ASI Angle Cleat Design Guide 5 PDF

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Design Guide 5: Angle Cleat Connections
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Connection Design Guide 5

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS
Design Guide 5:
Angle Cleat Connections
First Edition 2007

Author T.J. Hogan
Contributing author and editor S.A. Munter
Design Guide 5.
Angle cleat connections
by
T.J.Hogan
contributing author & editor

S.A.Munter
first edition - 2007
AUSTRALIAN STEEL INSTITUTE

(ABN)/ACN (94) 000 973 839
Design Guide 5:
Angle cleat connections
Copyright 2007 by AUSTRALIAN STEEL INSTITUTE
Published by: AUSTRALIAN STEEL INSTITUTE
All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without
the written permission of Australian Steel Institute.
Note to commercial software developers: Copyright of the information contained within this publication is
held by Australian Steel Institute (ASI). Written permission must be obtained from ASI for the use of any
information contained herein which is subsequently used in any commercially available software package.
FIRST EDITION 2007 (LIMIT STATES)
National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry:
Hogan, T.J.
Design Guide 5: Angle cleat connections
st
1 ed.
Bibliography.
ISBN 978 0 9804015 2 3 (pbk.).
1.
Steel, StructuralStandards - Australia.
2.
Steel, StructuralSpecifications - Australia.
3.
Joints, (Engineering)Design and construction.
I.
Munter, S.A.
II.
Australian Steel Institute.
III.
Title
(Series: Structural steel connection series).
This publication originated as part of

Design of structural connections
First edition 1978
Second edition 1981
Third edition 1988
Fourth edition 1994
Also in this series:

Design capacity tables for structural steel. Volume 3: Simple connections open sections
Handbook 1: Design of structural steel connections
Design Guide 1: Bolting in structural steel connections
Design Guide 2: Welding in structural steel connections
Design Guide 3: Web side plate connections
Design Guide 4: Flexible end plate connections
Design Guide 6: Seated connections
Disclaimer: The information presented by the Australian Steel Institute in this publication has been
prepared for general information only and does not in any way constitute recommendations or
professional advice. While every effort has been made and all reasonable care taken to ensure the
accuracy of the information contained in this publication, this information should not be used or relied
upon for any specific application without investigation and verification as to its accuracy, suitability and
applicability by a competent professional person in this regard. The Australian Steel Institute, its officers
and employees and the authors and editors of this publication do not give any warranties or make any
representations in relation to the information provided herein and to the extent permitted by law (a) will
not be held liable or responsible in any way; and (b) expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility for
any loss or damage costs or expenses incurred in connection with this publication by any person, whether
that person is the purchaser of this publication or not. Without limitation, this includes loss, damage, costs
and expenses incurred as a result of the negligence of the authors, editors or publishers.
The information in this publication should not be relied upon as a substitute for independent due
diligence, professional or legal advice and in this regards the services of a competent professional person
or persons should be sought.
design guide 5
angle cleat connections, first edition
ii
CONTENTS
Page
List of figures
List of tables
Preface
About the author
About the contributing author and editor
Acknowledgements
v
vi
vii
viii
viii
ix
1 CONCEPT OF DESIGN GUIDE ................. 1

1.1 Background
1
2 DESCRIPTION OF CONNECTION ............ 2
3 TYPICAL DETAILING OF CONNECTION .. 3
3.1 Double angle cleat
3
3.2 Single angle cleat
4
4 DETAILING CONSIDERATIONS................ 5
5 COMPLIANCE WITH AS 4100
REQUIREMENTS FOR CONNECTIONS ... 7
6 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ................ 8
7 BASIS OF DESIGN MODELDOUBLE
ANGLE CLEATS ........................................ 9
8 BASIS OF DESIGN MODELSINGLE
ANGLE CLEAT......................................... 10
9 CONNECTION GEOMETRY .................... 11
10 RECOMMENDED DESIGN MODEL
DOUBLE ANGLE CLEATS
SUMMARY OF CHECKS ......................... 12
10.1 DESIGN CHECK NO. 1
Detailing limitations
13
Design capacity of bolts
to supporting member
14
Design capacity of bolts
to supported member
15
10.3.1 Alternative ASingle line of
bolts to supported member
15
10.3.2 For Alternative BDouble line
of bolts to supported member
15
10.4 DESIGN CHECK NO. 4Design
capacity of angle cleats (Shear,
bending, block shear)
16
capacity of supported member
(ShearUncoped or coped)
17
(Block shearCoped section)
18
Page
(Bending of coped section)
10.8 DESIGN CHECK NO. 8Beam
rotation check
10.9 DESIGN CHECK NO. 9Local
stability of coped supported
member
capacity of supporting member
10.10.1 Single-sided connection
10.10.2 Double-sided connection
19
20
21
22
22
23
11 RECOMMENDED DESIGN MODEL

SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT
SUMMARY OF CHECKS ..........................24
25
Design capacity of bolts to
supporting member
26
Design capacity of bolts to
supported member
27
11.3.1 Alternative ASingle line
27
11.3.2 Alternative BDouble line
27
capacity of angle cleat (Shear,
28
29
(Block shearCoped section)
30
(Bending of coped section)
31
rotation check
32
member
33
34
34
35
12 OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ......36
13 REFERENCES..........................................37
design guide 5
Page
iii
14 DESIGN EXAMPLES ............................... 38

14.1 Design example No. 1
Connection capacity with
single-sided double AC
connection to supporting column
38
Connection capacity with
single-sided single AC
connection to supporting beam
41
15 DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES .................. 44
15.1 Configuration ADouble angle
cleat single line of bolts to
supported member
44
Page
15.2 Configuration BDouble angle cleat
double line of bolts to supported
member
49
15.3 Configuration CSingle angle
supported member
54
15.4 Configuration DSingle angle
cleat double line of bolts to
supported member
57
APPENDICES
A
Limcon software
B
ASI Design Guide 5
comment form
design guide 5
58
65
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Page
Page
Typical single and double

angle cleat connections .................. 2
Alternative ASingle line of
bolts to beam web .......................... 3
Alternative BDouble line of
bolts to beam web .......................... 3
Double line of bolts to supporting
member .......................................... 3
Alternative ASingle line of
bolts to beam web .......................... 4
Alternative BDouble line of
bolts to beam web .......................... 4
Single line of bolts to supporting
member .......................................... 4
Coping beam flange(s) for column
web connection............................... 6
Coping beam bottom flange to
clear bolts ....................................... 6
Typical bolt placement.................... 6
Deformation of the angle cleat........ 7
Connection geometry ................... 11
Block shear capacity areas
Double angle cleats ...................... 16
Block shear capacity parameters
Supported member ....................... 18
BendingCoped supported
member ........................................ 19
Parameters for rotation check....... 20
Local stability parameters
Coped supported member ............ 21
Supporting members with
supported member on one side .... 22
Figure 19 Supporting members with

supported members on two sides..23
Figure 20 Block shear capacity areas
Single angle cleat ..........................28
Figure 21 Block shear capacity parameters
Supported member........................30
Figure 22 Bending-coped supported
member .........................................31
Figure 23 Parameters for rotation check .......32
Figure 24 Local stability parameters
Coped supported member .............33
supported member on one side .....34
supported members on two sides..35
Figure 27 Single-sided double AC
connection to supporting column ...38
Figure 28 Single-sided single AC
connection to supporting beam......41
Figure 29 Geometry configuration A
Double angle cleat single line
of bolts to supported member ........44
Figure 30 Geometry configuration B
Double angle cleat double line
Figure 31 Geometry configuration C
Single angle cleat single line
Figure 32 Geometry configuration D
Single angle cleat double line
design guide 5
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Angle cleat design capacity table

Configuration A, double angle
supported member,
Member > 500 mm deep............... 45
supported member,
Member > 350 mm but < 500 mm
deep ............................................. 46
supported member,
Member > 250 mm but < 350 mm
deep ............................................. 47
supported member,
Member 200 mm deep.................. 48
Configuration B, double angle
supported member,
Member > 500 mm deep............... 50
Page
Table 6

supported member,
Member > 350 but < 500 mm
deep ..............................................51
Table 7 Angle cleat design capacity table
supported member,
Member > 250 but < 350 mm
deep ..............................................52
supported member,
Member 200 mm deep ..................53
Configuration C, single angle
supported member,
Member > 300 mm deep ...............55
Configuration C, single angle
supported member,
Member < 300 mm deep ...............56
design guide 5
vi
PREFACE
This new series of connection publications by the Australian Institute of Steel (ASI) covering
capacity tables, theory and design of individual simple connections will be known as the
Structural Steel Connections Series, Part 1: 1 st ed. 2007 (Connection Series, Part 1). This
Connection Series, Part 1 details the method of design and provides capacity tables and
detailing parameters for a range of simple connections commonly used for structural steel in
Australia. Connections have a major engineering and economic importance in steel structures
influencing design, detailing, fabrication and erection costs. Standardisation of design approach
integrated with industry detailing is the key to minimum costs at each stage. This Connections
Series, Part 1 in conjunction with the future Connection Series, Part 2 for rigid connections
(collectively the Structural Steel Connections Series or Connection Series) replaces and
enhances an ASI flagship publication first released in 1978 at which time connection design
theories were developed for the purpose of generating and releasing connection capacity
tables. The first three editions were released in permissible stress format. The fourth edition
Design of Structural Connections (often referred to as the Green Book) was released in 1994 in
limit state format but there was no subsequent release of a limit state companion document
containing connection design capacity tables.
Design Guide 5 covers the single and double angle cleat (AC) connection and references
Handbook 1, Design of structural steel connections which is the hub of a new Connection Series
expanding and revising the elemental connection theory contained in previous editions of
Design of Structural Connections. This allows the single and double angle cleat connection
model to remain concise and practical for efficient design assessment. The presentation of the
connection model follows a stylised calculation page format with a numbered DESIGN CHECK
procedure to simplify the design capacity assessment. This robust connection is returning to
favour due to the growth of efficient computer numeric control fabrication processes.
The most significant upgrades in reviewing and consolidating the previous AC design model are
the detailing limitations, refinement of block shear assessments and rotation checks.
Improvements have been made to local stability of coped beams and local capacity of the
supporting member checks. Design Guide 5 includes standardised detailing and design capacity
tables for the single and double angle cleat connection designed using the design model in this
Guide. The design capacity tables have been rigorously checked firstly by hand calculation,
then by spreadsheet and also using the Limcon software for consistency and validity. An ASI
connections survey revealed that practising engineers in designing common connections firstly
consult their design capacity tables, then if required, follow with hand calculations, spreadsheet
formulation and finally detailed computer assessments. Special surveys of the Australian steel
industry provided best practice for component and dimensional standardisation. The results
tabulated for each single and double angle cleat configuration are only for the dimensional and
geometrical limitations and design actions specified. Any additional loads, load combinations,
geometry arrangement beyond the limits specified must be undertaken by a competent
professional person and supported by engineering research, theory or principles.
The new Connections Series format with separate design guides for individual connection types
is intended to facilitate addition to or revision of connection model theory using relevant new
local or international research as deemed appropriate by the ASI. Connection models
developed using the Handbook 1 theory follow a stylised page format with a numbered DESIGN
CHECK procedure to simplify connection capacity assessment.
Engineering Systems has worked closely with the Australian Steel Institute to further develop
Limcon as the companion program for this new Connection Design Guide series. The latest
version of Limcon fully implements the new connection design models and it was employed in
checking the design tables. The Limcon output for one or more of the worked examples is
included in an appendix to each Design Guide. The program is an efficient tool covering the full
range of structural connections, including those beyond the scope of the Design Guide capacity
tables.
An appendix to each Design Guide also contains an ASI comment form. Users of this
Publication are encouraged to photocopy this one page form and forward any suggested
improvements which may be incorporated into future editions.
T.J. Hogan
S.A. Munter
design guide 5
vii
ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Tim Hogan is Director of SCP Consulting Pty Ltd. His academic achievements include a
Bachelor of Engineering from the University of NSW with 1st Class Honours and the University
Medal. Post graduate qualifications include a Master of Engineering Science and a Master of
Business Administration. Tim is a Member of the Institution of Engineers Australia with CPEng
and FIE Aust. status.
His early experience was on bridge design and construction with the NSW Public Works
Department and subsequently as Development Engineer and then Engineering Manager with
the Australian Institute of Steel Construction until 1980. Consulting experience with SCP
Consulting since 1980 has included design and supervision of large steel framed buildings,
industrial buildings, mill buildings, retail developments, defence infrastructure and composite
steel-concrete buildings. His published works deal primarily with the areas of composite
construction, steel connections, fabrication and erection of steel structures and he was a major
contributor and editor of the Commentary to AS 4100. He is a member of a number of
Standards Australia Committees dealing with steel and composite structures and is currently
Chairman of Committee BD-001 Steel Structures and BD-032 Composite Construction. He
received an award from Standards Australia for his contributions to writing of Australian
Standards.
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTING AUTHOR AND EDITOR

