Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Zamil
29/03/2015
Kerjasama
POLITEKNIK PERKAPALAN NEGERI SURABAYA dengan BADAN
NASIONAL SERTIFIKASI PROFESI (BNSP) dan LEMBAGA SERTIFIKASI
PROFESI LAS (LSPL)
SECTION 1
GENERAL REQUIREMENET
Oleh :
Farid Moch. Zamil
LATAR BELAKANG
FAKTA LAPANGAN
1.
2.
3.
4.
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PENGERTIAN
PIPE
Bentuk Tubular dengan penampang melingkar.
TUBULAR
Bagian yang berongga dari berbagai bentuk konfigurasi
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General Requirement.
2.
3.
Qualification.
5.
Prequalification of WPSs.
4.
Fabrication.
Requirements
for
the
preparation,
workmanship of welded steel structure.
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assembly
and
5
7.
Stud Welding.
8.
Annex
Informative
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AWS D1.2
Aluminium.
b.
AWS D1.3
c.
AWS D1.4
Reinforcing Steel.
d.
e.
AWS D1.6
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Stainless Steel.
WELDING INSPECTOR COURSE
Farid Moch. Zamil
10
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SECTION 2
DESIG (PERENCANAAN)
Oleh :
Farid Moch. Zamil
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STRENGTH
1.
Group I
Mild Structural Carbon Steel specified Minimum Yield Strength
40 Ksi or less, CE 0.4% or less. Can be welded by Code
2.
Group II
Intermediate strength low alloy steel specified minimum Yield
Strength 40 Ksi 52 Ksi, CE up to 0.45% and Higher. Required the
use of low hydrogen welding process.
3.
Group III
High Strength low alloy steel specified excess Yield Strength
52Ksi 75 Ksi.
4.
Group IV dan V
material Higher Strength over 75 Ksi 100 Ksi.
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TOUGHNESS CLASS
1.
Class C
Diapplikasikan di welded structure yang mempunyai
temperature service diatas 100C.
2.
Class B
material yang mempunyai nilai CVN pada temperatur
pengujian 100C 00C
3.
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a.
b.
c.
Class A
a.
b.
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Ukuran effektive
Pentration (PJP) :
pada
Partial
Joint
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Fillet Weld :
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Fillet Weld :
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10
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Min. dia. Lubang atau lebar deposite tidak boleh kurang dari tebal
material, untuk material up to 8 mm (5/8 in).
Maks. dia lubang atau lebar tidak lebih dari Min diameter + 3 mm
atau 2-1/4 x tebal, pilih mana yang lebih besar.
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SECTION 3
PREQUALIFIED WPS (WPSs)
Oleh :
Farid Moch. Zamil
Persyaratan.
1.
2.
3.
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Welding Proses
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Batasan material & Filler metal yang digunakan untuk WPSs seperti
yang terdaftar pada tabel 3-1 AWS D1.1 Std.
Jika Material/Filler yang tidak tercantum pada list Tabel 3-1, boleh
digunakan dengan syarat chemical komposisi sesuai list material
di Tabel 3-1, harus mendapat persetujuan dari Engineer.
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Ketentuan preheat untuk WPSs seperti yang tercantum pada tabel 3-2
AWS D1.1.
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BATASAN WPSs :
Persyaratan.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Note.
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1.
2.
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1.
SMAW
6 mm (1/4 in).
2.
SAW
8 mm (5/16 in).
3.
GMAW/FCAW
8 mm (5/16 in).
Shielding Gas
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Figure 3.11
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SECTION 4
QUALIFIED WPS
Oleh :
Farid Moch. Zamil
Guide (Position) :
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POSITION QUALIFIED*
1G, 1G (Rotated)
2G
F, H
3G
4G
OH
5G
F, V, OH
ALL
1F, 1F (Rotated)
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POSITION QUALIFIED*
2F, 2F (Rotated)
F, H
3F
4F (Plate)
OH
4F (Tubular)
F, H, OH
5F
ALL
* Note :
* CJP Groove qualify CJP, PJP & Fillet Welds.
