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1. ASK, PSK, FSK, and QAM are
examples of _________ encoding.
a. Digital-to-digital
b. Digital-to-analog
c. Analog-to analog
d. Analog-to-digital
2. Unipolar, bipolar, and polar
encoding are types of ___________
encoding.
a. Digital-to-digital
b. Digital-to-analog
c. Analog-to-analog
d. Analog-to-digital
3. PCM is an example of __________
encoding.
a. Digital-to-digital
b. Digital-to-analog
c. Analog-to analog
d. Analog-to-digital
4. AM and FM are examples of
________ encoding.
a. Digital-to-digital
b. Digital-to-analog
c. Analog-to analog
d. Analog-to-digital
5. In QAM, both phase and ________ of
a carrier frequency are varied.
a. Amplitude
b. Frequency
c. Bit rate
d. Baud rate
6. Which of the following is most
affected by noise?
a. PSK
b. ASK
c. FSK
d. QAM
7. If the frequency spectrum of a
signal has a bandwidth of 500 Hz with
the highest frequency at 600 Hz, what
should be the sampling rate according
to the Nyquist theorem?
a. 200 samples/sec
b. 500 samples/sec
c. 1000 samples/sec
d. 1200 samples/sec
8. If the baud rate is 400 for a 4-PSK,
the bit rate is ______ bps.
a. 100
b. 400
c. 800
d. 1600
9. Determine the channel capacity of
a 4 kHz channel with S/N = 10 dB.
a. 8.02 kbps
b. 4.17 kbps
c. 13.74 kbps
d. 26.58 kbps
10. If the bit rate for an ASK signal is
1200 bps, the baud rate is
a. 300
b. 400
c. 600
d. 1200
11. Which encoding method uses
alternating positive and negative
values for 1s?
a. NRZ-I
b. RZ
c. Manchester
d. AMI
12. If the maximum value of a PCM
signal is 31 and the minimum value is

-31, how many bits were used for

coding?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
13. Deliberate violations of alternate
mark inversion are used in which type
of digital-to-digital encoding?
a. AMI
b. B8ZS
c. RZ
d. Manchester
14. RZ encoding involves _______
levels of signal amplitude.
a. 1
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
15. If the transmission rate of a digital
communication system of 10 Mbps
modulation scheme used in 16-QAM,
determined the bandwidth efficiency.
a. 16 bits/cycle
b. 4 bits/cycle
c. 8 bits/cycle
d. 2 bits/cycle
16. In _________ transmission, bits are
transmitted simultaneously, each
across its own channel .
a. Asynchronous serial
b. Synchronous serial
c. Parallel
d. A and B
17. Data are sent over pin ________ of
the EIA-RS-232 interface.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. All of the above
18. In the EIA-RS-232 standard what
does -12V on a data pin represent?
a. 1
b. 0
c. Undefined
d. Either 1 or 0 depending on the
coding scheme
19. The majority of the pins f the EIARS-232 interface are used for _____
purpose.
a. Control
b. Timing
c. Data
d. Testing
20. X-21 uses a _____ connector.
a. DB-15
b. DB-25
c. DB37
d. DB-9
21. If you have two close, compatible
DTEs that can communicate data that
do not need to be modulated. A good
interface would be ________. a. A null
modem
b. An EIA-RS-232 modem
c. A DB-45 connector
d. A transceiver
22. What is the object of trellis
coding?? a. To narrow bandwidth
b. To simplify encoding
c. To increase data rate
d. To reduce the error rate
23. In trellis coding. The number of
the data bits is _____ the number of
transmitted bits. a. Equal to
b. Less than
c. More than

d. Double that of
24. Which ITU-T modem uses trellis
coding? a. V.33
b. V.34
c. V.39
d. V.37
25. The signal between two modems
is always a. Digital
b. Analog
c. PSK
d. QAM
26. For digital communications,
determine the signal to noise ratio in
dB which would be required for an
ideal channel with a bandwidth of
2500 Hz. a. 5
b. 9.54 dB
c. 4.77 dB
d. 3.4
27. For a PCM system with a
maximum decoded voltage at the
receiver of 2.55 V and minimum
dynamic range of 46 dB, determine
the maximum quantization error. a.
5.0 V
b. 0.5 V
c. 0.005 V
d. 0.05 V
28. Determine the bandwidth
efficiency for QPSK modulation
scheme at a transmission rate of 10
Mbps. a. 2 bits/cycle
b. 4 bits/cycle
c. 8 bits/cycle
d. 16 bits/cycle
29. A modulator converts a (an) ______
signal to a (an) __________ signal. a.
Digital, analog
b. Analog, digital
c. PSK, FSK
d. FSK, PSK
30. Which of the following modulation
techniques are used by modems? a.
16-QAM
b. FSK
c. 8-PSK
d. All of the above
31. A broadcast TV channel has a
bandwidth of 6 MHz. Ignoring noise,
calculate the maximum data rate that
could be carried in a TV channel using
a 16-level code and determine the
minimum possible signal-to-noise ratio
in dB for the calculated data rate. a.
24 Mbps, 48 dB
b. 48 Mbps, 24 dB
c. 24 Mbps, 24 dB
d. 48 Mbps, 48 dB
32. Which of the following modems
uses FSK modulation? a. Bell 103
b. Bell 201
c. Bell 212
d. All of the above
33. A maximum length of 50 feet is
specified in standard __________. a.
EIA-RS-449
b. EIA-RS-232
c. EIA-RS-423
d. RS-422
34. A cable range of 40 to _____ feet is
possible according to the EIA-RS-449
standard. a. 50
b. 400
c. 500
d. 4000
35. What is the bandwidth required to
transmit at a rate of 10Mbits/sec in

the presence of a 28 dB S/N ratio? a.

107.5 kHz
b. 3.57 MHz
c. 357.14 kHz
d. 1.075 MHz
36. The maximum data rate for RS442 is ________ times that of the
maximum RS-423 data rate. a. 0.1
b. 10
c. 100
d. 500
37. For an Ethernet bus that is 500
meters in length using a cable with a
velocity factor of 0.66, and a
communication rate of 10 Mb/s,
calculate the total number of bits that
would be sent by each station before
it detects a collision, if both stations
begin to transmit at the same time. a.
25 bits
b. 30 bits
c. 19 bits
d. 41 bits
38. A ______ is a device that is a
source of or a destination for binary
digital data. a. Data terminal
equipment
b. Data transmission equipment
c. Digital terminal encoder
d. Data-circuit terminating equipment
39. An asynchronous communications
system uses ASCII at 9600 bps with
eight bits, one start bit, one stop bit
and no parity bit. Express the data
rate in words per minute. (Assume a
word has five characters and one
space). a. 9600 wpm
b. 57600 wpm
c. 160 wpm
d. 11520 wpm
40. A telephone line has a bandwidth
of 3.2 kHz and a signal-to-noise ratio
of 34 dB. A signal is transmitted down
this line using a four-level code. What
is the maximum theoretical data
rate ? a. 12.8 kbps
b. 6.4 kbps
c. 36.144 kbps
d. 18.072 kbps
41. For a binary phase shift keying
(BPSK) modulation with a carrier
frequency of 80 MHz and an input bit
rate of 10 Mbps. Determine the
minimum Nyquist bandwidth. a. 40
MHz
b. 10 MHz
c. 20 MHz
d. 50 MHz
42. The EIA standard specified in the
EIA-232 standard is ______ volts. a.
Greater than -15
b. Less than -15
c. Between -3 and -15
d. Between 3 and 15
43. For a quaternary phase shift
keying (QPSK) modulation, data with a
carrier frequency of 70 MHz, and input
bit rate of 10 Mbps, determine the
minimum Nyquist bandwidth. a. 10
MHz
b. 5 MHz
c. 20 MHz
d. 40 MHz
44. 12 voice channels are sampled at
8000 sampling rate and encoded into
8-bit PCM word. Determine the rate of
the data stream. a. 768 kbps