Scott Munter is now the National Structural Decking Manager for BlueScope Lysaght. He was
formerly the National ManagerEngineering & Construction for the Australian Steel Institute
(ASI) and worked in this role from 2000 to 2007. This key role involved setting the technical
leadership of ASI in support of design and construction to enable the efficient specification and
use of steel in construction. Responsibilities included ASI technical publications, advice on
industry best practice, ASI and Code committees, presentations and lecturing.
Scott is a Member of the Institution of Engineers Australia with CP Eng & NPER (Structural)
status. He holds a Bachelor of Structural Engineering from the University of Technology,
Sydney with 1 st Class Honours and the University Medal. His professional career includes 15
years in consulting civil and structural engineering working for Tim Hogan at SCP Consulting.
His consulting experience includes a strong steel focus with major infrastructure, industrial and
commercial developments plus domestic construction.
design guide 5
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to extend special thanks to:

The ASI Connections steering committee consisting of Richard Collins (Engineering Systems),
Anthony Ng (OneSteel Market Mills) and Arun Syam (Smorgon Steel Tube Mills) for their
respective contributions with the development and review of the technical and editorial content
of the revised ASI Connection Publication.
Significant contributions were made by:
Richard CollinsEngineering Systems in the development and upgrade of the Limcon

software code in parallel with the design theory aiding in the editing and validation of the
revised models.
Standards Australia for providing their technical typesetting expertise.
Whizzcad Pty Ltd with drafting and graphics for publishing.
ASI State Engineering & Construction Special

engineering and industry review of manuscripts.
Sub-Committees
for
progressive
Together with support of:
All facets of the ASI membership including design engineers, steelwork detailers and
fabricators in contributing industry best practice and standards through ASI surveys and
direct consultation to establish the theory and geometry in this new ASI Connection
Publication.
design guide 5
ix
CONCEPT OF DESIGN GUIDE
1.1
Background
The ASI was formed in 2002 through the merger of Australian Institute of Steel Construction
(AISC) and Steel Institute of Australia (SIA). The former AISC published a design manual giving
guidance on the design of structural connections in steel (Ref. 2).
ASI is updating Reference 2 by way of the Connection Series including design guides dealing
with connection parts and individual connection types. The overall series of Connections
publications will be known as the Connections Series.
The former AISC also published a manual containing standardised detailing for simple
connections, accompanied by load tables (Ref. 3).
Wherever possible each design guide for individual connection types contains standardised
detailing and design capacity tables for the connection type covered by that design guide
derived using the design models in that design guide.
The Connection Series is a specialist series devoted to the design of connections in structural
steel in accordance with current Australian Standard AS 4100 (Ref 1.), reflecting the current
state of knowledge of connection behaviour from test results. In some instances, the test
evidence is sparse and in other instances the evidence is contradictory or clouded. Each design
guide in the Connection Series has been written by weighing the evidence to provide
recommended design procedures based in part on the design procedures used in equivalent
manuals and/or published papers.
This Guide is intended to provide a design model for the angle cleat connection (AC) which
gives a realistic estimate of connection design capacity and considerable effort has been
expended in researching and developing a simple, yet satisfactory design model which can be
justified on the basis of the available research and current design practice. It is to be
emphasised that for this connection, the design model presented is not the only possible
modelmerely the most representative of the behaviour of an individual connection in the
opinion of the ASI. It is therefore not intended to suggest that other models may not result
in adequate connection capacity and further reference is made to the Disclaimer on page
ii of this publication as to the required investigation and verification by a competent
professional person or persons in regards to the accuracy, suitability and applicability of
the materials provided in this Connections Series.
The connection dealt with in this Guide is the single or double angle cleat connection, also
known as single or double angle web cleat connection.
The angle cleat connection is used as a simple connection in terms of AS 4100 for steel beam
to steel beam or steel column connections.
design guide 5
DESCRIPTION OF CONNECTION
The angle cleat connection consists of either a single angle bolted to a supported member web
or two angles bolted each side of a supported member web. The angle or angles are in turn
bolted to the supporting member (refer to Figure 1 for typical examples of the connection).
The supported member may require to have the flange and/or the web to be coped in order to
enable the connection to be effected (refer to Figure 1).
Features of the connection are:
The component is a standard angle, grade 300 (one or two angles).
The bolting category normally used is 8.8/S.
The component does not extend to the bottom flange of the supported beam in order to
ensure that the beam can rotate without touching the supporting member.
The connection can only be used to hollow section columns if studs or special bolts are
used. Such studs or bolts are not considered in this Design Guide (refer Design Guide 1).
FIGURE 1 TYPICAL SINGLE AND DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT CONNECTIONS

(after Ref. 4)
design guide 5
TYPICAL DETAILING OF
CONNECTION
3.1
Double angle cleats
Beam-to-column and beam-to-beam connections,

uncoped, single and double web coped beams.

FIGURE 2 ALTERNATIVE ASINGLE

LINE OF BOLTS TO BEAM WEB
FIGURE 3 ALTERNATIVE BDOUBLE

FIGURE 4 DOUBLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTING MEMBER
design guide 5
TYPICAL DETAILING OF
CONNECTION
3.2
Single angle cleat


FIGURE 5 ALTERNATIVE ASINGLE

FIGURE 6 ALTERNATIVE BDOUBLE

FIGURE 7 SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTING MEMBER
design guide 5
DETAILING CONSIDERATIONS
Angle component is a standard rolled equal or unequal angle (Grade 300). The
component is usually cropped or oxy-cut to length and the holes are usually punched.
Limitations in AS 4100 Section 14 (Ref. 1) apply to these operations.
Skew and raking beams cannot be accommodated.
Bolt holes are 2 mm larger than the nominal bolt diameter. Slotted or oversize holes are
not used because AS 4100 requires the use of either bolting category 8.8/TF or 8.8/TB for
such hole types.
In connections to column webs, the beam flange may also need to be coped (removed) to
allow the connection to be effected (Figure 8).
Fabrication of this type of connection requires close control in cutting the beam to length
and adequate consideration must be given to squaring the beam ends such that both
angle cleats are parallel and the effect of beam camber does not result in out-of-square
angle cleats which makes erection and field fit-up difficult.
The use of this connection for two-sided beam-to-beam connections should be considered
carefully. Installation of bolts in the supporting member can cause difficulties in this case.
When unequal sized beams are used, special coping of the bottom flange of the smaller
beams may be required to prevent it fouling the bolts (Figure 9).
Since the angle cleat is intended to behave flexibly, damage of the cleat during transport
is not normally of concern and may be rectified on site.
The connection has some facility for site adjustment during erection. In a run of beams, a
slightly shorter beam may be detailed and supplied with packs of varying thickness in
order to take up any accumulation of tolerances.
For coped beams, the top of the end plate and the bottom of the top flange cope cut
should coincide.
10
Check angle cleat component width to ensure that it will fit between fillets of column
section when connecting to column web (Figure 8).
11
In connections to column webs, a check must be made on the length of bolt to be used to
ensure sufficient clearance is available between the angle cleat and the inside of the
column flange, to permit the bolts to be installed (Figure 8).
12
Erection clearances must be especially considered because of the necessity to angle

beams into place during erection. This consideration is most important for the case of a
series of beams in the one row, all connected between the same main supporting
members.
13
If beams of different web thickness are connected to opposite sides of a supporting

member web (column or beam), the difference in web thickness must be kept to 2 mm to
allow the bolt gauge to be set to suit both supported member webs.
14
The bolt gauge for double angle cleat connections is usually set at around 140 mm with
s g3 set at 65 mm. This will accommodate web thicknesses from 6 mm to 14 mm, which
caters for most rolled section supported members.
15
The angle cleat is a good connection in terms of its facility for site adjustment. The two
sets of bolts are both placed in clearance holes allowing slight adjustment in two
directions before the bolts are tightened. In addition to this, packs can be placed between
the cleats and the supported member if required.
16
With two sided connections that share a common set of bolts, the shop bolts (or site bolts)
should be placed with heads in opposite directions in the webs of the connecting pair of
beams and the site bolts placed as shown in Figure 10. In some cases, it may be
necessary to place the nut over the hole and turn the bolt into the nut.
design guide 5
FIGURE 8 COPING BEAM FLANGE(S) FOR COLUMN WEB CONNECTION
FIGURE 9 COPING BEAM BOTTOM FLANGE TO CLEAR BOLTS

(after Ref. 5)
FIGURE 10 TYPICAL BOLT PLACEMENT

(after Ref. 5)
design guide 5
COMPLIANCE WITH AS 4100

REQUIREMENTS FOR
CONNECTIONS
The angle cleat is notionally a FLEXIBLE CONNECTION within the terms of AS 4100, which is
discussed in Section 2.2 of Handbook 1 of this Publication. The requirements for any design
model are specified in Clause 9.1.3 of AS 4100 (Ref. 1) which is discussed in Section 2.3 of
Handbook 1.
The ductility necessary in the angle cleat connection is provided by the following factors:
deformation of the bolts along their axis;
deformation of the angle cleat by flexing out of plane, pulling in towards the beam and local
deformation of the cleat around the bolt (Figure 11);
slippage of the cleat horizontally as the plate deforms.
It is considered that the available testing data indicate that sufficient ductility is present from
these sources for the angle cleat connection to qualify as suitable for simple construction terms
of the requirements of AS 4100, provided that all the requirements of this design model
particularly the limitation on supported member rotation and the geometrical limitations
specifiedare complied with.
FIGURE 11 DEFORMATION OF THE ANGLE CLEAT

