WELDED BRACKET CONNECTION (SHEAR AND BENDING)

From the bending stress and shearing stress shown in the figure, the maximum bending
stress and maximum shearing stress do not occur at the same point on the weld. Maximum
bending stress occurs at the top and bottom while the maximum shearing stress occurs at the
mid-point of the weld. So we cannot combine the two max stresses at any point, but in actual
practice we could assume a uniform variation of shearing stress and therefore we may combined
vectorially the maximum values of the two stresses.

Consider 1mm width of the fillet weld

fx=

MC
I

Where M=Pe
L
C= 2

I=
fv=

( 1 ) L3
12

P
L(1)

Resultant stresses:
R=

( fx)2 +(fv )2

R=0.707 t (0.3) Fu
Where: t= size of fillet welds
Fu= min. tensile strength of fillet weld

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
1. A bracket shown in figure is welded by a fillet weld to a column section. It carries an
eccentric load of 80kN acting at 200mm from the fillet weld shown.
A) Determine the max. bending stress
on the fillet weld.
B) Using elastic method, determine the
maximum force per mm to be
resisted by the fillet weld shown.
C) Determine the size of fillet weld
to carry the load using E70 electrodes
with Fu=485MPa .

SOLUTIONS:
a) Max bending stress per mm of fillet weld:

fv=

MC
I

M = 80000(200)
6
M = 16 10

N.mm

250
2

C=

C = 125
250

I = 3
1

I = 1302083.33

fb=

MC
I

(125) 16 106
fb=
1302083.33
fb=1536 N . mm

b) Max force per mm to be resisted by the fillet weld:

fv =

V
A

fv =

80000
1(250)

fv = 320

R=

N
mm

(320)2+(1536)2

R = 1569 N/mm

c) Size of fillet weld to carry the load:

t=

1569
0.707(1)(0.3)(485)

t = 15.25mm say 16mm

2) From the given welded connection shown in figure, an eccentric load of 455kN is acting at
the distance of 150mm from the flange of the column section. An E70 fillet weld is used on both
sides of the bracket with a minimum tensile strength of Fu=485MPa.

a) Compute the bending stress per

mm resisted by the fillet weld
b) Compute the maximum force
per mm to be resisted by the
fillet weld.
c) Compute the size of the fillet
weld required for the connection
shown.

SOLUTIONS:
a) Bending stress per mm resisted by the fillet weld.
Consider 1mm width of fillet weld:
I = (1) (250)3(2) / 12
I = 2604166.67
M = 45000(150)
M = 6750000 N.mm
C = 125
fx = MC / I
fx = 6750000(125) / 2604166.67
fx = 324 N/mm

b) Maximum force per mm to be resisted by the fillet weld:

P/L = 45000/2(230)
P/L = 90
R2 = (323)2 + (90)2
R = 335.30 N/mm

c) Size of fillet weld using E70 electrodes:

335.30 = 0.707 t (1) (0.3) (485)
t = 3.26 say 4 mm
use 4mm fillet weld

3) A bracket shown in figure is subjected to an eccentric load of 178 kN acting at 100 mm from
the face of the flange of the column section. The angular section is welded to the flange of the
column section by an E70 fillet weld with Fu=485 MPa.

a) Compute the moment of inertia

of the fillet welds.
b) Compute the maximum force per
mm to be resisted by the fillet weld
neglecting the shear force to
be carried by end returns.
c) Compute the size of fillet weld

to carry such load.

SOLUTIONS:
a) Moment of inertia of fillet welds:
Consider 1 mm width of weld.
A1 = 1(250)(2)
A1 = 500
A2 = 12(1)(2)
A2 = 24
A = A1 + A2
A = 500 + 24
A = 524
A = A1y1 + A2y2
524 = 500(125) + 24(0)
= 119.27 mm
Ix = (1(250)3 / 12) (2) + 250(1)(2)(5.73)2 + 12(1)(2)(119.27)2
Ix = 2.962 x 106 mm4

b) Maximum force per mm that the fillet weld can resist.