* Fillet qualify Fillet only.
* Groove weld on plate qualifies pipes 24 in (600) nominal outer dia.
* Vertical uphill to downhill essential variable and vise versa
* Plug/Slot Welding qualifies for only the tested position
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THICKNESS QUALIFIED
Note
Any PJP qualification shall also qualify any fillet weld size on
any thickness.
3.
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JOB SIZE TEST PIPE DIA. OVER or LESS THAN 24 in. (600mm OD)
THICKNESS TEST COUPON
THICKNESS QUALIFIED
THICKNESS QUALIFIED
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THICKNESS QUALIFIED
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Note
CJP groove weld qualification on any thickness or diameter
shall qualify any size of fillet or PJP groove weld for any
thickness or diameter (see Clause 4.11.3 for macro etch test
requirement.
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TEST QUALIFIED
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Guide (Base Material) See Table 3.1, 4.8 & 4.9 Contd
QUALIFY TEST COUPON
TEST QUALIFIED
Note
Group I through IV are found in Table 3.1
5.
Guide (Preheat)
The need for & temperature of preheat dependent upon number
of factors such as Chemical analysis, degree of restraint of the
parts being joined, elevated temperature, mechanical
properties and material thickness.
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AWS D1.1, Table 4.5 : PQR Essential Variable (except ESW and
EGW process), for Non-CVN Testing applications.
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Guide (Joint)
AWS D1.1. TABLE 4.5 : ESSENTIAL VARIABLE FOR JOINTS
AWS D1.1, Table 4.5 PQR Essential Variables (except ESW and
EGW process), for Non-CVN testing application.
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See AWS D.1.1, Table 4.5 : PQR essential variables (except ESW
and EGW process), for Non-CVN testing application.
AWS D1.1, Table 4.5 : PQR Essential Variable (except ESW and
EGW process), for Non-CVN Testing applications.
AWS D1.1, 5.7 HEAT INPUT CONTROL for QUENCHED and TEMPERED
STEELS : When quenched and tempered steels are welded, the
heat input shall be restricted in conjunction with the maximum
preheat
and
interpass
temperatures
required.
Such
consideration shall include the additional heat input produced in
simultaneous welding on the two sides of a common member.
The preceding limitations shall be in conformance with the
procedures recommendations.
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8.
AWS D1.1, Table 4.5 PQR Essential Variables, for Non CVN Testing
Applications.
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Guide (Position) :
AWS D1.1, Table 4.10, Groove Test (Plate, Pipe or Box Tube)
POSITION QUALIFIED*
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POSITION TEST
GROOVE
FILLET
1G, 1G (Rotated)
F, H
2G
F, H
F, H
3G
F, H, V
F, H, V
4G
F, OH
F, H, OH
5G
F, V, OH
F, V, OH
6G, 6GR
ALL
ALL
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AWS D1.1, Table 4.10, Fillet Test (Plate, Pipe or Box Tube)
POSITION TEST
POSITION QUALIFIED*
1F, 1F (Rotated)
2F, 2F (Rotated)
F, H
3F
F, H, V
4F
F, H, OH
5F
F, V, OH
* Note :
* Vertical uphill to downhill or vice versa is Essential Variable.
* Groove test on pipe or box tube also qualifies plate for the same positions.
* Groove test using box tubing also qualifies pipes 24 in (600) nominal outer dia.
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* Note :
* Groove test on plate qualifies pipes 24 in (600 mm) in diameter with backing,
backgouging or both.
* Groove test on plate qualifies plug or slot welds for the test position indicated.
* Plug test qualifies plug and slot welding for only the position test.
* ESW or EGW process test qualifies welding for only the position tested.
2.
