CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction
The literature review deals with the topics and the researches that would help to
understand Hotel Reservation System the existing systems that are similar to Hotel Reservation
System. The objective of this literature review is to analyze the related work to this project and
mechanisms used in previous studies.
2.1 Computer-based information system
Higgins (1976) defines Computer-based information systems (CBIS) as structured systems that
rely on computer hardware and software technology to collect, process, and store and distribute
information. Information systems are employed to support decision making and control in an
organization. Information systems can also be used to analyze problems, visualize complex
subjects, and create new products. Input, processing and output are the three activities in an
information system that produces the information an organization needs.
2.2 Advantages of Computer-Based Information Systems
Compute-based information systems have been in widespread use since the 1990s in industry,
non-profit organizations and government agencies. These systems provide fast, centralized
access to databases of personnel information, reference reading, best practices and on-the-job
training, and are easily customizable to meet an organization's needs. With the Internet and
technology boom of the early 21st century, use of computer-based information networks is
growing faster each year. Pant, S., Hsu, C., (1995),

2.3 Overview of Hotel

hotel is a hive of numerous operations such as front office, booking and reservation,
banquet, finance, HR, inventory, material management, quality management, security, energy
management, housekeeping, CRM and more Pant, S., Hsu, C., (1995),.
According to the British laws a hotel is a place where a bonafied traveler
canreceive food and shelter provided he is in a position to for it and is in a fit
condition toreceive.Hotels have a very long history, but not as we know today, way
back in the 6 th century BC when the first inn in and around the city of London began
to develop. The first catered to travelers and provided them with a mere roof to stay under.
This condition of the inns prevailed for a long time, until the industrial revolution in
England, which brought about new ideas and progress in the business at inn keeping. The
invention of the steam engine made traveling even more prominent. Which had to
more and more people traveling not only for business but also for leisure reasons. This lead to
the actual development of the hotel industry as we know it today. Hotel today not only cater
to the basic needs of the guest like food and shelter provide much more than that, like
personalized services etc.Hotels today are a Home away from home.(jayeshvk 2008)
The hotel industry has two main category of customers, the corporate guests who
patronize hotels for business and conference meetings primarily using facilities from Monday
until Thursday and leisure guests who usually stay in hotels on weekends and holiday periods.
The hotel market is strongly affected by new trends and technological changes and influenced by
macro factors in the economy both on a country level and on international level. The development
and construction of new hotels also takes a number of years and therefore
developers have to forecast future occurrences in order to make the correct projection of the
demand.(Aryee 2011)

2.4 Types of hotels

Hotels can be either the following :
2.4.1 One Star
Hotels in this category mainly have common area bath / toilet, towels, central heating, breakfast
and timing with a possibility of wake-up call and daily cleaning of rooms. Superior status is
attained by one (1) star if all the rooms must have private bath / toilet and television.
2.4.2 Two Stars
Two (2) star hotels have in addition to requirements for one (1) at least 40% private bathroom /
toilet and TV, bath towels and washbasin in rooms with soap and shower cream as well as
bedside lamp. Likewise for two (2) stars to attain superior status, all the rooms have private
bath / toilet and television.
2.4.3 Three Stars
These hotels have service desk function (at least 14 hours a day), all rooms equipped with private
bath / toilet, hairdryer, full-length mirror, luggage stand, desk, radio, TV, access to internet,
access to the baggage service, laundry bag, shoe shine equipment, elevator.
2.4.4 Four Stars
Four (4) star hotels have reception desk staffed at least 18 hours a day and a bar at least 6 days a
week. In addition to this there should be comfortable furniture, safe, guest computer, internet
connection in rooms, mini bar / room service, dinner service at least 6 days a week and room
service with food for hotels that do not serve breakfast only, newspapers, sewing services,
elevator. Superior status is attained if dinner restaurant is opened at least 6 nights a week.
2.4.5 Five stars
Hotels in the five (5) category have reception desk staffed 24 hours, suites, extra toiletries in the
room, bathrobe and slippers, extra pillows, choice of pillows, comfortable seating in rooms, bar 7
days a week, lunch and dinner 7 days a week, mini bar, room service round the 13
clock, luggage service, ironing service, same day laundry service, second service / turndown,
mystery checking, etc.
All star categories need a number of additional criteria beyond the mandatory criteria, in order to
achieve star rating. In addition, the hotel is also considered as a whole in terms of maintenance
standards, quality of furniture and equipment, and general impression.(Aryee 2011)

