CHUYN : DNG IN KHNG I

PHNG PHP 1: PHNG PHP NGUN TNG NG

I. L THUYT
1. Ngun in tng ng ca b ngun ni tip:

e b U AB( mch ngoi h) e1 e 2 ... e n

rb r1 r2 ... rn

- c bit: Nu c in tr R ghp ni tip vi ngun (e;r) th b

l:

e1;r1

eb e

rb r R

e2;r2

en;rn

ngun
B

2. Cc trng hp b ngun ghp song song cc ngun ging nhau, ghp hn hp i xng cc
ngun ging nhau
3. Trng hp tng qut
Bi ton: Cho mch in nh hnh v, cc ngun c sut in ng v in tr trong tng ng l (e 1;r1);
(e2;r2);.... (en;rn). n gin, ta gi s cc ngun c cc dng ni vi A tr ngun (e 2;r2). Tm sut in
ng v in tr trong ca b ngun ny nu coi A v B l hai cc ca ngun in tng ng.
Gii
I1 e ;r
1 1
- Gi s ngun in tng ng c cc dng A, cc m B. Khi ta c:
n
1
1
1 1
1
1

...
rb rAB r1 r2
rn
1 ri

+ in tr trong ca ngun tng ng:

I2

e2;r2

In

en;rn

- tnh eb, ta tnh UAB. Gi s chiu dng in qua cc nhnh nh hnh v (gi s cc ngun u l
ngun pht).

I1

e1 U AB
r1

Ae1B : U AB e1 I1r1
e U AB

+ p dng nh lut m cho cc on mch: Ae 2 B : U AB e 2 I2 r2 I 2 2
r2
Ae B : U e I r

n
AB
n
n n

e U AB
In n
rn

- Ti nt A: I2 = I1 + I3 + ... + In. Thay cc biu thc ca dng in tnh trn vo ta c phng trnh
xc nh UAB:
e 2 U AB e1 U AB e3 U AB
e U AB

... n
r2
r1
r3
rn

- Bin i thu c: U AB

e1 e 2
e
... n
r r2
rn
1

1 1
1
...
r1 r2
rn

ei

r
1

1
rb

eb

- Vy

ei
ri

1
rb

* Trong quy c v du nh sau:

- i theo chiu t cc dng sang cc m m ta gi s ca ngun tng ng (tc chiu tnh
hiu in th):
+ Nu gp cc dng ca ngun trc th e ly du dng (+)
+ Nu gp cc m ca ngun trc th e ly du m (-)
* Nu tnh ra eb < 0 th cc ca ngun tng ng ngc vi iu gi s.
- Nu tnh ra I<0 th chiu gi s dng in l sai, ta chn chiu ngc li.
II. V D MINH HA
Bi 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v: e1 = 12V; e2 = 9V; e3 = 3V; r1 = r2 = r3= 1, cc in tr R1 = R2 = R3 =
2.
Tnh UAB v cng dng in qua cc nhnh.
Gii
- Coi AB l hai cc ca ngun tng ng vi A l cc dng, mch ngoi coi nh c in tr v cng
ln.
- in tr trong ca ngun in tng ng l:
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1

1 rb 1
rb rAB r1 R 1 r2 R 2 r3 R 3 3 3 3

- Sut in ng ca b ngun tng ng l:

ei

eb

r
1

1
rb

12 9 3

3 3 3 2V 0 .
1

I1

e1;r1

R1

I2

e2;r2

R2

I3

en;rn

R3

Cc dng ca ngun tng ng A.

- Gi s chiu dng in qua cc nhnh nh hnh v. p dng nh lut m cho cc on mch tnh
cng dng in qua cc nhnh:

I1

e1 U AB 12 2 10

A
r1 R1
3
3

Ae1B : U AB e1 I1 (r1 R 1 )
e 2 U AB 9 2 11

A
Ae 2 B : U AB e 2 I 2 (r2 R 2 ) I 2
r2 R 2
3
3
Ae B : U e I (r R )

3
AB
3
3 3
3

e U AB 3 2 1

A
I3 3
r3 R 3
3
3

Chiu dng in qua cc nhnh nh iu gi s.