Guide (Thick Base Metal) AWS D1.1, Table 4.11, (Pipe or Box
Tube)
WELD TYPE
Pipe or Box Tube
T TESTED (in)
T QUALIFIED (in)
Groove (CJP)
T : Unlimited ( 4 Max)
Groove (CJP)
Groove (CJP)
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SECTION 5
FABRICATION
Oleh :
Farid Moch. Zamil
27
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Sect.5 Fabrication
Preparation (Persiapan).
2.
3.
4.
5.
Details of assembly.
6.
Identification of WPS.
7.
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Sect.5 Fabrication
Preparation (Persiapan).
ERECTION DRAWING SHALL SHOW
1. Location of all structural material.
2. Identification mark of members.
3. Setting elevations for column basses.
4. Orinetation and relation members to appropriates
grid lines (Sesuai lines).
5. Details of assembly.
6. Identification of WPS.
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Sect.5 Fabrication
BASE METAL AWS D1.1 Std.
BASE MATERIAL
1.
2.
Toleransi Dimension.
Terdapat pada ASTM Std A. 6 & A. 20
b.
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Sect.5 Fabrication
1) Size
2) Condition
3) Specification*
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Sect.5 Fabrication
Rolling Imperfections
Direction of rolling
Cold Laps*
Laminations
Segregation
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Sect.5 Fabrication
Lamination
Lapping
Lamination
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Sect.5 Fabrication
WELDING CONSUMABLE AWS D1.1 Std.
Welding Consumables:
filler material must be stored in an area with controlled
temperature and humidity
poor handling and incorrect stacking may damage
coatings, rendering the electrodes unusable
there should be an issue and return policy for welding
consumables (system procedure)
control systems for electrode treatment must be checked
and calibrated; those operations must be recorded
filler material suppliers must be approved before purchasing
any material
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Sect.5 Fabrication
General Requirement Welding Consumables & Electrode:
Certification electrode or electrode flux combination jika
diminta oleh Engineer maka contractor/fabricator harus
menyiapkannya.
Parameter las harus dalam range yang direkomendasikan oleh
electrode manufacturer.
Gas or gas mixture yang dipakai untuk shielding gas harus
conform AWS 5.32 Specification for Welding Shielding Gasses.
Prosentase gas atau mix gas yang digunakan harus sesuai yang
disyaratkan WPS.
Welding Consumable yang sudah dibuka dari sealed boxnya
harus diproteksi dan disimpan akan berpengaruh pada welding
properties.
Electrode harus kering dan dalam kondisi baik jika digunakan.
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Sect.5 Fabrication
Covers welding materials. A-5.1, as well as all other
specifications, states the marking requirements. It requires
marking as follows:
Packages
The AWS specification and class
The supplier's name and designation
Standard size and net weight Lot, control or heat
number
Electrodes
The electrode shall be marked with the AWS
classification stamped no more than 2-1/2" from the
grip end.
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Sect.5 Fabrication
BAKING PROCEDURE for BASIC ELECTRODES
Unopened
packet
Re-dry to ensure
Low hydrogen
condition
AWS A5.1
Low Hydrogen
Time period
Tabel 5.1
Column A
Bake
260-430oC
2 Hrs
Quiver
70oC min
4 hrs max
Hold
150oC
Time period
Tabel 5.1
Column B
AWS A5.5
Low Hydrogen
Bake
370-430oC
1 Hrs
Hold
150oC
Quiver
70oC min
Over 4-10 hrs
Note :
1. Baking yang melebihi satu kali & electrode basah tidak boleh digunakan.
2. Electrode untuk ASTM A514 atau A517 dengan electrode classification
E100XX-X kecuali E70XXH4R di baking sekurang-kurangnya 1 Jam pada
temperatur 370-4300C
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Sect.5 Fabrication
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Sect.5 Fabrication
General Requirement Welding Consumables & Electrode:
SAW Electrode dan Fluxes : AWS A5.17 dimana kondisi Fluxe
harus kering dan bebas dari kontaminasi. Fluxes yang
tersimpan di storage sekurang-kurangnya 6 bulan. Fluxes yang
rusak harus di baking pada temperatur 2600C selama 1 Hour
atau dibuang. Fluxes yang basah tidak boleh dipakai.
