Steel Design Final Project - Tradeoffs For All Structural Members, Excel Program

RESULT OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR COLUMNS
GF-2F
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
C12
C13
C14
C15
C16
C17
C18
C19
C20
C21
C22
C23
C24
C25
C26
C27
C28
C29
C30
C31
C32
Fx
589.48
1065.94
875.21
706.44
699.49
698.16
696.09
694.00
692.21
663.02
425.71
1087.97
2133.68
1776.28
1425.71
1415.28
1417.18
1417.51
1418.21
1419.45
1355.63
763.34
377.21
836.79
669.88
492.66
489.59
492.91
495.40
498.06
501.03
477.37
Mz
25.04
17.06
25.00
19.90
20.28
20.58
20.87
21.13
21.39
22.27
23.38
21.84
1.51
11.91
0.36
0.24
0.17
0.30
0.37
0.72
5.34
2.44
34.02
19.20
13.50
19.97
20.26
20.46
20.56
20.60
21.51
19.77
2F-3F
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
C12
C13
C14
C15
C16
C17
C18
C19
C20
C21
C22
C23
C24
C25
C26
C27
C28
C29
C30
C31
C32
Fx
471.59
852.75
700.16
565.15
559.60
558.53
556.87
555.20
553.77
530.41
340.57
870.38
1706.94
1421.03
1140.57
1132.23
1133.74
1134.00
1134.57
1135.56
1084.50
610.67
301.77
669.43
535.90
394.13
391.67
394.33
396.32
398.45
400.83
381.90
Mz
30.05
20.47
29.99
23.88
24.33
24.70
25.05
25.35
25.67
26.73
28.05
26.21
1.81
14.29
0.43
0.28
0.20
0.36
0.44
0.87
6.41
2.93
40.83
23.04
16.20
23.96
24.31
24.55
24.67
24.72
25.81
23.72
3F-4F
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
C12
C13
C14
C15
C16
C17
C18
C19
C20
C21
C22
C23
C24
C25
C26
C27
C28
C29
C30
C31
C32
C33
213.19
15.79
C33
170.56
18.95
C33
Max (Ext)
1087.97
21.84
Max (Ext)
870.38
26.21
Max (Ext)
Max (Int)
2133.68
1.51
Max (Int)
1706.94
1.81
Max (Int)
73
RESULT OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR COLUMNS

4F-5F
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
Fx
235.79
426.37
350.08
282.58
279.80
279.26
278.44
277.60
Mz
40.06
27.30
39.99
31.84
32.44
32.93
33.39
33.80
5F-R
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
Fx
117.90
213.19
175.04
141.29
139.90
139.63
139.22
138.80
Mz
45.07
30.71
44.99
35.82
36.50
37.05
37.57
38.03
C9
C10
C11
C12
C13
C14
C15
C16
C17
C18
C19
C20
C21
C22
C23
C24
C25
C26
C27
C28
C29
C30
C31
C32
276.89
265.21
170.28
435.19
853.47
710.51
570.28
566.11
566.87
567.00
567.28
567.78
542.25
305.34
150.88
334.71
267.95
197.06
195.84
197.16
198.16
199.23
200.41
190.95
34.23
35.64
37.40
34.95
2.42
19.06
0.58
0.38
0.27
0.47
0.59
1.16
8.54
3.90
54.43
30.72
21.61
31.95
32.42
32.73
32.90
32.96
34.42
31.63
C9
C10
C11
C12
C13
C14
C15
C16
C17
C18
C19
C20
C21
C22
C23
C24
C25
C26
C27
C28
C29
C30
C31
C32
138.44
132.60
85.14
217.59
426.74
355.26
285.14
283.06
283.44
283.50
283.64
283.89
271.13
152.67
75.44
167.36
133.98
98.53
97.92
98.58
99.08
99.61
100.21
95.47
38.50
40.09
42.08
39.32
2.72
21.44
0.65
0.42
0.31
0.53
0.66
1.30
9.61
4.39
61.24
34.56
24.31
35.94
36.47
36.83
37.01
37.08
38.72
35.58
C33
85.28
25.26
C33
42.64
28.42
Max (Ext)
435.19
34.95
Max (Ext)
217.59
39.32
Max (Int)
853.47
2.42
Max (Int)
426.74
2.72
74
RESULT OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR BEAMS

2nd F
3rd F
4th F
BEAMS PARALLEL TO Z-AXIS

B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
55.11
65.97
14.82
7.88
7.92
46.62
49.14
17.18
15.7
15.72
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
57.8655
69.2685
15.561
8.274
8.316
48.951
51.597
18.039
16.485
16.506
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B12
B13
B14
B15
B16
B17
B18
B19
B20
B21
B22
B23
B24
B25
B26
B27
B28
B29
7.76
7.67
7.71
7.25
2.25
134.57
150.12
53.51
39.42
39.7
39.56
39.58
39.63
38.88
27.99
78.89
84.64
38.88
31.76
32.02
32.04
32.12
32.21
31.88
15.65
15.62
15.6
15.62
13.53
99.82
103.46
44.85
41.93
42.06
42.01
42.01
42.06
42.14
38.32
52.997
54.24
27.78
26.33
26.49
26.46
26.49
26.54
26.54
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B12
B13
B14
B15
B16
B17
B18
B19
B20
B21
B22
B23
B24
B25
B26
B27
B28
B29
8.148
8.0535
8.0955
7.6125
2.3625
141.2985
157.626
56.1855
41.391
41.685
41.538
41.559
41.6115
40.824
29.3895
82.8345
88.872
40.824
33.348
33.621
33.642
33.726
33.8205
33.474
16.4325
16.401
16.38
16.401
14.2065
104.811
108.633
47.0925
44.0265
44.163
44.1105
44.1105
44.163
44.247
40.236
55.64685
56.952
29.169
27.6465
27.8145
27.783
27.8145
27.867
27.867
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B12
B13
B14
B15
B16
B17
B18
B19
B20
B21
B22
B23
B24
B25
B26
B27
B28
B29
B30
27.97
25.71
B30
29.3685
26.9955
B30
BEAMS PARALLEL TO X-AXIS

B31
B32
201.38
227.96
83.18
124.15
B31
B32
181.242
205.164
74.862
111.735
B31
B32
75
B33
B34
B35
B36
B37
B38
B39
B40
B41
B42
B43
B44
B45
B46
B47
B48
B49
B50
B51
217.96
209.08
205.84
202.72
199.57
196.39
193.2
189.83
159.69
199.34
277.39
262.57
248.92
246.92
244.81
242.69
240.56
238.41
236.56
117.56
111.27
110.49
109.75
109
108.24
107.484
106.63
69.05
97.77
152.89
144.601
136.72
136
135.25
134.5
133.74
132.97
132.26
B33
B34
B35
B36
B37
B38
B39
B40
B41
B42
B43
B44
B45
B46
B47
B48
B49
B50
B51
196.164
188.172
185.256
182.448
179.613
176.751
173.88
170.847
143.721
179.406
249.651
236.313
224.028
222.228
220.329
218.421
216.504
214.569
212.904
105.804
100.143
99.441
98.775
98.1
97.416
96.7356
95.967
62.145
87.993
137.601
130.1409
123.048
122.4
121.725
121.05
120.366
119.673
119.034
B33
B34
B35
B36
B37
B38
B39
B40
B41
B42
B43
B44
B45
B46
B47
B48
B49
B50
B51
B52
163.41
82.03
B52
147.069
73.827
B52
Max (Ext)
201.38
83.18
Max (Ext)
181.242
74.862
Max (Ext)
Max (Int)
277.39
152.89
Max (Int)
249.651
137.601
Max (Int)
76
RESULT OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR BEAMS

5th F
Roof
BEAMS PARALLEL TO Z-AXIS

B1
B2
B3
63.3765
75.8655
17.043
53.613
56.511
19.757
B1
B2
B3
66.132
79.164
17.784
55.944
58.968
20.616
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B12
B13
B14
B15
B16
B17
B18
B19
B20
B21
B22
B23
B24
B25
B26
B27
B28
B29
9.062
9.108
8.924
8.8205
8.8665
8.3375
2.5875
154.7555
172.638
61.5365
45.333
45.655
45.494
45.517
45.5745
44.712
32.1885
90.7235
97.336
44.712
36.524
36.823
36.846
36.938
37.0415
36.662
18.055
18.078
17.9975
17.963
17.94
17.963
15.5595
114.793
118.979
51.5775
48.2195
48.369
48.3115
48.3115
48.369
48.461
44.068
60.94655
62.376
31.947
30.2795
30.4635
30.429
30.4635
30.521
30.521
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B12
B13
B14
B15
B16
B17
B18
B19
B20
B21
B22
B23
B24
B25
B26
B27
B28
B29
9.456
9.504
9.312
9.204
9.252
8.7
2.7
161.484
180.144
64.212
47.304
47.64
47.472
47.496
47.556
46.656
33.588
94.668
101.568
46.656
38.112
38.424
38.448
38.544
38.652
38.256
18.84
18.864
18.78
18.744
18.72
18.744
16.236
119.784
124.152
53.82
50.316
50.472
50.412
50.412
50.472
50.568
45.984
63.5964
65.088
33.336
31.596
31.788
31.752
31.788
31.848
31.848
B30
32.1655
29.5665
B30
33.564
30.852
BEAMS PARALLEL TO X-AXIS

77
B31
B32
B33
B34
B35
B36
B37
B38
B39
B40
B41
B42
B43
B44
B45
B46
B47
B48
B49
B50
B51
140.966
159.572
152.572
146.356
144.088
141.904
139.699
137.473
135.24
132.881
111.783
139.538
194.173
183.799
174.244
172.844
171.367
169.883
168.392
166.887
165.592
58.226
86.905
82.292
77.889
77.343
76.825
76.3
75.768
75.2388
74.641
48.335
68.439
107.023
101.2207
95.704
95.2
94.675
94.15
93.618
93.079
92.582
B31
B32
B33
B34
B35
B36
B37
B38
B39
B40
B41
B42
B43
B44
B45
B46
B47
B48
B49
B50
B51
120.828
136.776
130.776
125.448
123.504
121.632
119.742
117.834
115.92
113.898
95.814
119.604
166.434
157.542
149.352
148.152
146.886
145.614
144.336
143.046
141.936
49.908
74.49
70.536
66.762
66.294
65.85
65.4
64.944
64.4904
63.978
41.43
58.662
91.734
86.7606
82.032
81.6
81.15
80.7
80.244
79.782
79.356
B52
114.387
57.421
B52
98.046
49.218
Max (Ext)
154.7555
114.793
Max (Ext)
161.484
119.784
Max (Int)
194.173
107.023
Max (Int)
180.144
124.152
78
RESULT OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR TENSION MEMBERS
Left and Right

Member
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
T13
T14
T15
T16
T17
T18
T19
T20
Max
P (kN)
18.636
24.591
24.591
18.636
15.496
24.457
24.457
15.496
9.403
22.905
22.905
9.403
1.84
19.66
19.66
1.84
7.233
16.636
16.636
7.233
24.591
79
EXTERNAL COLUMN
INTERNAL COLUMN
Fx
353.69
639.56
525.12
423.87
419.70
418.90
417.65
416.40
415.33
397.81
255.42
652.78
1280.21
1065.77
855.43
849.17
850.31
850.50
850.93
851.67
813.38
458.00
226.32
502.07
401.93
295.60
293.75
295.74
297.24
298.84
300.62
286.42
Mz
35.05
23.88
34.99
27.86
28.39
28.82
29.22
29.58
29.95
31.18
32.73
30.58
2.12
16.67
0.50
0.33
0.24
0.41
0.52
1.01
7.48
3.41
47.63
26.88
18.91
27.96
28.37
28.64
28.78
28.84
30.11
27.68
127.92
22.10
652.78
30.58
1280.21
2.12
80
EXTERNAL COLUMN
INTERNAL COLUMN
81
EXTERNAL COLUMN
INTERNAL COLUMN
M
60.621
72.567
16.302
8.668
8.712
51.282
54.054
18.898
17.27
17.292
8.536
8.437
8.481
7.975
2.475
148.027
165.132
58.861
43.362
43.67
43.516
43.538
43.593
42.768
30.789
86.779
93.104
42.768
34.936
35.222
35.244
35.332
35.431
35.068
17.215
17.182
17.16
17.182
14.883
109.802
113.806
49.335
46.123
46.266
46.211
46.211
46.266
46.354
42.152
58.2967
59.664
30.558
28.963
29.139
29.106
29.139
29.194
29.194
30.767
28.281
161.104
182.368
66.544
99.32
82
174.368
167.264
164.672
162.176
159.656
157.112
154.56
151.864
127.752
159.472
221.912
210.056
199.136
197.536
195.848
194.152
192.448
190.728
189.248
94.048
89.016
88.392
87.8
87.2
86.592
85.9872
85.304
55.24
78.216
122.312
115.6808
109.376
108.8
108.2
107.6
106.992
106.376
105.808
130.728
65.624
161.104
66.544
221.912
122.312
83
EXTERNAL COLUMN
INTERNAL COLUMN
84
85
N MEMBERS
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
,
BEAM DESIGN - TRADEOFF 1 (ROLLED SECTIONS)
GOVERNING BEAM IN TRANSVERSE (BEAM 43)
DESIGN FOR SECOND - FIFTH FLOOR BEAMS
Given Values
Mu
Lb
Fy
f'c
Es
277.39
152.89
7
248
20.7
200000
kNm
kN
m
MPa
MPa
MPa
Ec
21383.708752
MPa
Vu
RESULTS
Part 1. Select a Trial Section for Initial Design

