trm kim tra thng qua mt thit b
chung o cc i tng ng nht - cn cc trm iu th dng mt
ng h o cc i lng t cc trm kim tra khc nhau truyn ti; khi
phi loi tr kh nng truyn ng thi hoc nhn ng thi cc i lng o.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
3. gim bt khi lng o t xa, cn tnh n kh nng thay th chng bng
cc tn hiu t xa, phn nh tr s gii hn ca cc thng s cn kim sot, hoc
bng thit b bo tn hiu v ghi li sai lch ca cc thng s vi tr s
tiu chun qui nh.
4. bo m truyn ng thi cc tn hiu lin tc v o lng t xa v tn
hiu t xa phi dng thit b iu khin t xa phc hp.
5. Dng cng mt thit b truyn dn iu khin t xa lm vic cho nhiu trm
iu , cng nh mt thit b iu khin t xa ca mt trm iu lm vic
cho mt s im kim tra.
IV.3.102. Ngun cung cp ca thit b iu khin t xa (ngun chnh cng nh ngun d
phng) cc trm iu v im kim tra c dng chung cho cc thit b
thuc knh lin lc v iu khin t xa.
Ti im kim tra dng dng in thao tc xoay chiu v c sn ngun d
phng th vn phi c ngun d phng dnh ring cho thit b iu khin t xa
(v d nh nhng phn on khc nhau ca thanh ci, cc u vo d phng
hoc gin cquy ca cc thit b knh lin lc, my bin in p u vo in
p trch t t in thng tin lin lc v.v.). V nguyn tc, nu h thng in
khng c ngun d phng th iu khin t xa cng khng cn t ngun d
phng. Ti im kim tra dng in cquy, ngun d phng cho iu khin t
xa phi c thc hin qua b i in. Vic cp in d phng cho thit b
iu khin t xa ti trm iu ca h thng in hp nht v cc in lc phi
c thc hin bng ngun in ring (cquy v b nn in, my pht in di
ng v.v.), s dng chung cho c thit b knh lin lc v iu khin t xa.
Khi ngun cp in chnh b s c, vic chuyn sang ngun d phng phi thc
hin t ng. Nhu cu thit lp ngun d phng cc trm iu x nghip cng
nghip c xc nh ph thuc vo yu cu bo m cung cp in tin cy.
IV.3.103. Tt c cc thit b v t iu khin t xa phi c nh du v t ch thun
tin cho vn hnh.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng

Chng IV.4
MCH IN NH TH
Phm vi p dng
IV.4.1. Chng ny p dng cho cc mch nh th (mch iu khin, o lng, tn hiu,
kim tra, t ng v bo v) ca cc trang b in.

Yu cu ca mch nh th
IV.4.2. in p lm vic ca mch nh th khng c ln hn 500V. Trng hp mch
nh th khng lin lc vi mch nh th khc v thit b ca mch b tr ring
bit th in p lm vic c php n 1kV.
Vic u ni mch nh th phi ph hp vi mi trng xung quanh v cc yu
cu v an ton.
IV.4.3. nh my in, trm in v x nghip cng nghip phi dng cp nh th rut
bng ng.
IV.4.4. Theo iu kin bn c hc:
1. Rut cp nh th ni vo hng kp ca t in, thit b v/hoc bng vn vt
phi c tit din khng nh hn 1,5mm2 (trong mch dng in 5A - 2,5mm2; vi
mch nh th khng quan trng, dy dn mch kim tra v mch tn hiu cho php
tit din bng 1mm2).
2. mch nh th c in p lm vic 100V tr ln, tit din ca rut cp ni
bng cch hn thic phi khng nh hn 0,5mm2.
3. mch c in p lm vic n 60V, cp ni bng cch hn thic c ng
knh khng c nh hn 0,5mm (tit din 0,197mm2). Cc thit b thng tin lin
lc, iu khin t xa v cc mch tng t nn u ni bng cch vn vt.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Vic u ni rut cp mt si (vn vt hoc hn thic) ch c dng trong cc
phn t tnh ca thit b. u ni rut cp vo cc phn t ca thit b di ng
hoc bng cch cm (phch cm, cc hp ni v.v.) cng nh u ni vo cc t v
thit b t ni c rung ng phi dng cp rut mm nhiu si.