GMAW/FCAW Electrodes yang menghasilkan Weld Metal
dengan nilai YS < 60 Ksi harus sesuai dengan AWS A5.18 dan YS
> 60 Ksi ke AWS A5.28.
GTAW Tungsten harus conform dengan AWS A.512 dan Filler
Metal ke AWS A5.18, A5.28 dan A5.30.
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Sect.5 Fabrication
PREHEAT & INTERPASS TEMP AWS D1.1 Std.
Adalah : Temperatur pada benda kerja didaerah dekat daerah
Preheat & Interpass temp mengacu pada tabel 3.5 dan tabel 4.5
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Sect.5 Fabrication
PREHEAT & INTERPASS TEMP AWS D1.1 Std.
Quenched & Tempered Steel
Heat Input harus ditentukan, terutama untuk pengelasan dua sisi.
Gouging tidak boleh digunakan.
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Sect.5 Fabrication
STRESS RELIEF HEAT TREATMENT AWS D1.1 Std.
The inspector, in general, should ensure that:
Equipment is as specified
Temperature control equipment is in good condition
Procedures as specified, is being used e.g.
o Method of application
o Rate of heating and cooling
o Maximum temperature
o Soak time
o Temperature measurement (and calibration)
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Sect.5 Fabrication
PWHT Procedures - Basic Requirement
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Sect.5 Fabrication
PWHT Procedures - Basic Requirements
1.
Furnace Temperatur
Kondisi temperatur furnace tidak boleh lebih dari 3150C.
2.
3.
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Sect.5 Fabrication
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Sect.5 Fabrication
PWHT Procedures - Basic Requirements
4. Maximum Cooling Rate
Diatas temperatur 3150C Max. cooling rate tidak boleh
melebihi 2600C/jam dibagi Max. thick pada material yang
tebal dalam satuan inchi.
5. Alternatif PWHT
Diatur dalam tabel 5.3.
6. Material Not Recommended PWHT
Material Tempered & Quenched (A.514, A.517, A.709
Grades 100 dan 100 w, A.710) sambungan wedingnya tidak
direkomendasikan PWHT.
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Sect.5 Fabrication
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Sect.5 Fabrication
Local Post Weld Heat Treatment
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Sect.5 Fabrication
Backing Thickness Requirements
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Sect.5 Fabrication
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Sect.5 Fabrication
BACKING & MISALLIGMENT AWS D1.1 Std.
Fillet & PJP Groove Weld :
Root opening tidak boleh lebih dari 5mm kecuali untuk material
yang mempunyai ketebalan diatas 75mm.
Jika root opening yang melebihi batas toleransi misal 8mm
boleh digunakan dengan syarat harus menggunakan backing.
Butt Joint misaligment :
Misaligment tidak boleh melebihi 10% dari tebal yang paling
tipis pada sambungan atau 3 mm diambil mana yang lebih
kecil.
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Sect.5 Fabrication
TOLERANSI DIMENSI SAMBUNGAN
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Sect.5 Fabrication
TOLERANSI DIMENSI SAMBUNGAN
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Sect.5 Fabrication
TOLERANSI DIMENSI SAMBUNGAN
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Sect.5 Fabrication
THERMAL CUTTING & ACCESS HOLE AWS D1.1 Std.
Roughness Requirement base on ANSI/ASME B46.1 :
Thickness
Roughness
Inchi
mm
in.
Up to 4
Up to 100
1000
mm.
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100 - 200
2000
50
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Roughness
Inchi
mm
Sample
Up to 4 (include)
Up to 100 (include)
No.3
Over 4 8
No.4
109
Cut
too
fast
pronounced break in
the drag line, irregular
cut edge
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Sect.5 Fabrication
Gouging or Notch Limitations
Hole gouges tidak lebih dari 3/16 in (5 mm) kedalamannya,
roughness permukaan dapat di machining atau di grinding.