*Assume that fb = 0.60Fy
Determine the required section modulus
fb = Mcap/Sx, solve for Sx
Choose a trial section nearest to the computed Sx
Choosing a Trial Section

fb
Sx
Part 2. Determine if the Section is compact

Criteria of a Compact Section
Trial Section Used: W 18 x 65
a. bf/2tf < 170/sqrt(Fy) - flange

b. d/tw < 1680/sqrt(Fy) - web
Part 3. Unbraced Length
L1 = 200bf/sqrt(Fy)
L2 = 137900/((d/Af)*Fy)
The greater value is Lu, and the other is Lc
The given length value is Lb
Part 4. Compute the Allowable Bending Stress - Strong Axis
Case 1. Compact, Lb < Lc
Fb = 0.66Fy
Case 2. Noncompact, Lb < Lc
Flange Only
Fb = Fy*[.79 - 0.000762*(bf/2tf)*sqrt(Fy)]
Flange and Web
Fb = Fy*[.79 - 0.000762*(bf/2tf)*sqrt(Fy/kc)]
Sx
Sy
A
d
bf
tf
tw
h
rt
rx
ry
Ix
Iy
M
W
Compactness of the Section
bf/2tf
170/sqrt(Fy)
80
where kc = 4.05/((h/tw)^0.46) < 70

else, kc = 1
d/tw
1680/sqrt(Fy)
COMPACT
Case 3. Noncompact, Lb < 200bf/sqrt(Fy)

Fb = 0.60Fy
Case 4. Compact of Noncompact, Tension Only Lb > Lc
Fb = 0.60Fy
Case 5. Compact or Noncompact, Compression Only, Lb > Lc
a = sqrt(703270*Cb/Fy)
b = Lb/rt
c = sqrt(3516330*Cb/Fy)
Max Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb1 = Fy*((2/3)-(((Fy*b)^2)/10.55*10^6Cb))
Fb2 = 1172100*Cb/(b^2)
Fb3 = 82740*Cb/(Lb*d/Af)
Cb is equal to 1
If a < b < c, use larger of Fb1 and Fb3
If b > c, use larger of Fb2 and Fb3
Else, Use Fb3
*Always check with the maximum
Part 5. Compute the Allowable Bending Stress - Weak Axis
Case 1. Compact
Fb = 0.75Fy
Case 2. NonCompact
Fb = 0.60Fy
Part 6. Check the Flexural Stress
Compte for actual fb
If fb < Fb, dimensions are "SAFE", else, "Redesign"
*Redesign means select another section
Part 7. Check the Shear Stress
*Actual Shear Stress
fv = Vu/dtw
*Allowable Shear Stress
Max Fv = 0.40Fy
Unbraced Length
L1
L2
Lc
Lu
Lb
Allowable Bending Stress - Strong Axis
Case 1
Fb
Case 2
NC
h/tw
kc
Fb
Case 3
Fb
Case 4
Fb
Case 5
a
b
c
max Fb
Fb1
Fb2
Fb3
Fb
Select Case
Fb
Case 1
Fb
Case 2
Fb
Select Case
81
If h/tw < 998/sqrt(Fy)

Fv = 0.40Fy
Else, we need to add stiffeners, and use
Fv = Fy*Cv/2.89
to solve for Cv,
Let j = h/tw
*Cv = 310264*kv/(Fy*j^2), Cv < 0.8
Cv = 500*sqrt(kv/Fy)/j, Cv > 0.8
Let z = a/h
*kv = 4 + 5.34/z^2, if z < 1
kv = 5.34 + 4/z^2, if z > 1
*a < h*(260/j)^2
If fv < Fv, the section is "SAFE", else "Redesign"
Part 8. Check the deflection
*Actual Deflection
x = 5*W*(Lb^4)/EIx
y = 5*W*(Lb^4)/EIy
actual = sqrt(x^2 + y^2)
W is the weight by the moment, and section
*Allowable Deflection
allowable = L/360
If actual < allowable, the section is "SAFE",
else "Redesign"
Fb
Check for Flexural
fb(actual)
Fb
REDESIGN
Check for Shear
fv
max Fv
j
a
a/h
kv
Cv
Fv
Fv
SAFE
Check for Deflection
W
x
y
actual
allwable
SAFE
82

GOVERNING BEAM IN INTERIOR LONGITUDINAL
Given Values
Mu
Lb
Fy
f'c
Es
150.12
103.46
4.5
248
20.7
200000
kNm
kN
m
MPa
MPa
MPa
Ec
21383.708752
MPa
Vu
RESULTS


fb
Sx


L1 = 200bf/sqrt(Fy)
L2 = 137900/((d/Af)*Fy)
Fb = 0.66Fy
Flange Only
Fb = Fy*[.79 - 0.000762*(bf/2tf)*sqrt(Fy)]
Sx
Sy
A
d
bf
tf
tw
h
rt
rx
ry
Ix
Iy
M
W
83
Flange and Web

where kc = 4.05/((h/tw)^0.46) < 70
else, kc = 1
bf/2tf
170/sqrt(Fy)
d/tw
1680/sqrt(Fy)
COMPACT

Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb = 0.60Fy
b = Lb/rt
c = sqrt(3516330*Cb/Fy)
Max Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb1 = Fy*((2/3)-(((Fy*b)^2)/10.55*10^6Cb))
Fb2 = 1172100*Cb/(b^2)
Fb3 = 82740*Cb/(Lb*d/Af)
Cb is equal to 1
Else, Use Fb3
Case 1. Compact
Fb = 0.75Fy
Case 1. NonCompact
Fb = 0.60Fy
fv = Vu/dtw
Unbraced Length
L1
L2
Lc
Lu
Lb
Case 1
Fb
Case 2
NC
h/tw
kc
Fb
Case 3
Fb
Case 4
Fb
Case 5
a
b
c
max Fb
Fb1
Fb2
Fb3
Fb
Select Case
Fb
Case 1
Fb
Case 2
84

Max Fv = 0.40Fy
Fv = 0.40Fy
Fv = Fy*Cv/2.89
to solve for Cv,
Let j = h/tw
*Cv = 310264*kv/(Fy*j^2), Cv < 0.8
Let z = a/h
*kv = 4 + 5.34/z^2, if z < 1
kv = 5.34 + 4/z^2, if z > 1
*a < h*(260/j)^2
*Actual Deflection
x = 5*W*(Lb^4)/EIx
y = 5*W*(Lb^4)/EIy
allowable = L/360
else "Redesign"
Fb
Select Case
Fb
Check for Flexural
fb(actual)
Fb
SAFE
Check for Shear
fv
max Fv
j
a
a/h
kv
Cv
Fv
Fv
SAFE
W
x
y
actual
allwable
SAFE
85

GOVERNING BEAM IN EXTERIOR LONGITUDINAL
Given Values
Mu
Lb
Fy
f'c
Es
84.64
54.24
4.5
248
20.7
200000
kNm
kN
m
MPa
MPa
MPa
Ec
21383.708752
MPa
Vu
RESULTS


fb
Sx


L1 = 200bf/sqrt(Fy)
L2 = 137900/((d/Af)*Fy)
Fb = 0.66Fy
Sx
Sy
A
d
bf
tf
tw
h
rt
rx
ry
Ix
Iy
M
86

Flange Only
Fb = Fy*[.79 - 0.000762*(bf/2tf)*sqrt(Fy)]
Flange and Web
where kc = 4.05/((h/tw)^0.46) < 70
else, kc = 1
Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb = 0.60Fy
b = Lb/rt
c = sqrt(3516330*Cb/Fy)
Max Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb1 = Fy*((2/3)-(((Fy*b)^2)/10.55*10^6Cb))
Fb2 = 1172100*Cb/(b^2)
Fb3 = 82740*Cb/(Lb*d/Af)
Cb is equal to 1
Else, Use Fb3
Case 1. Compact
Fb = 0.75Fy
Case 1. NonCompact
Fb = 0.60Fy
W
bf/2tf
170/sqrt(Fy)
d/tw
1680/sqrt(Fy)
COMPACT
Unbraced Length
L1
L2
Lc
Lu
Lb
Case 1
Fb
Case 2
NC
h/tw
kc
Fb
Case 3
Fb
Case 4
Fb
Case 5
a
b
c
max Fb
Fb1
Fb2
Fb3
Fb
Select Case
Fb
87

fv = Vu/dtw
Max Fv = 0.40Fy
Fv = 0.40Fy
Fv = Fy*Cv/2.89
to solve for Cv,
Let j = h/tw
*Cv = 310264*kv/(Fy*j^2), Cv < 0.8
Let z = a/h
*kv = 4 + 5.34/z^2, if z < 1
kv = 5.34 + 4/z^2, if z > 1
*a < h*(260/j)^2
*Actual Deflection
x = 5*W*(Lb^4)/EIx
y = 5*W*(Lb^4)/EIy
allowable = L/360
else "Redesign"
Case 1
Fb
Case 2
Fb
Select Case
Fb
Check for Flexural
fb(actual)
Fb
SAFE
Check for Shear
fv
max Fv
j
a
a/h
kv
Cv
Fv
Fv
SAFE
W
x
y
actual
allwable
SAFE
88
S)
BEAMS
BEAMS AT 2ND FLR
Transverse
Interior Longitudinal
Exterior Longitudinal
BEAMS AT 3RD FLR
Transverse
RESULTS
BEAMS AT 4TH FLR
ng a Trial Section
148.80
1864180.11
ction Used: W 18 x 65
1911000.00
236600.00
12323.00
468.10
192.80
19.10
11.40
429.90
50.04
190.11
43.02
445368000.00
22808000.00
105.50
1034.96
MPa
mm3
mm3
mm3
mm2
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
kg/m
kN/m
Transverse
BEAMS AT 5TH FLR
Transverse
BEAMS ATROOF FLR
Transverse
TENSION MEMBE
ALL
ctness of the Section

5.05
10.80
89
41.06
106.68
COMPACT
2448.56
4374.36
2448.56
4374.36
7000.00
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
le Bending Stress - Strong Axis

163.68
MPa
Flange Only
37.71
0.76
180.90
MPa
148.80
MPa
148.80
MPa
53.25
139.89
119.07
148.80
51.25
59.90
92.99
92.99
Case 5
92.99
Flange Only
Web and Flange
180.89978465
kc
0.7625744147
178.71973872
1
2
3
4
5
92.986356761
92.986356761
92.986356761
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5

186.00
MPa
148.8
Case 1
MPa
90
186
145.15
92.99
REDESIGN
MPa
47.86252504
38.195824
42.106595223
5.8247779422
MPa
28.65
99.20
37.71
150.00
0.35
47.86
5.82
499.84
99.20
SAFE
MPa
MPa
1.08
0.38
7.40
7.41
19.44
kN/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
MPa
MPa
or Deflection
SAFE
91
S)
RESULTS
ng a Trial Section
148.80
1008870.97
1060300.00
135400.00
7013.00
406.70
178.70
14.40
8.80
377.90
46.48
168.29
39.78
215808000.00
12029000.00
59.90
587.62
MPa
mm3
mm3
mm3
mm2
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
kg/m
kN/m

92
6.20
10.80
46.22
106.68
COMPACT
2269.49
3518.24
2269.49
3518.24
4500.00
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

163.68
MPa
Flange Only
42.94
0.72
177.45
MPa
148.80
MPa
148.80
MPa
53.25
96.82
119.07
148.80
110.69
125.05
116.34
116.34
Case 1
163.68
Flange Only
Web and Flange
177.4543518
kc
0.7183294668
174.13273498
1
2
3
4
5
116.33646816
125.04659693
116.33646816
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5

186.00
MPa
93
148.8
MPa
186
MPa
Case 1
141.58
163.68
SAFE
37.893195973
30.728161778
25.707065422
4.5512486395
MPa
28.91
99.20
42.94
150.00
0.40
37.89
4.55
390.56
99.20
SAFE
MPa
MPa
0.65
0.08
1.44
1.44
12.50
kN/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
MPa
MPa
or Deflection
SAFE
94
S)
L
RESULTS
ng a Trial Section
148.80
568817.20
577300000.00
58100000.00
4961.00
353.30
127.60
10.70
6.50
331.90
32.51
143.37
27.34
99063000.00
8449000.00
44.60
MPa
mm3
mm3
mm3
mm2
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
kg/m
95
437.53
kN/m

5.96
10.80
54.35
106.68
COMPACT
1620.52
2148.84
1620.52
2148.84
4500.00
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

163.68
MPa
Flange Only
51.06
0.66
178.18
MPa
148.80
MPa
148.80
MPa
53.25
138.42
119.07
148.80
53.64
61.17
71.05
71.05
Case 1
163.68
Flange Only
Web and Flange
178.17527008
kc
0.6633333478
174.13269676
1
2
3
4
5
71.054864799
71.054864799
71.054864799
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5
96
186.00
MPa
148.8
MPa
186
MPa
Case 1
0.15
163.68
SAFE
30.144072773
24.9235751111
14.464180889
3.4139034379
MPa
23.62
99.20
51.06
150.00
0.45
30.14
3.41
292.96
99.20
SAFE
MPa
MPa
0.47
0.13
1.49
1.49
12.50
kN/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
MPa
MPa
or Deflection
SAFE
97
BEAMS
MS AT 2ND FLR
W 18 x 65
W 16 x 40
W 12 x 30
MS AT 3RD FLR
W 18 x 65
W 16 x 40
W 12 x 30
MS AT 4TH FLR
Corner
W 18 x 46
COLUMNS AT 3RD - 4TH FLR

