GRAMMAR 1ST TERM

VERB TENSES
PRESENT SIMPLE
Estructura:
Uso:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Raz del verbo + -s / -es

LEARN/-S

Cosas en general.
Hbitos o acciones frecuentes.
Verdades absolutas.
Acciones futuras que comienzan con if, when, until, etc.
Horarios.

Ejemplos:
a) Andalusia is a region in southern Spain.
b) He studies every afternoon.
c)
The sun rises every morning.
d) Ill send you my assignment when I finish it. // I wont send you my assignment until I
finish it.
e) The train leaves this evening.
PASADO SIMPLE
Estructura:
Uso:
a)
b)
c)

Raz del verbo + -ed

LEARNT / -ED

Acciones concluidas.
Situaciones que ocurrieron en el pasado en un tiempo concreto.
Hbitos en el pasado.

Ejemplos:
a) My mother died two years ago.
b) One of my brothers spent a week in Colombia in 2009.
c)
When I was at secondary school, I studied hard.
PRESENT PERFECT
Estructura:
Uso:
a)

Presente simple de have + participio de pasado del verbo principal

HAVE / HAS LEARNT / ED

Acciones que acontecieron en un tiempo indefinido del pasado, aunque an afectan

al presente.

b)

Acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y continan hasta el presente. Normalmente

van acompaadas de for o since.

Ejemplos:
a) I have broken my arm.
b) I have taught English since 1980.
PAST PERFECT
Estructura:
Uso:
a)

Pasado simple de have + participio de pasado del verbo principal.

HAD LEARNT / ED

Acciones pasadas que ocurren antes que otras actividades tambin pasadas,
normalmente van seguidas de when, before, by the time, after.

Ejemplo:
a) By the time the civil guards arrived, the terrorists had already left.
CONTINUOUS TENSES
The present continuous and past continuous tenses refer to:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Events happening at a particular moment

Temporary situations or events
Changing and developing situations
The future (or the future in the past

Ejemplos
a)
b)
c)
d)

I cant come now. Im doing my homework

Were staying in a wonderful hotel
This area is developing quickly because of tourism
John and Matt are going to France this summer

The present perfect continuous and past perfect continuous tenses refer to:
a) Events continuing up to a particular moment or stopping just before it
Im tired because Ive been running
SO, SUCH, TOO, ENOUGH

So + adj. + that
So + adv. + that
So + many or much + noun + that
Such + an or an + adj. + singular noun + that
Such + adj. + plural noun + that
Such + a lot of + noun + that
Too + adj. + for and or full infinitive

Too + adv. + for and or full infinitive

Too + many/much + noun + for and or full infinitive
(not) enough (noun) + for and/or full infinitive
(not) adj/adv + enough + for and/or full infinitive

USED TO, WOULD, BE/GET USED TO

Used to

Past states: we used to own a holiday home around here

Past habits: we used to come here on holiday every year when I was a child

Would

Past habits: we would come here on holiday every year when I was a child

Be/get used to

Situations that are now familiar or no longer strange: It was strange staying in a hotel
at first, but I soon got used to it.