Neglect the direct shear to be carried by the end returns.
Due to bending:
fx = MC / I
M = 178000(100)
M = 17.8 x 106 N.mm
fx = 17.8 x 106 (130.73) / 2.962 x 106
fx = 785.6 N/mm
Due to direct shear:
fv = P / L
fv = 178000/2(250)
fv = 356 N/mm
R2 = (356)2 + (785.6)2
R = 862.50 N/mm

c) Size of fillet weld.

862.50 = 0.707 t (1)(0.3)(485)
t = 8.38 mm
use t = 8.5 mm fillet weld

WELDED BRACKET CONNECTION (SHEAR AND TORSION)

Eccentrically loaded connections as shown in the figure, is subjected to shear and torsion.

Torsional Moment:
M = Pe
M = P (105+200)
M = 305 P

Torsional Stressses:
fx = M y / J
fy = M x / J

Polar moment of inertia:

J = I x + Iy

Consider 1mm strip of weld:

Ix = (1)(200)3/12 + 150(1)(100)2(2)
Ix = 3.67 x 106 mm4

Iy = [ (1)(150)3/12 + 1(150)(30)2 ] 2 + 200(1)(45)2

Iy = 1.24 x 106 mm4

J = Ix +Iy
J = 3.67x106 + 1.24x106
J = 4.91x106

Direct shear stress:

fv = P / L
fv = P / 150+150+200
fv = P / 500 N/mm

R2 =

( fx)2 +(fy+ fv)2

R = max force per mm to be resisted by the fillet weld

R = 0.707 t (1)(0.3) Fu
t = size of fillet weld required
Fu = min tensile strength of fillet weld

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
1) A bracket shown in the figure is carrying an eccentric load of 80 kN. Use an E70
electrodes with Fu= 485MPa.
a) Determine the value of the polar
moment of inertia.
b) Determine the maximum force
per mm to be resisted by the
fillet weld.
c) Determine the size of the E70xx
fillet weld required for the bracket.

SOLUTIONS:
a) Polar moment of inertia:
Consider 1 mm of weld.
J = (1)(250)3(2) / 12 + 250(1)(2)(100)2
J = 7604166.67 mm4
Check using the formula:
J = L ( L2/12 + x2 + y2)
J = 250(2) [ (250)2/12 + (100)2 + (0)2 ]
J = 7604166.67 mm4

b) Maximum force per mm to be resisted by the fillet weld:

Torsional moment:
M = 80000(200)
M = 16000000 N.mm
M = 16 x 106 N.mm

fx = M y / J
fx = 16 x 106 (125) / 7604166.67
fx = 263 N/mm
fy = M x / J
fy = 16 x 106 (100) / 7604166.67
fy = 210.4 N/mm
P/L = 80000/250(2)
P/L = 160 N/mm
R2 = (263)2 + (370.4)2
R = 454.27 N/mm

c) Size of E70 electrodes fillet weld required for the bracket:

454.27 = 0.707 t (1)(0.3)(485)
t = 4.42
use t = 5mm fillet weld

2) The welded bracket connection is subjected to an eccentric load of 45kN acting as

shown in the figure. An E70 fillet weld is used with a minimum tensile strength
Fu=485 MPa.
a) Compute the centroid of the
fillet welds measured from BC.
b) Compute the moment of inertia
at the centroid of the group
of fillet welds.
c) Compute the appropriate size
of the fillet welds to be used.