IV.4.5. Tit din rut cp v dy dn phi p ng c cc yu cu bo v chng ngn
mch khng thi gian, p ng dng in ph ti lu di cho php theo Chng
I.3 - Phn I, chu c tc ng nhit (i vi mch i t my bin dng), cng
nh m bo thit b lm vic vi cp chnh xc cho. Khi phi m bo cc
yu cu sau:
1. My bin dng in cng vi mch in lm vic phi chnh xc:
Theo Chng I.5 Phn I - i vi cng t thanh ton.
i vi thit b bin i o lng cng sut np thng tin vo my tnh theo Chng I.5, nh cng t k thut.
Cp chnh xc khng nh hn 3,0 - i vi ng h o bng in v thit b
bin i o lng dng in v cng sut dng cho cc mch o lng.
Thng thng, trong gii hn sai s 10% - i vi mch bo v (xem Chng
IV.2).
2. i vi mch in p, tn tht in p t my bin in p (khi tt c cc bo
v v dng c o m lm vic, ph ti my bin in p ln nht) n:
Cng t thanh ton v thit b bin i o lng cng sut np thng tin vo
my tnh - khng ln hn 0,5%.
Cng t thanh ton trn ng dy ni gia cc h thng in - khng ln hn
0,25%.
Cng t k thut - khng ln hn 1,5%.
ng h bng in v b cm bin cng sut dng cho mch o lng khng ln hn 1,5%.
T bo v v t ng - khng ln hn 3% (xem Chng IV.2).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Khi phi hp cp in cho cc phn t k trn bng rut cp chung th tit din
ca chng phi chn theo tr s tn tht in p nh nht.
3. i vi mch dng in ng ct, tn tht in p t ngun cp:
n t thit b hoc cun iu khin in t khng c cng hnh - khng
ln hn 10% khi dng in ph ti ln nht.
n cun iu khin in t c cng hnh - khng ln hn 20% dng
in cng hnh.
4. i vi mch in p ca thit b t ng iu chnh kch thch, tn tht in p
t my bin in p n phn t o lng khng ln hn 1%.
IV.4.6. Cho php dng chung cp nh th nhiu rut cho cc mch iu khin, o lng,
bo v v tn hiu dng in mt chiu v xoay chiu cng nh mch lc cp in
cho nhng ph ti cng sut nh (v d nh ng c ca cc van).
trnh tng in khng ca rut cp, phi phn chia mch nh th ca my bin
dng v my bin in p sao cho trong bt c ch no tng dng in ca cc
mch ny trong mi cp bng khng.
Cho php dng chung cp cho cc mch khc nhau tr cc mch d phng.
IV.4.7. Thng thng cp nh th u vo hng kp tp trung, khng nn u hai u dy
dn nh th vo mt vt.
Cho php u trc tip cp vo u ra ca my bin p o lng. Cp u vo
kp phi thc hin tng ng vi tit din ca rut cp.
IV.4.8. Ch cho php ni di cp nh th nu tuyn cp c chiu di ln hn chiu di rul
cp ca nh sn xut. Ni cp nh th c v bc kim loi bng hp ni kn hoc
hng kp chuyn dng.
Cp c v bc phi kim th phi ni bng hng kp trung gian hoc bng hp ni
chuyn dng.
Cm ni dy mch nh th bng cch vn xon m khng hn.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.4.9. Cc rut cp v dy dn ca mch nh th u vo hng kp hoc u vo thit b
phi c s hiu u dy.
IV.4.10. Vic chn loi dy dn v cp dng cho cc mch nh th, phng php lp t
v bo v phi xt n cc yu cu lin quan Chng II.1, II.3 - Phn II v
Chng IV.1.
Khi t dy dn v cp i qua nhng ni nng, c du hoc cc cht c hi khc
nn s dng cc dy dn v cp c bit (xem Chng II.1 - Phn II).
Nu dy dn v rut cp c v bc cch in khng chu c tc ng ca nh
nng phi c bo v thch hp.