Bi 2: Cho mch nh hnh v: e1 = 24V; e2 = 6V; r1 = r2 = 1; R1 = 5; R2 = 2; R l bin tr. Vi gi tr

no ca bin tr th cng sut trn R t cc i, tm gi tr cc i .
Gii
- Ta xt ngun in tng ng gm hai nhnh cha hai ngun e 1 v e2. Gi s cc dng ca ngun
tng ng A. Bin tr R l mch ngoi.
- in tr trong ca ngun in tng ng l:
R
e ;r
1

R
e2;r2

B
R2

1
1
1
1
1 1 1

rb 2
rb rAB r1 R 1 r2 R 2 6 3 2

eb;rb

- Sut in ng ca b ngun tng ng l:

e1 e 2 24 6

r1 r2
eb
6 3 4V U AB 0 .
1
1
rb
2

- cng sut trn R cc i th R = rb = 2. Cng sut cc i l:

Pmax

e2b
42

2W
4rb 4.2

Bi 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v: e 1 = 6V; e2 = 18V; r1 = r2 = 2; R0 = 4; n ghi: 6V - 6W; R l

bin tr.
a. Khi R = 6, n sng th no?
R0
e1;r1
b. Tm R n sng bnh thng?
Gii

R
a. Khi R = 4. Ta xt ngun in tng ng gm hai nhnh cha hai A
B ngun
e1 v e2. Gi s cc dng ca ngun tng ng A. Bin tr R v n
l
e2;r2
mch ngoi.
- in tr trong
ca ngun in tng ng l:

1
1
1 1 1 2

rb 1,5
rb r1 R 0 r2 6 2 3
e1
e
2 6 18
r1 R 0 r2
6 2 12V 0 . Cc dng ca ngun
- Sut in ng ca ngun tng ng l: eb
1
2
rb
3

tng ng B.
- in tr v cng dng in nh mc ca n l:

R 6; I m 1A

- Cng dng in qua n cng l dng in trong mch chnh:

eb
12
8

A I I m
R R rb 4,5 6 1,5 9

- Vy n sng di mc bnh thng.

b. n sng bnh thng th

I I Im

R1

12
1A
R 4,5
R 6 1,5

e1;r1

Bi 4: Cho mch nh hnh v: e 1 = 18V; e2 = 9V; r1 = 2; r2 = 1; Cc in tr mch

ngoi gm R1 = 5; R2 = 10; R3 = 2; R l bin tr. Tm gi tr ca bin tr cng
sut trn R l ln nht, tnh gi tr ln nht .
Gii
- Gi ngun tng ng c hai cc l B v N:

U AM

e1
e2
0
18 9

r1 r2 R1 R 2 R 3

2 6 14V 0
1
1
1
1 1 1

r1 r2 R 1 R 2 R 3
2 6 12

R3

R2

N
R1

- Khi b R: on mch BN l mch cu cn bng nn b r1 = 2, ta tnh c:

rBN = (R1+R2)//(r2+R3) = (5 + 10)//(1 + 2) = 15/6 = 2,5.
- Tnh UBN khi b R, ta c:

eb U BN( Khi mch ngoi h, tc b R)

rb rBN( Khi mch ngoi h, tc b R)

e2;r2

e1;r1
A
I2

R2

e2;r2

I1
B

R3
N

- nh lut m cho cc on mch: AR2B:

I2 = UAM/(R2 + R3) = 14/12 = 7/6A
=> UNM = I2.R3 = 7/3V.
AR1M:
UAM = 14V = e2 + I1(R1 + r2) = 9 + 6I1
=> I1 = 5/6A => UBM = e2 + I1r2 = 9 + 5/6 = 59/6V.
- Vy UBN = UBM + UMN = 59/6 - 7/3 = 7,5V > 0.
- T : PR(max) = PR (max )

e 2b
7,52

5, 625W, khi R rb 2,5

4rb 4.2,5

.
.
PHNG PHP 2: DNG NH LUT KICHOFF
A.L THUYT
I.nh luat Kirchhoff 1 (nh luat nut)
Tai mot nut mang, tong ai so cac dong ien bang khong
n: so dong ien quy tu tai
nut mang ang xet.

Vi quy c dau cua I: (+) cho dong ti nut.