W 18 x 65
W 16 x 40
W 12 x 30
MS AT 5TH FLR
W 18 x 65
W 16 x 40
W 12 x 30
S ATROOF FLR
W 18 x 65
W 16 x 40
W 12 x 30
ALL
COLUMNS
COLUMNS AT GRD - 2ND FLR
Interior
W 27 x 161
Exterior
W 21 x 83
Corner
W 18 x 46
COLUMNS AT 2ND - 3RD FLR
Interior
W 27 x 161
Exterior
W 21 x 83
Interior
W 27 x 161
Exterior
W 21 x 83
Corner
W 18 x 46
COLUMNS AT 4TH - 5TH FLR
Interior
W 27 x 161
Exterior
W 21 x 83
Corner
W 18 x 46
COLUMNS AT 5TH - ROOF FLR
Interior
W 27 x 161
Exterior
W 21 x 83
Corner
W 18 x 46
TENSION MEMBERS
L 40 X 40 X 5
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
,
BEAM DESIGN BASIS - TRADEOFF 2 (BUILT UP SECTIONS)
GOVERNING BEAM INTERIOR TRANSVERSE (BEAM 43)
SECOND FLOOR BEAMS
Given Values
Mu
Lb
Fy
f'c
Es
277.39
152.89
7
248
20.7
200000
kNm
kN
m
MPa
MPa
MPa
Ec
21383.708752
MPa
Vu
RESULTS


fb
Sx

Trial Section Used: BW 450 x 95

L1 = 200bf/sqrt(Fy)
L2 = 137900/((d/Af)*Fy)
Fb = 0.66Fy
Flange Only
Fb = Fy*[.79 - 0.000762*(bf/2tf)*sqrt(Fy)]
Flange and Web
Sx
Sy
A
d
bf
tf
tw
h
rt
rx
ry
Ix
Iy
M
W
bf/2tf
170/sqrt(Fy)
89
where kc = 4.05/((h/tw)^0.46) < 70

else, kc = 1
d/tw
1680/sqrt(Fy)
COMPACT

Fb = 0.60Fy
Case 4. Compact or Noncompact, Tension Only Lb > Lc
Fb = 0.60Fy
b = Lb/rt
c = sqrt(3516330*Cb/Fy)
Max Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb1 = Fy*((2/3)-(((Fy*b)^2)/10.55*10^6Cb))
Fb2 = 1172100*Cb/(b^2)
Fb3 = 82740*Cb/(Lb*d/Af)
Cb is equal to 1
Else, Use Fb3
Case 1. Compact
Fb = 0.75Fy
Case 1. NonCompact
Fb = 0.60Fy
fv = Vu/dtw
Max Fv = 0.40Fy
Unbraced Length
L1
L2
Lc
Lu
Lb
Case 1
Fb
Case 2
NC
h/tw
kc
Fb
Case 3
Fb
Case 4
Fb
Case 5
a
b
c
max Fb
Fb1
Fb2
Fb3
Fb
Select Case
Fb
Case 1
Fb
Case 2
Fb
Select Case
90

Fv = 0.40Fy
Fv = Fy*Cv/2.89
to solve for Cv,
Let j = h/tw
*Cv = 310264*kv/(Fy*j^2), Cv < 0.8
Let z = a/h
*kv = 4 + 5.34/z^2, if z < 1
kv = 5.34 + 4/z^2, if z > 1
*a < h*(260/j)^2
*Actual Deflection
x = 5*W*(Lb^4)/EIx
y = 5*W*(Lb^4)/EIy
allowable = L/360
else "Redesign"
Fb
Check for Flexural
fb(actual)
Fb
REDESIGN
Check for Shear
fv
max Fv
j
a
a/h
kv
Cv
Fv
Fv
SAFE
W
x
y
actual
allwable
SAFE
91

GOVERNING BEAM IN INTERIOR LONGITUDINAL
Given Values
Mu
Lb
Fy
f'c
Es
150.12
103.46
4.5
248
20.7
200000
kNm
kN
m
MPa
MPa
MPa
Ec
21383.708752
MPa
Vu
RESULTS


fb
Sx


L1 = 200bf/sqrt(Fy)
L2 = 137900/((d/Af)*Fy)
Fb = 0.66Fy
Flange Only
Fb = Fy*[.79 - 0.000762*(bf/2tf)*sqrt(Fy)]
Sx
Sy
A
d
bf
tf
tw
h
rt
rx
ry
Ix
Iy
M
W
92
Flange and Web

where kc = 4.05/((h/tw)^0.46) < 70
else, kc = 1
bf/2tf
170/sqrt(Fy)
d/tw
1680/sqrt(Fy)
COMPACT

Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb = 0.60Fy
b = Lb/rt
c = sqrt(3516330*Cb/Fy)
Max Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb1 = Fy*((2/3)-(((Fy*b)^2)/10.55*10^6Cb))
Fb2 = 1172100*Cb/(b^2)
Fb3 = 82740*Cb/(Lb*d/Af)
Cb is equal to 1
Else, Use Fb3
Case 1. Compact
Fb = 0.75Fy
Case 1. NonCompact
Fb = 0.60Fy
fv = Vu/dtw
Unbraced Length
L1
L2
Lc
Lu
Lb
Case 1
Fb
Case 2
NC
h/tw
kc
Fb
Case 3
Fb
Case 4
Fb
Case 5
a
b
c
max Fb
Fb1
Fb2
Fb3
Fb
Select Case
Fb
Case 1
Fb
Case 2
93

Max Fv = 0.40Fy
Fv = 0.40Fy
Fv = Fy*Cv/2.89
to solve for Cv,
Let j = h/tw
*Cv = 310264*kv/(Fy*j^2), Cv < 0.8
Let z = a/h
*kv = 4 + 5.34/z^2, if z < 1
kv = 5.34 + 4/z^2, if z > 1
*a < h*(260/j)^2
*Actual Deflection
x = 5*W*(Lb^4)/EIx
y = 5*W*(Lb^4)/EIy
allowable = L/360
else "Redesign"
Fb
Select Case
Fb
Check for Flexural
fb(actual)
Fb
SAFE
Check for Shear
fv
max Fv
j
a
a/h
kv
Cv
Fv
Fv
SAFE
W
x
y
actual
allwable
SAFE
94

GOVERNING BEAM IN EXTERIOR LONGITUDINAL
Given Values
Mu
Lb
Fy
f'c
Es
84.64
54.24
4.5
248
20.7
200000
kNm
kN
m
MPa
MPa
MPa
Ec
21383.708752
MPa
Vu
RESULTS


fb
Sx


L1 = 200bf/sqrt(Fy)
L2 = 137900/((d/Af)*Fy)
Fb = 0.66Fy
Sx
Sy
A
d
bf
tf
tw
h
rt
rx
ry
Ix
Iy
M
95

Flange Only
Fb = Fy*[.79 - 0.000762*(bf/2tf)*sqrt(Fy)]
Flange and Web
where kc = 4.05/((h/tw)^0.46) < 70
else, kc = 1
Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb = 0.60Fy
b = Lb/rt
c = sqrt(3516330*Cb/Fy)
Max Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb1 = Fy*((2/3)-(((Fy*b)^2)/10.55*10^6Cb))
Fb2 = 1172100*Cb/(b^2)
Fb3 = 82740*Cb/(Lb*d/Af)
Cb is equal to 1
Else, Use Fb3
Case 1. Compact
Fb = 0.75Fy
Case 1. NonCompact
Fb = 0.60Fy
W
bf/2tf
170/sqrt(Fy)
d/tw
1680/sqrt(Fy)
COMPACT
Unbraced Length
L1
L2
Lc
Lu
Lb
Case 1
Fb
Case 2
NC
h/tw
kc
Fb
Case 3
Fb
Case 4
Fb
Case 5
a
b
c
max Fb
Fb1
Fb2
Fb3
Fb
Select Case
Fb
96

fv = Vu/dtw
Max Fv = 0.40Fy
Fv = 0.40Fy
Fv = Fy*Cv/2.89
to solve for Cv,
Let j = h/tw
*Cv = 310264*kv/(Fy*j^2), Cv < 0.8
Let z = a/h
*kv = 4 + 5.34/z^2, if z < 1
kv = 5.34 + 4/z^2, if z > 1
*a < h*(260/j)^2
*Actual Deflection
x = 5*W*(Lb^4)/EIx
y = 5*W*(Lb^4)/EIy
allowable = L/360
else "Redesign"
Case 1
Fb
Case 2
Fb
Select Case
Fb
Check for Flexural
fb(actual)
Fb
SAFE
Check for Shear
fv
max Fv
j
a
a/h
kv
Cv
Fv
Fv
SAFE
W
x
y
actual
allwable
SAFE
97
ONS)
43)
RESULTS
ng a Trial Section
148.80
1864180.11
ction Used: BW 450 x 95

1900000.00
267000.00
12100.00
450.00
200.00
20.00
10.00
410.00
53.40
188.00
47.00
429000000.00
27000000.00
94.99
931.85
MPa
mm3
mm3
mm3
mm2
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
kg/m
N/m

5.00
10.80
98
45.00
106.68
COMPACT
2540.00
4942.65
2540.00
4942.65
7000.00
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

163.68
MPa
Flange Only
41.00
0.73
181.04
MPa
148.80
MPa
148.80
MPa
53.25
131.09
119.07
148.80
65.16
68.21
105.07
105.07
Case 5
105.07
Flange Only
Web and Flange
181.04001488
kc
0.7337944947
178.5493819
1
2
3
4
5
105.06666667
105.06666667
105.06666667
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5

186.00
MPa
148.8
MPa
Case 1
99
186
145.99
105.07
REDESIGN
MPa
43.895733333
35.224444444
32.668884225
5.130639042
MPa
33.98
99.20
41.00
150.00
0.37
43.90
5.13
440.28
99.20
SAFE
MPa
MPa
0.98
0.36
5.66
5.67
19.44
kN/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
MPa
MPa
or Deflection
SAFE
100
ONS)
RESULTS
ng a Trial Section
148.80
1008870.97

1900000.00
267000.00
12100.00
450.00
200.00
20.00
10.00
410.00
53.40
188.00
47.00
429000000.00
27000000.00
94.99
931.85
MPa
mm3
mm3
mm3
mm2
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
kg/m
N/m

101
5.00
10.80
45.00
106.68
COMPACT
2540.00
4942.65
2540.00
4942.65
4500.00
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

163.68
MPa
Flange Only
41.00
0.73
181.04
MPa
148.80
MPa
148.80
MPa
53.25
84.27
119.07
148.80
123.93
165.05
163.44
163.44
Case 5
163.44
Flange Only
Web and Flange
181.04001488
kc
0.7337944947
178.5493819
1
2
3
4
5
163.43703704
165.05251733
163.43703704
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5

186.00
MPa
102
148.8
MPa
186
MPa
Case 1
79.01
163.44
SAFE
43.895733333
35.224444444
32.668884225
5.130639042
MPa
22.99
99.20
41.00
150.00
0.37
43.90
5.13
440.28
99.20
SAFE
MPa
MPa
0.99
0.06
0.98
0.98
12.50
kN/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
MPa
MPa
or Deflection
SAFE
103
ONS)
L
RESULTS
ng a Trial Section
148.80
568817.20

1900000.00
267000.00
12100.00
450.00
200.00
20.00
10.00
410.00
53.40
188.00
47.00
429000000.00
27000000.00
94.99
MPa
mm3
mm3
mm3
mm2
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
kg/m
104
931.85
N/m

5.00
10.80
45.00
106.68
COMPACT
2540.00
4942.65
2540.00
4942.65
4500.00
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

163.68
MPa
Flange Only
41.00
0.73
181.04
MPa
148.80
MPa
148.80
MPa
53.25
84.27
119.07
148.80
123.93
165.05
163.44
163.44
Case 5
163.44
Flange Only
Web and Flange
181.04001488
kc
0.7337944947
178.5493819
1
2
3
4
5
163.43703704
165.05251733
163.43703704
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5
105
186.00
MPa
148.8
MPa
186
MPa
Case 1
44.55
163.44
SAFE
43.895733333
35.224444444
32.668884225
5.130639042
MPa
12.05
99.20
41.00
150.00
0.37
43.90
5.13
440.28
99.20
SAFE
MPa
MPa
0.97
0.06
0.95
0.96
12.50
kN/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
MPa
MPa
or Deflection
SAFE
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
COLUMN DESIGN -TRADEOFF 1 (ROLLED SECTION)

GOVERNING COLUMN - COLUMN 13 (INTERIOR COLUMN)
DESIGN FOR GROUND - FIFTH FLOOR COLUMNS
Given
Pu
Ec
Es
Fy
f'c
Lb
k
2133.68
21383.709
200000
248
20.7
3
1
kN
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
m
Part 1. Determine a Trial Section