Hole gouges melebihi 3/16 in (5 mm) kedalamannya roughness
permukaan boleh direpair grinding .
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Sect.5 Fabrication
STRAIGHTNESS of COLUMNS & TRUSSES
AWS D1.1 Std.
Gou
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Sect.5 Fabrication
Dimensional Tolerances of Welded Structural Members
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Dimensional Tolerances of Welded Structural Members
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Sect.5 Fabrication
Dimensional Tolerances of Welded Structural Members
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Sect.5 Fabrication
Dimensional Tolerances of Welded Structural Members
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Sect.5 Fabrication
Backing Thickness Requirements
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Sect.5 Fabrication
TOLERANSI DIMENSI SAMBUNGAN
Fillet & PJP Groove Weld :
Root opening tidak boleh lebih dari 5mm kecuali untuk material
yang mempunyai ketebalan diatas 75mm.
Jika root opening yang melebihi batas toleransi misal 8mm
boleh digunakan dengan syarat harus menggunakan backing.
Butt Joint misaligment :
Misaligment tidak boleh melebihi 10% dari tebal yang paling
tipis pada sambungan atau 3 mm diambil mana yang lebih
kecil.
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Sect.5 Fabrication
TRANSITION of BUTT JOINT PARTS of UNEQUAL THICKNESS
(NON TUBULAR)
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Sect.5 Fabrication
TRANSITION of BUTT JOINT PARTS of UNEQUAL THICKNESS
(NON TUBULAR)
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Sect.5 Fabrication
TRANSITION of BUTT JOINT PARTS of UNEQUAL THICKNESS
(NON TUBULAR)
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Sect.5 Fabrication
TRANSITION of BUTT JOINT PARTS of UNEQUAL THICKNESS
(TUBULAR)
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Sect.5 Fabrication
TRANSITION of BUTT JOINT PARTS of UNEQUAL THICKNESS
(TUBULAR)
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FABRICATION
TOLERANSI DIMENSI SAMBUNGAN
TRANSITION of BUTT JOINT PARTS of UNEQUAL THICKNESS
(TUBULAR)
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Sect.5 Fabrication
TRANSITION of BUTT JOINT PARTS of UNEQUAL THICKNESS
(TUBULAR)
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Sect.5 Fabrication
TRANSITION of BUTT JOINT PARTS of UNEQUAL THICKNESS
(TUBULAR)
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Sect.5 Fabrication
TRANSITION of BUTT JOINT PARTS of UNEQUAL THICKNESS
(TUBULAR)
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Sect.5 Fabrication
GROOVE DIMENSION NON TUBULAR
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Sect.5 Fabrication
GROOVE DIMENSION NON TUBULAR
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FABRICATION
TOLERANSI DIMENSI SAMBUNGAN
GROOVE DIMENSION TUBULAR
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SECTION 6
INSPECTION
Oleh :
Farid Moch. Zamil
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Sect.6 Inspection
PENDAHULUAN
Tingkat pemeriksaan dan persyaratannya harus didefinisikan
dalam applikasi standard atau kesepakatan dengan pihak
Client dengan Manufacturer
Welding inspection selama proses fabrikasi meliputi :
Before welding
(Before assemble & After assembly)
During welding
After welding
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Sect.6 Inspection
Measuring devices:
flexible tape, steel rule
Temperature indicating crayons
Welding gauges
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Magnifying glass
Torch / flash light
Gas flow-meter
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Sect.6 Inspection
10mm
10mm
G.A.L.
G.A.L.
1
2
S.T.D.
16mm
3
4
S.T.D.