(-) cho dong ra khoi nut.
Nt mng: Giao ca t nht 3 nhnh
Phng trnh (1) co the c viet oi vi moi mot trong tong so m nut
mang trong mach ien. Tuy nhien ch co (m-1) phng trnh oc lap nhau
(moi phng trnh cha t nhat 1 bien so mi cha co trong cac phng trnh con
lai). Con phng trnh viet cho nut th m la khong can thiet v no de dang
c suy ra t he cac phng trnh oc lap.
II. nh luat Kirchhoff II (nh luat mac mang):
1.Phat bieu: Trong mot mat mang (mang ien kn) th tong ai so cac suat
ien ong cua nguon ien bang tong o giam cua ien the tren tng oan
mach cua mat mang.
n

i 1

k 1

i I k Rk

Vi quy c dau:
Khi chon mot chieu kn cua mac mang th:
uNguon ien:
Neu gap cc am trc th mang dau dng
Neu gap cc dng trc th mang dau am.
uCng o dong ien:
Neu chieu cua dong ien trung vi chieu i cua mat mang th mang dau
dng.
Neu chieu cua dong ien ngc vi chieu i cua mat mang th mang dau am.

| Cach phat bieu khac cua luat Kirchhoff II:

Trong mot vong mang bat k, tong ai so cac tch (IR)i cua cac oan mach
bang tong ai sosuat ien ong Ei cua trng la trong vong mach o.
Cach giai bai toan ve mach ien da tren cac nh luat cua
Kirchhoff
Ta tien hanh cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Neu cha biet chieu cua dong ien trong mot oan mach khong phan
nhanh nao o, ta gia thiet dong ien tren nhanh o chay theo mot chieu
tuy y nao o.
Neu cha biet cac cc cua nguon ien mac vao oan mach, ta gia thiet
v tr cac cc o.
Bc 2:
Neu co n an so (cac ai lng can tm) can lap n phng trnh tren cac
nh luat Kiecxop
Vi mach co m nut mang, ta ap dung nh luat Kiecxop I e lap m 1
phng trnh oc lap. So n-(m-1) phng trnh con lai se c lap bang cach ap
dung nh luat Kiecxop II cho cac mat mang, e co phng trnh oc lap, ta
phai chon sao cho trong moi mat ta chon,j t nhat phai co mot oan mach khong
phan nhanh mi (cha tham gia cac mat khac).
e lap phng trnh cho mat, trc het phai chon nhieu ng i f, mot
cach tuy y.
Bc 3: Giai he phng trnh a lap c.
Bc 4: Bien luan.
Neu cng o dong ien tren mot oan mach nao o c
tnh ra gia tr dng th chieu cua dong ien nh gia nh (bc 1)
ung nh chieu thc cua dong dien trong oan mach o; con neu
cng o dong ien c tnh ra co gia tr am th chieu dong ien
thc ngc vi chieu ddax gia nh va ta ch can oi chieu dong
ien a ve oan mach o tren s o.
Neu suat ien ong cua nguon ien cha biet tren mot oan
mach tnh c co gia tr dng th v tr gia nh cua cac cc cua no
(bc 1) la phu hp vi thc te; con neu suat ien ong co gia tr
am th phai oi lai v tr cac cc cua nguon.
Ket luan
5

Dung hai nh luat Kirchhoff, ta co the giai c hau het nhng bai tap
cho mach ien phc tap. ay gan nh la phng phap c ban e giai cac
mach ien phc tap gom nhieu mach vong va nhanh, neu can tm bao nhieu
gia tr cua bai toan yeu cau th dung hai nh luat nay chung ta lap c
bay nhieu phng trnh nut mang va mac mang, sau o giai he phng trnh
ta se tm c cac gia tr ma bai toan yeu cau.
Tuy nhien, e giai nhng mach ien co nhieu nguon, nhieu ien tr
mac phc tap th giai he phng trnh nhieu an rat dai, tnh toan phc tap. V
the trong nhng mach khac nhau, chung ta nen ap dung cac phng phap phu
hp e giai quyet bai toan mot cach nhanh nhat.
BI TP P DNG
Bai 1: Cho mot mach ien co s o nh hnh ve
E1=25v
R1=R2=10
E2=16v
R3=R4=5
r1=r2=2 R5=8
Tnh cng o dong ien qua moi nhanh.
Gii:
Giasdo
ng ie
n chay trong mach
cochie
u nh hnh ve
:
*nh lua
t Kirchoff cho ca
c nu
t mang :
Tai C, B :
I=I 3+I 4=I1+I
(1)
5
Tai A :

I1=I 2+I 3
(2)
Tai D:
I =I +I
(3)
4 2 5
*nh lua
t Kirchoff cho ma
t mang:
Mach BACB: E2=I1R1+I 3R3+Ir2 10I1+5I 3+2I=16
Mach ADCA:
Mach DCBD:

(4)

0=I R +I R -I R 10I +5I -5I =0 (5)

2 2 4 4 3 3
2
4 3
E1+E 2=I 4R 4+I R +I r1+Ir2
(6)
5 5 5
5I +10I +2I=41

T(1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) ta cohephng trnh:

I-I -I =0
(1)
10I +5I +2I=16
1 3
1 5

I -I -I =0
10I +5I -5I =0
(2)
2 4 3
1 2 3

I -I +I =0
I-I +I -I =0
(3)
2 4 5

1 2 4

10I1+5I 3+2I=16 (4)

I1-I 2-I 3=0

10I 2+5I 4-5I 3=0 (5)

12I-10I1+5I 4=41

5I 4+10I 5+2I=41 (6)

I 5=I-I1
2I+10I +5I =16
I=3 (A)
1 3

17I-10I -5I =41

I1=0.5 (A)
1 3

5I+10I -20I =0
I 2=-0.5 (A)

1 3

I 2=I1-I 3
I 3=1 (A)

I 4=I-I 3
I 4=2 (A)
Bi 2:

I 5=I-I1
I 5=2.5 (A)

(4)

10I +5I +2I=16

(4)

(5)

(8)

(7)
(2)
(8)
(1)

1 3
12I-10I +5I =41
1 4
I-I -I =0
3 4
10I -15I +5I =0
1 3 4
I 2=I1-I 3

I 5=I-I1

Va
y c
ng odo
ng ie
n qua R cochie
u ngc v
i chie
u achon
2

(9)
(10)

B
N
6
E,r

E=14V
r=1V
R4=8
R2=3

R3=3
R1=1
R5=3

Tm I trong cac nhanh?

Giai
Ta gia s chieu cua dong ien nh hnh ve.
*nh luat mat mang:
AMNA:
0=I1R1-I5R5-I2R2
0=I1-3I5-3I2
(1)
MBNM:
0=I3R3-I4R4+I5R5
0=3I3-8I4+3I5
(2)
ANBA:
E=Ir+I2R2+I4R4
14=I+3I2+8I4
(3)
*nh l nut mang:
-Tai N:
I2-I5-I4=0
(4)
-Tai B:
I-I4-I3=0
(5)
-Tai A:

I-I1-I2=0

(6)

Ta chon I,I2,I4 lam an chnh va bien oi I1,I3,I5 theo bien tren

T (1) ta co :

I1-3I5-3I2 =0

I-I2-3(I2-I4)-3I2=0

I-7I2+3I4=0
T (2) ta co:

3I3-8I4+3I5=0

3(I-I4)-8I4+3(I2-I4)=0

3I-14I4+3I2 =0
Ta c h pt:
I+3I2+8I4=14
I-7I2+3I4=0
I=3.56(A) I2=0.92(A) I4=0.96(A)
3I+3I2-14I4=0
I1=I-I2=2.24(A)
I3=I-I4=2.6(A)
I5=I2-I4=-0.04(A). Vy dng i t m n N.
7

B.BI TP
Ch :