2.5 Hotel Management System

Hotel Management System is an ideal software solution for Hospitality Industry that can
be used at hotels, motels, inns, resorts, lodges, hostel, military guest houses, ranch, suites,
apartments, medical centres and bed, breakfast operations. Hotel Management System is a
comprehensive software suite consisting of integrated modules for various aspects of hotel
management. The software is often referred to as Property Management System in the Hotel
industry. It will includes all the features required in a Hotel Management Software, Hotel
Reservation Software, Hotel Reception Software (Front Office), Call Accounting, Hotel Point of
Sales (Restaurant, Bar, Room Service, House Keeping or any other outlet), Inventory
Management System and Hotel accounting software. Wollner KS. (1999).
The lodging software all modules are tightly integrated and all hotel programs are included in
one price, meaning all modules are included at no additional cost regardless of your hotel size.
Management software is developed for Microsoft Windows operating system using latest
software developing techniques. Pant, S., Hsu, C., (1995),
2.6 Hotel reservation system
A hotel reservation system, commonly known as a central reservation system (CRS) is a
computerized system that stores and distributes information of a hotel, resort or other lodging
facilities (www.mindspeakit.com).
Hotel Reservation System has all the dynamic versatile features required to run hotels, motels and
guest house business. Hotel Reservation System offers an operational integration between
reservations, guest history, reception/ front desk, Sales Ledger, Accounting and Reporting modules.
Software has facility to generate report for analyzes your booking, checking and checkout status.
Hotel Reservation System is the best suit for managing you resource in very simple but effective
manner with minimal efforts or time so that it increases your revenue. Hotel Reservation System
helps you to manage small to medium size boutique, hotels, Inns, cottages, Bed, campgrounds and
cabins and Breakfasts. Hotel management or booking system is design to help you manage your
booking and use the gathered data in reports to help analyze your marketing and financial results.
Hotel Booking software is a complete software suite consisting of integrated modules for various
aspects of hotel management.

2.7 Advantages of Hotel Reservation

Hotel Reservation have the advantage of updating data quickly so reservation changes can be
made quickly and easily. You can also summarize data to see how many spots you have left. You
can also analyze past data to see where you are being most efficient and where you may be
losing money, or can at least maximize profit.(Guru_guy 2006)

2.8 Existing systems

2.8.1 Booking.com
Booking.com specializes in hotels and other travel accommodations, so it shouldnt come as
a surprise they top the list of the best hotel booking sites. They offer deals on vacation
rentals, hostels, and bed and breakfasts, as well as many other hard-to-find property types.
Booking.com customers have reported a high degree of satisfaction with their service,
particularly the ease of the booking process. Get started by entering your destination and
travel dates. Then, using their filtering tools, you can focus your results on certain amenities
and other details that are important to you. Theres also the option to run a theme search,
which isnt something youll find with most hotel sites. These searches are ideal when
youre trying to quickly locate a family-friendly or business hotel, for example. Once
youve found the right place, click into it to view more detailed information and book it
right away. If youre not near a computer, you can also book your hotel from Booking.coms
mobile app and check todays rates at the hotels in your area if you need to make a lastminute reservation.