(after Ref. 4)
design guide 5
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Research information
The following list of references relate to the testing of the angle cleat connection. The reported
behaviour and design recommendations contained in these references were considered in
formulating the design model used in this Design Guide.
Pham and Mansell
(Refs. 6, 7)
Kulak, Fisher and Struik
(Ref. 8)
Munse et al
(Refs. 9, 10)
Lipson
(Refs. 11, 12)
Testing of angle cleat connections has been conducted by Munse et al (Refs. 9, 10) and Lipson
(Refs. 11, 12). Kulak, Fisher and Struik have summarised this and other work in Reference 8,
commenting that experiments have indicated that most of the rotation of the connection comes
from the deformation of the angles; fastener deformations play only a minor role. To minimise
rotational resistance, the thickness of the angle should be kept to a minimum and a relatively
large gauge provided.
Kulak, Fisher and Struik (Ref. 8) comment that most web angle connections are checked only
for their shear-carrying capacity, that is, the relatively small amount of moment present is
neglected Fasteners are assumed to be subject to shear forces only; the tensile forces
introduced by deformation of the angles are neglected. However, the effect of shear forces
acting eccentrically should be included unless distances are small.
The testing by Munse et al and Lipson generally supports the design model recommended.
Australian testing of this connection has been reported in Refs. 6 and 7. In these tests, the
angle cleat connections were tested in pure shear at the support face. In Ref. 6 it was reported
that the angle cleat distorted appreciably and local distortion occurred around the bolt holes and
it was noted that the connection possesses sufficient ductility to justify the type of design model
presented herein.
In Ref. 7, considerable elongation of the bolt holes was also observed with a failure through
tear-out at the bottom bolt being reported in two cases (both with end distances in the beam
web of 1.50 bolt diameter) highlighting the importance of the design procedure in the
recommended design model to guard against this occurrence.
design guide 5
BASIS OF DESIGN MODEL

DOUBLE ANGLE CLEATS
Double angle cleats

The recommended design model in this Design Guide treats the angle cleats as an extension of
the supported beam web.
The American Institute of Steel Construction (Ref. 5) and the British Steel Construction Institute
(Ref. 4) adopt a similar design model, with similar assumptions to the recommended design
model.
The design capacity of the bolt group connecting the angle cleats to the supporting member is
based on the assumption that the bolts are loaded in vertical shear only. The design expression
is based on Section 3.6 of Handbook 1.
The design capacity of the bolt group connecting the angle cleats to the supported member is
based on the assumption that the bolt group is subject to eccentric shear force acting at the
face of the supporting member. The design expression is based on Section 3.9 of Handbook 1,
and involves consideration of the following:
(i)
the bolt group being loaded in eccentric shear with the design capacity being derived
using the method of Section 3.9 of Handbook 1, this design capacity being limited by the
bolt shear capacity, bearing on the component and on the supported member web (even
though hole distortion is an inherent part of providing rotational ductility in the
connection).
(ii)
end plate tear-out at the most heavily loaded bolt being checked using the component of
force in the vertical direction with any end distances (including holes) in the vertical
direction and the component of force in the horizontal direction with any end distances in
the horizontal direction. The expressions on which the design capacity are based are also
derived in Section 3.9 of Handbook 1.
The expressions for the design capacities of the angle cleat component in shear and under
moment are taken directly from the expressions given in Section 5.4 of Handbook 1, the latter
being derived from the design moment capacity (M si ) divided by the eccentricity (e). Likewise,
the expression for the design capacity in block shear is taken from Section 5.4 of Handbook 1.
The design capacity of the supported member in shear and in bending for coped supported
members use the expressions derived in Section 6.2 to 6.6 of Handbook 1, again assuming that
the end reaction acts at the face of the supporting member. The design capacity in block shear
is intended to guard against the possibility of that type of failure in the web of a coped
supported member. This phenomenon is discussed in detail in Section 6.9 of Handbook 1.
In Reference 13, Carrato has compared Australian (Ref. 2) and American (Ref. 14) design
methods. He observed that the Australian method gave a lower design capacity and noted that
this is primarily due to consideration of horizontal tear-out in the web of the supported member
in the Australian design method. Carrato considers such tear-out as highly unlikely for five
different reasons. The other minor differences between the two design methods noted by
Carrato are considered by him not to influence the final design of the connection.
Since the bolts in the supported member web are considered to be eccentrically loaded in the
recommended design model of Reference 2 and this Design Guide, a horizontal component of
force is applied to the bolts. AS 4100 requires that tear-out be considered in such a case. The
basis of the recommended design model in this Design Guide is consequently identical to that in
Reference 2, and is consistent with that for the web side plate connection in this respect as
contained in Handbook 1.
design guide 5
BASIS OF DESIGN MODEL

SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT
Single angle cleat

The recommended design model in this Design Guide treats the angle cleat as an extension of
the supported beam web.
The American Institute of Steel Construction (Ref. 5) adopts a similar design model, with similar
assumptions to the recommended design model. The British Steel Construction Institute (Ref. 4)
does not have a design model for a single angle cleat.
The design capacity of the bolt group connecting the angle cleat to the supporting member is
based on the assumption that the bolts are loaded in eccentric shear force. The design
expression is based on Section 3.9 of Handbook 1 for an eccentricity equal to the distance
between the centre of the supported member web and the centre of the bolt group.
The design capacity of the bolt group connecting the angle cleat to the supported member is
based on the assumption that the bolt group is subject to eccentric shear force acting at the
face of the supporting member. The design expression is based on Section 3.9 of Handbook 1.
The design expressions for both bolt groups involves consideration of the following:
(i)
the bolt group being loaded in eccentric shear with the design capacity being derived
using the method of Section 3.9 of Handbook 1, this design capacity being limited by the
bolt shear capacity, bearing on the component and on the supported member web (even
though hole distortion is an inherent part of providing rotational ductility in the
connection).
(ii)
end plate tear-out at the most heavily loaded bolt being checked using the component of
force in the vertical direction with any end distances (including holes) in the vertical
direction and the component of force in the horizontal direction with any end distance in
the horizontal direction. The expressions on which the design capacity are based are also
derived in Section 3.9 of Handbook 1.
The expressions for the design capacities of the angle cleat component in shear and under
moment are taken directly from the expressions given in Section 5.4 of Handbook 1, the latter
being derived from the design moment capacity (M si ) divided by the eccentricity (e). Likewise,
the expression for the design capacity in block shear is taken from Section 5.4 of Handbook 1.
The design capacity of the supported member in shear and in bending for coped supported
members use the expressions derived in Section 6.2 to 6.6 of Handbook 1, again assuming that
the end reaction acts at the face of the supporting member. The design capacity in block shear
is intended to guard against the possibility of that type of failure in the web of a coped
supported member. This phenomenon is discussed in detail in Section 6.9 of Handbook 1.
design guide 5
10
CONNECTION GEOMETRY
Angle components are assumed to be oriented such that:

(a)
one leg of the angle cleat component (leg ) is attached to the supporting member
through bolt group ;
(b)
the other leg of the angle cleat component (leg ) is attached to the beam web through
bolt group .
FIGURE 12 CONNECTION GEOMETRY

design guide 5
11
10
RECOMMENDED DESIGN
MODELDOUBLE ANGLE
CLEATSSUMMARY OF
CHECKS
Design is based on determining Vdes , the design capacity of the connection, which is the
minimum of the design capacities Va, Vb, Vc , Vd , V e, Vf, Vg, Vh.
The design requirement is then Vdes V* (design shear force).
From AS 4100, Clause 9.1.4(b)(ii) (Ref. 1) this connection must be designed for a minimum
design shear force of 40 kN, or 0.15 member design shear capacity, whichever is the lesser.
Summary of checksDouble angle cleats
10.1
DESIGN CHECK NO. 1
10.2
DESIGN CHECK NO. 2
Design capacity of bolts to supporting member
10.3
DESIGN CHECK NO. 3
Design capacity of bolts to supported member
10.4
DESIGN CHECK NO. 4
Design capacity of angle cleats (Shear, bending, block

shear)
10.5
DESIGN CHECK NO. 5
Design capacity of supported member (ShearUncoped or

coped)
10.6
DESIGN CHECK NO. 6
Design capacity of supported member (Block shearCoped

section)
10.7
DESIGN CHECK NO. 7
Design capacity of supported member (Bending of coped

section)
10.8
DESIGN CHECK NO. 8
Beam rotation check
10.9
DESIGN CHECK NO. 9
Local stability of coped supported member
10.10 DESIGN CHECK NO. 10 Local capacity of supporting member
design guide 5
12
10
RECOMMENDED DESIGN
MODELDOUBLE ANGLE
CLEATS

Detailing limitations (Refer Figure 12)

Bolts
M20 or M24 bolts

8.8/S bolting category
minimum 2 rows, maximum 9 rows of bolts
bolt gauge double angle cleats (2s g3 + twb) should be within the range of
11 18 nominal angle thickness (ti )
(Figure 12)
= max. 180, min. 110 for nominal 10 thick angle
= max. 144, min 88 for nominal 8 thick angle
Angle
Nominal 8 or 10 mm thick
Grade 300
minimum depth d i
0.5 supported member depth, d
edge distances (minimum)

(d f = bolt diameter)
1.5d f vertically
1.25d f horizontally
hole diameters
22 mm for M20
26 mm for M24
(Figure 12)
positioned as close as possible/practical to top flange or at cope extremities

maximum depth d i
Controlled by clearance requirement

(DESIGN CHECK NO. 8)
Supported member
Grades 300 / 350
design guide 5
13
10
RECOMMENDED DESIGN
MODELDOUBLE ANGLE
CLEATS

capacity of bolts to supporting
member
Based on formulae derived in Section 3.6 of Handbook 1.

Design capacity of bolts in group connected to support: one line of bolts in each cleat in
single shear
Va
= [2n p (Vdf); 2n p (Vba); 2n p (Vbc )]min
where
V df = [Vfn or V fx; 0.9 3.2 ti d f fui ; 0.9 3.2 tc d f fuc ]min
V ba = 0.9 a eyi ti fui
a eyi = [a e3; a e6 1] min
(Fig. 12)
a e3 = s p d h/2 1
(Fig. 12)
V bc = 0.9 a ec tc fuc
a ec = minimum vertical edge distance (including distance from centre of hole to hole
edge) in supporting memberusually a e3 (Fig. 12)
V fn = design capacity in shear for bolt with threads included in the shear plane (Table 10
of Handbook 1)
= 92.6 kN for M20 bolt, 8.8/S category
133 kN for M24 bolt, 8.8/S category
V fx = design capacity in shear for bolt with threads excluded from shear plane (Table 10
of Handbook 1)
= 129 kN for M20 bolt, 8.8/S category
fui
= tensile strength of angle cleat component
ti
= thickness of angle cleat component
fuc
= tensile strength of supporting member
tc
= thickness of supporting member
df
= bolt diameter
np
= number of bolt rows
sp
= bolt pitch
dh
= hole diameter
NOTE: Threads are normally assumed to be included in the shear plane unless specifically detailed so
that they can be considered excluded (refer to Design Guide 1).
Where packers are inserted between the leg and the support when shimming to length and
where such packers have a thickness > 6 mm (which is unlikely), Clause 9.3.2.5 of AS 4100
requires that the nominal shear capacity of the bolt (Vfn or Vfx as appropriate) be reduced by
15%. The thickness of the packing must not exceed 20 mm.
design guide 5
14
10
RECOMMENDED DESIGN
MODELDOUBLE ANGLE
CLEATS

capacity of bolts to supported
member
Based on formulae in Section 3.9 of Handbook 1.