b. 12 kbps
c. 12.8 kbps
d. 46.08 kbps
45. The encoding method specified in
the EIA-232 standard is _________. a.
NRZ-I
b. NRZ-L
c. Manchester
d. Differential Manchester
46. A binary digital signal is to be
transmitted at 10 Kbits/s , what
absolute minimum bandwidth is
required to pass the fastest
information change undistorted? a. 5
kHz
b. 10 kHz
c. 20 kHz
d. 2.5 kHz
497. A coherent binary phase shift
keyed (BPSK) transmitter operates at
a bit rate of Mbps with a carrier to
noise ratio C/N of 8.8 dB. Find Eb/No.
a. 8.8 dB
b. 16.16 dB
c. 21.81 dB
d. 18.8 dB
48. The EIA-RS-232 interface has
_______ pins. a. 20
b. 36
c. 25
d. 19
49. The EIA-RS-232 standard defines
_________ characteristics of the DTEDCE interface. a. Mechanical
b. Electrical
c. Function
d. All of the above
50. For sample rate of 30 kHz in a PCM
system, determine the maximum
analog input frequency . a. 30 kHz
b. 15 kHz
c. 60 kHz
d. 45 kHz.
51. Two-state (binary)
communications systems are better
because a. They can interface directly
with the analog telephone network
b. The components are simpler, less
costly, and more reliable
c. People think better in binary
d. Interstate calls are less costly
52. Codes are always a. Eight bits per
character
b. Either seven or eight bits per
character
c. Agreed upon in advance between
sender receiver
d. The same in all modern computers
53. DCE and DTE a. Means digital
communications equipment and
digital termination equipment
b. Are connected by either two or four
wires
c. Refer to the modem and the
computer or terminal, respectively
d. Any one of the above
54. The correctness and the accuracy
of the transmitted message content is
a. Verified by the modem
b. Determined by the sender and
receiver, not by the communications
system
c. Ensured by use of digital techniques
d. None of the above
55. Serial printers a. Are used to
transmit grain prices

b. Are faster than CRT terminals, and

offer more flexibility
c. Print one character at a time
d. Usually use serial interfaces
56. Ergonomics a. Involves the
interface between people and
machines, such as terminals
b. Is the application of ergo-economics
to communications
c. Utilizes three-level ergo-coding for
transmission over certain channels
d. All of the above
57. Serial and parallel transmission a.
Differ in how many bits are transferred
per character
b. Are used in synchronous and
asynchronous systems, respectively
c. Both a and b
d. Differ in whether the bits are on
separate wires or on one
58. Asynchronous transmission a. Is
less efficient than synchronous, but
simpler
b. Is much faster than synchronous
transmission
c. Is another name for isochronous
transmission
59. The amount of uncertainty in a
system of symbols is also called a.
Bandwidth
b. Loss
c. Entropy
d. Quantum
60. Redundancy measures a.
Transmission rate of a system
b. How likely symbols are to be
repeated
c. Time between failures
d. System cost
61. Loading refers to the addition of a.
Resistors
b. Capacitors
c. Bullets
d. Inductance
62. Transmission of binary signals
requires a. Less bandwidth than
analog
b. More bandwidth than analog
c. The same bandwidth as analog
d. Cannot be compared with the
transmission of analog signals
63. RS-232, RS-449, RS-530, V.24, and
X.21 are examples of a. Standard for
various types of transmission
channels
b. Standard for interfaces between
terminal and modems
c. Standards for between modems and
transmission facilities
d. Standards for end-to-end
performance of data communications
system
64. What is one principal difference
between synchronous and
asynchronous transmission? a. The
bandwidth required is different
b. The pulse heights are different
c. The clocking is mixed with the data
in asynchronous
d. The clocking is derived from the
data in synchronous transmission
65. Synchronous modems cost more
than asynchronous modems because
a. They are larger
b. They must contain clock recovery
circuits
c. The production volume is larger

d. They must operate on a larger

bandwidth
66. The scrambler in a synchronous
modem is in the a. Control section
b. Receiver section
c. Transmitter section
d. Terminal section
67. Binary codes are sometimes
transformed in modems into a.
Hexadecimal
b. Huffman codes
c. Gray code
d. Complementary codes
68. The digital-to-analog converter in
a synchronous modem sends signals
to the a. Modulator
b. Transmission line
c. Terminal
d. Equalizer
69. The transmission signal coding
method for T1 carrier is called a.
Binary
b. NRZ
c. Bipolar
d. Manchester
70. The receiver equalizer in a
synchronous modem is called a. A
compromise equalizer
b. A statistical equalizer
c. An adaptive equalizer
d. An impairment equalizer
71. Communications protocols always
have a a. Set of symbols
b. Start of header
c. Special flag symbol
d. BCC
72. The Baudot code uses how many
bits per symbol? a. 9
b. 7
c. 5
d. 8
73. How many messages may be
acknowledged on a BiSync link? a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 8
74. Which code set is used to BiSync
when using VRC/LRC but not operating
in transparency mode a. EBCDIC
b. ASCII
c. SBT
d. Fieldata
75. One primary difference between
Digital Data Communications Message
Protocol (DDCMP) and Synchronous
Data Link Control (SDLC) is a. DDCMP
does not have a transparent mode
b. SDLC does not use a CRC
c. DDCMP has a message header
d. DDCMP does not require special
hardware to find the beginning of a
message
76. Which of the following
transmission systems provides the
highest data rate to an individual
device? a. Voiceband modem
b. Local area network
c. Computer bus
d. Digital PBX
77. Which of the following systems
provides the longest digital
transmission distances? a. Voiceband
modem
b. Local area network
c. Computer bus
d. Digital PBX

78. Which of the following is a

characteristic of a LAN? a. Parallel
transmission
b. Unlimited expansion
c. Low cost access for low bandwidth
channels
d. Application independent interfaces
79. Which of the following
transmission media is not readily
suitable to CSMA operation? a. Radio
b. Optical fibers
c. Coaxial cable
d. Twisted pair
80. Which of the following functions is
not provided as part of the basic
Ethernet design? a. Access control
b. Addressing
c. Automatic retransmission of a
message
d. Multiple virtual networks
81. Which of the following is not a
useful property of a Manchester line
code for an Ethernet? a. Continuous
energy
b. Continuous clock transmissions
c. No dc component
d. No signal change at a 1 to 0
transition
82. Which of the following data
communications functions is generally
provided for in a LAN? a. Data link
control
b. Applications processing
c. Flow control
d. Routing
83. The purpose of a preamble in an
Ethernet is a. Clock synchronization
b. Error checking
c. Collision avoidance
d. Broadcast
84. Which of the following is possible
in a token-passing bus network? a.
Unlimited number of stations
b. Unlimited distances
c. Multiple time division channels
d. In-service expansion
85. Which of the following is not
possible in a token-passing loop
network? a. Unlimited number of
stations
b. Unlimited distances
c. Multiple time division channels
d. In-service expansion
86. Which of the following LAN
architectures can be expanded to the
greatest total system bandwidth? a.
Digital PBX
b. CSMA/CD baseband system
c. Token-passing network
d. Broadband cable system
87. Which of the following systems is
the most capable of servicing a wide
range of applications? a. Digital PBX
b. CSMA/CD baseband system
c. Token-passing network
d. Broadband cable system
88. Which of the following cannot be
provided in a broadband LAN? a.
Frequency agile modems
b. Closed-circuit TV
c. Voice circuits
d. Fiber optics transmission
89. Which of the following is not
possible in a digital PBX using twisted
pair transmission? a. Computer port
concentration
b. 64-kbps data circuits