SOLUTIONS:
a) Centroid of fillet:
L = L1 + L2 + L3
L = 150 + 200 + 150
L = 500
Lx = L1x1 + L2x2 + L3x3
500x = 150(75) + 200(0) + 150(75)
x = 45mm from BC

b) Polar moment of inertia:

Consider 1 mm width of inertia:
Ix = [150(1)(100)2] 2 + (1)(200)3 / 12
Ix = 3.67 x 106

Iy = [ 1(150)3/12 + 1(150)(30)2 ] 2 + 200(1)(45)2

Iy = 1.24 x 106
J = I x + Iy
J = 3.67 x 106 + 1.24 x 106
J = 4.91 x 106 mm4

c) Size of fillet welds:

M = 45000(200 + 105)
M = 13725000 N.mm
fx = MC / J
fx = 13725000(100) / 4.91 x 106
fx = 276.53 N/mm
fy = MC / J
fy = 13725000(105) / 4.91 x 106
fy = 293.51 N/mm
fv = P / L
fv = 45000 / 500
fv = 90 N/mm
Max force per mm to be resisted by the fillet weld:
R2 = (383.51)2 + (279.53)2
R = 474.57 N/mm
Size of fillet weld:
R = 0.707 t (1)(0.3) Fu
474.57 = 0.707 t (1)(0.3)(485)
t = 4.61 mm say 5mm
use 5mm fillet weld

3) The bracket shown in figure is connected to its support with a 6 mm fillet weld using
E60 electrodes Fu=415 MPa.
a) Compute the torsional moment
to be resisted by the fillet weld
b) Compute the location of the
instantaneous center of rotation
measured from the center of
the fillet welds.
c) Compute the maximum stress
in the fillet welds.

SOLUTIONS:
a) Torsional moment to be resisted by fillet welds.

Locate centroid of fillet welds.

L = L1 + L2 + L3
L = 100 + 300 + 100
L = 500 mm
L x = L1 x1 + L2 x2 + L3 x3
500 x = 100(50) + 300(0) + 100(50)
x = 20
e = 250 x
e = 250 20
e = 230 mm
M = Pe
M = 60000(230)
M = 13.8 x 106 N.mm
M = 13.8 kN.m

b) Location of instantaneous center of rotation:

Polar moment of inertia of group of fillet welds. Consider 1 mm strip.
Ix = (1)(300)3 / 12 + (1)(100)(150)2(2)
Ix = 6750000 mm4
Iy = [ (1)(20)3 / 3 + (1)(80)3 / 3 ] 2 + 300(1)(20)2
Iy = 466667 mm 4
J = I x + Iy
J = 6750000 + 466667
J = 7216667
h = J / eL
h = 7216667 / 230(500)
h = 62.75 mm

c) Maximum stress in the fillet welds:

Maximum force per mm to be resisted
by the fillet welds.
d=

(142.75)2+(150)2

d = 207.07 mm
R=Md/J
R = 60000(230)(207.07) / 7216667
R = 395.97 N/mm
Max stress in the fillet weld:
R = 0.707 t (1)Fv
395.97 = 0.707(6)(1) Fv
Fv = 93.34 MPa (max stress in the fillet weld)

WELDED BEAM CONNECTIONS

SAMPLE PROBLEM:

1) A W 21 x 68 beam is connected to a column section by a welded connection using a

75mm x 75mm x 10mm as its web angle welded to the flanges of the column section
as shown in the figure. The fillet weld is an E60 electrodes having a nominal tensile
strength of Fu = 415MPa. The beam supports reaction of 196 kN. The shop and field
welds is 7mm in size for both column and beam web connection. Use A 36 steel with
Fy = 248 MPa.
a) Investigate if the shop weld to beam connection is adequate.
b) Investigate if the field weld to column flange connection is adequate, if not what
size of fillet weld is required.
c) Investigate if the welded web angle thickness is adequate.

a) Adequacy of shop weld to beam connection.

Consider 1mm thick of fillet weld
Locate centroid of fillet welds.
L = L1 + L2 + L3
L = 65 + 220 + 65
L = 350
Lx = L1x1 + L2x2 + L3x3
350x = 65(32.5) + 220(0) + 65(32.5)
x = 12.07 mm

Polar moment of inertia of fillet welds:

Ix = (1)(220)3/12 + 65(1)(110)2(2)
Ix = 2460333.33
Iy = (1)(52.93)3(2)/3 + (1)(12.07)3(2)/3 + (1)(220)(12.07)2
Iy = 132081.55
J = I x + Iy
J = 2460333.33 + 132081.55
J = 2592414.88
Torsional moment:
M = 98000(62.93)
M = 6167140 N.mm
Torsional stress:
fx = M y / J
fx = 6167140(110) / 2592414.88
fx = 261.68 N/mm
fy = M x / J
fy = 6167140(52.93) / 2592414.88
fy = 125.92 N/mm
Direct shear stress:
fv = R / L
fv = 98000 / 350
fv = 280 N/mm
Maximum force per mm to be resisted by fillet weld:
RA2 = (405.92)2 + (261.68)2
RA = 482.96 N/mm
Shear capacity of the 7mm fillet weld:
q = 0.707 t (1)(0.3) Fu
q = 0.707 (7)(1)(0.3)(415)
q = 616.15 N/mm > 482.96 N/mm
The 7 mm shop fillet weld to the beam web is adequate.

b) Adequacy of the fillet weld to column flange:

NSCP Specs and AISC Specs.

The field welds are subjected to a rotation effect which causes the web angles to be
forced against the beam web at the top and pushed apart at the bottom, tending to shear
horizontally the fillet weld. The usual practice is to consider that the neutral axis dividing the
tension from compression is located 1/6 of the way down from the top of the angles. The
horizontal shear stress is assumed to vary from zero at point A, to a maximum at the bottom of
the angles.

MA = 0
F h = 98000(75)
F(2/3)(183.33) = 98000(75)
F = 60137.5 N
F = fx (183.33) / 2
60137.5 = fx (183.33) / 2
fx = 656.06 N/mm

Direct shear stress:

fv = 98000 / 220
fv = 445.45 N/mm

Maximum force per mm to be resisted by the fillet weld:

R2 = (445.45)2 + (656.06)2
R = 793 N/mm

Capacity of the 7mm fillet welds:

q = 0.707(7)(1)(0.3)(415)
q = 616.15 N/mm < 793 N/mm (not adequate)

Size of fillet weld required for the column flange weld:

R = 0.707 t (1)(0.3) Fu
793 = 0.707 t (1)(0.3)(415)
t = 9 mm
use 9 mm fillet weld

c) Adequacy of web angle:

q = 793 N/mm (Capacity of 9 mm fillet weld on the column flange)
For the length of 220 mm fillet weld:
Capacity of fillet weld = Capacity of angle due to shear
793(220) = tw (220)(0.40)Fy
793 = tw (0.40)(248)
tw = 8 mm required thickness
The angular section is adequate has
A thickness of 10mm > 8mm (required)

2) Two framing angles are welded to the web of a wide flange using A36 steel (Fy = 250
MPa) and E70 electrodes Fu = 485 MPa. Using elastic method and SMAW process
a) Determine the polar moment of inertia of the group of welds.
b) Determine the fillet weld size of the connection shown.
c) Determine the thickness of the angle.

SOLUTIONS:
a) Polar moment of inertia of the group of welds
A1 = 62.5(1)(2)
A1 = 125
A2 = 300(1)
A2 = 300
A = A1 + A2
A = 125 + 300
A = 425 mm

A x = A1x1 + A2x2
425 x = 125(62.5/2) + 300(0)
x = 9.19 m
Ix = (1)(300)3/12 + 62.5(1)(150)2(2)
Ix = 5062500
Iy = [ (1)(9.19)3/3 + (1)(53.31)3/3 ] 2 + 300(9.19)2
Iy = 126857
J = I x + Iy
J = 50625000 + 126857
J = 5189357 mm 4 (polar moment of inertia)

b) Fillet weld size for the connection shown

e = 75 9.19
e = 65.81
M = 200000(65.81)
M = 13162000 N.mm
fx = M y / J
fx = 13162000(150) / 5189357
fx = 380.45 N/mm
fy = M x / J
fy = 13162000(53.31) / 5189357
fy = 135.21 N/mm
fp = 200000 / 425
fp = 470.06
R2 = (605.27)2 + (380.45)2
R = 714.91 N/mm
R = 0.707 t (1)(0.3) Fu
714.91 = 0.707 t (1)(0.3)(485)
t = 6.95 mm
Use t = 7mm

c) Thickness of the angle.