IV.4.11. Cp ca mch nh th ca my bin in p 110kV tr ln ni t my bin in
p n cc bng in phi c v bc kim loi v ni t hai u. Cp trong
mch cun dy chnh v cun dy ph ca cng mt my bin in p 110kV
tr ln phi t cnh nhau trn ton tuyn. i vi mch ca ng h v thit b
nhy cm vi in t trng ca cc thit b khc hoc t mch in i gn gy
ra th phi dng dy dn hoc cp c mn chn chung hoc rut c mn chn.
IV.4.12. Theo iu kin bn c hc, vic lp t mch dng in trong ni b t, bng
in, bn iu khin, hp v.v. cng nh trong ni b t truyn ng ca my ct,
dao cch ly v cc thit b khc phi dng dy dn hoc cp c tit din khng
nh hn:
1,5mm2 i vi rut mt si nu ni bng vt.
0,5mm2 i vi rut mt si nu ni bng cch hn.
0,35mm2 i vi rut nhiu si ni bng cch hn hoc ni bng vt nu rut
c u ct; nu c c s chng minh an ton trong vn hnh th c ni bng
cch hn rut cp nhiu si c tit din nh hn 0,35mm2 nhng khng nh hn
0,2mm2.
0,197mm2 i vi rut cp ni bng cch hn trong mch in p khng ln
hn 60V (bng in, bn iu khin iu , cc thit b iu khin t xa v.v.).

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Vic ni cp mt rut vo cc phn t c nh ca thit b phi bng cch vn vt
hoc hn. Vic ni rut cp vo cc phn t di ng hoc cc phn t tho lp
c ca thit b (phch cm hoc hp ni v.v.) nn thc hin bng cp rut
mm nhiu si.
Khi ni cp bng cch hn phi m bo khng c lc c hc ch ni.
i vi trng hp phi i qua ca th phi dng dy mm nhiu si tit din
khng nh hn 0,5mm2; c php dng cc dy mt si tit din khng nh
hn 1,5mm2 vi iu kin ch chuyn dy phi xon.
Tit din dy dn trn bng thit b v cc chi tit ch to sn c xc nh theo
yu cu bo v chng ngn mch khng thi gian, m bo yu cu dng in
lu di cho php theo Chng I.3 - Phn I, ngoi ra i vi mch i t my bin
dng in cn m bo yu cu chu nhit. Dy dn v cp s dng cn c cch
in khng chy c.
IV.4.13. Vic u ni gia cc thit b trong cng mt t, bng in c th thc hin trc
tip gia cc u cc hoc qua u kp trung gian.
Nhng mch m khi cn c th ni thit b hoc dng c kim tra, th nghim
vo th phi a u dy ra hng kp hoc hp th nghim.
IV.4.14. Phi t cc kp trung gian khi:
Ni dy dn vi cp.
Tp hp mch cng tn (tp trung cc u dy ca mch i ct, cc u dy
ca mch in p v.v.).
Cn ni ti cc thit b th nghim, o lng di ng hoc xch tay m
khng c hp th nghim hoc cc thit b tng t.
IV.4.15. Cc kp u dy ca mch kt hp hoc thit b khc nhau phi c tch ra hng
kp ring.
Trn dy hng kp khng c t cc u dy st nhau v nu chng chm
nhau s gy s c hoc thao tc sai.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Khi b tr cc thit b bo v khc nhau hoc cc thit b khc ca cng mt
mch trong t in, vic cp ngun in t cc ca mch ng ct qua hng kp
tp trung cng nh phn chia cc mch i cc t in khc phi thc hin c
lp vi tng loi bo v hoc thit b. Nu trong mch ct ca b bo v ring
khng t con ni th vic ni cc mch ny n rle u ra ca bo v hoc
mch ct ca my ct phi c thc hin qua cc kp u dy ring; khi
vic ni trong t ca cc mch nu trn cn thc hin khng ph thuc vo loi
bo v.
IV.4.16. kim tra v th nghim trong vn hnh mch bo v v t ng phi t cc
hp th nghim hoc nhng kp u dy o lng (tr trng hp ghi trong
iu IV.4.7), bo m khng phi tch dy dn hoc cp khi ngun dng in
ng ct, my bin in p v my bin dng in vi kh nng ni tt mch
dng in trc.