c. High-speed file transfers

d. Transmission up to several
thousand feet
90. Which of the following is not a
motivation in digitizing a voice signal
in the telephones of a digital PBX? a.
Simplified control signalling
b. Lower cost telephones
c. Fewer wire pairs
d. Multiplexed voice and data
channels
91. The electrical state of the control
leads in a serial interface is a concern
of a. The physical layer protocol
b. The data link-layer protocol
c. The network-layer protocol
d. None of the above
92. The X.25 standard specifies a a.
Technique for dial access
b. Technique for start-stop data
c. Data bit rate
d. DTE/DCE interface
93. The X.25 standard is a. Required
for all packet switching networks
b. A recommendation of the CCITT
c. A complete description of a public
data network
d. Used by all packet terminals
94. A protocol is a set of rules
governing a time sequence of events
that must take place a. Between peers
b. Between nonpeers
c. Across an interface
d. None of the above
95. The X.25 standard for packet
networks is analogous to a. PBX
standards for a telephone network
b. Handset standards for a telephone
c. Local loop standards for a telephone
network
d. Switching standards for a telephone
network
96. The OSI reference model defines
the functions for seven layers of
protocols a. Including the user and
communications medium
b. Not including the user or
communications medium
c. Including the communications
medium but not the user
d. Including the user but not the
communications medium
97. The X.25 standard covers how
many OSI layers? a. Three
b. Four
c. Seven
d. None
98. A data packet is a packet header
together with a. A network layer
b. An administrative layer
c. User data
d. A packet switch
99. The X.25 standard specifies how
many separate protocol layers at the
serial interface gateway? a. 8
b. 2
c. 4
d. 3
100. In X.25 network layer protocol,
the data packets normally contain a.
One octet of header plus data
b. Two octets of header plus data
c. Three octets of header plus data
d. Four octets of header plus data 101.
It is defined as knowledge or
intelligence that is communicated
between two or more points. a. Carrier

b. Sideband
c. Information
d. Broadband
102. What is the category of data
transmission if the binary pulse is
maintained for the entire bit time? a.
Return to zero
b. Bipolar
c. Unipolar
d. Non return to zero
103. Which medium is the most widely
used in LANs? a. Twin Lead
b. Fiber optic cable
c. Twisted Pair
d. Coax
104. These are used for transmission
of PCM encoded time division
multiplexed digital signal. a. I carriers
b. E carriers
c. A carriers
d. T carriers
105. Which of the following is not a
typical FDM application? a. Telemetry
b. Stereo broadcasting
c. Telephone
d. Secure communications
106. A LAN device that is used to
interconnect two networks that use
different protocols and formats. a.
Gateways
b. Routers
c. Bridges
d. Hubs
107. A pulse modulation technique as
the width of a constant amplitude
pulse is varied proportional to the
amplitude of the analog signal at the
time the signal is sampled. a. Pulse
Width Modulation
b. Pulse Length Modulation
c. Pulse Duration Modulation
d. All of these
108. The FDM telephone systems
accommodate many channels by a.
Increasing the multiplexer size
b. Using many final carriers
c. Narrowing the bandwidth of each
d. Using multiple levels of multiplexing
109. It is the transmittal of digitally
modulated analog signals (carrier)
between two or more points in a
communications system. a. Digital
modulation
b. Digital transmission
c. Data communications
d. Pulse modulation
110. Indicate which of the following
systems is digital. a. Pulse-position
modulation
b. Pulse-code modulation
c. Pulsewidth modulation
d. Pulse-frequency modulation
111. Classification of protocol that
interprets a frame of data as a group
of successive bit combined into
predetermined pattern of fixed length,
usually 8 bits each. a. Characteroriented protocols
b. Byte-oriented protocols
c. Bit-oriented protocols
d. Character and Byte-oriented
protocols
112. Dividing the data block by a
constant produces a remainder that is
used for error detection. It is called
the a. Vertical redundancy check
b. Horizontal redundancy check

c. Block check character

d. Cyclic redundancy check
113. Which of the following is not a
benefit of spread spectrum? a. Jam
proof
b. Security
c. Immunity of fading
d. Noise proof
114. Converting analog signals to
digital is done by sampling and
___________. a. Quantizing
b. Companding
c. Pre emphasis
d. Mixing
115. It is a process of converting an
infinite number of possibilities to a
finite number of conditions. a.
Sampling
b. Coding
c. Quantization
d. Aliasing
116. In T1, it is equal to the reciprocal
of the sample rate a. Slot Time
b. Transmission time
c. Frame time
d. Bit rate
117. What is the final output of a
multiplexer? a. Baseband
b. Composite baseband
c. Information
d. Composite carrier
118. The baud rate a. is always equal
to the bit transfer rate
b. is equal to twice the bandwidth of
an ideal channel
c. is not equal to the signaling rate
d. is equal to one half the bandwidth
of an ideal channel
119. Bit errors in data transmission
are usually caused by a. equipment
failures
b. typing mistakes
c. noise
d. poor S/N ratio at receiver
120. A digital modulation technique
which is a form of constant
amplitude angle modulation similar to
standard frequency modulation except
the modulating signal is binary signal
that varies between two discreet
voltage levels. a. QAM
b. ASK
c. PSK
d. FSK
121. Start and stop bits, respectively,
are a. Mark, space
b. Space, mark
c. Space, space
d. Mark, mark
122. It is the processing of analog
signals using digital methods and
includes band limiting and signals with
filters, amplitude equalization, and
phase shifting a. Digital
communications
b. Digital Signal Processing
c. Data communications
d. Carrier recovery method
123. It is a network access method
used primarily with LANs configured in
a ring topology using either baseband
or broadband transmission formats a.
Ethernet
b. Token passing
c. Token ring
d. Token bus

124. A small telephone switching

system that can be used as a LAN is
called a. Ring
b. WAN
c. UART
d. PBX
125. The most common method used
for sampling voice signals in PCM
systems a. unnatural sampling
b. flat top sampling
c. natural sampling
d. free sampling
126. In PCM, it converts the PAM
sampled to parallel PCM codes a.
Analog-to-Digital converter
b. Digital-to-analog converter
c. Pre-emphasis circuit
d. Compander
127. The OSI layer that provides the
control functions necessary to
establish, manage and terminated the
connections as required to satisfy the
user request. a. Application layer
b. Network layer
c. Session layer
d. Physical layer
128. In PAM demultiplexing, the
receiver clock is derived from a.
standard radio station WWV
b. a highly accurate internal oscillator
c. the PAM signal itself
d. the 60 Hertz power line
129. It is also known as digital
modulation a. Digital transmission
b. Digital sampling
c. Digital radio
d. Data transmission
130. Time division multiplex a. can
be used with PCM only
b. combines five groups into
supergroup
c. stacks 24 channels in adjacent
frequency slots
d. interleaves pulses belonging to
different transmissions
131. It is a numerical indication of how
efficiently a PCM code is utilized a.
Coding efficiency
b. Companding
c. Pre-emphasis
d. Dynamic Range
132. Type of PCM which is designed to
take advantage of the sample-tosample redundancies in the typical
speech waveform a. Single bit PCM
code
b. Pulse Code Modulation
c. Differential PCM
d. Delta modulation
133. The Basic Rate Interface (BRI) of
ISDN has a total bit rate of _____. a.
192 kbps
b. 148 kbps
c. 64 kbps
d. 1.544 Mbps
134. A form of angle modulated,
constant amplitude digital modulation
similar to conventional phase
modulation except its input is binary
digital signal and there are limited
numbers of output phase possible. a.
ASK
b. PSK
c. FSK
d. QAM
135. The main circuit in a PSN
generator is ____. a. XOR

b. Multiplexer
c. Shift register
d. Mixer
136. The circuit that performs
demultiplexing in an FDM system is
_____. a. Op - Amp
b. Bandpass filter
c. Discriminator
d. Subcarrier oscillator
137. __________ defines how a user
gets control of the channel so as to
allow transmission. a. channel access
b. collision detection
c. collision avoidance
d. carrier sense
138. The fastest LAN topology is the a.
ring
b. bus
c. star
d. square
139. It is a the symmetrical
expectation of the bit error rate in the
system a. probability of errors
b. error detection
c. error control
d. bit error rate
140. It is simply the data rate at which
serial PCM bits are clocked out of the
PCM encoder onto the transmission
line. a. line speed
b. baud rate
c. output rate
d. bit rate
141. A quantizing is _______. a.
Multiplexer
b. Demultiplexer
c. A/D converter
d. D/A converter
142. Refers to the rate of change of a
signal on a transmission medium after
encoding and modulation have
occurred a. baud rate
b. phase shift
c. bit rate
d. frequency deviation
143. The magnitude difference
between adjacent steps in
quantization is called __________. a.
Quantum
b. Step size
c. Resolution
d. Any of these
144. It is a set of rules implementing
and governing an orderly exchange of
data between layers of two devices,
such as line control units and front
end processors. a. Data Link Protocol
b. Network Protocol
c. Point to Point Protocol
d. File Transfer Protocol
145. A signaling system in which each
letter of the alphabet is represented
by a different symbol is not used
because a. it would be too difficult for
an operator to memorize
b. it is redundant
c. noise would introduce too many
errors
d. too many pulses per letter are
required
146. A modulation process that
involves conversion of a waveform
from analog to digital form by means
of coding. a. PDM
b. PCM
c. PLM
d. PAM