Shear stress of the angular section

Shear capacity of weld = shear capacity of angle

Shear capacity of weld = AS (0.40) Fy
Shear capacity of weld = 714.91 (425)
Shear capacity of weld = 303,836.75
Shear capacity of angle = AS (0.40) Fy
Shear capacity of angle = t (300)(0.40)(250)
Shear capacity of angle = 30,000 t
303,836.75 = 30,000 t
t = 10.13 mm
Use t = 10.50 mm

3) The figure shows a typical framed connection between a beam and the flange of a
column. The angles have been shop-welded to the beam web and field welded to the
column. The web angles are 75mm x 75mm x 10mm. The beam reaction is 196kN.
Using an E70 electrodes (SMAW) process with Fu = 485 MPa and all structural steel
is A36 Fy = 250MPa.
a) Determine the polar moment of inertia of the shop weld
b) Determine the size of fillet shop weld
c) Determine the size of the fillet field weld NSCP states that the horizontal shear in
the field weld is assumed to vary from zero at 1/6 point from the top to a
maximum at the bottom of the angles.

SOLUTIONS:
a) Polar moment of inertia of the shop weld:
Consider 1mm strip of weld:
A1 = 65(1)(2)
A1 = 130
A2 = 220(1)
A2 = 220

A = A1 + A2
A = 130 + 220
A = 350
A x = A1x1 + A2x2
350 x = 130(32.5) + 220(0)
x = 12.07
Ix = 1/12 (1)(220)3 + 65(1)(2)(110)2
Ix = 2460333
Iy = [ 1(52.93)3/3 + 1(12.07)3/3 ] 2 + 220(1)(12.07)2
Iy = 132084
Polar method of inertia:
J = I x + Iy
J = 2460333 + 132084
J = 2529417 mm4

b) Size of fillet shop weld:

fp = 196000/2(350)
fp = 280 N/m
fx = M y / J
fx = 19600(62.93) / 2
M = 6167140 N.mm
fx = 6167140(110) / 2529417
fx = 268.20 N/mm
fy = M x / J
fy = 6167140(52.93) / 2529417
fy = 129.05 N/mm
R2 = (268.20)2 + (409.05)2
R = 489.14 N/mm
Shear capacity of fillet weld per mm:
R = 0.707 t (1)(0.3)Fu
489.14 = 0.707 t (1)(0.3)(485)
t = 4.75 mm
Use t = 5 mm shop weld

c) Size of the fillet weld.

Considering 1 mm strip of weld.
NSCP states that the horizontal shear in the field weld is assumed to vary from zero at
1/6 point from the top to a maximum at the bottom of the angles.

M = F(2/3) L
F = fx(5/6)L / 2
F = fx(5)(220) / 2(6)
F = 91.67 fx
M = F(2/3)L
98000(75) = 91.67 fx (2/3) (220)
fx = 546.67
fy = 98000/220
fy = 445.45 N/mm
R2 = (445.45)2 + (546.67)2
R = 705.18 N/mm
Shear capacity of field weld per mm:
R = 0.707(1)(0.3)Fu
705.18 = 0.707 t (1)(0.3)(485)
t = 6.86 mm
Use t = 7mm field weld

END PLATE SHEAR CONNECTION

SAMPLE PROBLEM:

1) The figure shows an end-plate shear connection. All structural steel is A36
(Fy=250MPa, Fu=400MPa). The electrode use is an E70 SMAW (Fu = 485 MPa).
Diameter of bolt is 19 mm. Thickness of fillet weld is 6 mm. Diameter of hole is 3
mm greater than bolt diameter.
Allowable shearing stress of bolts = 117 MPa
Allowable bearing stress of bolts = 1.2 Fu

a) Determine the allowable beam reaction due to capacity of plates. Assume

reduction factor of 0.85.
b) Determine the allowable beam reaction due to capacity of bolts
c) Determine the allowable beam reaction due to shear capacity of the 6mm fillet
weld.