Vic ngng lm vic nh k ca thit b bo v rle v t ng theo yu cu ch
lm vic ca li in, theo iu kin v tnh chn lc hoc cc nguyn nhn
khc phi c phng tin chuyn dng nhn vin vn hnh a chng ra khi
ch lm vic.
IV.4.17. Cc hng kp u dy, cc tip im ph ca my ct, dao cch ly v cc thit b
khc, cng nh dy tip t phi b tr m bo an ton khi nhn vin vn hnh
lm vic vi chng m khng ct in mch s cp c in p ln hn 1kV .
IV.4.18. Cch in ca thit b trong mch nh th phi ph hp vi tiu chun, c xc
nh theo in p lm vic ca ngun (hoc my bin p cch ly) cung cp cho
mch ny.
Vic kim tra cch in ca cc mch thao tc in mt chiu v xoay chiu cn
thc hin cho tng ngun c lp (k c my bin p cch ly) khng c ni t.
Thit b kim tra cch in phi bo m bo tn hiu khi cch in thp hn tr s
nh; i vi mch in mt chiu cn o tr s in tr cch in ca cc cc.
Khng cn kim tra cch in i vi mch in thao tc khng c nhnh r.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.4.19. Ngun dng in ng ct cho mch nh th ca tng mch phi qua cu chy
hoc ptmt ring (u tin dng ptmt).
Ngun dng in ng ct cho mch bo v rle v mch iu khin my ct
ca tng mch phi thc hin qua ptmt hoc cu chy ring, khng lin h
vi cc mch khc (mch tn hiu, mch kho lin ng in t v.v.). Cho php
dng chung mch cp dng in iu khin my ct v cc n tn hiu bo v tr
my ct.
i vi mch 220kV tr ln, my pht in (hoc khi my pht in) cng sut
t 60MW tr ln phi c cp dng in ng ct ring (qua cu chy hoc
ptmt ring) cho cc mch bo v chnh v bo v d phng.
Khi u ni tip ptmt v cu chy th cu chy phi u trc ptmt tnh t
pha ngun cung cp.
IV.4.20. Thit b bo v rle, t ng v iu khin cc phn t quan trng phi c
kim tra lin tc tnh trng mch ngun dng in ng ct. kim tra c th
thc hin bng rle ring, n hoc dng thit b kim tra t mch sau mi
ln hot ng ca thit b ng ct do iu khin t xa.
i vi phn t t quan trng, vic kim tra mch ngun dng in ng ct ca
thit b bo v cho phn t c th thc hin bng cch truyn tn hiu v tr
ct ca ptmt trong mch dng in ng ct ct.
Kim tra t mch sau mi ln hot ng ca thit b ng ct phi thc hin khi
trong mch c cc tip im ph. Khi kim tra t mch ca mch ct
phi thc hin i vi tt c cc trng hp; cn kim tra t mch ca mch
ng ch thc hin my ct cho phn t quan trng, dao to ngn mch v
cc thit b b ng do tc ng ca t ng ng ngun d phng hoc ng
bng iu khin t xa.
IV.4.21. Trong cc trang b in, thng thng phi c h thng t ng bo tn hiu khi
h thng hot ng khng bnh thng v/hoc xut hin h hng.
Phi kim tra nh k hot ng ng ca cc tn hiu ny bng cch th.
trang b in khng c ngi trc thng xuyn th cc tn hiu ny c a
v a im c ngi trc.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
IV.4.22. Phi c bo v mch dng in ng ct, phng nga kh nng chng gy ra lm
vic sai cho cc thit b khc do qu in p khi ng cc cun in t hoc
ng in cc kh c khc hoc xy ra ngn mch chm t.
IV.4.23. Ni t trong mch nh th ca my bin dng nn thc hin ti mt im gn
my bin dng trn dy hng kp hoc trn cc cc ca my bin dng.
i vi h thng bo v khi mt s my bin dng kt ni vi nhau th ch ni
t mt im; trng hp ny cho php ni t qua bo v kiu nh thng c
in p phng in khng qu 1kV vi in tr 100 mc phn mch gii
phng in tch tnh in.
Cun th cp ca my bin dng trung gian cch ly cho php khng ni t.
IV.4.24. Cun th cp ca my bin in p phi ni t im trung tnh hoc mt
trong cc u ra ca cun dy c yu cu ni t.