147. What is the bandwidth required

to transmit at a rate of 10 Mbps in the
presence of a 28-bd S/N ratio? a.
1.075 MHz
b. 10 MHz
c. 5 MHz
d. 10.5 MHz
148. The slope of the analog signal is
greater than the delta modulator can
maintain a. overload distortion
b. granular noise
c. slope overload
d. peak limiting
149. A scheme in which several
channels are interleaved and then
transmitted together is known as a.
Frequency division multiplex
b. Time division multiplex
c. a group
d. a supergroup
150. The best frequency demodulator
is the a. PLL discriminator
b. Pulse-averaging discriminator
c. Foster-Seeley discriminator
d. Radio detector
151. What property distinguishes
digital radio systems from
conventional analog communications
system? a. the type of carrier used in
the transmission of data
b. the nature of the modulating signal
c. the type of modulation of data to be
used
d. the nature of the transmitter and
receiver to be used
152. The circuit switch is a _______
switch. a. See through
b. Transparent
c. Vague
d. Opaque
153. A carrier recovery is needed with
a. FSK
b. BPSK
c. DPSK
d. QAM
154. The Hartley Shannon theorem
sets a limit on the a. highest
frequency that may be sent over a
given channel
b. maximum capacity of a channel
with a given noise level
c. maximum number of coding levels
in a channel with a given noise level
d. maximum number of quantizing
levels in a channel of a given
bandwidth
155. The phase relationship between
signaling elements for BPSK is the
optimum signaling format and occurs
only when two binary signal levels are
allowed and when one signal is the
exact negative of the other. a.
Antipodal signaling
b. Carrier recovery
c. Squaring loop
d. Phase referencing
156. Pulse amplitude modulation
signals are multiplexed by using a.
Subcarrier
b. Bandpass filters
c. A/D converters
d. FET switches
157. It is the ratio of the transmission
bit rate to the minimum bandwidth
required for a particular modulation
scheme. a. Bandwidth efficiency
b. Spectral efficiency

c. Information density
d. All of these
158. Ethernet is baseband
transmission system designed by
_____. a. Thomas Murray and Robert
Metcalfe
b. David Boggs and Thomas Murray
c. Thomas Murray and Emile Baudot
d. Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs
159. It is a system where the digital
signals are placed directly on the
coaxial cable. a. Broadband
b. Baseband
c. CSMA/CD
d. Token ring
160. A basic group B a. Occupies the
frequency range from 60 to 108 kHz
b. Consists of erect channels only
c. Is formed at the group translating
equipment
d. Consists of 5 supergroups
161. Which of the following is not
primarily type of data
communications? a. a telephone
b. teletype
c. telegraph
d. CW
162. Packets which is self contained
and travels through the network
independent of other packets of the
same message by whatever means
available. a. Packet
b. Frame
c. Datagram
d. Data
163. Transmitting the data signal
directly over the medium is referred to
as a. baseband
b. broadband
c. ring
d. bus
164. The main reason that serial
transmission is preferred to parallel
transmission is that? a. serial is faster
b. serial requires only a single channel
c. serial requires multiple channels
d. parallel is too expensive
165. Which of the following is not a
LAN? a. PBX system
b. Hospital system
c. Office building system
d. Cable TV system
166. A modulation technique where
data rates in excess of 56 kbps can be
achieved over telephone circuits a.
ASK
b. Trellis Code Modulation
c. GSK
d. Any of these
167. It is how the primary designates
the secondary as the designation of
recipient of data. a. Line turnaround
b. Selection
c. Line control
d. Control Protocol
168. It is the process of compressing
and expanding and is a means of
improving the dynamic range of
communications system. a. Preemphasis
b. Filtering
c. De-emphasis
d. Companding
169. The supergroup pilot is a. applied
to each multiplexing bay
b. used to regulate the gain of
individual repeaters

c. applied at each adjustable equalizer

d. fed in at a GTE
170. The time it takes to transmit one
TDM frame is called _________. a. Slot
time
b. Frame time
c. Transmission time
d. Any of these
171. It is the thermal noise power
normalized to 1-Hz bandwidth a.
power density ratio
b. thermal noise
c. noise power density
d. ambient temperature noise
172. It is the procedure used to decide
which device has the permission to
transmit at any given time a. Flow
control
b. Sequence control
c. Line control
d. Framing
173. Any rounded off errors in the
transmitted signal are reproduced
when the code is converted back to
analog in the receiver. a. Aperture
error
b. Quantization error
c. Aperture distortion
d. Slope overload
174. The biggest disadvantage of PCM
is a. its inability to handle analog
signals
b. the high error rate which is
quantizing noise introduces
c. its incompatibility with TDM
d. the large bandwidths that are
required for it
175. T1 stands for a. Transmission one
b. Telecommunication one
c. Telex one
d. Transmission line one
176. Involves compression in the
transmitter after the input sample has
been converted to a linear PCM code
and then expansion in the receiver
prior to PCM coding. a. analog
companding
b. A law companding
c. Digital companding
d. U law companding
177. Mark and space refer
respectively to a. dot and dash
b. message and interval
c. binary 1 and binary 0
d. on and off
178. Variation of biphase that is used
for encoding SMPTE time code data
and for recording on video tapes a.
Biphase - M
b. B8Z
c. Manchester
d. UPNRZ
179. Pulse width modulation may be
generated a. by differentiating pulse
position modulation
b. with a monostable multivibrator
c. by integrating the signal
d. with a free running multivibrator
180. The ISDN channel D designates
_____ which contains control
information. a. Data
b. Flow
c. Control
d. Bearer
181. A transmission of binary data
which involves the transmission of two
non zero voltage level a. Unipolar

b. Polar
c. Bipolar
d. Non return to zero
182. Switching systems a. improve the
efficiency of data transfer
b. are not used in data systems
c. require additional lines
d. are limited to small data networks
183. It involves converting standard
logic levels to a form more suitable to
telephone transmission lines a.
Transmission line encoding
b. Physical line encoding
c. Digital line encoding
d. Multiplexing
184. The primary advantage of digital
transmission a. economical
b. reliability
c. noise immunity
d. efficiency
185. Part of the PCM system that
prevents aliasing or foldover distortion
a. Bandpass filter
b. Anti foldover distortion
c. Anti aliasing
d. Any of these
186. It is defined as the process of
transforming messages or signals in
accordance with a definite set of rules.
a. Quantizing
b. Sampling
c. Coding
d. Decoding
187. The PCM code for each channel
occupies a fixed time slot called a.
Frame time
b. Baud
c. Transmission time
d. Epoch
188. The building block of a parity or
BCC generator is _________. a. Shift
register
b. XOR
c. 2 to 4 level converter
d. UART
189. An IC that contains A/D and D/A
converters, companders, and parallelto-serial converters is called a a.
Codec
b. Data converter
c. Multiplexer
d. Modem
190. Data communications refers to
the transmission of a. voice
b. video
c. computer data
d. all of the above
191. The number of amplitude,
frequency, or phase changes that take
place per second is known as the a.
data rate in bits per second
b. frequency of operation
c. speed limit
d. baud rate
192. The basic modulator and
demodulator circuits in PSK are a. PLLs
b. Balanced modulators
c. Shift registers
d. Linear summers
193. What is the result if the input of
ADC is changing while performing
conversion? a. Aperture error
b. Overload distortion
c. Aliasing
d. Aperture distortion
194. Information capacity is
convenient to express as a. baud