2.8.2 Hotels .com

Hotels.com is another place to check out if youre looking for the top hotel booking sites.
Their sizeable discounts give you plenty of opportunities to save, sometimes up to 50%, on
your total room costs. Their Welcome Rewards program is perfect for frequent travelers
because it helps you earn a free night at participating hotels for every 10 nights you stay.
Loyalty programs like this are relatively uncommon among hotel booking sites so, if youre
interested in earning these kinds of rewards, its worth taking a closer look at what
Hotels.com has to offer. Spontaneous travelers will also find plenty to love about
Hotels.com, including their last-minute deals on hotels all over the country. If youre
traveling with a large party, theres a group travel service available for you to take
advantage of. A Hotels.com representative helps you locate and book as many rooms as you
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need at

discounted rates and can also hook you up with a meeting or banquet space if you need it.
Like Booking.com, Hotels.com has a mobile app for searching and booking hotels as well if
this is more convenient for you.

2.8.3 Hotwire.com
Hotwire helps their customers save a considerable amount on their hotel reservations by
keeping the name of the travel site youre booking with a secret until after youve purchased
a room. Doing this enables Hotwires travel partners to get rid of their unsold rooms while
offering you significantly lower rates than those youll find with many of the other top hotel
sites. Youll still have the opportunity to view photos and details of the location you choose
as well as customer ratings and reviews. The only thing you wont know until after youve
booked is what travel partner helped you score that deal. This process has earned Hotwire a
reputation as one of the best hotel booking sites in terms of overall customer satisfaction.
Another reason Hotwire is such a great choice for the budget-conscious traveler is they have
numerous trip-planning tools to help you locate the vacation destinations with the lowest
rates on hotels. They can even help you pinpoint the best time to travel to that particular
location. Like the other companies on this list, Hotwire has powerful search and filtering
tools to assist customers in quickly narrowing down their results to find the hotel that best
fits their needs.

2.9 Comparison among existing systems

Features

Hotels.com

Booking.com

Hotwire.com

Registeration

Yes

Yes

Es

Login

Yes

Yes

No

Search for hotels

Yes

Yes

Yes

Single/group reservation

Yes

Yes

Yes

Online Booking

Yes

Yes

Yes

Report

Yes

Yes

Yes

2.10 Chapter Summary

This chapter is about the literature review that discusses the researches of existing
systems, which gives a better understanding of Hotel Reservation System. It also shows the
similarities and the differences that the existing systems have by comparing them and discusses
related things of the current system. It will represent the border or limitation of the current
system.

References
Wollner KS. (1999). How to Draft and Interpret Insurance Policies. Casualty Risk Publishing
Porter K. (2007). The Legal Environment of Insurance,
Pant, S., Hsu, C., (1995), Strategic Information Systems Planning: A Review, Information
Resources Management Association International Conference, May 2124, Atlanta.
Pant, S., Hsu, C., (1995), Strategic Information Systems Planning: A Review, Information
IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 1 Issue 9,
November 2014.
IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 1 Issue 9,
November 2014. www.ijiset.com

Aryee, S. (2011). HOTEL MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT. Architecture and Built

environment. Stockholm, KTH Stockholm. Master of Science,
.
Guru_guy (2006). "advantages of computer reservation system." Retrieved 23
Naovember, 2016, from http://www.justanswer.com/computer/0cwzq-advantagescomputer-reservation-systems.html.
jayeshvk (2008). "introduction to the hotel industry." Retrieved 26 Novemper, 2016,
from https://www.scribd.com/doc/6170286/Introduction-to-the-Hotel-Industry.

Aryee, S. (2011). HOTEL MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT. Architecture and Built

environment. Stockholm, KTH Stockholm. Master of Science,.
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jayeshvk (2008). "introduction to the hotel industry." Retrieved 26 Novemper, 2016, from
https://www.scribd.com/doc/6170286/Introduction-to-the-Hotel-Industry.
Aryee, S. (2011). HOTEL MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT. Architecture and Built
environment. Stockholm, KTH Stockholm. Master of Science,.
jayeshvk (2008). "introduction to the hotel industry." Retrieved 26 Novemper, 2016, from
https://www.scribd.com/doc/6170286/Introduction-to-the-Hotel-Industry.

Classification criteria 2010-2014) Retrieved December 27, 2010, from www.hotelstars.se

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