H thng chn on tch hp OBD II (on board diagnostic system,

generation 2)

T nm 1996 cc hng xn sut t cho ra i h thng OBD 2. OBD 2 Mang tnh

thng nht v tiu chun chn on v xc nh h hng gia cc loi ng c do
cc hng khc nhau ch to.

c thng nht v p dng u tin ti M. Vi mc ch nhm pht hin cc

cht c hi trong kh x thi vo kh quyn, h thng OBD cho php ECU ng c
pht hin bt k h hng no ca ng c v h thng kim sot kh x cng nh
bo cho li xe cc trng thi ny qua n check engine. Mt chc nng ca
ECU ng c lu cc d liu iu khin quan trng vo b nh trong khi pht
hin thy h hng. c im chnh ca OBD 2 l tnh thng nht ca m chn
on v s dng mt dng c th c bit. Kt qu l, phng thc thng tin gia
dng c th v DLC (gic ni lin kt d liu) v ECU ng c c tiu chun
ha. Hn na, trong trng hp OBD 2, vic o tc ng c v kim tra chc
nng ca ECU ng c khng th thc hin c m khng c dng c th c
bit. Toyota s dng h thng m cc chc nng ban u ca n c b sung

thm cc yu cu theo tiu chun OBD 2. Cc m t sau l mt s im khc nhau

c bn gia h thng OBD thng thng ca Toyota v h thng OBD mi (OBD
2) dng cho cc xe M v Canada.
Cc Nt c Trng Ca OBD II

Hnh 1. Cc chc nng ca OBD 2.

1.
Chn on cm bin oxy
: Tng kh nng chn on cm bin oxy bao gm vic gim st s suy gim chc
nng v bm bn ca cm bin. Bng vic gim st tn s ng ct mch ca cm
bin oxy theo t l khng kh/nhin liu tng hay gim.

2.
Gim st h thng nhin liu
: Khi c iu kin xy ra m nguyn nhn bn ngoi vic iu hnh ca cc
thng s thit k. V d : Tn hiu lu lng khng kh b mo
(nhiu),
p sut nhin liu khng ng ,hoc cc vn k thut khc. H thng OBD II
a ra d tm s khng bnh thng ca iu kin iu hnh. Nu iu kin c
tm thy di hn thc t l thuyt. Mt DTC c lu tr. Khi mt DTC c
lu tr ,vn tc ng c, ti, v tnh trng ng c trc , c ly ra qua
ng truyn ni tip.

3.
Gim st ng c b my

: Bng vic s dng tn hiu tn s cao v tr trc cam, ECU gim st c vn tc

ca n ngay c khi th sinh cng. Khi mt my sinh cng tc ca n ti thi
im tng ln.

Toyota OBD II s dng 36 - 2 rng cm bin trc cam trc tip o vn tc v v

tr trc cam. Thng tin c x l trong ECU pht hin ra xylanh b my v
gc b my.

4.
Gim st b trung ha kh thi
5.
Gim st hi lu kh thi
: Gim st vic m van hi lu kh thi, a mt phn kh thi quay tr li
bung t nhm mc ch gim lng kh thi c hi NOx .

6.
Gim st h thng khng kh ph
: Xc nh lng khng kh a vo ng ng x, ni c b phn trung ha
kh thi. Vi mc ch cung cp oxy cho qu trnh phn ng trung ha CO, HC v
NOx.

7.
Bo li bng n nhp nhy
: Khi mt li c thit lp n kim tra s bt sng nhp nhy lin tc ch th
m li. H thng OBD II c th ch dp tt n bo h hng nu h hng khng
ti xy ra trong 3 chu k tip theo. H thng OBD II c th ch hy mt lu tr
DTC nu h hng khng c pht hin trong 4 chu k lin tip. H thng Toyota
khng xa m, nhng ng hn l cm c nh du nu h hng khng ti xy ra
trong 40 chu k my lin tip.

DTC c th c xa bng thit b giao tip bn ngoi hoc tho cc accu ra.
8.
Readiness test
: H thng chn on OBD II lin tc gim st ng c b my v sai hng ca h
thng nhin liu. N cng thi hnh chc nng kim tra trung ha kh thi, h thng
hi lu kh thi, v cc cm bin oxy trong mt hay mi chu k. Tt nhin khi tin
hnh kim tra ng c phi trng thi hot ng ng theo danh ngha : nhit
ng c phi ng quy nh, gc bm ga m theo quy nh, ng c phi chu ti
theo quy nh.

ECU s cung cp cc thng tin v tnh trng ca ng c ra mt thit b bn ngoi

di dng.

Hnh 2 Hin th thng s gim st ng c.

9.
Stored Engine Freeze Frame Data
: Nh vo vic pht hin ra cc sai hng, h thng OBD II s lu tr tt c cc d
liu vo thi im m DTC thit lp. Stored Engine Freeze Frame Data c th ly
li c cc thng s bng thit b bn ngoi
(scan tool).
Scan tool: ECU ca OBD 2 cho php ghp ni vi cc thit b (my tnh) bn
ngoi. Hoc cc thit b cm tay phc v vic ghi nhn cc thng s gi ra t
ECU ca ng c.

Hnh 3.Hin thi thng s chn on.

OBD II s dng loi m chn on mi :
Nhn thy trn hnh v
: P0100 - Sai chc nng ca MAP hoc VAF.

P0110 - Sai chc nng ca cm bin kh np.

M li
: 110 . H thng nhin liu : m .

Nhit nc lm mt : 203 F.