b. bits
c. dot length
d. bits per second or bps
195. Which medium is the least
susceptible to noise? a. twin lead
b. fiber optic cable
c. twisted pair
d. coax
196. The RS 232 interface a.
interconnects data sets and the
transmission circuits
b. uses several different connectors
c. permits custom wiring of signal
lines to the connector pins as desired
d. all of the above
197. The ISDN channel B designates
_________. a. Bearer
b. Data
c. Control
d. Flow
198. Data transmission of the
character at a time with start and stop
bits is known as what type of
transmission? a. asynchronous
b. serial
c. synchronous
d. parallel
199. Sampling technique that when
the tops of the sample pulses retain
their natural shape during the sample
interval a. unnatural sampling
b. flat top sampling
c. natural sampling
d. free sampling
200. A modem converts a. Analog
signals to digital
b. Digital signals to analog
c. Digital signals to analog and viceversa
d. None of these 201. It is a large
scale integration chip designed for use
in telecommunication industry for
private branch exchanges, central
office switches, digital handsets and
digital echo suppressors. a. Vocoder
b. Modem
c. Codec
d. Muldem
202. What is the type of mastergroup
used for low capacity microwave
systems? a. A600
b. U600
c. L600
d. L400
203. An FDM hierarchy which is
formed by frequency division
multiplexing five groups containing 12
channels each for a combined
bandwidth of 240 kHz. a. Supergroup
b. Group
c. Mastergroup
d. Jumbogroup
204. The result whenever the
sampling rate is less than twice the
highest audio frequency a. peak
limiting
b. overload distortion
c. alias
d. quantizing noise
205. The most critical and difficult
part of receiving a direct sequence
spread spectrum signal is a.
Frequency synthesis
b. Synchronism
c. PSN code generation
d. Carrier recovery

206. An FDM hierarchy which is

formed by frequency division
multiplexing 10 super groups together
for a combined capacity of 600 voice
band message channels a. Supergroup
b. Group
c. Mastergroup
d. Jumbogroup
207. It is the transmittal of digital
signals between to or more points in a
communication system. a. Digital
transmittal
b. Digital communications
c. Digital radio
d. Data communications
208. It is logically equivalent to
making telephone call through the
DDD network except no direct end-toend connection is made a. Normal call
b. Completed call
c. Logical call
d. Virtual call
209. It is proposed network designed
by major telephone companies in
conjunction with the ITU-T with the
intent of providing worldwide
telecommunications support for voice,
data, video and facsimile information
within the same network a. ISDN
b. Broadband communications
c. ATM
d. Ethernet
210. Full duplex operation a. requires
two pair of cables
b. can transfer data in both directions
at once
c. requires modems at both ends of
the circuit
d. all of these
211. The most widely used data
communications code is a. Morse code
b. ASCII
c. Baudot
d. EBCDIC
212. Ten bit error occurs in two million
transmitted. The bit error rate is a. 2 x
10^-5
b. 5 x 10^-5
c. 5 x 10^-6
d. 2 x 10^-6
213. It is a type of FSK where the
mark and space frequencies are
synchronized with the input binary
rate a. QFSK
b. GFSK
c. CPFSK
d. GSK
214. A form of digital modulation
similar to PSK except the digital
information is contained in both the
amplitude and the phase of the
transmitted carrier. a. ASK
b. FSK
c. QAM
d. PSK
215. For the 16-PSK and a
transmission system with a 10kHz
bandwidth, determine the maximum
bit rate a. 40,000 bps
b. 80,000 bps
c. 20,000 bps
d. 16,000 bps
216. It is an empirical record of a
systems actual bit error performance.
a. probability of error
b. error detection
c. error control

d. bit error rate

217. It is a function of the carrier-tonoise power ratio and the number of
possible encoding conditions used a.
probability of error
b. error detection
c. error control
d. bit error rate
218. It is used to compare two or more
digital modulation systems that use
different transmission rates,
modulation scheme or encoding
techniques a. Energy per b it-to-noise
power density ratio
b. Noise power density
c. Power density ratio
d. Carrier-to-noise ratio
219. Indicate which of the following is
not a binary code a. Morse
b. Baudot
c. CCITT-2
d. ARQ
220. To permit the selection of 1 out of
16 equiprobable events, the number
of bits required is a. 2
b. log 16 base 10
c. 8
d. 4
221. The type of modulation most
often used with direct-sequence
spread spectrum is a. QAM
b. SSB
c. FSK
d. PSK
222. Indicate the false statement. In
order to combat noise, a. the channel
bandwidth may be increased
b. redundancy may be used
c. the transmitted power may be
increased
d. the signaling rate may be reduced
223. Which of the following is not
commonly used method of error
detection? a. Parity
b. BCC
c. CRC
d. redundancy
224. Quantizing noise occurs in a.
time-division multiplex
b. frequency-division multiplex
c. pulse-code modulation
d. pulse-width modulation
225. In order to reduce quantizing
noise, one must a. increase the
number of standard amplitudes
b. send pulses whose sides are more
nearly vertical
c. use an RF amplifier at the receiver
d. increase the number of samples per
second
226. Companding is used a. to
overcome quantizing noise in PCM
b. in PCM transmitters, to allow
amplitude limiting in the receiver
c. to protect small signals in PCM form
quantizing distortion
d. in PCM receivers, to overcome
impulse noise
227. Transmitting data as serial binary
word is called _______. a. digital
communications
b. quantizing
c. PAM
d. PCM
228. Emphasizing low-level signals
and compressing higher level signals
is called a. quantizing

b. companding
c. pre-emphasis
d. sampling
229. Which circuit is most common to
both frequency-hopping and directsequence spread spectrum
transmitters? a. correlator
b. frequency synthesizer
c. PSN code generator
d. Sweep generator
230. One of the most important
aspect of any communication system
because it is costly and limited a.
bandwidth
b. equipments
c. time
d. personnel
231. It consist essentially of sampling
analog information signals and then
converting those samples into discreet
pulses of transporting the pulses from
the source to destination over a
physical transmission medium a. Pulse
modulation
b. Amplitude modulation
c. Frequency modulation
d. Digital modulation
232. He is credited with inventing PCM
in 1937 a. N. S. Kapany
b. A. H. Reeves
c. E. H. Alpine
d. A. C. S. Van Heel
233. Data communications uses a.
Analog methods
b. Digital methods
c. All of these
d. None of these
234. An integrated circuit that
performs the PCM encoding and
decoding functions a. Codec
b. Modem
c. Muldem
d. Digital-to-analog converter
235. A synchronous transmission
usually begins with which character?
a. SYN
b. STX
c. SOH
d. ETB
236. A theory that establishes the
minimum sampling rate that can be
used for a given PCM systems a.
Nyquist sampling theorem
b. Nyquist minimum bandwidth
c. Nyquist minimum bandwidth
d. Any of these
237. Sixteen different levels (symbols)
are used to encode binary data. The
channel bandwidth is 36 MHz. The
maximum channel capacity is a. 18
Mbps
b. 72 Mbps
c. 288 Mbps
d. 2.176 Gbps
238. Assigning PCM codes to absolute
magnitudes a. Coding
b. Quantizing
c. Sampling
d. Any of these
239. A popular PC protocol is a. Parity
b. Xmodem
c. CRC
d. LRC
240. It is the ratio of the largest
possible magnitude to the smallest
possible magnitude that can be
decoded by the digital-to-analog

converter in the receiver a. Coding

efficiency
b. Companding
c. Pre-emphasis
d. Dynamic range
241. Devices used for digitizing
speech signals only a. codec
b. muldem
c. vocoders
d. modem
242. What is the minimum bandwidth
required to transmit a 56 kbps binary
signal with no noise? a. 14 kHz
b. 56 kHz
c. 28 kHz
d. 112 kHz
243. Type of PCM that uses single-bit
PCM code to achieve digital
transmission of analog signals a.
Adaptive delta modulation
b. Pulse code modulation
c. Differential modulation
d. Delta modulation
244. It is a delta modulation system
where the step size of the digital-toanalog converter is automatically
varied, depending on the analog input
signal. a. Adaptive Delta Modulation
b. PCM
c. Differential modulation
d. Delta modulation
245. A QAM modulator does not use
____. a. XNOR
b. Bit Splitter
c. Balanced modulator
d. 2-to-4 level converter
246. It is a form of phase-division
multiplexing where two data channels
modulate the same carrier frequency
that is shifted 90 degrees in phase. a.
PSK
b. FSK
c. QAM
d. ASK
247. One eight-bit PCM code is called
______. a. FDM frame
b. TDM time slot
c. TDM frame
d. FDM time slot
248. It is communications system that
uses digital pulse rather than analog
signals to encode information a.
Digital carrier system
b. Digital baseband system
c. Digital service system
d. Digital broadband system
249. A special device that upgrades
signals from one level to a higher level
of the hierarchy in multiplexing a.
Muldem
b. Vocoder
c. Modem
d. Codec
250. A transmission of binary data
which involves the transmission of
only a single non-zero voltage level. a.
Unipolar
b. Bipolar
c. Polar
d. Non-return to zero 251. If the active
time of the binary pulse is less than
100% of the bit time A. Non return to
zero
B. Bipolar
C. Unipolar
D. Return to zero