Design capacity of bolts in group connected to supported member web: bolts in double
shear
10.3.1 Alternative ASingle line of bolts to supported member
Vb = [2Zb (Vdf); 2n p(V ev); 2n p Ze (Veh)]min
where
V df = [Vfn or V fx; 0.9 3.2 ti d f fui ; 0.9 3.2 t wb d f f uw/2]min
np
(np + 1)sp
6e 2
Zb =
Ze =
6e
1+
sp (np + 1)
e = s g1
0.9 a eyb t wb f uw
; 0.9a eyi t i f ui min
a eyi = [a e3; a e61]min

0.9 aexbt wb fuw
; 0.9 aexi t ifui min

V eh =
2
a eyb = [a e3; a e41]min
(Fig. 12)
a exi = (a e71)
a exb = (a e11)
(Fig. 12)
V ev =
10.3.2 Alternative BDouble line of bolts to supported member

Vb = [2Zb (Vdf); 4n p Zev (Vev); 4n pZeh(V eh)] min
where
V df = [Vfn or V fx; 0.9 3.2 ti d f fui ; 0.9 3.2 t wb d f f uw/2]min
2np
2
Zb
s pg =
Z eh =
2e / s g2
2e / s g2 spg
+
1 +
1 + 1 np + 1 1 2
1 + 1 np + 1 1 2
3 n 1 s
3 np 1 s pg
p
pg
(n
s g2
p
1) sp
e = s g1 + s g2 / 2
I bp
e (np 1) sp np
0.9 aeybt wb fuw
; 0.9aeyit ifui min

V ev =
2
np sp2
[(n 1) + 3(s
2
p
Ibp
Zev
1
= np e sg2
1 +
Ibp
g2
/ sp
)]
2
0.9 aexbt wb fuw

; 0.9 aexit ifui min
V eh =
2
a exb = [a e11, a e2]min

a exi = [a e2; a e71]min
a eyi = [a e3; a e61]min
a eyb = [a e3; a e41, a e51]min
a e3 = s pd h/21
a e2 = s g2d h/21
V fn , Vfxrefer to DESIGN CHECK NO. 2
fui = tensile strength of angle cleat component
ti
s p = bolt pitch
d f = bolt diameter
n p = number of bolt rows
fuw = tensile strength of supported member web
t wb = thickness of supported member web
d h = hole diameter
design guide 5
(Fig. 12)
(Fig. 12)
(Fig. 12)
15
10
RECOMMENDED DESIGN
MODELDOUBLE ANGLE
CLEATS

capacity of angle cleats (Shear,
Based on formulae in Section 5.4 of Handbook 1 and using notation therein.

Design capacity of angle cleat in shear:
Vc
= 2 0.9 0.5fyi d i ti = 0.90fyi ti d i
Design capacity of angle cleat in bending:
Vd
where e
= 2 M si /e
= s g1
M si = 2
0.9 fyit id i2
4
= 0.45 fyi ti d i2
single column of bolts, Alternative A
= s g1 + 0.5 s g2 double column of bolts, Alternative B

fyi
= yield stress of angle cleat component
ti
di
= depth of angle cleat component
Design capacity of angle cleat in block shear:
Ve
= 2 [Ant fui + 0.6fyi Agv]

NOTE: Check both legs ( and legs) of angles.
where
= 0.75 (Section 5.4 of Handbook 1)
fui
fyi
= yield stress of angle cleat component
Ant, A gv = areas as defined in Figure 13
,
Ant
Agv
lv
dh
ti
leg
= (a e7 0.5 d h)ti
= lv ti
= (n p1) s p+ a e6
= hole diameter
= thickness of angle
leg only
Ant = lt ti
Agv = lv t i
lv = (n p1) s p + a e6
lt = s g2 + a e7 1.5d h
d h = hole diameter
ti = thickness of angle
FIGURE 13 BLOCK SHEAR CAPACITY AREASDOUBLE ANGLE CLEATS

design guide 5
16
10
RECOMMENDED DESIGN
MODELDOUBLE ANGLE
CLEATS

Design capacity of supported member in shear:

Vf
= V vo for an uncoped beam
(Section 6.2 of Handbook 1)
= V ws for a single web coped beam
= V wd for a double web coped beam
Since the design moment at the connection will generally be less than 0.75Ms , the design
capacity in shear will not need to be reduced for the presence of moment (refer to Sections 6.2
6.6 of Handbook 1).
Uncoped beam (Section 6.2 of Handbook 1):
dp
82
V vo = 0.54 fyw A w provided
tw
fyw
250
where
dp
= depth of web panel = d 2tf
= depth of a section
tf
= thickness of flange of a section
tw
= thickness of the web of a section
Aw
= gross sectional area of the web of a section
(AS 4100 Clause 5.11.2)
= d p t w (for welded sections)

= dtw (for hot-rolled sections)
fyw
= yield stress of web of a section
Single web coped beam (Section 6.4 of Handbook 1):
V ws = 0.9 Vv =
1.08 fywd w t w
0.54fywd w t w
Qd
0 .9 + c w
Ix
dw
= depth of web remaining at cope
Qc
= first moment of area of section at cope
Ix
= second moment of area of section at cope
(AS 4100 Clause 5.11.3)
Double web coped beam (Section 6.6 of Handbook 1):
V wd = 0.45fyw t w d w
(terms as defined above)
design guide 5
17
10
RECOMMENDED DESIGN
MODELDOUBLE ANGLE
CLEATS

(Block shearCoped sections)
Design capacity of coped supported member in block shear:

Vg
where
= V bs
V bs is defined in Section 6.9 of Handbook 1

= [0.5Ant fuw+ 0.6 fyw Agv]
fuw
= tensile strength of web
fyw
= yield stress of web
Relevant areas Ant and Agv are defined as shown in Figure 14.
FIGURE 14 BLOCK SHEAR CAPACITY PARAMETERSSUPPORTED MEMBER

For both SWC and DWC: Ant = ltt w
Agv = lvt w
Single column of bolts:
Double column of bolts:
lt
= a e1 0.5d h
lv
= a e4 + (n p 1) s p
lt
= s g2 + a e1 1.5d h
lv
= ae4 + (n p 1) s p
design guide 5
18
10
RECOMMENDED DESIGN
MODELDOUBLE ANGLE
CLEATS

(Bending of coped sections)
Design capacity of coped supported member in bending:

Vh
= M ss/e v for a single web coped beam
= M sd/e v for a double web coped beam
where: e v = L c + (s g1 a e1)
= Lc + (s g1 a e1)
single column of bolts,

Alternative A (Fig. 15)
double column of bolts,
Alternative B (Fig. 15)
where M ss = design capacity of a single web coped section in bending

M sd = design capacity of a double web coped section in bending
M ss and M sd require consideration of the following:
design section capacity assuming that full plastic moment can be developed by the coped
section.
design section capacity considering local buckling of the coped section.
Formulae for both alternatives are presented in Sections 6.3 and 6.6 of Handbook 1 and are not
repeated here due to the extent of the equations involved.
FIGURE 15 BENDINGCOPED SUPPORTED MEMBER
design guide 5
19
10
RECOMMENDED DESIGN
MODELDOUBLE ANGLE
CLEATS

rotation check
In order that the supported member does not rotate to such an extent so that the bottom flange
sg1 ae1
a + 0.5d i
1
should be satisfied
touches the supporting member, the ratio
b or c
ac + 0.5d i
b
sg1 ae1
where b = beam rotation (refer Figure 16). Rotation is assumed to occur about the centre of the
bolt group, assumed to be at the centre of the cleat.
FIGURE 16 PARAMETERS FOR ROTATION CHECK

If this inequality is not satisfied, the simplest solution is to increase (s g1 a e1) in Figure 16 by
adjusting the gauge or the edge distance. This check is not of concern for the double web
coped beams, as the removal of the bottom flange removes any possibility of the bottom flange
touching.
design guide 5
20
10
RECOMMENDED DESIGN
MODELDOUBLE ANGLE
CLEATS

member
FIGURE 17 LOCAL STABILITY PARAMETERSCOPED SUPPORTED MEMBER

When the beam is restrained against lateral torsional buckling, no account need be taken of
stability of the coped section provided the following conditions are met (based on Ref. 4):
Single web coped beam (Figure 17(a))
d ct 0.5d
and
Lc d
Lc
for
730 10 6 d
(f )
yw
t
wb
for
f yw
t wb
d
t wb
900
>
900
f yw
Double web coped beam (Figure 17(b))
d ct, d cb 0.20d
and
Lc
Lc
for
730 10 6 d
(f )
yw
t
wb
for
f yw
t wb
d
t wb
900
>
900
f yw
where
t wb
= thickness of supported member web
fyw
= yield stress of supported member web
Where the length of the cope exceeds the above limits, suitable web reinforcement should be
providedrefer to Section 6.10 of Handbook 1.
This design check applies if the beam is restrained against lateral torsional buckling. Where
the beam is unrestrained against lateral torsional buckling, refer to Note 3 in Section 12 of this
Design Guide.
design guide 5
21
10
RECOMMENDED DESIGN
MODELDOUBLE ANGLE
CLEATS

FIGURE 18 SUPPORTING MEMBERS WITH SUPPORTED MEMBER ON ONE SIDE

Local shear design capacitySupporting member web (beam or column):
0.5V* 0.90 0.60fyc d b1 tc

OR
V*
1.08fyc d b1 tc
Local bearing design capacitySupporting member (beam or column):
0.5V *
[0.90 3.2 df tc fuc ; 0.9 a e2 tc fuc ]min
np
OR
V*
n p[5.76 d f tc f uc ; 1.8 a e2 tc f uc ]min
fuc
= tensile strength of supporting member (web or flange)
tc
= thickness of supporting member (web t w or flange tf)
fyc
= yield stress of supporting member (web or flange)
df
= bolt diameter
a e2
= (s p
dh
= hole diameter
d b1
= shear transfer depth
where
dh
1)
2
= e t + (n p 1)sp + e b
et
eb
sp
= minimum of (e t1; 5d f)
sg
; 5d f)
= minimum of (e b1;
2
sg
; 5d f)
= minimum of (
2
(Ref. 4)
supporting beam or column web
(Ref. 4)
supporting beam web
(Ref. 4)
supporting column web
(Ref. 4)
= bolt pitch
design guide 5
22
FIGURE 19 SUPPORTING MEMBERS WITH SUPPORTED MEMBERS ON TWO SIDES

n p2
0.5V1*
+ 0.5V2* 0.90 0.60fyc d b1 tc
n p1
V1*
OR
np2
np1
+ V2*
1.08fyc d b1 tc
Local bearing design capacitySupporting member web (beam or column):

0.5V1* 0.5V2*
+
n p1
n p2
V1* V2*
+
OR
np1 np2
[5.76 d f tc fuc ; 1.8 a e2 tc f uc ] min
where
fuc
= tensile strength of supporting member web
tc
= thickness of supporting member web tw
fyc
= yield stress of supporting member web
df
= bolt diameter
d
= (s p h 1)
2
a e2
dh
= hole diameter
d b1