*Assume kL/r = 120 (maximum)
Cc = sqrt( 2^2*Es/Fy)
*If kL/r < Cc (Intermediate Columns)
FS = (5/3)+(3(kL/r)/8Cc)-((kL/r)^3/8(Cc^3))
Fa = (1 - (kL/r)^2/2(Cc^2))*(Fy/FS)
*If kL/r > Cc (Long Columns)
Fa = 12*^2*E/23(kL/r)^2
Solve for Trial Area
A = P/Fa
USE Computed A in picking
a Trial Section
Part 2. Determine the Slenderness Ratio
Compute for:
kL/rx
kL/rz
*Use the greater value between the 2
Cc
Part 3. Compute for Allowable Compressive Stress
FS = 5/3 + (3(kL/r)/8Cc) - ((kL/r)^3/8(Cc^3))
Fa = (1 - (kL/r)^2/2(Cc^2))*(Fy/FS)
Fa = 12*^2*E/23(kL/r)^2
RESULTS
kL/r
Cc
FS
Fa
A
120
126.169397145
INTERMEDIATE
1.9157846604
70.9005335468
30093.9907397

30581.00
A
7489900.00
Sx
1171900.00
Sy
700.80
d
356.10
bf
27.40
tf
tw
16.80
h
646.00
93.98
rt
292.30
rx
ry
82.25
2613933000
Ix
206967000
Iy
M
240.50
W
2359.31
kL/rx
10.2634279849
98
Part 4. Check the Capacity of the Column

Pa = AFa
If Pa > Pu, the section is "SAFE",
else, "Redesign"
kL/rz
kL/r
Cc
FS
Fa
Pa
36.4741641337
36.4741641337
126.169397145
INTERMEDIATE
1.9166666667
123.984536339
3791.57110577
SAFE
99

GOVERNING EXTERIOR COLUMN
GROUND - ROOF COLUMNS
Given
Pu
Ec
Es
Fy
f'c
Lb
k
1087.97
21383.709
200000
248
20.7
3
1
kN
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
m

FS = (5/3)+(3(kL/r)/8Cc)-((kL/r)^3/8(Cc^3))
Fa = (1 - (kL/r)^2/2(Cc^2))*(Fy/FS)
Fa = 12*^2*E/23(kL/r)^2
A = P/Fa
a Trial Section
Compute for:
kL/rx
kL/rz
Cc
FS = 5/3 + (3(kL/r)/8Cc) - ((kL/r)^3/8(Cc^3))
Fa = (1 - (kL/r)^2/2(Cc^2))*(Fy/FS)
RESULTS
kL/r
Cc
FS
Fa
A
120
126.169397145
INTERMEDIATE
1.9157846604
70.9005335468
15345.018515

15677.00
A
2798800.00
Sx
319300.00
Sy
544.30
d
212.20
bf
21.20
tf
tw
13.10
h
501.90
54.61
rt
220.43
rx
ry
46.49
761704000.00
Ix
33881000.00
Iy
M
123.30
W
1209.57
100
Fa = 12*^2*E/23(kL/r)^2
Pa = AFa
else, "Redesign"
kL/rx
kL/rz
kL/r
Cc
FS
Fa
Pa
13.6097627365
64.530006453
64.530006453
126.169397145
INTERMEDIATE
1.9166666667
112.467793802
1763.15760343
SAFE
101

GOVERNING CORNER COLUMN
Given
Pu
Ec
Es
Fy
f'c
Lb
k
589.48
21383.709
200000
248
20.7
3
1
kN
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
m

FS = (5/3)+(3(kL/r)/8Cc)-((kL/r)^3/8(Cc^3))
Fa = (1 - (kL/r)^2/2(Cc^2))*(Fy/FS)
Fa = 12*^2*E/23(kL/r)^2
A = P/Fa
a Trial Section
Compute for:
kL/rx
kL/rz
Cc
RESULTS
kL/r
Cc
FS
Fa
A
120
126.169397145
INTERMEDIATE
1.9157846604
70.9005335468
8314.18284901

A
8710.00
1292200.00
Sx
121700.00
Sy
d
488.70
153.90
bf
15.40
tf
8.10
tw
h
457.90
rt
39.12
184.46
rx
32.79
ry
296357000.00
Ix
102
FS = 5/3 + (3(kL/r)/8Cc) - ((kL/r)^3/8(Cc^3))

Fa = (1 - (kL/r)^2/2(Cc^2))*(Fy/FS)
Fa = 12*^2*E/23(kL/r)^2
Pa = AFa
else, "Redesign"
Iy
M
W
kL/rx
kL/rz
kL/r
Cc
FS
Fa
Pa
9365000.00
68.50
671.99
16.2636886046
91.4913083257
91.4913083257
126.169397145
INTERMEDIATE
1.9166666667
95.3718992007
830.689242038
SAFE
103
ULTS
MEDIATE
MPa
mm2
1.9157847
0.5217391
70.900534
71.518872
mm2
mm3
mm3
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
kg/m
kN/m
104
MEDIATE
MPa
kN
1.9166667
0.5217391
123.98454
82.768577
AFE
105
ULTS
MEDIATE
MPa
mm2
1.9157847
0.5217391
70.900534
71.518872
mm2
mm3
mm3
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
kg/m
kN/m
106
MEDIATE
MPa
kN
1.9166667
0.5217391
112.46779
26.443124
AFE
107
ULTS
MEDIATE
MPa
mm2
1.9157847
0.5217391
70.900534
71.518872
mm2
mm3
mm3
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
108
mm4
kg/m
kN/m
MEDIATE
MPa
kN
1.9166667
0.5217391
95.371899
13.154566
AFE
109
COLUMN DESIGN -TRADEOFF 2 (BUILT UP SECTION)

GOVERNING COLUMN - COLUMN 13 (INTERIOR COLUMN)
SECOND FLOOR COLUMNS
Given
Pu
Ec
Es
Fy
f'c
Lb
k
2133.68
21383.709
200000
248
20.7
3
1
kN
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
m

FS = (5/3)+(3(kL/r)/8Cc)-((kL/r)^3/8(Cc^3))
Fa = (1 - (kL/r)^2/2(Cc^2))*(Fy/FS)
Fa = 12*^2*E/23(kL/r)^2
A = P/Fa
a Trial Section
Compute for:
kL/rx
kL/rz
Cc
FS = 5/3 + (3(kL/r)/8Cc) - ((kL/r)^3/8(Cc^3))
Fa = (1 - (kL/r)^2/2(Cc^2))*(Fy/FS)
Fa = 12*^2*E/23(kL/r)^2
RESULTS
kL/r
Cc
FS
Fa
A
120
126.169397145
INTERMEDIATE
1.9157846604
70.9005335468
30093.9907397

30484.00
A
7582400.00
Sx
1211000.00
Sy
700.00
d
380.00
bf
25.00
tf
tw
16.00
h
650.00
96.10
rt
294.00
rx
ry
84.80
2633000000.00
Ix
218000000.00
Iy
M
239.14
W
2345.96
kL/rx
10.2040816327
103

Pa = AFa
else, "Redesign"
kL/rz
kL/r
Cc
FS
Fa
Pa
35.3773584906
35.3773584906
126.169397145
INTERMEDIATE
1.9166666667
124.304818456
3789.30808582
SAFE
104

GOVERNING EXTERIOR COLUMN
Given
Pu
Ec
Es
Fy
f'c
Lb
k
1087.97
21383.709
200000
248
20.7
3
1
kN
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
m

FS = (5/3)+(3(kL/r)/8Cc)-((kL/r)^3/8(Cc^3))
Fa = (1 - (kL/r)^2/2(Cc^2))*(Fy/FS)
Fa = 12*^2*E/23(kL/r)^2
A = P/Fa
a Trial Section
Compute for:
kL/rx
kL/rz
Cc
FS = 5/3 + (3(kL/r)/8Cc) - ((kL/r)^3/8(Cc^3))
Fa = (1 - (kL/r)^2/2(Cc^2))*(Fy/FS)
RESULTS
kL/r
Cc
FS
Fa
A
120
126.169397145
INTERMEDIATE
1.9157846604
70.9005335468
15345.018515

15720.00
A
3109000.00
Sx
338000.00
Sy
600.00
d
225.00
bf
20.00
tf
tw
12.00
h
560.00
58.10
rt
243.60
rx
ry
49.20
933000000.00
Ix
38000000.00
Iy
M
123.40
W
1210.55
105
Fa = 12*^2*E/23(kL/r)^2
Pa = AFa
else, "Redesign"
kL/rx
kL/rz
kL/r
Cc
FS
Fa
Pa
12.315270936
60.9756097561
60.9756097561
126.169397145
INTERMEDIATE
1.9166666667
114.280786672
1796.49396649
SAFE
106

GOVERNING CORNER COLUMN
Given
Pu
Ec
Es
Fy
f'c
Lb
k
589.48
21383.709
200000
248
20.7
3
1
kN
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
m

FS = (5/3)+(3(kL/r)/8Cc)-((kL/r)^3/8(Cc^3))
Fa = (1 - (kL/r)^2/2(Cc^2))*(Fy/FS)
Fa = 12*^2*E/23(kL/r)^2
A = P/Fa
a Trial Section
Compute for:
kL/rx
kL/rz
Cc
RESULTS
kL/r
Cc
FS
Fa
A
120
126.169397145
INTERMEDIATE
1.9157846604
70.9005335468
8314.18284901

A
10580.00
1611000.00
Sx
214000.00
Sy
d
450.00
200.00
bf
16.00
tf
10.00
tw
h
418.00
rt
52.30
185.10
rx
44.90
ry
362000000
Ix
107
FS = 5/3 + (3(kL/r)/8Cc) - ((kL/r)^3/8(Cc^3))

Fa = (1 - (kL/r)^2/2(Cc^2))*(Fy/FS)
Fa = 12*^2*E/23(kL/r)^2
Pa = AFa
else, "Redesign"
Iy
M
W
kL/rx
kL/rz
kL/r
Cc
FS
Fa
Pa
21000000
83.05
814.72
16.2074554295
66.8151447661
66.8151447661
126.169397145
INTERMEDIATE
1.9166666667
111.247979907
1177.00362742
SAFE
108
ULTS
MEDIATE
MPa
mm2
1.9157847
0.5217391
70.900534
71.518872
700 x 239
mm2
mm3
mm3
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
kg/m
kN/m
109
MEDIATE
MPa
kN
1.9166667
0.5217391
124.30482
87.980288
AFE
110
ULTS
MEDIATE
MPa
mm2
1.9157847
0.5217391
70.900534
71.518872
600 x 123
mm2
mm3
mm3
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
kg/m
kN/m
111
MEDIATE
MPa
kN
1.9166667
0.5217391
114.28079
29.615828
AFE
112
ULTS
MEDIATE
MPa
mm2
1.9157847
0.5217391
70.900534
71.518872
mm2
mm3
mm3
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
113
mm4
kg/m
kN/m
MEDIATE
MPa
kN
1.9166667
0.5217391
111.24798
24.665298
AFE
114
BEAM COLUMN INTERACTION FOR GOVERNING TRADEOFF IN BEAMS AND COLUMNS

CORNER COLUMN - LONGITUDINAL EXTERIOR BEAM (C1-B1)
Given
Column Section
Pc
Pb
ex
Mz
Ec
Es
Fy
f'c
Lb
k
589.48
kN
23.31
kN
350.8
mm
8.177148
kNm
200000
MPa
21383.70875
MPa
248
MPa
20.7
MPa
3
m
1
Part 1. Axial Stresses

Actual Compressive Stress
fa =(Pc + Pb)/A
Allowable Compressive Stress
Fa = *(from Columns)
Part 2. Bending Stresses
Actual Bending Stress
Mx = Pbex
fbx = Mx/Sx
Allowable Bending Stresses

L1 = 200bf/sqrt(Fy)
L2 = 137900/((d/Af)*Fy)
A
d
bf
tf
tw
h
rt
rx
ry
Ix
Iy
Sx
Sy
8710.00
488.70
153.90
15.40
8.10
457.90
39.12
184.46
32.79
296357000.00
9365000.00
1292200.00
121700.00
mm2
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
mm3
mm3
Results
fa
Fa
70.354764638
123.98
fbx
6.3280823402
Compactness
bf/2tf
170/sqrt(Fy)
d/tw
1680/sqrt(Fy)
5.00
10.80
60.33
106.68
COMPACT

Fb = 0.66Fy
Unbraced Length
L1
L2
Lc
Lu
Lb
1954.53
2696.68
1954.53
2696.68
3000.00
107
Flange Only
Fb = Fy*[.79 - 0.000762*(bf/2tf)*sqrt(Fy)]
Flange and Web
where kc = 4.05/((h/tw)^0.46) < 70
else, kc = 1
Fb = 0.60Fy
Case 4. Compact of Noncompact, Tension Lb > Lc
Fb = 0.60Fy
Case 5. Compact or Noncompact, Compression, Lb > Lc
b = Lb/rt
c = sqrt(3516330*Cb/Fy)
Max Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb1 = Fy*((2/3)-(((Fy*b)^2)/10.55*10^6Cb))
Fb2 = 1172100*Cb/(b^2)
Fb3 = 82740*Cb/(Lb*d/Af)
Cb is equal to 1
Part 3. Interaction Formula for Stability
or Without)
*If fa/Fa < 0.15, the Interaction Formula is
fa/Fa + fbx/Fbx + fbz/Fbz < 1
*If not, we need amplification factor (AF)
for bending,
k = Cm/(1-fa/F'e)
where Cm is 1
F'e = (12/23)**E/((kL/r)^2)
kL/r is dependent on the axis considered
Interaction Formula becomes
fa/Fa + kfbx/Fbx + kfbz/Fbz < 1 - H1-1
Part 4. Interaction Formula for Strength
fa/F0.6Fy + fbx/Fbx + fbz/Fbz < 1 - H1-2
Case 1
Fb
Case 2
NC
h/tw
kc
Fb
Case 3
Fb
Case 4
Fb
Case 5
a
b
c
max Fb
Fb1
Fb2
Fb3
Fb
Select Case
Fbx
163.68
Flange Only
56.53
0.63
181.05
148.80
148.80
53.25
76.69
119.07
148.80
131.05
199.31
133.76
133.76
Case 1
163.68