252. It is a popular type of line

encoding that produces a strong
timing component for clock recovery
and does not cause wandering A.
Digital biphase
B. diphase
C. Manchester code
D. Any of these
253. Statistical TDMs are also called A.
Intelligent TDMs
B. Asynchronous TDM
C. Stat mux
D. Any of these
254. A chip that combines the codec
and filter functions in the same LSI
chip A. Monolithic
B. Combo chip
C. Film IC
D. Hybrid chip
255. It is the basic building block of
FDM hierarchy A. Character channel
B. Broadband channel
C. Message channel
D. Information capacity
256. It is the next higher level in the
FDM hierarchy above the basic
message channel and consequently is
the first multiplexing step for
combining message channels A.
Supergroup
B. Group
C. Mastergroup
D. Jumbogroup
257. It is the modulating signal in a
communications system A. Broadband
B. Baseband
C. Carrier
D. Any of these
258. What type of mastergroup that
can be further multiplexed and used
for higher-capacity microwave radio
systems? A. A600
B. U600
C. L600
D. L400
259. It is essentially the same with
FDM, where several signals are
transmitted using different carriers,
occupying non-overlapping bands of
frequency and wavelengths. A. Time
division multiplexing
B. Wave division multiplexing
C. Space division multiplexing
D. Frequency division multiplexing
260. In order to separate channels in
the TDM receiver, it is necessary to
use A. AND gates
B. bandpass filters
C. differentiation
D. integration
261. To separate channels in an FDM
receiver, it is necessary to use A. AND
gates
B. bandpass filters
C. differentiation
D. integration
262. In FDM, multiple signals A.
transmit at different times
B. share a common bandwidth
C. use multiple channels
D. modulate one another
263. Frequency modulation in FDM
usually accomplished with a A.
reactance modulator
B. varactor
C. VCO
D. PLL

264. Which of the following is not a

common LAN medium? A. twin lead
B. twisted pair
C. fiber-optic cable
D. coax
265. A mainframe computer
connected to multiple terminals and
PCs usually uses which configuration?
A. bus
B. ring
C. star
D. tree
266. How many voice channels are
there in supermaster group? A. 300
B. 900
C. 3600
D. 10800
267. In a PAM/TDM system, keeping
the multiplexer and DEMUX channels
step with one another is done by a A.
clock recovery circuit
B. sync pulse
C. sampling
D. sequencer
268. It is the process of volume
compression before transmission and
expansion after detection. A. preemphasis
B. de-emphasis
C. coding
D. companding
269. Which of the following is correct?
A. The bit rate may be greater than
the baud rate
B. The baud rate may be greater than
the bit rate
C. The bit and baud rate are always
the same
D. The bit and baud rates are not
related
270. Function of data link protocol that
coordinates the rate at which data are
transported over a link and generally
provides an acknowledgement
mechanism that ensures that data are
received in the destination. A. Flow
control
B. Line discipline
C. Polling
D. Selection
271. A classification of protocol, which
is a discipline for a serial-by-bit
information transfer over data
communications channel. A. Message
oriented
B. Bit-oriented protocol
C. Clock oriented protocol
D. Asynchronous protocol
272. A LAN device that interconnects
two or more device running identical
internetwork protocols. A. Bridges
B. Gateways
C. Switches
D. Routers
273. The magnitude of a quantum in
quantization of PCM codes. A.
Maximum decodable voltage
B. Dynamic range
C. Resolution
D. Coding level
274. It comprises of either a single
L600 mastergroup or up to three U600
mastergroups A. Message channel
B. Radio channel
C. Baseband channel
D. Wide channel

275. It is a multiplexing system similar

to conventional time-division
multiplexing except that it was
developed to be used with optical
fibers A. SONET
B. Frame relay
C. ATM
D. X.25
276. Higher order TDM levels are
obtained by A. dividing pulse widths
B. using the a-law
C. using u-law
D. forming supermastergroups
277. Results when the sample
exceeds the highest quantization
interval A. Overload distortion
B. Quantization error
C. Quantization noise
D. Granular noise
278. The event which marked the
start of the modern computer age was
A. design of the ENIAC computer
B. development of Hollerith code
C. development of the transistor
D. development of disk drives for data
storage
279. A forward error correcting code
corrects errors by A. requiring partial
transmission of the entire signal
B. requiring retransmission of the
entire signal
C. requiring no part of the signal to be
transmitted
D. using parity to correct the errors in
all cases
280. The carrier used with a BPSK
demodulator is A. Generated by an
oscillator
B. The BPSK signal itself
C. Twice the frequency of the
transmitted carrier
D. Recovered from the BPSK signal
281. Digital signals A. do not provide a
continuous set of values
B. represent values as discrete steps
C. can utilize decimal or binary
systems
D. all of these
282. Each signal in an FDM signal A.
modulates the main carrier
B. modulates the final carrier
C. is mixed with all the others before
modulation
D. serves as a subcarrier
283. In digital modulation, if the
information signal is digital and the
amplitude of the carrier is varied
proportional to the information signal.
A. Quaternary Shift Keying (QAM)
B. Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
C. Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
D. Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
284. Slow speed modems A. FSK
B. BPSK
C. QPSK
D. QAM
285. The data rate for IEEE 802.11b is
_____. A. 10 Mbps
B. 1.544 Mbps
C. 2.048 Mbps
D. 11 Mbps
286. Type of analog companding used
in the United States and Japan A. logPCM companding
B. A-law companding
C. u-law companding
D. any of these

287. A rule of procedure that defines

how data is to be transmitted is called
A. handshake
B. error-detection
C. data specifications
D. protocol
288. A longitudinal redundancy check
produces A. block check character
B. parity bit
C. CRC
D. error correction
289. Multiplexing is the process of A.
Several signal sources transmitting
simultaneously to a receiver on
common frequency
B. Sending the same signal over
multiple channels to multiple
destinations
C. Transmitting multiple signals over
multiple channels
D. Sending multiple signals
simultaneously over a single channel
290. What is the relationship of bit
rate and baud in QPSK and 8-PSK? A.
bit rate is greater than baud
B. bit rate is always less than the baud
C. bit rate is never greater than the
baud
D. bit rate is slightly less than the
baud
291. A common method of achieving
carrier recovery for BPSK A. Trellis
code
B. Bandwidth efficiency
C. Squaring loop
D. Carrier recovery
292. What is the relationship of bit
rate and baud in FSK and PSK? A.
greater than
B. slightly greater than
C. less than
D. equal
293. The modulation used in FDM
telephone system is A. AM
B. FM
C. SSB
D. PSK
294. In digital modulation, a diagram
which is similar to phasor diagram
except that the entire phasor is not
drawn and only the peaks of the
phasor are shown A. constellation
diagram
B. Venn diagram
C. phasor diagram
D. schematic diagram
295. Digital signals may be
transmitted over the telephone
network if A. their speed is low
enough
B. they are converted to analog first
C. they are ac instead of dc
D. they are digital only
296. Most FDM telemetry system use
A. AM
B. FM
C. SSB
D. PSK
297. In TDM, multiple signals A. share
a common bandwidth
B. modulate subcarriers
C. are sampled at high speeds
D. take turns transmitting
298. It is highly theoretical study of
efficient use of bandwidth to
propagate information through

electronic communications system A.