= e t + (n p2 1)s p + e b
et
eb
sp
= minimum of (e t1; 5d f)
s
= minimum of (e b2; g ; s p; 5d f)
2
sg
= minimum of (
; s p; 5d f)
2
(Ref. 4)
supporting beam or column web (Ref. 4)
supporting beam web
(Ref. 4)
(Ref. 4)
= bolt pitch
design guide 5
23
11
RECOMMENDED DESIGN
MODELSINGLE ANGLE
CLEATSUMMARY OF CHECKS
Design is based on determining Vdes , the design capacity of the connection, which is the
minimum of the design capacities Va, Vb, Vc , Vd , V e, Vf, Vg, Vh.
The design requirement is then Vdes V* (design shear force).
From AS 4100 Clause 9.1.4(b)(ii) (Ref. 1), this connection must be designed for a minimum
design shear force of 40 kN, or 0.15 member design shear capacity, whichever is the lesser.
Summary of checksSingle angle cleat
11.1
DESIGN CHECK NO. 1
11.2
DESIGN CHECK NO. 2
Design capacity of bolts to supporting member
11.3
DESIGN CHECK NO. 3
Design capacity of bolts to supported member
11.4
DESIGN CHECK NO. 4
Design capacity of angle cleat (Shear, bending, block

shear)
11.5
DESIGN CHECK NO. 5
Design capacity of supported member (ShearUncoped or

coped)
11.6
DESIGN CHECK NO. 6
Design capacity of supported member (Block shearCoped

section)
11.7
DESIGN CHECK NO. 7
Design capacity of supported member (Bending of coped

section)
11.8
DESIGN CHECK NO. 8
Beam rotation check
11.9
DESIGN CHECK NO. 9
Local stability of coped supported member
11.10 DESIGN CHECK NO. 10 Local capacity of supporting member
design guide 5
24
11
RECOMMENDED DESIGN
MODELSINGLE ANGLE CLEAT

Detailing limitations (Refer Figure 12)
Bolts
M20 or M24 bolts

8.8/S bolting category
minimum 2 rows, maximum 9 rows of bolts
Angle
Nominal 8 or 10 mm thick
Grade 300
minimum depth di
0.5 supported member depth, d
edge distances (minimum)

(df = bolt diameter)
1.5d f vertically
1.25d f horizontally
hole diameters
22 mm for M20
26 mm for M24
(Fig. 12)
positioned as close as possible/practical to top flange or at cope extremities

maximum depth d i
Controlled by clearance requirement

(DESIGN CHECK NO. 8)
Supported member
Grades 300/350
design guide 5
25
11
RECOMMENDED DESIGN

capacity of bolts to supporting
member
Design capacity of bolts in group Connected to support: one line of bolts in single shear
Va
= [Zb ( Vdf); n p ( V ba); n p ( Vbc ); n p Ze ( Veh)]min
where
np
1 + (6e / s p (np + 1))
Zb
= s g3
V df = [ Vfn or V fx; 0.9 3.2 ti d f fui ; 0.9 3.2 tc d f fuc ]min

V ba = 0.9 a eyi ti fui
V bc = 0.9 a ec tc fuc
a eyi = [a e3; ae6 1] min
(Fig. 12)
a e3 = s p dh/2 1
(Fig. 12)
a ec = minimum vertical edge distance (including distance from centre of hole to hole
edge) in supporting memberusually a e3 (Fig. 12)
V eh = 0.9 ti fui (a e8 1)
Ze
(a e8 as shown in Fig. 12)
= s p (n p + 1)/6e
V fn = design capacity in shear for bolt with threads included in the shear plane (Table 10
of Handbook 1)
= 92.6 kN for M20 bolt, 8.8/S category

V fx = design capacity in shear for bolt with threads excluded from shear plane (Table 10
of Handbook 1)
= 129 kN for M20 bolt, 8.8/S category

fui
ti
fuc
= tensile strength of supporting member
tc
= thickness of supporting member
df
= bolt diameter
np
sp
= bolt pitch
dh
= hole diameter
NOTE: Threads are normally assumed to be included in the shear plane unless specifically detailed so
that they can be considered excluded (refer to Design Guide 1).
Where packers are inserted between the leg and the support when shimming to length and
where such packers have a thickness > 6 mm (which is unlikely), Clause 9.3.2.5 of AS 4100
requires that the nominal shear capacity of the bolt (Vfn or Vfx as appropriate) be reduced by
15%. The thickness of the packing must not exceed 20 mm.
design guide 5
26
11
RECOMMENDED DESIGN

capacity of bolts to supported
member

Design capacity of bolts in group Connected to supported member web: one line of
bolts in single shear
11.3.1 Alternative ASingle line of bolts to supported member
Vb = [Zb ( Vdf); n p ( V ev); n p Ze ( V eh)] min
where
V df = [ Vfn or V fx; 0.9 3.2 ti d f fui ; 0.9 3.2 t wb d f f uw]min
np
Zb
e =
V ev =
a eyi =
V eh =
aexi =
Ze
6e 2
1+
s p (np + 1)
s g1
[0.9 a eyb t wb fuw ; 0.9 a eyi ti fui ]min
[a e3; ae6 1] min
[0.9 a exb t wb fuw ; 0.9 a exi ti fui ]min
(ae7 1)
(np + 1)sp
a eyb = [a e3; a e4 1] min
(Fig. 12)
a exb = (a e1 1)
(Fig. 12)
6e
11.3.2 Alternative BDouble line of bolts to supported member

Vb = [Zb ( Vdf); 2n p Zev ( Vev); 2n pZeh( Veh)]min
where
V df = [ Vfn or V fx; 0.9 3.2 ti d f fui ; 0.9 3.2 t wb d f f uw]min
2np
2
Zb
s pg
2e / s g2
2e / s g2 s pg
+
1 +
2
2
1 np + 1 1
1 np + 1 1
1 +
1+

3 np 1 s pg
3 np 1 s pg
(n
s g2
p
1)sp
I bp
6e (np 1)sp
e = s g1 + s g2 / 2
Ibp
np sp2
6
[(n 1) + 3(s
2
p
g2
/ sp
)]
2
= np e sg2
1 +
Ibp
= [0.9 a exb t wb fuw ; 0.9 a exi ti fui ]min

= [ae1 1, a e2 ] min
(Fig. 12)
= [ae3; a e4 1, a e5 1]min (Fig. 12)
= s g2 dh/2 1
(Fig. 12)
Z eh
V ev
a exi
a eyi
a e3
V fn ,
fui
ti
sp
df
np
fuw
t wb
dh
= [0.9 a eyb t wb fuw ; 0.9 a eyi ti fui ]min

V eh
= [a e2; ae7 1] min
a exb
= [a e3; ae6 1] min
a eyb
= s p dh/2 1
a e2
Vfxrefer to DESIGN CHECK NO. 2
= bolt pitch
= bolt diameter
= tensile strength of supported member web
= hole diameter
Zev
design guide 5
27
11
RECOMMENDED DESIGN

capacity of angle cleat (Shear,
Based on formulae in Section 5.4 of Handbook 1 and using notation therein.
Vc = 0.9 0.5fyi d i ti = 0.45fyi ti d i

Vd = M si /e
where
e = s g1
Msi = 0.9
fyit id i2
4
= 0.225 fyi ti d i2
single column of bolts, Alternative A
= s g1 + 0.5 s g2 double column of bolts, Alternative B

fyi = yield stress of angle cleat component
ti = thickness of angle cleat component
di = depth of angle cleat component
Ve = [A nt fui + 0.6fyi Agv]

NOTE: Check both legs ( and legs) of angle.
where
fui = tensile strength of angle cleat component

fyi = yield stress of angle cleat component
Ant, A gv = areas as defined in Figure 20
, leg
leg only
Ant = (a e7 0.5 d h)ti
Ant = lt ti
Agv = lv t i
Agv = lv t i
lv
= (n p 1) s p+ a e6
lv
= (n p 1) s p+ a e6
dh
= hole diameter
lt
= s g2 + a e7 1.5d h
ti
d h = hole diameter
ti
FIGURE 20 BLOCK SHEAR CAPACITY AREASSINGLE ANGLE CLEAT

design guide 5
28
11
RECOMMENDED DESIGN

Design capacity of supported member in shear:
Vf = V vo for an uncoped beam
= V ws for a single web coped beam
= V wd for a double web coped beam
Since the design moment at the connection will generally be less than 0.75 Ms , the design
capacity in shear will not need to be reduced for the presence of moment (refer to Sections 6.2
6.6 of Handbook 1).
Uncoped beam (Section 6.2 of Handbook 1):
dp
82
V vo = 0.54 fyw A w provided
tw
fyw
250
where: d p
(AS 4100 Clause 5.11.2)
= depth of web panel = d 2tf
= depth of a section
tf
= thickness of flange of a section
tw
= thickness of the web of a section
Aw
= gross sectional area of the web of a section

= dp t w (for welded sections)
= dtw (for hot-rolled sections)
fyw
= yield stress of web of a section
Single web coped beam (Section 6.4 of Handbook 1):
V ws = 0.9 Vv =
1.08 f yw d w t w
0.54f yw d w t w
Qd
0. 9 + c w
Ix
dw
= depth of web remaining at cope
Qc
= first moment of area of section at cope
Ix
= second moment of area of section at cope
(AS 4100 Clause 5.11.3)
Double web coped beam (Section 6.6 of Handbook 1):
V wd = 0.45fyw t w d w
design guide 5
29
11
RECOMMENDED DESIGN

(Block shearCoped sections)
Design capacity of coped supported member in block shear:
Vg
where
= V bs
V bs is defined in Section 6.9 of Handbook 1
= [0.5Ant fuw+ 0.6 fyw Agv]
fuw
= tensile strength of web
fyw
= yield stress of web
Relevant areas Ant and Agv are defined as shown in Figure 21.
FIGURE 21 BLOCK SHEAR CAPACITY PARAMETERSSUPPORTED MEMBER

For both SWC and DWC: Ant = ltt w
Agv = lvt w
Single column of bolts:
Double column of bolts:
lt
= a e1 0.5d h
lv
= a e4 + (n p 1) s p
lt
= s g2 + a e1 1.5d h
lv
= a e4 + (n p 1) s p
design guide 5
30
11
RECOMMENDED DESIGN

(Bending of coped sections)
Design capacity of coped supported member in bending:
Vh
= M ss/e v for a single web coped beam
= M sd/e v for a double web coped beam
where: e v = L c + (s g1 ae1)
= Lc + (s g1 ae1)
where
single column of bolts,

Alternative A (Fig. 22)
double column of bolts,
Alternative B (Fig. 22)
M ss = design capacity of a single web coped section in bending

M sd = design capacity of a double web coped section in bending
M ss and M sd require consideration of the following:
design section capacity assuming that full plastic moment can be developed by the coped
section.
design section capacity considering local buckling of the coped section.
Formulae for both alternatives are presented in Sections 6.3 and 6.6 of Handbook 1 and are not
repeated here due to the extent of the equations involved.
FIGURE 22 BENDINGCOPED SUPPORTED MEMBER
design guide 5
31
11
RECOMMENDED DESIGN

rotation check
In order that the supported member does not rotate to such an extent so that the bottom flange
sg1 ae1
a + 0.5d i
1
touches the supporting member, the ratio
should be satisfied
b or c
ac + 0.5d i
sg1 ae1
b
where b = beam rotation (refer Figure 23). Rotation is assumed to occur about the centre of the
bolt group, assumed to be at the centre of the cleat.
FIGURE 23 PARAMETERS FOR ROTATION CHECK

If this inequality is not satisfied, the simplest solution is to increase (s g1 a e1) in Figure 23 by
adjusting the gauge or the edge distance. This check is not of concern for the double web
coped beams, as the removal of the bottom flange removes any possibility of the bottom flange
touching.
design guide 5
32
11
RECOMMENDED DESIGN

member
FIGURE 24 LOCAL STABILITY PARAMETERSCOPED SUPPORTED MEMBER

When the beam is restrained against lateral torsional buckling, no account need be taken of
stability of the coped section provided the following conditions are met (based on Ref. 4):
Single web coped beam (Figure 24(a))
d ct 0.5d
Lc d
Lc
for
730 10 6 d
(f )
yw
t
wb
d
t wb
900
f yw
for d > 900

t wb
f yw
Double web coped beam (Figure 24(b))
d ct, dcb 0.20d

Lc
Lc
for
730 106 d
(f )
yw
t
wb
900
d
t wb
f yw
for d > 900

twb
f yw
where
t wb
fyw
= yield stress of supported member web
Where the length of the cope exceeds the above limits, suitable web reinforcement should be
providedrefer to Section 6.10 of Handbook 1.
This design check applies if the beam is restrained against lateral torsional buckling. Where
the beam is unrestrained against lateral torsional buckling refer to Note 3 in Section 12 of this
Design Guide.
design guide 5
33
11
RECOMMENDED DESIGN