SOLUTIONS:
a) Allowable beam reaction due to capacity of plates.
Due to gross area of plates.
R = 0.6 Fy Ag
R = 0.6(250)(460)(8)
R = 552000 N
Due to net area of plate:

Diameter of hole = 19 + 3
Diameter of hole = 22 mm
R = 0.50 Fu Ae
Ae = U An
Ae = 0.85 [ 460 2(22) ] (8)
Ae = 2828.8 mm2
R = 0.5(400)(2828.8)
R = 565760 N
Allowable beam reaction due to capacity of plates = 552 kN

b) Allowable beam reaction due to capacity of bolts.

Due to shear of bolts:
R = Av fv
R = /4 (19)2 (8)(117)
R = 265383 N
Due to bearing of bolts:

R = Ab Fp
R = 1.2 Fu
R = 22(8)(1.2)(400)(8)
R = 675840 N
Allowable beam reaction due to capacity of bolts:
R = 265.38 kN

c) Allowable beam reaction to the shear capacity of fillet welds.

Note: (NSCP Specification)
Effective length of weld:
L = plate length minus twice the weld size
Effective length of one weld = 300 2(6)
Effective length of one weld = 288 mm
R = 0.707 t L (0.3)Fu
R = 0.707(6)(288)(0.3)(485)(2)
R = 355514 N
R = 355.51 kN
Allowable beam reaction due to shear capacity of fillet weld:
R = 355.51 kN
Check:
Shear capacity of weld per mm:
T = 0.707(6)(0.3)(485)
T = 617.21 N/mm
Shear capacity of web:
T = 0.40Fytw
T = 0.40(250)(9.9)
T = 990 N/mm
617.21 < 990 N/mm

OK

2) A W 460 x 90 beam is framed to the flange of W 200 x 46 column. All structural steel
is A 36, Fy = 250 MPa, Fu = 400 MPa. The end reaction is P. Use 18 mm A 325
bolts with an allowable shearing stress of 117 MPa and an 8 mm thick plate.
Allowable bearing capacity of bolts = 1.2 Fu

a) Determine the end reaction due to shear capacity of bolts.

b) Determine the end reaction due to bearing capacity of bolts.
c) Determine the end reaction due to 5 mm fillet weld on each side of the beam web
using the available effective length of fillet weld on end plate shear connections. Use
E70 electrodes with Fu = 483.8 MPa

SOLUTIONS:
a) End reaction due to shear capacity of bolts:
P = /4 (18)2 (6)(117)
P = 178637 N

b) End reaction due to bearing capacity of bolts:

P = 18(8)(1.2)(400)(6)
P = 414720 N

c) End reaction due to 5 mm fillet weld:

Effective length of fillet weld equal to plate length minus twice the weld size. The
weld size to the beam should be such that the weld shear capacity per mm does not
exceed the beam web shear capacity per mm.
Effective length of weld = 212.50 2(5)
Effective length of weld = 202.50 mm on each side of the web
End reaction = 0.707 t L (0.3) Fu
P = 0.707 (5)(202.50)(2)(0.3)(483.8)
P = 207,793 N
Shear capacity of weld = 0.707 t (0.3) Fu (2)
Shear capacity of weld = 0.707 (5)(0.3)(483.3)(2)
Shear capacity of weld/mm = 1026 N/mm
Shear capacity of web/mm = 0.40 Fy tw
Shear capacity of web/mm = 0.40(250)(10.5)
Shear capacity of web/mm = 1050 N/mm > 1026

OK!

Chapter 1
(WELDED BRACKET-SHEAR AND BENDING)

Chapter 2

(WELDED BRACKET-SHEAR AND TORSION)

Chapter 3
(WELDED BEAM CONNECTION)

Chapter 4
(END-PLATE SHEAR CONNECTION)

PROBLEM SET
(STEEL DESIGN)

Richard P. Amorsolo
(BSCE-V)