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133

Name:
Sec
:
No
:

Obscuration method to get pitch and screw angle:

Dimension illustration:

Pitc
h

Procedure of measurement:
1. We fix the screw thread on V-block.
2. Move the screw thread in direction of (Y) by moving the (Y) micrometer
with servo motor at first section
3. Moving of screw thread in Y direction change the output signal on
photo detector
4. Moving the screw thread in direction z to get the 2 th section

Principle of measurement:
B

Direction of

First
secti
2th
secti

Laser spot
perpendicular
to page

AB=(T3T4)/2

Neglect the effect of laser spot diameter.

Output signal at section (2):
T3
Voltag

Time in
second

Time ( 1)

Output signal at section (1):

T4
Voltag

Time in
second

Time ( 2)

From two signals we get that:

To get pitch:
T1 and t2 should be equal and that time is the time of the pitch.
P= t1*v
V: is the rotational speed of servo motor.
To get angle of thread:
AB = (T3-T4)/2 s
AC=the distance moving in Z direction to get the second section =Xmm
From triangle:
Tan () =AC/AB=X/((T3-T4)/2)
C
=tan^-1[(x/(T3-T4)/2)]

Fundamentals of laser triangulation method

The laser displacement sensors are based on the ancient technique of using
angles to
measure distances via triangulation. Light scattered by the object surface at
different
distances arrives at the collecting lens at different angles; then the lens
transforms the
angle into position by imaging the spot onto the detector. If the laser source
is a diode laser, cylindrical lenses are necessary to correct for the beam
ellipticity. The light scattered by the sample is captured and focused by
collection lenses onto the detector. The spot position, which is proportional to
the sensor-to-sample distance, shifts up and down as the measured surface
moves downward and upward. Although according to geometrical optics the
relationship between the surface-to-sensor distance and spot position is
linear, aberration in the collection optics, nonhomogeneous spot intensity,
spurious reflections and detector nonlinearities can make this relationship
very complex. Whether these negative effects can be corrected or minimized
depends on the choice of detector, controller algorithm and linearization.

Diagram of a displacement sensor based on laser triangulation .

Triangulation method to get pitch:

Setup:

Detect
or

Two V block
at
adjustable
distance

Imagi
ng
lens
Y
direction

Data
acquisition

CPU

Laser
source

Software
with
algorithm

Micrometer
for moving in
Z direction

Screen
table

Setup explanation of moving a screw thread :

Micromete
r or
stepper
motor for
moving in

Procedure:
1-Moving of table in the Y direction
2-This moving make a distance variation called Z and detected by imaging
lens and detector as X
Max X

Laser
Direction of
moving

Max
variation

3-We take many positions by moving in Y direction

4-The variation of heights of a screw thread teeth presented and calculation
with software that get pitch and angle

Principle of measurement:
Triangulation is a profiling method.

2
1

Direction of
moving screw

To get the Z for each position:

Z=( X*F*cos())/[(N sin(+))-( X* cos(+))] n

F

N
n

Position 1
Z

C
Position 2

Presentation of Z VS positions no:

20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0

20

40

60

80

100

120