FIGURE 25 SUPPORTING MEMBERS WITH SUPPORTED MEMBER ON ONE SIDE

OR
V*
0.90 0.60 fyc d b1 tc
V*
0.54 fyc d b1 tc
Local bearing design capacitySupporting member (beam or column):
V*
np
OR
V*
n p[2.88 d f tc f uc ; 0.9 a e2 tc f uc ]min
fuc
= tensile strength of supporting member (web or flange)
tc
= thickness of supporting member (web t w or flange tf)
fyc
= yield stress of supporting member (web or flange)
df
= bolt diameter
where
a e2 = (s p
dh
dh
1)
2
= hole diameter
d b1 = shear transfer depth

= e t + (n p 1)sp + e b
(Ref. 4)
et
= minimum of (et1; 5df)
(Ref. 4)
eb
= minimum of (eb1; 5df)
supporting beam web
(Ref. 4)
= 5d f
(Ref. 4)
sp
= bolt pitch
design guide 5
34
FIGURE 26 SUPPORTING MEMBERS WITH SUPPORTED MEMBERS ON TWO SIDES

V1*
OR
V1*
np2
np1
np2
np1
+ V2* 0.90 0.60 fyc d b1 tc
+ V2* 0.54 fyc d b1 tc
Local bearing design capacitySupporting member web (beam or column):

V1* V2*
+
np1 np2
V1* V2*
+
np1 np2
[2.88 d f tc fuc ; 0.9 a e2 tc f uc ] min
where
fuc
= tensile strength of supporting member web
tc
= thickness of supporting member web tw
fyc
= yield stress of supporting member web
df
= bolt diameter
d
= (s p h 1)
2
a e2
dh
= hole diameter
d b1

= e t + (n p2 1)s p + e b
(Ref. 4)
et
= minimum of (e t1; 5df)
(Ref. 4)
eb
= minimum of (e b2; s p; 5d f)
supporting beam web
(Ref. 4)
= minimum of (s p; 5df)
(Ref. 4)
sp
= bolt pitch
design guide 5
35
12
OTHER DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
(1)
Column design moment ( M c* ) is given by:
M c* = V*(e c + twc /2)/1000 kNm
= V*(ec + d c/2)/1000 kNm
connection to column web

connection to column flange
where ec = e as defined in Sections 10.2 and 11.2 but must be 100 mm (AS 4100
Clause 4.3.4)
t wc = column web thickness (mm)
d c = column depth (mm)
(2)
Connection components and coped sections are generally so short that lateral torsional
buckling of the connection elements and coped section will not occur.
(3)
Coping of beam ends may reduce the elastic critical buckling moment of a laterally
unsupported flexural member.
In AS 4100, no specific guidance is given about the effect of web coping on the buckling
capacity of a laterally unrestrained coped beam, but it would be prudent to either perform
a buckling analysis (permitted by Clause 5.6.4) or assume only partial restraint at the
coped end when calculating the twist restraint factor (k t) and the lateral restraint factor (kr)
when using Clause 5.6.3. A k r value of 1.0 should always be used for supported members
connected by angle cleats only, whether the members are coped or uncoped due to the
lack of restraint to the top flange.
Some references relevant to this matter are discussed in Section 6.8 of Handbook 1.
Specific guidance is available in Ref. 4.
design guide 5
36
13
REFERENCES
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA, AS 41001998 Steel structures.
AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, Design of structural

connections, 4th edition, Authors Hogan, T.J. and Thomas, I.R., Editor Syam, A.A., 1994.
AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF
connections, 3rd edition, 1985.
STEEL CONSTRUCTION INSTITUTE AND BRITISH CONSTRUCTIONAL STEELWORK

ASSOCIATION, Joints in steel construction: Simple connections, Publication P212,
2002.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, Steel construction manual, 13th

edition, 2005.
Mansell, D.S. and Pham, L. Testing of standardized connections, Institution of Engineers

Australia, Metal Structures Conference 1981, Proceedings, pp. 107112.
Pham, L. and Mansell, D.S. Testing of standardized connections, Australian Welding

Research, Vol. 11, December 1982, pp. 1522.
Kulak, G.L., Fisher, J.W. and Struik, J.H.A. Guide to design criteria for bolted and riveted
joints, 2 nd edition (2001 Published by American Institute of Steel Construction).
Munse, W.H., Bell, W.G. and Chesson, E. Behaviour of riveted and bolted beam-tocolumn connections, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 85, No. ST3, March
1959, p. 29.
10
Lewitt, C, Chesson, E. and Munse, W. Restraint characteristics of flexible riveted and

bolted beam-to-column connections, Univ of Illinois Engineering Exp. Station, Bulletin
500, 1969.
11
Lipson, S.P. Single-angle and single-plate beam framing connections Canadian

Structural Engineering Conference, Proceedings (1 st), University of Toronto, 1968, p. 141.
12
Lipson, S.L. Single-angle welded-bolted connections, Journal of the Structural Division,

ASCE, Vol. 103, No. ST3, March 1977, pp.559572.
13
Carrato, P.J., A comparison of Australian and American design of double angle

connections, Engineering Journal, American Institute of Steel Construction, 3 rd Quarter,
2003, pp.139147.
14
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, Manual of steel construction load

and resistance factor design, 3 rd Edition, 2001.
STEEL
CONSTRUCTION,
design guide 5
Standardized
structural
37
14
DESIGN EXAMPLES

Connection capacity with singlesided double AC connection to
supporting column
FIGURE 27 SINGLE-SIDED DOUBLE AC CONNECTION TO SUPPORTING COLUMN

Design parameters
Angle cleats
d i = 280 mm
ti
= 7.8 mm
s p = 70 mm
200UC59.5
(Grade 300)
=2
fyi
= 320 MPa
fui
= 440 MPa
s g1
= 65 mm
s g3
= 65 mm
ae6 1 = 34 mm
a e7 1 = 34 mm
ae8 1 = 34 mm
22
a e3
= 70
1 = 58 mm
2
np = 4
410UB53.7
(Grade 300)
nc
t wb = 7.6 mm
fuw
s g1 = 65 mm
a e1 1 = 44 mm
= 440 MPa fyw = 320 MPa
= 403 mm
a e2 not relevant (single line of bolts)
ae4 not relevant (uncoped)
L c = 0 (uncoped)
a e5 not relevant (uncoped)
fyc = 300 MPa
fuc = 440 MPa
tc
et = [100; 100]min = 100 mm
e b = [69; 100]min = 69 mm
= 14.2 mm
db1 = 100 + (4 1) 70 + 69 = 379 mm

Bolts
M20 bolts 8.8/S category, threads included in shear plane

4 M20 bolts in 8.8N/S category in each leg in 22 dia. holes
d f = 20 mm
d h = 22 mm
V fn = 92.6 kN
Design eccentricity, e = 65 mm
DESIGN CHECK NO. 1
M20 bolts 8.8/S category
Bolts
np = 4 9
>2
sg =
Angle
(2s g3 + twb) = 138 mm
144 mm maximum
88 mm minimum
COMPLIES
COMPLIES
ti = 8 mm (Nom.)
COMPLIES
d i = 280 mm > 0.5 403 = 201.5 mm
COMPLIES
all edge distances (a e6, ae7, ae8) > 1.5 20 = 30 mm
COMPLIES
Grade 300
COMPLIES
design guide 5
38
DESIGN CHECK NO. 2

Design capacity of bolt group Connected to support:
V df = minimum of:
92.6 kN
0.9 3.2 7.8 20 440/10 3 = 198 kN
0.9 3.2 14.2 20 440/10 3 = 360 kN

= 92.6 kN
a eyi = [58; 34]min = 34 mm
a ec = 58 mm
V ba = 0.9 34 7.8 440/10 3

V bc = 0.9 58 14.2 440/10
Va
= 105 kN
3
= 2 4 92.6
= 326 kN
= 741 kN
DESIGN CHECK NO. 3

Design capacity of bolt group Connected to supported member web:
V df = minimum of: 92.6 kN
0.9 3.2 7.8 20 440/10 3 = 198 kN

0.9 3.2 7.6 20 440/(2 10 3) = 96.3 kN
= 92.6 kN
a eyi = [58; 34]min = 34 mm
a eyb = 58 mm (uncoped)
a exi = 34 mm
a exb = 44 mm
V ev = minimum of: 0.9 58 7.6 440/(2 10 ) = 87.3 kN

3
0.9 34 7.8 440/10 3
=105 kN
= 87.3 kN
V eh = minimum of: 0.9 44 7.6 440/(2 10 3) = 66.2 kN
0.9 34 7.8 440/10 3
= 105 kN
= 66.2 kN
np
= 4,
Zb
e = 65 mm,
np
6e 2
1+
(np + 1)sp
s p = 70 mm
for bolt group
6 65 2
1+
(5 70 )
= 2.67
Ze
= (n p + 1)s p/6e =
5 70/(6 65)
= 0.897
Vb
= minimum of:
2 2.67 92.6
= 494 kN
2 4 87.3
= 698 kN
2 4 0.897 66.2 = 475 kN

= 475 kN
design guide 5
39
DESIGN CHECK NO. 4

Vc
= 2 0.9 0.5 320 280 7.8/10 3 = 629 kN
Design capacity of angle cleat in bending ( e = 65 mm):

2 0.9 320 7.8 (280 )
= 1355 kN
4 65 10 3
Vd
Ant = (35 0.5 22) 7.8 = 187 mm2

Agv = ((4 1) 70 + 35) 7.8 = 1911 mm 2
Ve
= 2 0.75 [187 440 + 0.6 320 1911]/10 3 = 674 kN
DESIGN CHECK NO. 5

Design capacity of 410UB53.7 in shear:
Vf
= 0.9 0.6 320 403 7.6/10 3 = 529 kN
DESIGN CHECK NO. 6 Not required as beam is uncoped.