a/. chp cc im cng in th: "Ta c th chp 2 hay nhiu im c cng in th

thnh mt im khi bin i mch in tng ng."
(Do VA-Vb = UAB=I RAB Khi RAB=0;I 0 hoc RAB 0,I=0 Va=VbTc A v B cng in th)
Cc trng hp c th: Cc im 2 u dy ni, kha K ng, Am pe k c in tr
khng ng k...c coi l c cng in th. Hai im nt 2 u R5 trong mch cu cn
bng...
b/. B in tr: ta c th b cc in tr khc 0 ra khi s khi bin i mch in tng ng khi cng dng in qua cc in tr ny bng 0.
Cc trng hp c th: cc vt dn nm trong mch h; mt in tr khc 0 mc song song
vi mt vt dn c in tr bng 0( in tr b ni tt) ; vn k c in tr rt ln (l
tng).
4/. Vai tr ca am pe k trong s :
* Nu am pe k l tng ( Ra=0) , ngoi chc nng l dng c o n cn c vai tr nh dy
ni do :
C th chp cc im 2 u am pe k thnh mt im khi bin i mch in tng
ng( khi am pe k ch l mt im trn s )
Nu am pe k mc ni tip vi vt no th n o cng d/ qua vt.
Khi am pe k mc song song vi vt no th in tr b ni tt ( ni trn).
Khi am pe k nm ring mt mch th dng in qua n c tnh thng qua cc dng 2
nt m ta mc am pe k ( d theo nh l nt).
* Nu am pe k c in tr ng k, th trong s ngoi chc nng l dng c o ra
am pe k cn c chc nng nh mt in tr bnh thng. Do s ch ca n cn c
tnh bng cng thc: Ia=Ua/Ra .
5/. Vai tr ca vn k trong s :
a/. trng hp vn k c in tr rt ln ( l tng):
*Vn k mc song song vi on mch no th s ch ca vn k cho bit HT gia 2
u on mch :
UV=UAB=IAB. RAB
*TRong trng hp mch phc tp, Hiu in th gia 2 im mc vn k phi c tnh
bng cng thc cng th: UAB=VA-VB=VA- VC + VC- VB=UAC+UCB....
*c th b vn k khi v s mch in tng ng .
*Nhng in tr bt k mc ni tip vi vn k c coi nh l dy ni ca vn k ( trong
s tng ng ta c th thay in tr y bng mt im trn dy ni), theo cng
thc ca nh lut m th cng qua cc in tr ny coi nh bng 0 ,( IR=IV=U/ =0).
b/. Trng hp vn k c in tr hu hn ,th trong s ngoi chc nng l dng c o
vn k cn c chc nng nh mi in tr khc. Do s ch ca vn k cn c tnh
bng cng thc UV=Iv.Rv...
Mi bi tp c th c nhiu cch gii, vi mi bi tp phi quan st tm c cch gii hp l.
I.CC BI TNH TON N THUN
Bi 1. Tnh hiu in th gia hai cc ca mt ngun c sut in ng l , bit in tr trong v ngoi l nh
nhau ?

s:
2

Bi 2. Nu mc in tr 16 vi mt b pin th cng dng in trong mch bng 1 A. Nu mc in tr 8

vo b pin th cng bng 1,8 A. Tnh sut in ng v in tr trong ca b pin
8

S: R=2;=18V
Bi 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Ngun in c sut in ng E = 7,8V,v in tr
trong r = 0,4. Cc in tr mch ngoi R1 = R2 = R3 = 3, R4 = 6.
a. Tnh cng dng in chy qua cc in tr v hiu in th hai u mi in tr.
b. Tnh hiu in th gia hai im C v D.
c. Tnh hiu in th hai u ngun in v hiu sut ca ngun in.
S:a.I1=I2=1,17A, I3=I4=0,78A, U12=3,5V; U3=2,34V; U4=4,68V
b.UCD=-1,17V
C.H=90%
Bi 5:Cho s mch in nh hnh v
R1 = 8 ; R2 = 3; R3 = 6; R4 = 4; E = 15V, r = 1
C = 3F, Rv v cng ln
a. Xc nh cng dng in chy trong mch
b. Xc nh s ch ca Vn k
c. Xc nh in tch ca t

V
,r

R4

R1

R2
R3

S: a.1A b.14V c.30C

C
Bi 6:Cho s mch in nh hnh v
R1 = R3 =15 ; R2 = 10; R4 = 9; R5 = 3; E = 24V, r = 1,5
C = 2F, RA khng ng k
a. Xc nh s ch v chiu dng in qua Ampe k
b. Xc nh nng lng ca t

R5

,r

A
R1

R2

R3

R4

S:a.1A b.2,25.10-4(J)
C
A
1 ,r1

2 ,r2

R1
R4
Bi 7
Cho s mch in nh hnh v
R1 = 15 ; R2 = 10; R3 =20 ; R4 = 9; E1 = 24V,E2 =20V; r1 = 2; r2 = 1,
R3
RA khng ng k; RV c in tr rt ln
R2
a. Xc nh s ch Vn k V1 v A
V
1
b. Tnh cng sut ta nhit trn R3
c. Tnh hiu sut ca ngun 2
d. Thay A bng mt vn k V2 c in tr v cng ln. Hy xc nh s ch ca V2
S: a.I=1A, U=47/3V b.20/9W c.95%
Bi 8:Cho s mch in nh hnh v
R1 = 8 ; R2 = 6; R3 =12 ; R4 = 4; R5 = 6, E1 = 4V,E2 =6V; r1 = r2
0,5, RA khng ng k; RV c in tr rt ln
a. Tnh cng dng in trong mch chnh
b. Tnh s ch ca Vn k