Case 1
Fb
186.00
Case 2
Fb
148.8
Select Case
Case 1
Fb
186
Check for Flexural
fb(actual)
Fbz
271.48
186.00
fa/Fa
0.5674686614
Needs AF
Cm
Fe'x
Fe'y
kx
ky
H1-1
1
1239.3534428
39.162788056
0.9432326871
-0.7964697646
0.6039352676
ADEQUATE
108
H1-2
0.5114755831
ADEQUATE
EXTERIOR COLUMN - LONGITUDINAL EXTERIOR BEAM (C2-B3)
Given
Column Section
Pc
Pb
ex
Mz
Ec
Es
Fy
f'c
Lb
k
1065.94
kN
8.59
kN
350.8
mm
3.013372
kNm
200000
MPa
21383.70875
MPa
248
MPa
20.7
MPa
3
m
1

fa =(Pc + Pb)/A
Mx = Pbex
fbx = Mx/Sx

L1 = 200bf/sqrt(Fy)
L2 = 137900/((d/Af)*Fy)
A
d
bf
tf
tw
h
rt
rx
ry
Ix
Iy
Sx
Sy
15677.00
544.30
212.20
21.20
13.10
501.90
54.61
220.43
46.49
761704000.00
33881000.00
2798800.00
319300.00
mm2
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
mm3
mm3
Results
fa
Fa
68.541812847
123.98
fbx
1.0766657139
Compactness
bf/2tf
170/sqrt(Fy)
d/tw
1680/sqrt(Fy)
Unbraced Length
L1
L2
Lc
Lu
5.00
10.80
41.55
106.68
COMPACT
2694.94
4595.74
2694.94
4595.74
109
Fb = 0.66Fy
Flange Only
Fb = Fy*[.79 - 0.000762*(bf/2tf)*sqrt(Fy)]
Flange and Web
where kc = 4.05/((h/tw)^0.46) < 70
else, kc = 1
Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb = 0.60Fy
b = Lb/rt
c = sqrt(3516330*Cb/Fy)
Max Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb1 = Fy*((2/3)-(((Fy*b)^2)/10.55*10^6Cb))
Fb2 = 1172100*Cb/(b^2)
Fb3 = 82740*Cb/(Lb*d/Af)
Cb is equal to 1
or Without)
for bending,
k = Cm/(1-fa/F'e)
where Cm is 1
F'e = (12/23)**E/((kL/r)^2)
Lb
3000.00

Case 1
Fb
163.68
Case 2
NC
Flange Only
h/tw
38.31
kc
0.76
Fb
0.00
Case 3
Fb
148.80
Case 4
Fb
148.80
Case 5
a
53.25
b
54.93
c
119.07
max Fb
148.80
Fb1
147.74
Fb2
388.39
Fb3
227.95
Fb
227.95
Select Case
Case 1
Fbx
163.68
Case 1
Fb
186.00
Case 2
Fb
148.8
Select Case
Case 1
Fb
186
Check for Flexural
fb(actual)
Fbz
125.34
186.00
fa/Fa
0.5528457239
Needs AF
Cm
Fe'x
Fe'y
kx
1
1769.8325176
78.724490994
0.9612721474
110
ky
H1-1
0.1293457477
0.5591688468
ADEQUATE
H1-2
0.4672083324
ADEQUATE
INTERIOR COLUMN - LONGITUDINAL INTERIOR BEAM (C13-B12)
Given
Column Section
Pc
Pb
ex
Mz
Ec
Es
Fy
f'c
Lb
k
2133.64
kN
51.73
kN
350.8
mm
18.146884
kNm
200000
MPa
21383.70875
MPa
248
MPa
20.7
MPa
3
m
1

fa =(Pc + Pb)/A
Mx = Pbex
fbx = Mx/Sx

L1 = 200bf/sqrt(Fy)
L2 = 137900/((d/Af)*Fy)
A
d
bf
tf
tw
h
rt
rx
ry
Ix
Iy
Sx
Sy
30581.00
700.80
356.10
27.40
16.80
646.00
93.98
292.30
82.25
2613933000
206967000
7489900.00
1171900.00
mm2
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
mm3
mm3
Results
fa
Fa
71.4616919
123.98
fbx
2.422847301
Compactness
bf/2tf
170/sqrt(Fy)
d/tw
1680/sqrt(Fy)
Unbraced Length
L1
6.50
10.80
41.71
106.68
COMPACT
4522.47
111

Fb = 0.66Fy
Flange Only
Fb = Fy*[.79 - 0.000762*(bf/2tf)*sqrt(Fy)]
Flange and Web
where kc = 4.05/((h/tw)^0.46) < 70
else, kc = 1
Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb = 0.60Fy
b = Lb/rt
c = sqrt(3516330*Cb/Fy)
Max Fb = 0.60Fy
Fb1 = Fy*((2/3)-(((Fy*b)^2)/10.55*10^6Cb))
Fb2 = 1172100*Cb/(b^2)
Fb3 = 82740*Cb/(Lb*d/Af)
Cb is equal to 1
or Without)
for bending,
k = Cm/(1-fa/F'e)
where Cm is 1
F'e = (12/23)**E/((kL/r)^2)
L2
Lc
Lu
Lb
7741.78
4522.47
7741.78
3000.00

Case 1
Fb
163.68
Case 2
NC
Flange Only
h/tw
38.45
kc
0.76
Fb
0.00
Case 3
Fb
148.80
Case 4
Fb
148.80
Case 5
a
53.25
b
31.92
c
119.07
max Fb
148.80
Fb1
159.39
Fb2
1150.25
Fb3
383.99
Fb
383.99
Select Case
Case 1
Fbx
163.68
Case 1
Fb
186.00
Case 2
Fb
148.8
Select Case
Case 1
Fb
186
Check for Flexural
fb(actual)
Fbz
46.84
186.00
fa/Fa
0.5763969342
Needs AF
Cm
112
Fe'x
Fe'y
kx
ky
H1-1
3112.0631396
246.41241335
0.9770371973
0.70999151
0.5908593727
ADEQUATE
H1-2
0.4950556476
ADEQUATE
113
D COLUMNS
)
ults
MPa
MPa
MPa
Flange Only
Web and Flange
181.04967721
kc
177.22960077
1
2
3
4
5
PACT
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
- Strong Axis
133.76
199.31
114
133.76
MPa
MPa
Case
Case
0.6329999 Case
Case
Case
1
2
3
4
5
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
- Strong Axis
MPa
MPa
MPa
133.76
199.31
133.76
MPa
MPa
0.60613
0.6039353
s AF
MPa
MPa
UATE
115
UATE
D COLUMNS
3)
ults
MPa
MPa
MPa
PACT
mm
mm
mm
mm
116
mm
- Strong Axis
MPa
0.7570349
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
- Strong Axis
MPa
MPa
MPa
227.95
388.39
227.95
MPa
MPa
0.5594236
0.5591688
s AF
MPa
MPa
117
UATE
UATE
D COLUMNS
2)
30581.00
###
###
700.80
356.10
27.40
16.80
646.00
93.98
292.30
82.25
###
###
ults
MPa
MPa
MPa
PACT
mm
118
mm
mm
mm
mm
- Strong Axis
MPa
0.7557712
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
- Strong Axis
s AF
MPa
MPa
MPa
383.99
1150.25
383.99
MPa
MPa
0.5911993
0.5908594
119
MPa
MPa
UATE
UATE
120
COLUMN BASE PLATE DESIGN FOR GOVERNING TRADEOFF IN COLUMNS

INTERIOR COLUMNS
Given
FIGURES
P
d
bf
f'c
Support
A1
A2
Fy(base plate)
Fy(bolts)
2133.68
700.8
356.1
20.7
Full
249554.88
0
345
345
kN
mm
mm
MPa
mm2
mm2
MPa
MPa
Full
Not Full
7.2
0
Part 1. Allowable Bearing Stress of the Base Plate

If the base plate has a full area of support,
Fp = 0.35f'c
If the base plate does not have full area of support
Fp = 0.35f'c*sqrt(A2/A1)
The allowable bearing stress should not exceed the max
max Fp = 0.7f'c
Part 2. Solve for the Dimensions of the Base Plate
Determine the required area of the base plate
Fp = P/Arequired, solve for Arequired
Solve for B and N, such that m and n are almost equal
= .5*(.95d - .8bf)
N = sqrt(Arequired) +
B = Arequired/N
Results
Fp
Max Fp
Governing Fp
7.245
14.49
7.245
MPa
MPa
MPa
required A
N
required B
m
n
294503.796
190.44
740
400
37.12
57.56
mm2
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
113
Check if the actual compressive stress

fp = P/NB
If fp < Fp, dimensions are safe, else redesign
Part 3. Solve for the thickness of the plate.
Solve for c, which is the greatest among m, n, and n'
N = 0.95d + 2m, solve for m
B = 0.8bf + 2n, solve for n
n' = sqrt(dbf)/4
= 2(1-sqrt(1-q))/sqrt(q) < 1
q = 4fpdbf/((d+bf)^2)Fp) < 1
* if q > 0.64, use 1 as the value of , else, use the
computed value for
Solve for thickness of the plate
t = 2c*sqrt(fp/Fy)
Part 4. Solve for the number of bolts
Solve for the reaction at the bolts
P = 2T, Solve for T
Solve for the compressive stress at the bolts
Ft = 0.6Fy
Solve for the number of bolts in a row
T = nAboltsFt, solve for n
Abolts = pi*(dbolts)/4
fp
7.208
OK
MPa
n'
q
n'
c
t
124.8886704229
mm
124.8886704229
124.8886704229
36.1045783882
mm
mm
T
Ft
1066.84
207
36
1017.8760197631
6
kN
MPa
mm
mm2
pcs
dbolts
Abolt
n
0.889113998
1
114

EXTERIOR COLUMNS
Given
FIGURES
P
d
bf
f'c
Support
A1
A2
Fy(base plate)
Fy(bolts)
1087.77
544.3
212.2
20.7
Full
115500.46
0
345
345
kN
mm
mm
MPa
mm2
mm2
MPa
MPa
Full
Not Full
7.2
0

Fp = 0.35f'c
max Fp = 0.7f'c
= .5*(.95d - .8bf)
Results
Fp
Max Fp
Governing Fp
7.245
14.49
7.245
MPa
MPa
MPa
required A
N
required B
150140.787
173.6625
570
270
mm2
mm
mm
mm
115
B = Arequired/N
fp = P/NB
n' = sqrt(dbf)/4
= 2(1-sqrt(1-q))/sqrt(q) < 1
q = 4fpdbf/((d+bf)^2)Fp) < 1
computed value for
t = 2c*sqrt(fp/Fy)
P = 2T, Solve for T
Ft = 0.6Fy
m
n
fp
26.4575
50.12
7.068
OK
mm
mm
MPa
n'
q
n'
c
t
84.9633965305
mm
84.9633965305
84.9633965305
24.3221264688
mm
mm
T
Ft
543.885
207
36
1017.8760197631
4
kN
MPa
mm
mm2
pcs
dbolts
Abolt
n
0.787564094
1
116

EXTERIOR COLUMNS
Given
FIGURES
P
d
bf
f'c
Support
A1
A2
Fy(base plate)
Fy(bolts)
589.48
488.7
253.9
20.7
Full
124080.93
0
345
345
kN
mm
mm
MPa
mm2
mm2
MPa
MPa
Full
Not Full
7.2
0

Fp = 0.35f'c
max Fp = 0.7f'c
Results
Fp
Max Fp
Governing Fp
7.245
14.49
7.245
MPa
MPa
MPa
required A
81363.699
130.5725
420
mm2
mm
mm
117
= .5*(.95d - .8bf)
B = Arequired/N
fp = P/NB
n' = sqrt(dbf)/4
= 2(1-sqrt(1-q))/sqrt(q) < 1
q = 4fpdbf/((d+bf)^2)Fp) < 1
computed value for
t = 2c*sqrt(fp/Fy)
P = 2T, Solve for T
Ft = 0.6Fy
required B
m
n
fp
200
-22.1325
-1.56
7.018
OK
mm
mm
mm
MPa
n'
q
n'
c
t
88.0628078419
mm
88.0628078419
88.0628078419
25.1193195729
mm
mm
T
Ft
294.74
207
36
1017.8760197631
2
kN
MPa
mm
mm2
pcs
dbolts
Abolt
n
0.871779275
1
118
FIGURES
119
0.889113998
1.767901437
1
120
FIGURES
121
0.787564094
1.734289969
1
122
FIGURES
123
0.871779275
1.758526553
1
124
TENSION MEMBERS - SINGLE ANGLE WITH EQUAL LEGS