information capacity
B. data communications
C. information theory
D. information technology
299. Another name for parity is A.
Vertical redundancy check
B. Block check character
C. Longitudinal redundancy check
D. Cyclic redundancy check
300. It is the process of gathering data
on some particular phenomenon
without the presence of human
monitors A. Telemetry
B. Telecommand
C. Telecommunications
D. Remote control
301. A convenient technique for
determining the effects of the
degradations introduced into the
pulses as they travel to the
regenerator. A. Standing wave ratio
B. Eye patterns
C. Reflection coefficient
D. Any of these
302. Spread spectrum stations sharing
a band are identified by and
distinguished from one another A. PSN
code
B. Frequency of operation
C. Clock rate
D. Modulation type
303. The ASCII code has A. 4 bits
B. 5 bits
C. 7 bits
D. 8 bits
304. The first file transfer protocol
designed to facilitate transferring data
between two personal computers over
the public switched telephone network
A. X modem protocol
B. Y modem protocol
C. Z modem protocol
D. BLAST
305. For a single-channel PCM system
with a sample rate of 6000 samples
per second and a seven-bit
compressed PCM code, what is the
line speed? A. 21,000 bps
B. 42,000 bps
C. 14,000 bps
D. 12,000 bps
306. It is often used to compare the
performance of one digital modulation
technique to another A. Bandwidth
efficiency
B. Spectral efficiency
C. Information density
D. All of these
307. It is the process of extracting a
phase-coherent reference carrier from
a receiver signal A. Phase referencing
B. Trellis code
C. Squaring loop
D. any of these
308. It is the measure of how much
information can be propagated
through a communication system and
is a function of a bandwidth of the
transmission line A. information theory
B. information capacity
C. information technology
D. digital communications
309. In delta modulation, the
modulator is sometimes called _____.
A. continuous ADC
B. tracking ADC

C. variable slope ADC

D. slope ADC
310. The code which provides for
parity checks is A. Baudot
B. ASCII
C. CCITT-2
D. EBCDIC
311. Form of multiplexing that
constitutes propagating signals from
different cables that sre contained
within the same trench A. Wavelength
division multiplexing
B. Wave division multiplexing
C. Space division multiplexing
D. Frequency division multiplexing
312. For an 8-PSK system, operating
with an information bit rate of 24
kbps, determine the bandwidth
efficiency A. 8 bits/cycle
B. 2 bits/cycle
C. 3 bits/cycle
D. 4 bits/cycle
313. Element of a PCM system that
periodically samples the analog input
signal and converts those samples to
a multilevel PAM signal A. Bandpass
filter
B. Sample-and-hold circuit
C. Analog-to-digital converter
D. Digital-to-analog converter
314. It is the ratio of the average
carrier power to the thermal noise
power A. Signal-to-noise ratio
B. Noise figure
C. Noise factor
D. Carrier-to-noise ratio
315. A form of switching which is hold
and forward A. Packet switching
B. Message switching
C. Circuit switching
D. Digital switching
316. It can be used to categorize the
type of transmission A. Duty cycle
B. Companding
C. Coding efficiency
D. Dynamic range
317. Type of multiplexing where
multiple sources that originally
occupied the same frequency
spectrum are each converted to a
different frequency band and
transmitted simultaneously over a
single transmission medium. A. FDM
B. ATM
C. TDM
D. Spread spectrum
318. It is a solicitation sent from the
primary to a secondary to determine if
the secondary has data to transmit A.
Selection
B. Polling
C. Error control
D. Master control
319. Function of data link control that
specifies the means of detecting and
correcting transmission errors A. Error
control
B. Selection
C. Protocol
D. Synchronization
320. The Hartley law states that A. the
maximum rate of information
transmission depends on the channel
bandwidth
B. the maximum rate of information
depends on the depth of modulation
C. redundancy is essential

D. only binary codes may be used

321. It represents the number of
independent symbols that can be
carried through a system in a given
unit of time. A. information theory
B. information capacity
C. information technology
D. digital communications
322. The Shannon-Hartley law A.
refers to distortion
B. defines the bandwidth
C. describes signaling rates
D. refers to noise
323. The most basic digital symbol
used to represent information A. bit
B. baud
C. bits per second
D. any of these
324. Function of data link protocol that
coordinates hop-to-hop data delivery
where a hop maybe a computer, a
network controller or a networkconnecting device such as router. A.
Flow control
B. Error control
C. Line discipline
D. Selection
325. Quadrature amplitude
modulation is A. Amplitude modulation
only
B. QPSK only
C. AM plus QPSK
D. AM plus FSK
326. The most common modulation
system used for telegraphy is A.
frequency-shift keying
B. two-tone modulation
C. pulse-code modulation
D. single-tone modulation
327. It is used to encode the minimum
amount of speech information
necessary to reproduce a perceptible
message with a fewer bits that those
needed by a conventional
encoder/decoder A. codec
B. muldem
C. vocoders
D. modem
328. It is the transmission of
information in any form from one
source to one or more destination A.
Modulation
B. Multiplexing
C. Encoding
D. Decoding
329. A form of switching which is
stored and forward A. Packet switching
B. Message switching
C. Circuit switching
D. Digital switching
330. In digital modulation, it is similar
to standard amplitude modulation
except there is only two amplitudes
possible A. frequency shift keying
B. quaternary amplitude modulation
C. amplitude shift keying
D. phase shift keying
331. The technique of using
modulation and FDM to transmit
multiple data channels of a common
medium is known as A. baseband
B. broadband
C. ring
D. bus
332. Which of the following is not a
benefit of companding A. minimizes
noise

B. minimizes number of bits

C. minimizes quantizing error
D. minimizes signal bandwidth
333. Transmissions from multiple
sources occur in the same facility but
not at the same time A. Time Division
Multiplexing
B. Frequency Division Multiplexing
C. Wave Division Multiplexing
D. Space Division Multiplexing
334. A 9600-baud rate signal can pass
over the voice grade telephone line if
which kind of modulation is used? A.
BPSK
B. QPSK
C. DPSK
D. QAM
335. Indicate which of the following
pulse modulation systems is analog A.
PCM
B. PWM
C. Differential PCM
D. Delta
336. The modulation system
inherently most noise-resistant is A.
SSB, suppressed carrier
B. frequency modulation
C. pulse-position modulation
D. pulse-code modulation
337. It is simply the number of bits
transmitted during one second and
expressed in bits per second A. baud
B. bits
C. bit rate
D. pulse repetition rate
338. It is the most prevalent encoding
technique used for TDM signals A. PAM
B. PLM
C. PPM
D. PCM
339. The characters making up the
message in a synchronous
transmission are collectively referred
to as the data A. set
B. sequence
C. block
D. collection
340. A virtual circuit which is logically
equivalent to a two-point dedicated
private-line circuit except slower A.
Switched Virtual Circuit
B. Permanent Virtual Circuit
C. Switched Leased Circuit
D. Permanent Leased Circuit
341. To a conventional narrowband
receiver, a spread spectrum signal
appears to be like A. Noise
B. Fading
C. A jamming signal
D. An intermittent connection
342. It is a low-quality video
transmission for use between nondedicated subscribers A. Digital phone
B. Picturephone
C. Cameraphone
D. Cellphone with camera
343. Pulse code modulation is
preferred to PAM because of its A.
resistance to quantizing error
B. simplicity
C. lower cost
D. superior noise immunity
344. A CRC generator uses which
component? A. balanced modulator
B. shift register
C. binary adder
D. multiplexer