V
1 ,r1

R5

R1
R4

d.22V

2 ,r2
R2

R3
A

c. Tnh s ch ca Ampe k

Bi 9: Cho s mch in nh hnh v

E = 6V, r = 2,. R1 = 12; R2 = 10; R3 =15; : 3V - 1W
C1 = 2nF, C2 = 8nF; Vn k c in tr v cng ln
Ampe k c in tr khng ng k
a. Xc nh cng dng in chy trong mch chnh
b. Xc nh s ch ca V v Ampe k
c. Xc nh in tch trn t

,r

V
,r

,r

,r

R1

R2
A

R3

S:a.21/23A b.96/23V; 671/460A c.32,1nC

C1
Bi 10 Cho s mch in nh hnh v
Bit E = 12V; r = 0,4; R1 = 10, R2 = 15, R3 = 6, R4 =3, R5 =2. Coi
Ampe k c in tr khng ng k.
a. Tnh s ch ca cc Ampe k
b. Tnh hiu in th UMN
/S: IA = 1,52A; UMN = 7,2V
Bi 11
Cho s mch in nh hnh v
Bit E = 12V; r1 = 1; R1 = 12 ; R4 = 2; Coi Ampe k c in tr khng
ng k.
Khi K m th Ampe k ch 1,5A, Vn k ch 10V
a. Tnh R2 v R3
b. Xc nh s ch ca cc Ampe k v Vn k khi K ng
/S: R2 = 4; R3 = 2; UV = 9,6V; IA = 0,6A

Bi 12
: Cho s mch in nh hnh v
Bit r = 10; R1 = R2= 12; R3 = 6 ; Ampk A1 ch 0,6A
a. Tnh E )
b. Xc nh s ch ca A2
/S: 5,2V, 0,4A

Bi 13:Cho mch in c s . Cho bit 1 = 16 V; r1 = 2 ; 2 =1 V;

r2 = 1; R2 = 4; : 3V - 3W

C2

R1

R2

D
R4

C
R5

R3

,r

V
,r
R1

R3
A

R2

R1

R4

A1

R2

R3
A2

,r

1,r
R1

R2
2,r

R3

10

n sng bnh thng, IA ch bng 0

Tnh R1 v R2
/s: 8 v 9

II.DNG PHNG PHP NGUN TNG NG

Phng php: C th coi mt on cha ngun l ngun tng ng, cng c th gi s chiu dng in, tnh
cc I qua U, p dng nh l v nt tnh. Thng ta chon chiu dng in sao cho tng cc sut in ng ca
my pht ln hn my thu
Bi 1:
Cho s mch in nh hnh v: R1= 4 ; R2 = 2 ; R3 = 6 ,
R4= R5 = 6 , E= 15V , r = 1 ,E' = 3V , r = 1
a. Tnh cng dng in qua mch chnh
b. Tnh s UAB; UCD; UMD
c. Tnh cng sut ca ngun v my thu
/S: I = 1A; UAB = 4V; UCD= - 2/3V; UMD = 34/3V; PN = 15W, PMT = 4W

Bi 2. Cho mach ien nh hnh : 1 = 1,9 V; 2 = 1,7 V; 3 = 1,6 V;

r1 = 0,3 ; r2 = r3 = 0,1 . Ampe ke A ch so 0.
Tnh ien tr R va cng o dong ien qua cac mach nhanh.
s: R = 0,8 , I = 2 A, I1 = I2 = 1 A.
3

3.Cho mach ien nh hnh: cho biet 1 = 2 ; R1 = 3 , R2 = 6 ; r2 = 0,4 .

2
Hieu ien the gia hai cc cua nguon 1 bang khong. Tnh r1 ?

s: 2,4
Bi 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v
E1 15V ; E2 9V ; E3 10V
E2

r1 2; r2 1; r3 3
R1 4; R2 2; R3 6; R4 3
Tnh cng dng in qua R4 v s ch ca vn k
(RV = )?

E3

E1

R1

A
V

R2

R3

B
R4

11

S: I4 =

U 34
= 2/3 A;- Uv = UAB = -E1 + I(R1 + R34) = -9V
R4

r1

5. Cho mach ien nh hnh ve:

1 = 20V, 2 = 32 V, r1 = 1 , r2 = 0,5 , R = 2
Xac nh chieu va cng o dong ien qua moi nhanh ?

r2

s: I1 = 4 A, I2 = 16 A, I = 12 A.