DESIGN FOR ALL TENSION MEMBERS
Given
Fy
Fu
L
P
248
415
3.8078866
24.591
MPa
MPa
m
kN
RESULTS
Part 1. Determine the Trial Section

rmin = L/300
Ag = P/(.6*Fy)
*Select a Trial Section based on the 3
Part 2. Determine the Capacity of the Member

According to Net Area
Pt = 0.5Fu*U*An
*Assume Reduction Coefficient
U = 0.85
An = Ag - holes
According to Gross Area
Pt = 0.6Fy*Ag
Governing Pt is smaller of the two
Part 3. Check the Capacity
*If Pt < P, Reselect another section
rmin
Ag
Trial Section Used L 40 x 40 x 5
rx
ry
A
t
L
w
M
Net Area
U
bolt
An
Capacity
Pt
SAFE
119
UAL LEGS
RESULTS
12.69295518
165.2620968
mm
mm2
ection Used L 40 x 40 x 5
11.97
mm
11.97
mm
378.86
mm2
5
mm
40
mm
40
mm
2.87
kg/m
0.85
22
268.86
47.4201825
SAFE
mm
mm2
kN
120
TENSION MEMBERS - SINGLE ANGLE WITH UNEQUAL LEGS

DESIGN FOR ALL TENSION MEMBERS
Given
Fy
Fu
L
P
248
415
3.807887
24.591
MPa
MPa
m
kN
RESULTS
Part 1. Determine the Trial Section

rmin = L/300
Ag = P/(.6*Fy)
*Select a Trial Section based on the 2
Part 2. Determine the Net Area
*Assume Reduction Coefficient
U = 0.85
An = Ag - holes
Part 3. Check the Capacity based on An
Pt = 0.5*Fu*U*An
rmin
Ag
12.69296
165.2621
Trial Section Used L 50 x 40 x 5

rx
15.46
ry
8.44
A
426.72
t
5
L
50
w
40
M
3.35
Net Area
U
bolt
n
An
Capacity
Pt
0.85
22
3
316.72
55.86149
SAFE
120
RESULTS
mm
mm2
Used L 50 x 40 x 5
mm
mm
mm2
mm
mm
mm
kg/m
mm
pcs
mm2
kN
SAFE
121
WELDED CONNECTIONS - TRADEOFF 1 (E70XX)

CORNER COLUMN - EXTERIOR LONGITUDINAL BEAM CONNECTION (C1-B1)
Given
Beam
Column
A
bf
tf
12323
192.8
19.1
mm2
mm
mm
P
Fy
200
248
kN
MPa
A
bf
tf
Fu
30581
356.1
27.4
mm2
mm
mm
E60
E70
E80
E90
E100
E110
E120
Part 1. Select the Welding Electrode to be used

*Each eletrode corresponds to different stress
Part 2. Determine the Capacity of the attached member
Base on Gross Area
T = 0.6FyAg
Based on Net Area
T = 0.5*Fu*U*Ag
where U is to Reduction Factor
If L > 2W, U = 1
If 2W > L > 1.5W, U = 0.87
If 1.5W > L > W, U = 0.75
*Since weld is only in longitudinal, we use U = 0.75
*Lower Tensile Capacity Governs
Part 3. Check the Tensile Capacity
If T < P, the connections is safe
else, Redesign
Part 4. Determine the size of weld
Min Thickness
Thicker Material
Min t
<6mm
3
>6-12mm
5
>12-20mm
6
RESULTS
Electrode
Fu
Capacity
Gross Area
Ag
T
Net Area
U
T
Governing T
SAFE
Dimensions of Weld
Min t
Max t
t (used)
L
121
>20-38mm
>38-57mm
>57-150mm
>150mm
8
10
12
16
Max Thickness
Attached Material
<6mm
te = t
>6mm
te = t - 1.6
Part 4. Compute for the Length of Weld
T = 0.707tL*0.3Fu, solve for L
122

CORNER COLUMN - TRANSVERSE BEAM CONNECTION (C1-B34)
Given
Beam
Column
A
bf
tf
12323
192.8
19.1
mm2
mm
mm
P
Fy
200
248
kN
MPa
A
bf
tf
Fu
8710
153.9
8.1
mm2
mm
mm
E60
E70
E80
E90
E100
E110
E120

Base on Gross Area
T = 0.6FyAg
Based on Net Area
T = 0.5*Fu*U*Ag
If L > 2W, U = 1
If 2W > L > 1.5W, U = 0.87
If 1.5W > L > W, U = 0.75
else, Redesign
Min Thickness
Thicker Material
Min t
<6mm
3
RESULTS
Electrode
Fu
Capacity
Gross Area
Ag
T
Net Area
U
T
Governing T
SAFE
Dimensions of Weld
Min t
Max t
t (used)
L
123
>6-12mm
>12-20mm
>20-38mm
>38-57mm
>57-150mm
>150mm
5
6
8
10
12
16
Max Thickness
Attached Material
<6mm
te = t
>6mm
te = t - 1.6
124

EXTERIOR COLUMN - EXTERIOR LONGITUDINAL BEAM CONNECTION (C2-B2)
Given
Beam
Column
A
bf
tf
4961
127.6
10.7
mm2
mm
mm
P
Fy
200
248
kN
MPa
A
bf
tf
Fu
15677
212.2
21.2
mm2
mm
mm
E60
E70
E80
E90
E100
E110
E120

Base on Gross Area
T = 0.6FyAg
Based on Net Area
T = 0.5*Fu*U*Ag
If L > 2W, U = 1
If 2W > L > 1.5W, U = 0.87
If 1.5W > L > W, U = 0.75
else, Redesign
Min Thickness
RESULTS
Electrode
Fu
Capacity
Gross Area
Ag
T
Net Area
U
T
Governing T
SAFE
Dimensions of Weld
Min t
Max t
t (used)
L
125
Thicker Material
<6mm
>6-12mm
>12-20mm
>20-38mm
>38-57mm
>57-150mm
>150mm
Min t
3
5
6
8
10
12
16
Max Thickness
Attached Material
<6mm
te = t
>6mm
te = t - 1.6
126

EXTERIOR COLUMN - TRANSVERSE BEAM CONNECTION (C2-B2)
Given
Beam
Column
A
bf
tf
12323
192.8
19.1
mm2
mm
mm
P
Fy
200
248
kN
MPa
A
bf
tf
Fu
15677
212.2
21.2
mm2
mm
mm
E60
E70
E80
E90
E100
E110
E120

Base on Gross Area
T = 0.6FyAg
Based on Net Area
T = 0.5*Fu*U*Ag
If L > 2W, U = 1
If 2W > L > 1.5W, U = 0.87
If 1.5W > L > W, U = 0.75
else, Redesign
RESULTS
Electrode
Fu
Capacity
Gross Area
Ag
T
Net Area
U
T
Governing T
SAFE
Dimensions of Weld
Min t
Max t
t (used)
127

Min Thickness
Thicker Material
Min t
<6mm
3
>6-12mm
5
>12-20mm
6
>20-38mm
8
>38-57mm
10
>57-150mm
12
>150mm
16
Max Thickness
Attached Material
<6mm
te = t
>6mm
te = t - 1.6
128

INTERIOR COLUMN - TRANSVERSE BEAM CONNECTION (C13-B2)
Given
Beam
Column
A
bf
tf
12323
192.8
19.1
mm2
mm
mm
P
Fy
200
248
kN
MPa
A
bf
tf
Fu
30581
356.1
27.4
mm2
mm
mm
E60
E70
E80
E90
E100
E110
E120

Base on Gross Area
T = 0.6FyAg
Based on Net Area
T = 0.5*Fu*U*Ag
If L > 2W, U = 1
If 2W > L > 1.5W, U = 0.87
If 1.5W > L > W, U = 0.75
RESULTS
Electrode
Fu
Capacity
Gross Area
Ag
T
Net Area
U
T
Governing T
SAFE
Dimensions of Weld
Min t
129
else, Redesign
Min Thickness
Thicker Material
Min t
<6mm
3
>6-12mm
5
>12-20mm
6
>20-38mm
8
>38-57mm
10
>57-150mm
12
>150mm
16
Max t
t (used)
L
Max Thickness
Attached Material
<6mm
te = t
>6mm
te = t - 1.6
130

INTERIOR COLUMN - INTERIOR LONGITUDINAL CONNECTION (C13-B12)
Given
Beam
Column
A
bf
tf
7013
178.7
14.4
mm2
mm
mm
P
Fy
200
248
kN
MPa
A
bf
tf
Fu
30581
356.1
27.4
mm2
mm
mm
E60
E70
E80
E90
E100
E110
E120

Base on Gross Area
T = 0.6FyAg
Based on Net Area
T = 0.5*Fu*U*Ag
If L > 2W, U = 1
If 2W > L > 1.5W, U = 0.87
If 1.5W > L > W, U = 0.75
RESULTS
Electrode
Fu
Capacity
Gross Area
Ag
T
Net Area
U
T
Governing T
SAFE
131

else, Redesign
Min Thickness
Thicker Material
Min t
<6mm
3
>6-12mm
5
>12-20mm
6
>20-38mm
8
>38-57mm
10
>57-150mm
12
>150mm
16
Dimensions of Weld
Min t
Max t
t (used)
L
Max Thickness
Attached Material
<6mm
te = t
>6mm
te = t - 1.6
132
TION (C1-B1)
Fu
415
485
550
620
690
760
825
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
RESULTS
E70
485
MPa
12323
1833.6624
mm2
kN
0.75
2241.245625
1833.6624
SAFE
nsions of Weld
8
17.5
12.75
152.4886093
mm
mm
mm
mm
133
134
C1-B34)
Fu
415
485
550
620
690
760
825
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
RESULTS
E70
485
MPa
12323
1833.6624
mm2
kN
0.75
2241.245625
1833.6624
SAFE
nsions of Weld
5
17.5
11.25
172.8204239
mm
mm
mm
mm
135
136
CTION (C2-B2)
Fu
415
485
550
620
690
760
825
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
RESULTS
E70
485
MPa
4961
738.1968
mm2
kN
0.75
902.281875
738.1968
SAFE
nsions of Weld
8
9.1
8.55
227.3952946
mm
mm
mm
mm
137
138
(C2-B2)
Fu
415
485
550
620
690
760
825
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
RESULTS
E70
485
MPa
12323
1833.6624
mm2
kN
0.75
2241.245625
1833.6624
SAFE
nsions of Weld
8
17.5
12.75
mm
mm
mm
139
152.4886093
mm
140
C13-B2)
Fu
415
485
550
620
690
760
825
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
RESULTS
E70
485
MPa
12323
1833.6624
mm2
kN
0.75
2241.245625
1833.6624
SAFE
nsions of Weld
8
mm
141
17.5
12.75
152.4886093
mm
mm
mm
142
N (C13-B12)
Fu
415
485
550
620
690
760
825
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
RESULTS
E70
485
MPa
7013
1043.5344
mm2
kN
0.75
1275.489375
1043.5344
SAFE
143
nsions of Weld
8
12.8
10.4
186.9451701
mm
mm
mm
mm
144

EXTERIOR TRANSVERSE BEAM - COLUMN CONNECTION
Given
Beam
Column
A
bf
tf
12323
192.8
19.1
mm2
mm
mm
P
Fy
200
248
kN
MPa
A
bf
tf
30581
356.1
27.4
mm2
mm
mm
E60
E70
E80
E90
E100
E110
E120

Base on Gross Area
T = 0.6FyAg
Based on Net Area
T = 0.5*Fu*U*Ag
If L > 2W, U = 1
If 2W > L > 1.5W, U = 0.87
If 1.5W > L > W, U = 0.75
Lower Tensile Capacity Governs
else, Redesign
Min Thickness
Thicker Material
Min t
<6mm
3
>6-12mm
5
>12-20mm
6
Fu
415
485
550
620
690
760
825
RESULTS
Electrode
Fu
Capacity
Gross Area
Ag
T
Net Area
U
T
Governing T
E60
415
12323
1833.6624
0.75
1917.766875
1833.6624
SAFE
Dimensions of Weld
Min t
8
Max t
17.5
t (used)
12.75
L
178.209579589
133
>20-38mm
>38-57mm
>57-150mm
>150mm
8
10
12
16
Max Thickness
Attached Material
<6mm
te = t
>6mm
te = t - 1.6
134

CORNER COLUMN - TRANSVERSE BEAM CONNECTION (C1-B34)
Given
Beam
Column
A
bf
tf
12323
192.8
19.1
mm2
mm
mm
P
Fy
200
248
kN
MPa
A
bf
tf
8710
153.9
8.1
mm2
mm
mm
E60
E70
E80
E90
E100
E110
E120