345. A signaling element is sometimes

called A. information
B. data
C. symbol
D. intelligence
346. Which of the following words has
the correct parity bit? Assume odd
parity. The last bit is the parity bit. A.
1111111 1
B. 1100110 1
C. 0011010 1
D. 0000000 0
347. It is a digital interface that
provides the physical connection to
the digital carrier network A. Modem
B. Codec
C. Muldem
D. DSU/CSU
348. It is the only digitally encoded
modulation technique that is
commonly used for digital
transmission A. PAM
B. PCM
C. PLM
D. PPM
349. The most common circuit used
for demodulating binary FSK signals A.
phase locked loop
B. Foster-Seeley discriminator
C. varactor
D. phase shift method
350. A digital modulation technique
also known as on-off keying A. PSK
B. FSK
C. QUAM
D. OOK
ANSWERS
1. Digital-to-analog
2. Digital-to-digital
3. Analog-to-digital
4. Analog-to analog
5. Amplitude
6. ASK
7. 1200 samples/sec
8. 800
9. 13.74 kbps
10. 1200
11. AMI
12. 6
13. B8ZS
14. 3
15. 4 bits/cycle
16. Parallel
17. 2
18. 1
19. Control
20. DB-15
21. A null modem
22. To reduce the error rate
23. Less than
24. V.33
25. Analog
26. 4.77 dB
27. 0.005 V
28. 2 bits/cycle
29. Digital, analog
30. All of the above
31. 48 Mbps, 24 dB
32. Bell 103
33. EIA-RS-232
34. 4000
35. 1.075 MHz
36. 100
37. 25 bits
38. Data terminal equipment
39. 9600 wpm

40. 12.8 kbps

41. 10 MHz
42. Between 3 and 15
43. 5 MHz
44. 768 kbps
45. NRZ-L
46. 5 kHz
47. 8.8 dB
48. 25
49. All of the above
50. 15 kHz
51. The components are simpler, less
costly, and more reliable
52. Agreed upon in advance between
sender receiver
53. Refer to the modem and the
computer or terminal, respectively
54. Determined by the sender and
receiver, not by the communications
system
55. Print one character at a time
56. Involves the interface between
people and machines, such as
terminals
57. Differ in whether the bits are on
separate wires or on one
58. Is less efficient than synchronous,
but simpler
59. Entropy
60. How likely symbols are to be
repeated
61. Inductance
62. More bandwidth than analog
63. Standard for interfaces between
terminal and modems
64. The clocking is derived from the
data in synchronous transmission
65. They must contain clock recovery
circuits
66. Transmitter section
67. Gray code
68. Equalizer
69. Bipolar
70. An adaptive equalizer
71. Set of symbols
72. 5
73. 1
74. ASCII
75. DDCMP does not require special
hardware to find the beginning of a
message
76. Computer bus
77. Voiceband modem
78. Application independent interfaces
79. Optical fibers
80. Automatic retransmission of a
message
81. No signal change at a 1 to 0
transition
82. Data link control
83. Broadcast
84. In-service expansion
85. Unlimited number of stations
86. Digital PBX
87. Digital PBX
88. Fiber optics transmission
89. High-speed file transfers
90. Lower cost telephones
91. The physical layer protocol
92. DTE/DCE interface
93. A recommendation of the CCITT
94. Between peers
95. Local loop standards for a
telephone network
96. Not including the user or
communications medium
97. Three

98. User data

99. 3
100. Three octets of header plus data
101. Information
102. Return to zero
103. Coax
104. T carriers
105. Secure communications
106. Gateways
107. All of these
108. Using multiple levels of
multiplexing
109. Digital modulation
110. Pulse-code modulation
111. Character and Byte-oriented
protocols
112. Cyclic redundancy check
113. Noise proof
114. Quantizing
115. Quantization
116. Frame time
117. Composite baseband
118. is equal to twice the bandwidth
of an ideal channel
119. noise
120. FSK
121. Space, mark
122. Digital Signal Processing
123. Token passing
124. PBX
125. flat top sampling
126. Analog-to-Digital converter
127. Session layer
128. the PAM signal itself
129. Digital radio
130. interleaves pulses belonging to
different transmissions
131. Coding efficiency
132. Differential PCM
133. 192 kbps
134. PSK
135. Shift register
136. Discriminator
137. channel access
138. bus
139. probability of errors
140. line speed
141. A/D converter
142. baud rate
143. Any of these
144. Data Link Protocol
145. noise would introduce too many
errors
146. PCM
147. 1.075 MHz
148. slope overload
149. Time division multiplex
150. PLL discriminator
151. the nature of the modulating
signal
152. Transparent
153. DPSK
154. maximum capacity of a channel
with a given noise level
155. Antipodal signaling
156. FET switches
157. All of these
158. Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs
159. Baseband
160. Occupies the frequency range
from 60 to 108 kHz
161. a telephone
162. Datagram
163. baseband
164. parallel is too expensive
165. Cable TV system
166. Trellis Code Modulation

167. Selection
168. Companding
169. fed in at a GTE
170. Frame time
171. noise power density
172. Line control
173. Quantization error
174. the large bandwidths that are
required for it
175. Transmission one
176. Digital companding
177. binary 1 and binary 0
178. Biphase - M
179. with a monostable multivibrator
180. Data
181. Bipolar
182. improve the efficiency of data
transfer
183. Digital line encoding
184. noise immunity
185. Any of these
186. Coding
187. Epoch
188. XOR
189. Codec
190. computer data
191. baud rate
192. Balanced modulators
193. Aperture distortion
194. bits per second or bps
195. fiber optic cable
196. interconnects data sets and the
transmission circuits
197. Bearer
198. asynchronous
199. natural sampling
200. Digital signals to analog and viceversa
201. Codec
202. L600
203. Supergroup
204. alias
205. Synchronism
206. Mastergroup
207. Digital transmittal
208. Virtual call
209. ISDN
210. all of these
211. ASCII
212. 5 x 10^-6
213. CPFSK
214. QAM
215. 40,000 bps
216. bit error rate
217. probability of error
218. Energy per bit-to-noise power
density ratio
219. Morse
220. 4
221. PSK
222. the channel bandwidth may be
increased
223. redundancy
224. pulse-code modulation
225. increase the number of standard
amplitudes

226. to protect small signals in PCM

form quantizing distortion
227. PCM
228. companding
229. PSN code generator
230. bandwidth
231. Pulse modulation
232. A. H. Reeves
233. Digital methods
234. Codec
235. SYN
236. Nyquist sampling theorem
237. 288 Mbps
238. Quantizing
239. Xmodem
240. Dynamic range
241. vocoders
242. 28 kHz
243. Delta modulation
244. Adaptive Delta Modulation
245. XNOR
246. QAM
247. TDM frame
248. Digital carrier system
249. Muldem
250. Unipolar
251. Return to zero
252. Any of these
253. Any of these
254. Combo chip
255. Message channel
256. Group
257. Baseband
258. U600
259. Wave division multiplexing
260. AND gates
261. bandpass filters
262. share a common bandwidth
263. VCO
264. twin lead
265. star
266. 900
267. sync pulse
268. companding
269. The bit rate may be greater than
the baud rate
270. Flow control
271. Bit-oriented protocol
272. Routers
273. Resolution
274. Radio channel
275. SONET
276. dividing pulse widths
277. Overload distortion
278. development of the transistor
279. requiring no part of the signal to
be transmitted
280. The BPSK signal itself
281. all of these
282. modulates the main carrier
283. Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
284. FSK
285. 11 Mbps
286. u-law companding
287. protocol
288. block check character

289. Sending multiple signals

simultaneously over a single channel
290. bit rate is greater than baud
291. Squaring loop
292. equal
293. SSB
294. constellation diagram
295. they are converted to analog first
296. FM
297. take turns transmitting
298. information theory
299. Vertical redundancy check
300. Telemetry
301. Eye patterns
302. PSN code
303. 7 bits
304. X modem protocol
305. 42,000 bps
306. All of these
307. Phase referencing
308. information capacity
309. tracking ADC
310. ASCII
311. Space division multiplexing
312. 3 bits/cycle
313. Sample-and-hold circuit
314. Carrier-to-noise ratio
315. Packet switching
316. Duty cycle
317. FDM
318. Polling
319. Error control
320. the maximum rate of information
transmission depends on the channel
bandwidth
321. information capacity
322. refers to noise
323. bit
324. Line discipline
325. AM plus QPSK
326. frequency-shift keying
327. vocoders
328. Multiplexing
329. Message switching
330. amplitude shift keying
331. broadband
332. minimizes signal bandwidth
333. Time Division Multiplexing
334. QAM
335. PWM
336. pulse-code modulation
337. bit rate
338. PCM
339. block
340. Permanent Virtual Circuit
341. Noise
342. Picturephone
343. superior noise immunity
344. shift register
345. symbol
346. 1100110 1
347. DSU/CSU
348. PCM
349. phase locked loop
350. OOK