Bi 6: Cho s mch in nh hnh v

3 ngun E1 = 10V, r1 = 0,5; E2 = 20V,r2 = 2; E3 = 12V, r3 = 2;
R1 = 1,5 ; R2 = 4
a. Tnh cng dng in chy trong mch chnh
b. Xc nh s ch ca Vn k
S: UAB = 9,6V, I35,4A b.U=-0,3V

R1

1 ,r1
V

2 ,r2

R2

3, r3

E1, r1

Bi 7: Cho mch in nh hnh.

Cho bit : E1 = 2V ; r1 = 0,1 ; E2 = 1,5V ; r2 = 0,1 ; R = 0,2. Hy tnh :
a) Hiu in th UAB.
b) Cng dng in qua E1, E2 v R.
S : a) UAB = 1,4V ; b) I1 = 6A (pht dng) ; I2 = 1A (pht dng) ; I = 7A.
.

E2, r2

III.DNG NH LUT KICXOP

III. Bi tp v d:
Bi 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v
Bit E1 =8V, r1 = 0,5 , E3 =5V, r2 = 1 ,
R1 = 1,5 , R2 = 4 ,
R1
R3 = 3
Mc vo gia hai im A, B ngun in E2 c in tr trong khng
ng k th dng I2 qua E2 c chiu t B n A v c ln
E1,r1
I2 = 1A. Tnh E2 ,cc dng ca E2 c mc vo im no
Nhn xt:
- Gi gi dng in trong mch nh hnh v, E2 mc cc dng vi A
- Cc i lng cn tm: I1, I3, E2 (3 n)
- Mch c 2 nt ta lp c 1 phng trnh nt, 2 phng
trnh cn li lp cho 2 mt mng NE1MN, NE3MN

R2
A
I2 B

R3
E2,r2

I1 M I3

12

Hng dn
p dng nh lut kicsp ta c
- nh lut nt mng:
Ti M: I1 + I3 I2 = 0
(1)
- nh lut mt mng:
NE1MN: E1 + E2 = I1(R1 + r1) + I2R2
NE3MN: E3 + E2 = I3(R3 + r3) + I2R2
T (1) (2) v (3) ta c h:
I 1+I 3 I 2 =0

E1+E2 =I 1 R1+r1 +I 2R2

1
2
3

(2)
(3)

1
8 +E2 =2I 1 +4 2
5 +E2 =4I 3 +4 3

I 1+I 3 1=0

I 1+I 3 1 =0 1

E2 - 2I 1 +4 =0 2

E2 - 4I 3+1 =0 3

E3+E2 =I 3 R3+r3 +I 2R2

5
Gii h trn ta c: E2 = V V E2 < 0 nn cc dng mc vi B
3
Bi 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v
E = 6V, r = 1 , R1 = 2 , R2 = 5 , R3 = 2,4 ,
R4 = 4,5 , R5 = 3
Tm cng dng in trong cc mch nhnh v UMN

M
R1

R3
R5

R2
R4
Nhn xt:
- Gi gi dng in trong mch nh hnh v
N
- Cc i lng cn tm: I, I1, I2, I3, I4, I5 (6 n)
E,r
- Mch c 4 nt ta lp c 3 phng trnh, 3 phng
trnh cn li lp cho 3 mt mng AMNA, MBNM, ABEA
Hng dn:
p dng nh lut kicsp ta c
- nh lut nt mng:
Ti M: I1 I3 I5 = 0
(1)
Ti A: I I1 I2 = 0
(2)
Ti B: I3 + I4 I = 0
(3)
- nh lut mt mng:
AMNA: 0 = I1R1 + I5R5 I2R2 (4)
M I3
MBNM: 0 = I3R3 I4R4 I5R5 (5)
ABEA: E = I2R2 + I4R4 + Ir
(6)
I5
R1
T (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) v (6) ta c h:
R5
I1 I 3 I 5 0
1
I 1 I 3 I 5 =0
1
I

1
R2
2
I I1 I 2 0
2
I I 1 I 2 =0
A
N I
I I I 0
I2
I +I I =0
3
4
3

3
4
3 4
I

(4)
0 I 1R1 I 5R5 I 2R 2 4
2I 1+3I 5 5I 2 =0
0 IR I R I R 5

2,4I 3 4,5I 4 3I 5 = 0 (5)