Base on Gross Area
T = 0.6FyAg
Based on Net Area
T = 0.5*Fu*U*Ag
If L > 2W, U = 1
If 2W > L > 1.5W, U = 0.87
If 1.5W > L > W, U = 0.75
else, Redesign
Min Thickness
Thicker Material
Min t
Fu
415
485
550
620
690
760
825
RESULTS
Electrode
Fu
Capacity
Gross Area
Ag
T
Net Area
U
T
Governing T
E60
415
12323
1833.6624
0.75
1917.766875
1833.6624
SAFE
Dimensions of Weld
Min t
5
Max t
17.5
t (used)
11.25
L
201.970856868
135
<6mm
>6-12mm
>12-20mm
>20-38mm
>38-57mm
>57-150mm
>150mm
3
5
6
8
10
12
16
Max Thickness
Attached Material
<6mm
te = t
>6mm
te = t - 1.6
136

EXTERIOR COLUMN - EXTERIOR LONGITUDINAL BEAM CONNECTION (C2-B2)
Given
Beam
Column
A
bf
tf
4961
127.6
10.7
mm2
mm
mm
P
Fy
200
248
kN
MPa
A
bf
tf
15677
212.2
21.2
mm2
mm
mm
E60
E70
E80
E90
E100
E110
E120

Base on Gross Area
T = 0.6FyAg
Based on Net Area
T = 0.5*Fu*U*Ag
If L > 2W, U = 1
If 2W > L > 1.5W, U = 0.87
If 1.5W > L > W, U = 0.75
else, Redesign
Fu
415
485
550
620
690
760
825
RESULTS
Electrode
Fu
Capacity
Gross Area
Ag
T
Net Area
U
T
Governing T
E60
415
4961
738.1968
0.75
772.055625
738.1968
SAFE
Dimensions of Weld
Min t
8
Max t
9.1
t (used)
8.55
137

Min Thickness
Thicker Material
Min t
<6mm
3
>6-12mm
5
>12-20mm
6
>20-38mm
8
>38-57mm
10
>57-150mm
12
>150mm
16
265.751127457
Max Thickness
Attached Material
<6mm
te = t
>6mm
te = t - 1.6
138

EXTERIOR COLUMN - TRANSVERSE BEAM CONNECTION (C2-B2)
Given
Beam
Column
A
bf
tf
12323
192.8
19.1
mm2
mm
mm
P
Fy
200
248
kN
MPa
A
bf
tf
15677
212.2
21.2
mm2
mm
mm
E60
E70
E80
E90
E100
E110
E120

Base on Gross Area
T = 0.6FyAg
Based on Net Area
T = 0.5*Fu*U*Ag
If L > 2W, U = 1
If 2W > L > 1.5W, U = 0.87
If 1.5W > L > W, U = 0.75
Fu
415
485
550
620
690
760
825
RESULTS
Electrode
Fu
Capacity
Gross Area
Ag
T
Net Area
U
T
Governing T
E60
415
12323
1833.6624
0.75
1917.766875
1833.6624
SAFE
Dimensions of Weld
139

else, Redesign
Min Thickness
Thicker Material
Min t
<6mm
3
>6-12mm
5
>12-20mm
6
>20-38mm
8
>38-57mm
10
>57-150mm
12
>150mm
16
Min t
Max t
t (used)
L
8
17.5
12.75
178.209579589
Max Thickness
Attached Material
<6mm
te = t
>6mm
te = t - 1.6
140

INTERIOR COLUMN - TRANSVERSE BEAM CONNECTION (C13-B2)
Given
Beam
Column
A
bf
tf
12323
192.8
19.1
mm2
mm
mm
P
Fy
200
248
kN
MPa
A
bf
tf
30581
356.1
27.4
mm2
mm
mm
E60
E70
E80
E90
E100
E110
E120

Base on Gross Area
T = 0.6FyAg
Based on Net Area
T = 0.5*Fu*U*Ag
If L > 2W, U = 1
If 2W > L > 1.5W, U = 0.87
If 1.5W > L > W, U = 0.75
Fu
415
485
550
620
690
760
825
RESULTS
Electrode
Fu
Capacity
Gross Area
Ag
T
Net Area
U
T
Governing T
E60
415
12323
1833.6624
0.75
1917.766875
1833.6624
141

else, Redesign
Min Thickness
Thicker Material
Min t
<6mm
3
>6-12mm
5
>12-20mm
6
>20-38mm
8
>38-57mm
10
>57-150mm
12
>150mm
16
SAFE
Dimensions of Weld
Min t
8
Max t
17.5
t (used)
12.75
L
178.209579589
Max Thickness
Attached Material
<6mm
te = t
>6mm
te = t - 1.6
142

INTERIOR COLUMN - INTERIOR LONGITUDINAL CONNECTION (C13-B12)
Given
Beam
Column
A
bf
tf
7013
178.7
14.4
mm2
mm
mm
P
Fy
200
248
kN
MPa
A
bf
tf
30581
356.1
27.4
mm2
mm
mm
E60
E70
E80
E90
E100
E110
E120

Base on Gross Area
T = 0.6FyAg
Based on Net Area
T = 0.5*Fu*U*Ag
If L > 2W, U = 1
Fu
415
485
550
620
690
760
825
RESULTS
Electrode
Fu
Capacity
Gross Area
Ag
T
Net Area
E60
415
7013
1043.5344
143
If 2W > L > 1.5W, U = 0.87

If 1.5W > L > W, U = 0.75
else, Redesign
Min Thickness
Thicker Material
Min t
<6mm
3
>6-12mm
5
>12-20mm
6
>20-38mm
8
>38-57mm
10
>57-150mm
12
>150mm
16
U
T
Governing T
0.75
1091.398125
1043.5344
SAFE
Dimensions of Weld
Min t
8
Max t
12.8
t (used)
10.4
L
218.478090362
Max Thickness
Attached Material
<6mm
te = t
>6mm
te = t - 1.6
144
Fu
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
SULTS
MPa
mm2
kN
SAFE
mm
mm
mm
mm
145
146
Fu
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
SULTS
MPa
mm2
kN
SAFE
mm
mm
mm
mm
147
148
B2)
Fu
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
SULTS
MPa
mm2
kN
SAFE
mm
mm
mm
149
mm
150
Fu
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
SULTS
MPa
mm2
kN
SAFE
151
mm
mm
mm
mm
152
Fu
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
SULTS
MPa
mm2
kN
153
SAFE
mm
mm
mm
mm
154
Fu
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
SULTS
MPa
mm2
kN
155
SAFE
mm
mm
mm
mm
156
BOLTED CONNECTION - TRADEOFF 1 (STANDARD BOLT HOLES)

P
t
bolts
bolt hole
24.591
5
16
18
kN
mm
mm
mm
Part 1. Get the required number of bolts

considering shear in the bolts
Pu = AvFv, solve for n (number of bolts)
where Av = n*pi*(^2)/4
Fv = 0.30Fu
considering bearing in the bolts
Pu = AbFb, solve for n (number of bolts)
where Ab = n*Dt
Fb = 1.2Fu
*Choose the greater amount of n
Pary 4. Check for Block Shear
Pt = FvAv + FtAt
where Fv = 0.3*Fu
Ft = 0.5*Fu
Av = Shear Area
At = Tension Area
else, the section chosen is SAFE
Part 3. Determine the spacing of bolt
and edge distance
s = 1.5*bolt
Le = 2*bolt
RESULTS
Fu
207
Shear in Bolts
Av per bolt
Fv
n
254.469
62.1
2
Bearing of Bolts
Ab
90
Fb
248.4
n
2
n (governs)
s
Le
Block Shear
Av
At
Fv
Ft
Pt
2
24
32
190
155
62.1
103.5
27.8415
SAFE
CORNER COLUMN
W 18 X 46
Le
TENSIN MEMBER
L 40 X 40 X 5
145
TENSIN MEMBER
L 40 X 40 X 5
146
LT HOLES)
ESULTS
MPa
mm2
MPa
pcs
mm2
MPa
pcs
pcs
mm
mm
mm2
mm2
MPa
MPa
kN
SAFE
TENSIN MEMBER
L 40 X 40 X 5
147
TENSIN MEMBER
L 40 X 40 X 5
148
149
150
151
152
BOLTED CONNECTION - TRADEOFF 1 (OVERSIZED BOLT HOLE)

P
t
bolts
bolt hole
24.591
5
16
20
kN
mm
mm
mm
RESULTS
Fu

considering shear in the bolts
Pu = AvFv, solve for n (number of bolts)
where Av = n*pi*(^2)/4
Fv = 0.30Fu
considering bearing in the bolts
Pu = AbFb, solve for n (number of bolts)
where Ab = n*Dt
Fb = 1.2Fu
*Choose the greater amount of n
Pary 4. Check for Block Shear
Pt = FvAv + FtAt
where Fv = 0.3*Fu
Ft = 0.5*Fu
Av = Shear Area
At = Tension Area
*If Pt > P, Reselect another section
else, the section chosen is SAFE
Part 3. Determine the spacing of bolt
and edge distance
s = 1.5*bolt
Le = 2*bolt
207
Shear in Bolts
Av per bolt 314.159265
Fv
62.1
n
2
Bearing of Bolts
Ab
100
Fb
248.4
n
1
n (governs)
s
Le
Block Shear
Av
At
Fv
Ft
Pt
2
24
32
180
150
62.1
103.5
26.703
SAFE
CORNER COLUMN
W 18 X 46
Le
TENSIN MEMBER
L 40 X 40 X 5
146
TENSIN MEMBER
L 40 X 40 X 5
147
LT HOLE)
SULTS
MPa
mm2
MPa
pcs
mm2
MPa
pcs
pcs
mm
mm
mm2
mm2
MPa
MPa
kN
AFE
TENSIN MEMBER
L 40 X 40 X 5
148
TENSIN MEMBER
L 40 X 40 X 5
149
BEAMS
ECONOMIC
Section
W33 x 152
Section
BW450 x 181
Area (mm2)
28839
HOT ROLLED BEAMS

Total Length (m)
Weight (kg/m)
890
226
Area (mm2)
29104
BUILT-UP BEAMS
Total Length (m)
Weight (kg/m)
890
181.37
Total Cost for Rolled Section

Total Cost for Built-Up Section
20,596,736
16,529,336
147
BEAMS
CONSTRUCTABILIT
S
Unit Cost (Php/kg)
102.4
Cost (Php)
20,596,736
Unit Cost (Php/kg)

102.4
Cost (Php)
16,529,336
In this part, the designer considered the manufacturabili

the designer gave a rank of 5 to Rolled Sections, and 2 fof Bui
rolled sections is manufactured as one, considering only th
member, while built up section are rolled sections combin
thus, aside from molding and curing time, we also con
148
BEAMS
CONSTRUCTABILITY
ered the manufacturability of each section. In this constraint,

d Sections, and 2 fof Built Up sections. The main reason is that the
one, considering only the molding and curing time of the whole
re rolled sections combined together to form another section,
curing time, we also consider the stiffening of the section.
Length, L
Weight (Load), W
Modulus of Elasticity, E
Moment of Inertia (Strong Axis), Ix
Deflection, S
For Rolled Section: W30 x 173
L = 6 m (longest beam in the structure)
Assume W = 1 kN/m
E = 200000 MPa
Ix = 3413000000 mm4
*Fixed Ends
=(1 (6000) ^4)/(384(200000)(3413000000))
=.0494433
%=(.0494433(100))/16.67
%=0.29660%
149
INITIAL ESTIMATED VALUES
BEAMS
SERVICEABILITY
=(^4)/384
%= /_
()=/360
INITIAL RANKING COMPUTATION F
To Determine the Ranking of the Valu

For Built-Up Section: BW450 x 181
L = 6 m (longest beam in the structure)
Assume W = 1 kN/m
E = 200000 MPa
Ix = 831000000 mm4
*Fixed Ends
0)(3413000000))
=(1 (6000) ^4)/(384(200000)(831000000))

=.020306859
RAW DESIGNER'S RANKING
_=6000/360
_=16.67
%=(.02036859(100))/16.67
%=0.222187%
150

Tradeoffs
Criteria
Economic
Constructability
Safety
Rolled
Php 20,596,736
74 days
0.30%
Built Up
Php 16,529,336
84 days
0.22%
INITIAL RANKING COMPUTATION FOR BEAMS

To Determine the Ranking of the Values,
Difference (%) = [(Higher - Lower)/Higher]*100
Subordinate Rank = Governing Rank - (Difference (%)/10)
Summary
Economic
20,596,736
16,529,336
5
19.75
3
Higher Value
Lower Value
Governing Rank
Difference (%)
Subordinate Rank
CRITERIA
Constructability
N/A
N/A
5
N/A
2
Safety
0.297
0.222
5
25.09
2

Criterion
Economic (Cost)
Constructability (Manufacturability)
Safety (Deflection)
Overall Ranking
Importance
5
4
4
Ability to Satisfy the Criterion

Hot Rolled
Built-Up
3
5
5
2
2
5
43
53
151
COLUMNS
ECONOMIC
Section
W24 x 103
Section
BW600 x 150
Area (mm2)
19548
HOT ROLLED COLUMNS

Total Length (m)
Weight (kg/m)
495
184.5
Area (mm2)
19160
BUILT-UP COLUMNS
Total Length (m)
Weight (kg/m)
495
196.44

9,351,936
9,957,151
152
COLUMNS
CONSTRUCTABILIT
NS
Unit Cost (Php/kg)
102.4
Cost (Php)
9,351,936
Unit Cost (Php/kg)