DESIGN CHECK NO. 8
s g1 = 65 mm
a e1 = 45 mm
a c = 403 100 210 35 = 58 mm
s g1 a e1 = 20 mm
0.5d i
= 140 mm
a c + 0.5 d i = 198 mm
Hence beam rotation b
20
= 0.101 radians
198
Check beam rotation under design loadunlikely to cause supported member to touch
supporting member, given value of b to cause touching.
DESIGN CHECK NO. 10 200UC59.5 column flangeLocal shear capacity check not required
V* 4 5.76 20 14.2 440/10 3
2880 kN
4 1.8 58 14.2 440/10
2609 kN
COMPLIES
DESIGN CAPACITY OF CONNECTION
Vdes = minimum of [741; 475; 629; 1355; 674; 529]
= 475 kN
> V* = 300 kN
design guide 5
40
14
DESIGN EXAMPLES

Connection capacity with singlesided single AC connection to
supporting beam
FIGURE 28 SINGLE-SIDED SINGLE AC CONNECTION TO SUPPORTING BEAM

Design parameters
Angle cleat
di
= 280 mm
nc
=1
fyi
= 320 MPa fui
ti
= 7.8 mm
s g1 = 65 mm
s g3
= 65 mm
sp
= 70 mm
t wb = 7.6 mm
fuw = 440 MPa
s g1 = 65 mm
610UB113
(Grade 300)
= 120 mm
d = 403 mm
a e4 1 = 34 mm
a e5 not relevant (not double coped)
fyc = 300 MPa

et
fyw = 320 MPa
a e1 1 = 44 mm
a e2 not relevant (single line)

Lc
a e6 1 = 34 mm
a e7 1 = 34 mm
ae8 1 = 34 mm
22
a e3 = 70
1 = 58 mm
2
np = 4
410UB53.7
(Grade 300)
= 440 MPa
tc
= 11.2 mm
= [100, 100]min = 100 mm
fuc
= 440 MPa
eb
= [292; 100]min = 100 mm
d b1 = 100 + (4 1) 70 + 100 = 410 mm

Bolts
M20 bolts 8.8/S category threads included in shear plane

4 M20 bolts in 8.8N/S category in each leg in 22 dia. holes
d f = 20 mm
d h = 22 mm
Design eccentricities, e = 65 mm
V fn = 92.6 kN
e = 65 mm
DESIGN CHECK NO. 1

Bolts
M20 bolts 8.8/S category
np = 4 9
>2
Angle
COMPLIES
ti = 8 mm (Nom.)
COMPLIES
d i = 280 mm 0.5 403 = 201.5 mm
COMPLIES
all edge distances (ae6, ae7, ae8) > 1.5 20 = 30 mm
COMPLIES
Grade 300
COMPLIES
design guide 5
41
DESIGN CHECK NO. 2

Design capacity of bolt group Connected to support:
0.9 3.2 7.8 20 440/10 3 = 198 kN

0.9 3.2 11.2 20 440/10 3 = 284 kN

a eyi
V ba
V bc
= 92.6 kN
= [58; 34]min = 34 mm
a ec = 58 mm
3
= 105 kN
= 0.9 34 7.8 440/10
3
= 257 kN
= 0.9 58 11.2 440/10
V eh = 0.9 34 7.8 440/10 3

= 65 mm
np = 4
e
Zb
Ze
Va
= 105 kN
= 2.67
= 0.897
= minimum of: 2.67 92.6
s p = 70 mm
= 247 kN
4 105
= 420 kN
4 257
= 1029 kN
4 0.897 105
= 377 kN
= 247 kN
DESIGN CHECK NO. 3
Design capacity of bolt group Connected to supported member web:
0.9 3.2 7.8 20 440/10 3 = 198 kN

0.9 3.2 7.6 20 440/10 3 = 193 kN
a eyi
V ev
V eh
= 92.6 kN
= [58; 34]min = 34 mm
a eyb = [58, 34]min = 34 mm a exi = 34 mm
= 102 kN
= minimum of: 0.9 34 7.6 440/10 3
3
= 105 kN
0.9 34 7.8 440/10
= 102 kN
= minimum of: 0.9 44 7.6 440/10 3
0.9 34 7.8 440/10
a exb = 44 mm
= 132 kN
= 105 kN
Zb
= 105 kN
= 2.67
Ze = 0.897
Vb
= minimum of:
2.67 92.6
= 247 kN
4 102
= 409 kN
4 0.897 105
= 377 kN
= 247 kN
DESIGN CHECK NO. 4
Vc
= 0.9 1 0.5 320 280 7.8/10 3 = 314 kN

0.9 1 320 7.8 (280 )
= 677 kN
4 65 10 3
2
Vd
Agv
= (35 0.5 22) 7.8 = 187 mm2

= ((4 1) 70 + 35) 7.8 = 1911 mm 2
Ve
= 0.75 [187 440 + 0.6 1911 320]/10 3 = 337 kN
Ant
design guide 5
42
DESIGN CHECK NO. 5 Single web coped beam
Vf
= V ws = 387 kN
(Table 33A in Handbook 1)
DESIGN CHECK NO. 6 Single web coped beam, Single line of bolts
Design capacity of 410UB53.7 in block shear:
Ant = (45 0.5 22) 7.6 = 258 mm2

Agv = (35 + (4 1) 70) 7.6 = 1862 mm2
Vg
= 0.75 [0.5 258 440 + 0.6 320 1862]/10 3

= 311 kN

Design capacity 410UB53.7 in bending
M ss = 97.2 kNm
ev
Vh
(Table 33A in Handbook 1)
= (120 + 65 45) = 140 mm

97.2 10 3
=
= 694 kN
140
DESIGN CHECK NO. 8
s g1 = 65 mm
a e1 = 45 mm
s g1 a e1 = 20 mm
a c = 403 100 210 35 = 58 mm
0.5d i
= 140 mm
a c + 0.5 d i = 198 mm
Hence beam rotation b
20
= 0.101 radians
198
d ct = 65 mm
d
0.5 403
= 403 mm
= 201.5 mm
t wb = 7.6 mm
L c = 120 mm
730 10 6 403
( 320 )
COMPLIES
d/t wb = 53 >
900
= 50.3
320
COMPLIES
= 345 mm
53.0 3
DESIGN CHECK NO. 10 610UB113
V* = 180 kN
0.90 0.60 300 410 11.2/10 3
= 744 kN
4 2.88 20 11.2 440/10
= 1135 kN
4 0.9 58 11.2 440/10
= 1029 kN
COMPLIES
DESIGN CAPACITY OF CONNECTION
Vdes = minimum of [247; 247; 314; 677; 337; 387; 311; 694]
= 247 kN
> V* = 180 kN
design guide 5
43
15
DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES
15.1 Configuration ADouble angle

supported member
Component
: 100 100 8 EA Grade 300
Bolts
: M20 8.8/S bolting category (threads included in the shear plane)
Note
: * 100 used for a dimension for all sections except 200UB, 200UC, 200PFC
FIGURE 29 GEOMETRY CONFIGURATION ADOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT SINGLE LINE OF

BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER
design guide 5
44
TABLE 1
ANGLE CLEAT DESIGN CAPACITY TABLECONFIGURATION A

DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER
MEMBER > 500 MM DEEP
Supported
member
Coping on
member
1200WB
O
SWC
DWC
1000WB
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
1415
1375
1361
1415
1063
1055
1258
1224
1210
1258
946
937
1064
1064
1058
1064
829
820
800WB
O
SWC
DWC
1272
886
879
1258
789
781
1064
691
684
869
593
586
700WB
O
SWC
DWC
1105
789
781
1064
691
684
869
593
586
679
495
488
610UB125
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
1064
798
787
1064
751
741
1064
754
748
869
685
675
870
645
635
870
647
641
679
573
562
679
539
529
679
540
534
870
623
617
870
586
581
679
520
514
679
489
484
900WB
610UB113
610UB101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
n=8
N = 24
1258
1224
1210
Design capacity (kN)

n=7
n=6
N = 21
N = 18
n=9
N = 27
1415
1375
1361
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
n=5
N = 15
n=4
N = 12
495
417
411
495
393
387
NOTES:
Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS 1 to 6 only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be
carried out in addition.
N(= n b )
Total number of bolts in n (= n p ) rows
Uncoped
SWC
Single web coped
DWC
Double web coped
Empty spaces to right of bold linecomponent depth is less than 50% beam depth, configuration not
recommended.
Empty spaces to left of bold linecomponent will not fit into supported member web with a = 100.
Component : 100 100 8 EA Grade 300

Bolts
Dimensions : Refer to Figure 29, a = 100 mm
design guide 5
45
TABLE 2

MEMBER > 350 MM BUT < 500 MM DEEP
Supported
member
Coping on
member
460UB 82.1
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
460UB 74.6
460UB 67.1
410UB 59.7
410UB 53.7
380PFC
360UB 56.7
360UB 50.7
360UB 44.7
n=5
N = 15
679
505
499
679
464
459
667
433
428
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC

n=4
n=3
N = 12
N=9
495
405
399
495
372
367
495
348
343
488
319
315
475
311
306
495
410
403
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
n=2
N=6
293
240
236
285
234
230
324
308
302
300
246
242
274
225
221
259
213
209
NOTES:
Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS 1 to 6 only. DESIGN
CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried out in addition.
N(= n b)
Total number of bolts in n(= n p) rows
Uncoped
SWC
Single web coped
DWC
Double web coped
Empty spaces to right of bold linecomponent depth is less than 50%

beam depth, configuration not recommended.
Empty spaces to left of bold linecomponent will not fit into supported
member web with a = 100.
Bolts
design guide 5
46
TABLE 3

Supported
member
Coping on
member
310UB 46.2
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O, SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC

n=3
n=2
N=9
N=6
251
206
203
229
188
185
206
169
166
300
246
242
324
324
324
324
324
324
305
299
O, SWC
DWC
O, SWC
DWC
O, SWC
DWC
O, SWC
DWC
O, SWC
DWC
O, SWC
DWC
120
120
115
115
93.8
93.8
150
150
176
176
161
161
310UB 40.4
310UB 32.0
300PF C
310UC 158
310UC 137
310UC 118
310UC 96.8
250UB 37.3
250UB 31.4
250UB 25.7
250PF C
250UC 89.5
250UC 72.9
NOTES:
Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS 1 to 6

only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried out in addition.
N(= n b )
Total number of bolts in n(= n p ) rows
Uncoped
SWC
Single web coped
DWC
Double web coped
Empty spaces to right of bold linecomponent depth is less than

50% beam depth, configuration not recommended.
Empty spaces to left of bold linecomponent will not fit into
supported member web with a = 100.

Bolts

design guide 5
47
TABLE 4

MEMBER 200 MM DEEP
NOTE: a = 70 for these sections.
Supported
member
Coping on
member
200UB 29.8
O, SWC

n=2
N=6
118
DWC
118
O, SWC
109
DWC
109
O, SWC
94
DWC
94
O, SWC
84
DWC
84
O, SWC
122
DWC
122
O, SWC
112
DWC
112
O, SWC
174
DWC
174
O, SWC
150
DWC
150
O, SWC
137
DWC
137
200UB 25.4
200UB 22.3
200UB 18.2
230PFC
200PFC
200UC 59.5
200UC 52.2
200UC 46.2
NOTES:
only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried out in
addition.
N(= n b )
Total number of bolts in n(= np ) rows
Uncoped
SWC
Single web coped
DWC
Double web coped

Bolts
design guide 5
48
15
15.2 Configuration BDouble angle

supported member
Component
: 150 100 10 UA Grade 300
Bolts
Note
FIGURE 30 GEOMETRY CONFIGURATION BDOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT DOUBLE LINE OF

design guide 5
49
TABLE 5
ANGLE CLEAT DESIGN CAPACITY TABLECONFIGURATION B

DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT DOUBLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER
Supported
member
Coping on
member
1200WB

n=7
n=6
N = 28
N = 24
n=9
N = 36
1667
n=8
N = 32
1482
SWC
DWC
1475
1361
1324
1210
1000WB
1667
1482
1297
900WB
SWC
DWC
O
1475
1361
1667
1324
1210
1482
1173
1058
1297
SWC
DWC
1139
1055
1021
937
904
820
1272
1272
1272
1111
SWC
DWC
949
879
851
781
754
684
656
586
1105
1105
1105
926
SWC
DWC
851
781
754
684
656
586
558
488
1180
872
787
1101
821
741
1103
820
748
1111
760
675
1101
715
635
1103
714
641
926
647
562
926
609
529
926
607
534
939
687
617
876
646
581
926
584
514
876
549
484
800WB
700WB
610UB 125
610UB 113
610UB 101
530UB 92.4
530UB 82.0
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
n=5
N = 20
n=4
N = 16
741
481
411
741
453
387
NOTES:
N(= n b )
Uncoped
SWC
Single web coped
DWC
Double web coped
recommended.
Component : 150 100 10 UA Grade 300

Bolts

design guide 5
50
TABLE 6

n=4
n=3
N = 16
N = 12
741
Supported
member
Coping on
member
460UB82.1
n=5
N = 20
787
460UB74.6
SWC
DWC
O
567
499
719
467
399
719
460UB67.1
SWC
DWC
O
521
459
667
429
367
667
SWC
DWC
487
428
401
343
410UB59.7
547
449
410UB53.7
SWC
DWC
O
368
315
529
289
236
438
380PFC
SWC
DWC
O
358
306
657
282
230
504
SWC
DWC
467
403
371
302
360UB56.7
461
360UB50.7
SWC
DWC
O
297
242
421
360UB44.7
SWC
DWC
O
271
221
397
SWC
DWC
256
209
n=2
N=8
NOTES:
Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS 1 to 6 only. DESIGN
CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried out in addition.
N(= n b )
Uncoped
SWC
Single web coped
DWC
Double web coped
Empty spaces to right of bold linecomponent depth is less than 50% beam
depth, configuration not recommended.
Empty spaces to left of bold linecomponent will not fit into supported member
web with a = 100.