16mm
5
6
Misalignment Gauges
Hi-Lo Gauge
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Sect.6 Inspection
Voltmeter
Ammeter
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Sect.6 Inspection
BEFORE WELDING
Preparation:
Familiarisation with relevant documents
Application Standard/Code
requirements
for
visual
acceptance
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Sect.6 Inspection
Welding Procedures:
are applicable to joints to be welded & approved
are available to welders & inspectors
Welder Qualifications:
list of available qualified welders related to WPSs
certificates are valid and in-date
Equipment:
all inspection equipment is in good condition & calibrated as
necessary
all safety requirements are understood & necessary
equipment available
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Sect.6 Inspection
Materials:
can be identified & related to test certificates, traceability !
are of correct dimensions
are in suitable condition (no damage/contamination)
Consumables:
in accordance with WPSs
are being controlled in accordance with Procedure
Weld Preparations:
comply with WPS/drawing
free from defects & contamination
Welding Equipment:
in good order & calibrated as required by Procedure
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Sect.6 Inspection
Weather conditions
suitable if site / field welding
Welding Process(es)
in accordance with WPS
Welder
is approved to weld the joint
Pre-heat (if required)
minimum temperature as specified by WPS
maximum interpass temperature as WPS
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Sect.6 Inspection
DURING WELDING
Welding consumables
in accordance with WPS
in suitable condition
controlled issue and handling
Welding Parameters
current, voltage & travel speed as WPS
Root runs
if possible, visually inspect root before single-sided welds are
filled up
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Sect.6 Inspection
Inter-run cleaning
in accordance with an approved method (back
gouging) to good workmanship standard
Distortion control
welding is balanced & over-welding is avoided
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Sect.6 Inspection
AFTER WELDING
Weld Identification
identified/numbered as required
is marked with welders identity
Visual Inspection
ensure weld is suitable for all NDT
visually inspect & sentence to Code requirements
Dimensional Survey
ensure dimensions comply with Code/drawing
Other NDT
ensure all NDT is completed & reports available
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Sect.6 Inspection
VISUAL - WELDING
Semua lasan (Weld) harus bebas dari Crack, Overlap dan Unacceptable
discountunuities seperti yang tersaji pada gambar 5.4, Tabel 5.9 dan Tabel 5.10 .
Adapun Acceptance criteria Visual tercantum pada tabel 6.1
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145
Sect.6 Inspection
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146
Sect.6 Inspection
VISUAL WELD PROFILE
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147
49
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Sect.6 Inspection
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148
Sect.6 Inspection
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149
Sect.6 Inspection
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150
50
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Sect.6 Inspection
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151
Sect.6 Inspection
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152
Sect.6 Inspection
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153
51
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Sect.6 Inspection
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154
Sect.6 Inspection
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155
Sect.6 Inspection
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156
52
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Sect.6 Inspection
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157
Sect.6 Inspection
NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST (NDT)
A welding inspector should have a working
knowledge of NDT methods and their applications,
advantages and disadvantages.
Four basic NDT methods
Radiographic inspection (RT)
Ultrasonic inspection (UT)
Magnetic particle inspection (MT)
Dye penetrant inspection (PT)
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Sect.6 Inspection
Surface Crack Detection
Ultrasonics (UT)
Radiography (RT)
Note:
The choice of NDT techniques is based on consideration of these advantages and
disadvantages
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Sect.6 Inspection
X Rays
Electrically generated
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Gamma Rays
Generated by the decay of
unstable atoms
160
Sect.6 Inspection
Source
Image quality indicator
Radiation beam
Radiographic
film
with latent image
after exposure
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Test specimen
161
Sect.6 Inspection
Pulse echo
signals
A scan
Display
Digital
UT Set,
Compression probe
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162
54
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Sect.6 Inspection
NDT ULTRASONIC TESTING
Back wall
echo
defect
echo
initial pulse
Material Thk
defect
Compression Probe
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10
20
30
40
50
CRT Display
163
Sect.6 Inspection
Collection of ink
particles due to
leakage field
Electro-magnet (yoke) DC or AC
Prods DC or AC
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Sect.6 Inspection
Acceptance criterias Radiographic Testing refer to section 6.10
A crack like
indication
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INSPECTION
NDT PENETRANT TESTING
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Sect.6 Inspection
Fluorescent Penetrant
167
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56