Phi thc hin ni t cun dy th cp ca my bin in p im gn my
bin in p, trn hng kp hoc trn cc ca my bin in p.
Cho php ni chung mch nh th c ni t ca mt vi my bin in p
trong cng mt trang b phn phi vo mt thanh ni t chung. Nu thanh ni
t ny c lin h vi cc trang b phn phi khc v nm gian khc nhau (v
d cc t bng rle ca cc trang b phn phi c cp in p khc nhau) th
thng thng cc thanh khng cn ni vi nhau.
i vi my bin in p lm ngun cp in thao tc xoay chiu, nu khng
yu cu c ni t lm vic mt trong cc cc ca mch in thao tc th
vic ni t bo v cun dy th cp my bin in p phi ni qua bo v
kiu nh thng.
IV.4.25. My bin in p phi c bo v chng ngn mch mch nh th bng ptmt.
ptmt c t tt c cc dy dn khng ni t v t sau hng kp, tr
mch th t khng (tam gic h) ca my bin in p trong li c dng in
chm t ln.
i vi cc mch in p khng r nhnh cho php khng t ptmt.

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
Trong mch nh th ca my bin in p phi c kh nng trng thy c ch
ct (cu dao, ch ni kiu cm v.v.).
Khng cho php t thit b c kh nng lm t mch dy dn gia my bin
in p v ch ni t ca mch nh th.
IV.4.26. Trn my bin in p t li in c dng in chm t nh, khng c b
dng in in dung (v d li in t khi my pht - my bin p, li in
t dng ca nh my in v trm in) khi cn thit phi t bo v chng qu
in p khi im trung tnh t di chuyn. C th thc hin bo v bng cch mc
mt in tr thun vo mch tam gic h
IV.4.27. Mch nh th ca my bin in p ng dy t 220kV tr ln phi c d
phng t my bin in p khc.
Cho php thc hin d phng ln nhau gia cc my bin in p ng dy
nu cng sut ca chng cho ph ti ca mch nh th.
IV.4.28. My bin in p phi c kim tra t mch in p.
My bin in p cp in cho bo v rle phi c trang b nhng thit b nu
trong iu IV.2.8.
Khng k c hay khng c cc thit b nu trn, mch in p phi c nhng tn
hiu sau:
Khi ct ptmt - cn c vo tip im ph ca chng.
Khi rle lp li ca dao cch ly thanh ci khng lm vic - cn c vo thit b
kim tra t mch iu khin v mch rle lp li.
Khi h hng cu chy t mch cun cao p ca my bin in p - cn c
vo cc thit b trung tm.
IV.4.29. nhng ni chu tc ng va p v rung ng phi c bin php chng h
hng ch ni tip xc ca dy dn, chng rle tc ng sai, cng nh chng mi
mn theo thi gian ca thit b v ng h o.
IV.4.30. Trn t bng in, pha mt vn hnh phi ghi r chng thuc v mch no,
nhim v ca chng, s th t t bng in; cn trn cc kh c t trong t bng
in phi c nhn mc ph hp vi s .