Bolts
design guide 5
51
TABLE 7

Supported
member
Coping on
member
310UB46.2
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
310UB40.4
310UB32.0
300PFC
310UC137
310UC118
310UC 96.8
250UB 37.3
250UB 31.4
250UB 25.7
250PFC
250UC89.5
250UC72.9

n=3
n=2
N = 12
N=8
355
239
203
320
216
185
283
192
166
415
276
242
504
472
391
504
400
337
504
347
299
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
O
SWC
DWC
247
151
129
236
144
123
193
118
101
283
189
161
283
247
212
283
203
173
NOTES:
only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried out in addition.
N(= n b )
O
Uncoped
SWC
Single web coped
DWC
Double web coped
Empty spaces to right of bold linecomponent depth is less than
50% beam depth, configuration not recommended.
Empty spaces to left of bold linecomponent will not fit into
supported member web with a = 100.

Bolts
design guide 5
52
TABLE 8

MEMBER 200 MM DEEP
NOTE: a = 70 for these sections.
Supported
member
Coping on
member
200UB 29.8

n=2
N=8
225
SWC
148
DWC
127
200UB 25.4
204
SWC
136
DWC
117
174
SWC
118
DWC
101
200UB 22.3
200UB 18.2
154
SWC
106
DWC
91
251
SWC
153
230PFC
DWC
131
207
SWC
141
DWC
121
200PFC
200UC 59.5
283
SWC
219
DWC
188
283
200UC 52.2
SWC
189
DWC
161
256
SWC
172
DWC
147
200UC 46.2
NOTES:
only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried out in
addition.
N(= n b )
O
Uncoped
SWC
Single web coped
DWC
Double web coped

Bolts
design guide 5
53
15
15.3 Configuration CSingle angle

supported member
Component
: 100 100 8 EA Grade 300
Bolts
Note
FIGURE 31 GEOMETRY CONFIGURATION CSINGLE ANGLE CLEAT SINGLE LINE OF

design guide 5
54
TABLE 9
ANGLE CLEAT DESIGN CAPACITY TABLECONFIGURATION C

SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER
Supported
member
Coping on
member
1200WB

n=9
N = 18
n=8
N = 16
n=7
N = 14
n=6
N = 12
n=5
N = 10
n=4
N=8
Any
708
629
1000WB
Any
708
629
532
900WB
Any
708
629
532
800WB
Any
708
629
532
435
700WB
Any
629
532
435
339
610UB
Any
532
435
339
530UB
Any
435
339
247
460UB
Any
339
247
410UB
Any
380PFC
Any
162
360UB
Any
162
310UB
Any
162
310UC
Any
162
300PFC
Any
162
247
n=3
N=6
162
NOTES:
N(= n b )
Any
Either uncoped, SWC, DWC
Uncoped
SWC
Single web coped
DWC
Double web coped
recommended.
Component
: 100 100 8 EA Grade 300
Bolts
Dimensions
: Refer to Figure 31, a = 100 mm
design guide 5
55
TABLE 10
ANGLE CLEAT DESIGN CAPACITY TABLECONFIGURATION C

SINGLE ANGLE CLEAT SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTED MEMBER
MEMBER < 300 MM DEEP
Supported
member
Coping on
member
250UB 37.3

n=2
N=4
a
(mm)
Any
88
100
250UB 31.4
Any
88
250UB 25.7
Any
88
200UB 29.8
Any
88
200UB 25.4
Any
88
200UB 22.3
Any
88
200UB 18.2
Any
84
250PFC
Any
88
100
230PFC
Any
88
70
200PFC
Any
88
250UC 89.5
Any
88
250UC 72.9
Any
88
200UC 59.5
Any
88
200UC 52.2
Any
88
200UC 46.2
Any
88
70
100
70
NOTES:
Design capacity in table derived from DESIGN CHECKS
1 to 6 only. DESIGN CHECKS 7 to 10 must be carried
out in addition.
N(= n b )
Any
Either uncoped, SWC, DWC
SWC
Single web coped
DWC
Double web coped
Component
: 100 100 8 EA Grade 300
Bolts
Dimensions
: Refer to Figure 31, a = as noted in Table
design guide 5
56
15
15.4 Configuration DSingle angle

supported member
Design Capacity Note: This configuration has the same design capacity as configuration C and is
hence uneconomic. Design capacity is controlled by bolt capacity to supporting member, so
additional bolts in supported member do not increase design capacity.
Component
: 150 100 10 UA Grade 300
Bolts
Note
FIGURE 32 GEOMETRY CONFIGURATION DSINGLE ANGLE CLEAT DOUBLE LINE OF

design guide 5
57
APPENDIX ALimcon software
A1
Introduction
A1.1 General
This Appendix contains the output from the Limcon computer program for the design examples,
detailed calculations for which are included in this Design Guide. Limcon undertakes all
DESIGN CHECKS set out in the ASI design model and lists the capacity and capacity ratio for
each limit state. A detail diagram is included at the beginning of the Limcon output. A virtual
reality image of the connection can be displayed on the computer screen to facilitate checking.
NOTE: To express the result of each limit state check Limcon uses the capacity ratio . This is
the ratio of the design capacity to the design action effect and the minimum capacity ratio for
all limit states must not be less than 1.0.
A1.2 DESIGN CHECKS No. 2 and 3Bolts
In addition to using the special formulae derived in Handbook 1 for each particular type of bolt
group, Limcon applies a generalised procedure independently for the cleat and the connected
part. This procedure checks bearing and tearing explicitly for each bolt with the result displayed
only for the critical bolt, which is identified by row and column number.
A1.3 DESIGN CHECK No. 7Coped beam bending
Limcon reports the estimated maximum permissible cope length. This is the length of cope at
which the coped beam bending check becomes critical, other limit states not being considered.
A1.4 DESIGN CHECK No. 8Beam rotation
If a non-zero span has been entered, Limcon computes the beam end rotation and the end
rotation at contact, assuming that the design shear is due to a uniformly distributed load. The
contact rotation capacity is the shear corresponding to the end rotation at contact.
A1.5 DESIGN CHECK No. 9Coped beam buckling
Although not required in the ASI design model, a check on the local buckling capacity of coped
beams is reported in the Limcon output. The estimated maximum permissible cope length based
on the coped section buckling check is reported.
design guide 5
58
APPENDIX A
A2
Limcon outputDesign example

No. 1Connection capacity with
single-sided double AC
connection to supporting
column
design guide 5
59
design guide 5
60
design guide 5
61
APPENDIX A
A3
Limcon outputDesign example

No. 2Connection capacity with
single-sided single AC
connection to supporting beam
design guide 5
62
design guide 5
63
design guide 5
64
APPENDIX BASI Design Guide 5

comment form
(Please photocopy this comment form and fax to ASI)
FAX: (02) 9931 6633

ATTENTION: National ManagerEngineering & Construction
Australian Steel Institute
Level 13, 99 Mount Street,
North Sydney NSW 2060
Telephone: (02) 9931 6666
Notice: This facsimile message and any attached files may hold confidential information. If you are not
the intended recipient any use, disclosure, forwarding or copying of this facsimile is unauthorised. If
you have received this facsimile in error please notify the sender immediately by reply facsimile or
telephone. Thank you for your co-operation on this.
Name:
Date:
Company:
Address:
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Reference: (eg Section, Page No, line)
Comment:
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DG-5 Cover Final (4.

Design Guide 5: Angle Cleat Connections

Connection Design Guide 5

First Edition 2007

Angle cleat connections

contributing author & editor

first edition - 2007

AUSTRALIAN STEEL INSTITUTE

Copyright 2007 by AUSTRALIAN STEEL INSTITUTE

Published by: AUSTRALIAN STEEL INSTITUTE

This publication originated as part of

Also in this series:

1 CONCEPT OF DESIGN GUIDE ................. 1

11 RECOMMENDED DESIGN MODEL

14 DESIGN EXAMPLES ............................... 38

Typical single and double

Figure 19 Supporting members with

Angle cleat design capacity table

Angle cleat design capacity table

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTING AUTHOR AND EDITOR

The authors would like to extend special thanks to:

Richard CollinsEngineering Systems in the development and upgrade of the Limcon

Standards Australia for providing their technical typesetting expertise.

Whizzcad Pty Ltd with drafting and graphics for publishing.

ASI State Engineering & Construction Special

Together with support of:

CONCEPT OF DESIGN GUIDE

FIGURE 1 TYPICAL SINGLE AND DOUBLE ANGLE CLEAT CONNECTIONS

Double angle cleats

Beam-to-column and beam-to-beam connections,

Beam-to-column and beam-to-beam connections,

FIGURE 2 ALTERNATIVE ASINGLE

FIGURE 3 ALTERNATIVE BDOUBLE

FIGURE 4 DOUBLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTING MEMBER

Single angle cleat

Beam-to-column and beam-to-beam connections,

Beam-to-column and beam-to-beam connections,

FIGURE 5 ALTERNATIVE ASINGLE

FIGURE 6 ALTERNATIVE BDOUBLE

FIGURE 7 SINGLE LINE OF BOLTS TO SUPPORTING MEMBER

Skew and raking beams cannot be accommodated.

Erection clearances must be especially considered because of the necessity to angle

If beams of different web thickness are connected to opposite sides of a supporting

FIGURE 8 COPING BEAM FLANGE(S) FOR COLUMN WEB CONNECTION

FIGURE 9 COPING BEAM BOTTOM FLANGE TO CLEAR BOLTS

FIGURE 10 TYPICAL BOLT PLACEMENT

COMPLIANCE WITH AS 4100

FIGURE 11 DEFORMATION OF THE ANGLE CLEAT

Kulak, Fisher and Struik

(Refs. 11, 12)

BASIS OF DESIGN MODEL

Double angle cleats

BASIS OF DESIGN MODEL

Single angle cleat

Angle components are assumed to be oriented such that:

FIGURE 12 CONNECTION GEOMETRY

DESIGN CHECK NO. 1

DESIGN CHECK NO. 2

Design capacity of bolts to supporting member

DESIGN CHECK NO. 3

Design capacity of bolts to supported member

DESIGN CHECK NO. 4