3 3
4 4
5 5
E,r

E I 2R2 I 4R 4 Ir 6
5I 2 +4,5I 4 +I =6
6

Chn I, I2, I4 lm n chnh

T (2) I1 = I - I2, t (3) I3 = I I4, t (1) I5 = I1 I3 = (I - I2) (I I4) = - I2 + I4
Thay vo (4) (5) v (6) ta c h

R3
R4

B
I

13

 2(I - I 2 )+3(-I 2 I 4 ) 5I 2 =0

(4)

2,4(I - I 4 ) 4,5I 4 3(-I 2 I 4 ) = 0 (5)

5I +4,5I +I =6
6
4
2
T h trn gii ra I = 1,5A, I2 = 0,45A, I4 = 0,5A. Thay vo trn ta c: I1 = 1,05A, I3 = 1A, I5 = 0,05A
UMN = I5.R5 = 0,05.3 = 0,15V
Bi 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v
E1 = 12,5V, r1 = 1 , E2 = 8V, r2 = 0,5 ,
R1 = R2 =5 , R3 = R4 = 2,5 , R5 = 4 ,
RA = 0,5 .
Tnh cng dng in qua cc in tr
v s ch ca ampe k

R5
E1
A

Hng dn:
p dng nh lut kicsp ta c
- nh lut nt mng:
Ti A: I I1 I5 = 0
(1)
Ti D: I1 I2 I3 = 0
(2)
Ti C: I2 + I5 I4 = 0
(3)
- nh lut mt mng:
ADBA: E2 = I1R1 + I3R3 + I(r2 + RA)
BDCB: 0 = -I3R3 + I2R2 + I4R4
ACBA: E1 + E2 = I5(r1 + R5) + I4R4 + I(r2 + RA)
T (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) v (6) ta c h:
I I 1 I 5=0

I 1 I 2 I 3=0
I +I I =0
2 5 4

E2 =I 1R1+I 3R3+I r2 +RA

0 =-I R +I R +I R
3 3
2 2
4 4

E1+E2 =I 5 r1+R5 +I 4R 4 +I r2 +R A

1
2
3
4
5
6

I1

I5
R4

E2

I3

R3

R1

I4

R2
D

I2

(4)
(5)
(6)

1
2
3
4
5
6

I I 1 I 5 =0

I 1 I 2 I 3=0
I +I I =0
2 5 4

5I 1+2,5I 3+I =8
-2,5I +5I +2,5I =0
3
2
4

5I 5 +2,5I 4 +I =20,5

T (1) I = I1 + I5, (2) I2 = I1 I3, (3) I4 = I2 + I5 = I1 I3 + I5 (*)

Thay vo (4), (5) v (6) ta c h:
5I 1+2,5I 3+(I 1 I 5 ) =8

-2,5I 3+5(I 1 I 3)+2,5(I 1 I 3 I 5) =0

4
5
6

5I 5 +2,5(I 1 I 3 I 5)+(I 1 I 5) =20,5

Gii h ta c: I1 = 0,5A, I3 = 1A, I5 = 2,5A
Thay vo (*) ta c: I = 3A, I2 = -0,5A, I4 = 2A
I2 m chiu ca I2 ngc chiu ta gi s trn
IV. Bi tp tng t:
Bi 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v
Bit E1 = 8V, r1 = 1
RAC = R1, RCB = R2, RAB = 15 , RA = 0.

E1,r1

A
C

E2,r2
A

14

Khi R1 = 12 th ampe k ch 0
Khi R1 = 8 th ampe k ch 1/3A
Tnh E2 v r2
p s: 6V v 2

R2

Bi 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v

Bit E1 =10V, r1 = 2 , E2 =20V, r2 = 3 ,
E3 =30V, r3 = 3 , R1 = R2 = 1 , R3 = 3 ,
R4 = 4 , R5 = 5 , R6 = 6 , R7 = 7
Tm dng in qua cc ngun v UMN
p s: I1 = 0,625A, I2 = 1,625A, I3 = 2,25A,
UMN = 3,75V

R1

R7

E1,r1

E2,r2

R4
E3,r1

R6

Bi 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v

E1 = 1V, E2 = 2V,E3 = 3V r1 = r2 = r3 =0 ,
R1 = 100 , R2 = 200 , R3 = 300 , R4 = 400
Tnh cng dng in qua cc in tr

R3

R5

A
E3,r3

p s: I1 = 6,3mA; I2 = 1,8mA
I3 = 4,5mA, I4 =0

R3
E1,r1
B

E2,r2

R1
C
R4

R2

15