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng

Ph lc
K hiu cc chc nng bo v v t ng
(Chi tit tham kho tiu chun IEC 617; IEEE C37.2-1991; IEEE C37.2-1979)
Theo tiu chun quc t hin hnh, cc chc nng bo v v t ng c k hiu bng
cc m s v ch theo danh mc di y:
1: Phn t ch huy khi ng
2: Rle trung gian (ch huy ng hoc khi ng) c tr thi gian
3: Rle lin ng hoc kim tra
4: Cngtct chnh
5: Thit b lm ngng hot ng
6: My ct khi ng
7: Rle tng t l
8: Thit b cch ly ngun iu khin
9: Thit b phc hi
10: ng ct phi hp thit b
11: Thit b a chc nng
12: Thit b chng vt tc
13: Thit b tc ng theo tc ng b
14: Chc nng gim tc
15: Thit b bm tc hoc tn s ph hp vi thit b song hnh
16: D phng cho tng lai hin cha s dng
17: Kha ng ct mch shunt hoc phng in
18: Thit b gia tc hoc gim tc ng
19: Cngtct khi ng thit b c qu (thit b khi ng qua nhiu mc tng dn)
20: Van vn hnh bng in
21. Rle khong cch
22: My ct tc ng iu khin cn bng
23: Thit b iu khin nhit

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
24: Rle t s V/Hz (in p/tn s), chc nng qu kch thch
25: Chc nng kim tra ng b
26: Chc nng bo v
27: Chc nng bo v km p
28: B gim st ngn la (vi tuabin kh hoc ni hi)
29: Cngtct to cch ly
30: Rle tn hiu (khng t gii tr c)
31: B kch m cch ly (kch m thyristor)
32: Chc nng nh hng cng sut
33: Kho v tr
34: Thit b t lch trnh lm vic
35: C gp chi than hoc vnh xuyn trt c chi than
36: Rle phn cc
37: Chc nng bo v km p hoc km cng sut
38: Chc nng o nhit vng bi hoc gi trc
39: Chc nng o rung
40: Chc nng bo v chng mt kch t
41: My ct dp t
42: My ct khi ng my hoc thit b
43: Thit b chuyn i hoc chn mch iu khin bng tay
44: Rle khi ng khi chc nng k tip vo thay th
45: Rle gim st tnh trng khng kh (khi, la, cht n v.v.)
46: Rle dng in th t nghch hoc b lc dng in th t thun
47: Rle in p th t nghch hoc b lc in p th t thun
48: Rle bo v duy tr trnh t
49: Rle nhit (bo v qu nhit)
50: Bo v qu dng ct nhanh
50N: Bo v qu dng ct nhanh chm t
51: Bo v qu dng (xoay chiu) c thi gian

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
51N: Bo v qu dng chm t c thi gian duy tr
52: My ct dng in xoay chiu
53: Rle cng bc kch thch in trng cho my in mt chiu
54: Thit b chuyn s c kh c iu khin bng in
55: Rle h s cng sut
56: Rle iu khin p dng in trng kch thch cho ng c xoay chiu
57: Thit b ni t hoc lm ngn mch
58: Rle ngn chn h hng chnh lu
59: Rle qu in p
60: Rle cn bng in p hoc dng in
61: Cm bin hoc kha ng ct theo mt kh
62: Rle duy tr thi gian ng hoc m tip im
63: Rle p lc (Buchholz)
64: Rle pht hin chm t
64R: Bo v chng chm t cho cun rto
64G: Bo v chng chm t cho cun stato
65: B iu tc
66: Chc nng m s ln khi ng trong mt gi
67: Rle bo v qu dng c hng
67N: Rle bo v qu dng chm t c hng
68: Rle kho
69: Thit b cho php iu khin
70: Bin tr
71: Rle mc du
72: My ct in mt chiu
73: Tip im c tr chu dng ti
74: Rle cnh bo (rle tn hiu)
75: C cu thay i v tr
76: Rle bo v qu dng mt chiu
77: Thit b o xa
78: Rle bo v gc lch pha

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Phn IV: Bo v v t ng
79: Rle t ng li (in xoay chiu)
80: Thit b chuyn i theo tro lu chy qua
81: Rle tn s
82: Rle ng lp li theo mc mang ti mch in mt chiu
83: Rle chuyn i hoc chn iu khin t ng
84: B iu p my bin p (OLTC)
85: Rle nhn thng tin phi hp tc ng t bo v u i din
86: Rle kho u ra
87: Bo v so lch
87B: Rle bo v so lch thanh ci
87G: Rle bo v so lch my pht
87L: Rle bo v so lch ng dy
87M: Rle bo v so lch ng c
87T: Rle bo v so lch my bin p
87TG: Rle bo v so lch hn ch my bin p chm t (ch gii hn cho cun dy u
sao c ni t)
88: ng c ph hoc my pht ng c
89: Kha ng ct mch
90: Rle iu chnh (in p, dng in, cng sut, tc , tn s, nhit )
91: Rle in p c hng
92: Rle in p v cng sut c hng
93: Cc chc nng tip im thay i kch thch
94: Rle ct u ra
95: Chc nng ng b (cho ng c ng b c ti nh v qun tnh nh) bng hiu ng
mmen t tr
96: Chc nng t ng i ti c hc
V d: F21
Bo v khong cch
Chc nng (Function)

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