102.4
Cost (Php)
9,957,151

the designer gave a rank of 5 to Rolled Sections, and 2 fof Bui
rolled sections is manufactured as one, considering only th
member, while built up section are rolled sections combin
thus, aside from molding and curing time, we also con
153
COLUMNS
CONSTRUCTABILITY

d Sections, and 2 fof Built Up sections. The main reason is that the
one, considering only the molding and curing time of the whole
re rolled sections combined together to form another section,
curing time, we also consider the stiffening of the section.
STR
In this part, values cannot be assum

after analyzing the whole structure. Th
designer gave a higher rank to the ro
sections, they always give lower valu
to be sum up with their selfweight
a
154
COLUMNS
STRENGTH (AXIAL CAPACITY)
values cannot be assumed since axial capacity of columns can only be measured
g the whole structure. Therefore, the designer sought a way to rank this constraint. The
e a higher rank to the rolled beam sections because considering same area of cross
ey always give lower value of weight. Thus, they can still carry greater amount of load
up with their selfweights . Thus, the designer gave a rank of 5 to rolled sections,
and 4 for built up sections.
155

Tradeoffs
Criteria
Rolled
Php 20,596,736
Economic
Built Up
Php 16,529,336
INITIAL RANKING COMPUTATION FOR COLUMNS

Summary
Economic
9,957,151
9,351,936
5
6.08
4
Higher Value
Lower Value
Governing Rank
Difference (%)
Subordinate Rank
CRITERIA
Constructability
N/A
N/A
5
N/A
2
Strength
N/A
N/A
5
N/A
4

Criterion
Economic (Cost)
Strength (Axial Capacity)
Overall Ranking
Importance
5
4
4

Hot Rolled
Built-Up
4
5
5
2
4
5
56
53
156
TENSION MEMBERS
ECONOMIC
Section
L 65 x 65 x 8
Section
L 75 x 50 x 8
Area (mm2)
964.69
SINGLE ANGLE WITH EQUAL LEGS

Total Length (m)
Weight (kg/m)
152.32
4.97
Area (mm2)
941.26
BUILT-UP BEAMS
Total Length (m)
Weight (kg/m)
152.32
7.65

77,520
119,321
157
BERS
TENSION MEMB
CONSTRUCTABILIT
AL LEGS
Unit Cost (Php/kg)
102.4
Cost (Php)
77,520
Unit Cost (Php/kg)

102.4
Cost (Php)
119,321

the designer gave a rank of 5 to Single Angle with Equal Le
in the period of time in both legs, unlike in unequal legs, ranke
of manufacturing, especially in
158
ENSION MEMBERS
TEN
CONSTRUCTABILITY

ngle Angle with Equal Legs because there is equal distribution
ke in unequal legs, ranked as 4, because they can have variation
ufacturing, especially in curing time.
In this part, values cannot be assum

after analyzing the whole structure. Th
designer gave a higher rank of 5 to
is possibly higher since the fastener
equal legs ranked as 3, both have sa
than that of single angle with unequal le
be computation of gross area and net a
159
TENSION MEMBERS
STRENGTH
values cannot be assumed since axial capacity of columns can only be measured
g the whole structure. Therefore, the designer sought a way to rank this constraint. The
ave a higher rank of 5 to the single angle with unequal legs because the axial load
igher since the fasteners are placed in the longer leg, unlike in the single angle with
nked as 3, both have same dimensions thus giving high possibly of having lesser leg
gle angle with unequal legs. Comparing the longer legs is necessary because there will
of gross area and net area, where the axial capacity of the tension member will depend
160

Criteria
Economic
Tradeoffs
Rolled
Php 77,520
Built Up
Php 119,321
INITIAL RANKING COMPUTATION FOR TENSION MEMBERS

Summary
Higher Value
Lower Value
Governing Rank
Difference (%)
Subordinate Rank
Economic
119,321
77,520
5
35.03
1
CRITERIA
Constructability
N/A
N/A
5
N/A
4
Safety
N/A
N/A
5
N/A
3

Criterion
Importance
Economic
Constructability
Strength
Overall Ranking
5
4
4

SA Equal Legs
SA Unequal Legs
5
1
5
4
3
5
57
41
161
BOLTED CONNECTIONS
ECONOMIC
Joints
50
Joints
50
Bolt Diameter
18
STANDARD HOLE SIZE

No. of Bolts
Unit Cost
2
30
Bolt Diameter
20
OVERSIZED HOLE SIZE

No. of Bolts
Unit Cost
2
40
Total Cost for Standard

Total Cost for Oversized
9900
11200
162
CTIONS
BOLTED CONNEC
CONSTRUCTABILITY
ZE
Unit Cost (per cu.m.)
330
Total Cost
9900
Total Cost
9900
Labor Cost
3960
STANDARD HOLE SIZE

No. of Workers
5
Labor Cost
4480
OVERSIZED HOLE SIZE

No. of Workers
5
ZE
280
Total Cost
11200
Total Ciost
11200
Total Duration for Standard

Total Duration for Oversized
51.48
44.8
163
BOLT
LTED CONNECTIONS
RUCTABILITY
In this constraint, the designer gave a rank of 5 for the s

compared to oversized bolt hole. Larger net area gives g
RD HOLE SIZE
Wage
20
Total Man-Hour
51.48
Wage
20
Total Man-Hour
44.8
ZED HOLE SIZE
164
BOLTED CONNECTIONS
STRENGTH
ave a rank of 5 for the standard bolt hole it has greater net area
. Larger net area gives greater capacity of the connection
165

Criteria
Economic
Constructability
Tradeoffs
Standard
9,900
51.48
Oversized
11,200
44.8

Summary
Higher Value
Lower Value
Governing Rank
Difference (%)
Subordinate Rank
Economic
11,200
9,900
5
11.61
4
CRITERIA
Constructability
51
45
5
12.98
4
Safety
N/A
N/A
5
N/A
3

Criterion
Importance
Economic
Constructability
Strength
Overall Ranking
5
4
4

Standard
Oversized
5
4
5
4
3
5
57
56
166
WELDED CONNECTIONS
ECONOMIC
E70XX
Joints
180
L
150
t
6
Volume
972000
E60XX
Joints
180
L
150
t
7
Volume
1323000
167
CTIONS
WELDED CONNEC
CONSTRUCTABILITY

300

200
Total Cost
291600
Total Cost
264600
Material Cost
291,600
Material Cost
264,600
Labor Cost
43740
E70XX
No. of Workers
5
Labor Cost
39690
E60XX
No. of Workers
5
168
DED CONNECTIONS
WELD
RUCTABILITY
E70XX
In this constraint, the designer based his ranking in the u

Wage
50
Total Man-Hour
174.96
Wage
50
Total Man-Hour
158.76
E70XX
E60XX
485 MPa
415 MPa
E60XX
169
WELDED CONNECTIONS
STRENGTH
ased his ranking in the ultimate tensile strength of the electrodes used
170

Tradeoffs
Criteria
Economic
Constructability
Safety
E70XX
Php 291,600
174.96 man-hrs
485
E60XX
Php 264,600
158.76 man-hrs
415

Summary
Economic
291600
264600
5
9.26
4
Higher Value
Lower Value
Governing Rank
Difference (%)
Subordinate Rank
CRITERIA
Constructability
175
159
5
9.21
4
Safety
485.000
415.000
5
14.43
4

Criterion
Economic (Cost)
Safety (Deflection)
Overall Ranking
Importance
5
4
4

E70XX
E60XX
4
5
4
5
5
4
56
61
171
BEAMS
ECONOMIC
Section
W 18 x 64
W 16 x 40
W 12 x 30
Section
BW 450 x 95
Area (mm2)
12323
7013
7013
HOT ROLLED BEAMS

Total Length (m)
Weight (kg/m)
770
105.5
250
59.9
500
44.6
Area (mm2)
19548
BUILT-UP BEAMS
Total Length (m)
Weight (kg/m)
1520
94.99

12,135,424
14,785,004
166
BEAMS
CONSTRUCTABILIT
S
Unit Cost (Php/kg)
102.4
102.4
102.4
Unit Cost (Php/kg)

102.4
Cost (Php)
8,318,464
1,533,440
2,283,520
Cost (Php)
14,785,004
Section
W 27 x 161
W 21 x 83
W 18 x 46
Section
BW 700 x 239
Volume (mm2)
9488710
1753250
3506500
HOT ROLLED COLUM

Molding (hrs)
1423.3065
262.9875
525.975
Volume (mm2)
14856480
BUILT-UP COLUMNS
Molding (hrs)
2228.472
Total Duration for Rolled Section

Total Duration for Built-Up Section
74
84
167
BEAMS
CONSTRUCTABILITY
HOT ROLLED COLUMNS
Curing (hrs)
2372.1775
438.3125
876.625
BUILT-UP COLUMNS
Curing (hrs)
3714.12
In the manual computation for the des

Duration
47.44355
8.76625
17.5325
Assembly (hrs)
742.824
Deflection in Rolled Section =

Deflection in Built Up Section =
Duration (hrs)
84
0
168
BEAMS
SERVICEABILITY
In the manual computation for the design of beams, the deflection of the member is already presented
ed Section =
Up Section =
7.41 mm
5.67 mm
169
FINAL ESTIMATED VALUES

Tradeoffs
Criteria
Economic
Constructability
Safety
Rolled
Php 12135424
74 days
7.41 mm
Built Up
Php 14,785,004
84 days
5.67 mm
FINAL RANKING COMPUTATION FOR BEAMS

Summary
Economic
14,785,004
12,135,424
5
21.83
3
Higher Value
Lower Value
Governing Rank
Difference (%)
Subordinate Rank
CRITERIA
Constructability
84
74
5
13.32
4
Safety
7.41
5.67
5
30.69
2
FINAL DESIGNER'S RANKING

Criterion
Economic (Cost)
Safety (Deflection)
Overall Ranking
Importance
5
4
4

Hot Rolled
5
5
2
53
170
y to Satisfy the Criterion

Built-Up
3
4
5
51
171
COLUMNS
ECONOMIC
Section
W 27 x 161
W 21 x 83
W 18 x 46
Section
BW 700 x 239
W 21 x 83
W 18 x 46
Area (mm2)
30581
15677
8710
HOT ROLLED COLUMNS

Total Length (m)
Weight (kg/m)
135
240.5
300
123.3
60
68.5
Area (mm2)
30484
15720
8710
BUILT-UP COLUMNS
Total Length (m)
Weight (kg/m)
135
239.14
300
123.4
60
83.05

7,533,312
7,606,979
172
COLUMNS
CONSTRUCTABILIT
NS
Unit Cost (Php/kg)
102.4
102.4
102.4
Cost (Php)
3,324,672
3,787,776
420,864
Section
W 27 x 161
W 21 x 83
W 18 x 46
Volume (mm2)
4128435
4703100
522600
HOT ROLLED COLUM

Molding (hrs)
619.26525
705.465
78.39
Volume (mm2)
4115340
4716000
522600
BUILT-UP COLUMNS
Molding (hrs)
617.301
707.4
78.39
S
Unit Cost (Php/kg)
102.4
102.4
102.4
Cost (Php)
3,305,871
3,790,848
510,259
Section
BW 700 x 239
W 21 x 83
W 18 x 46

47
53
173
COLUMNS
CONSTRUCTABILITY
HOT ROLLED COLUMNS
Curing (hrs)
1032.10875
1175.775
130.65
BUILT-UP COLUMNS
Curing (hrs)
1028.835
1179
130.65
ST
In the manual computation for the design

Axial Capacity of Rolled Section
Column
Quantity
Interior
9
Exterior
20
Corner
4
Total
Duration
20.642175
23.5155
2.613
Assembly (hrs)
205.767
235.8
26.13
Duration (hrs)
23
27
3
Axial Capacity of Built Up Section

Column
Quantity
Interior
9
Exterior
20
Corner
4
Total
174
COLUMNS
STRENGTH (AXIAL CAPACITY)
the manual computation for the design of columns, the axial capacity of the member is already presented
Rolled Section
Percentage
Capacity
Factored
0.2727272727
3791.57 1034.064545
0.6060606061
1763.16 1068.581818
0.1212121212
830.69
100.689697
1
6385.42 2203.336061
Built Up Section
Percentage
0.2727272727
0.6060606061
0.1212121212
1
Capacity
3789.31
1796.49
1177
6762.8
Factored
1033.448182
1088.781818
142.6666667
2264.896667
175

Tradeoffs
Criteria
Economic
Constructability
Strength
Rolled
Php 7,533,312
47 days
6385.42 kN
Built Up
Php 7,606,979
53 days
6762.8 kN

Summary
Economic
7,606,979
7,533,312
5
0.97
4
Higher Value
Lower Value
Governing Rank
Difference (%)
Subordinate Rank
CRITERIA
Constructability
53
47
5
11.11
4
Strength
2264.8966666667
2203.3360606061
5
2.72
4

Criterion
Economic (Cost)
Strength (Axial Capacity)
Overall Ranking
Importance
5
4
4

Hot Rolled
5
5
4
61
176

Built-Up
4
4
5
56
177
TENSION MEMBERS
ECONOMIC
Section
L 40 x 40 x 5
Section
L 75 x 50 x 8
Area (mm2)
378.86
SINGLE ANGLE WITH EQUAL LEGS

Total Length (m)
Weight (kg/m)
152.32
2.87
Area (mm2)
426.72
BUILT-UP BEAMS
Total Length (m)
Weight (kg/m)
152.32
3.35
Total Cost for SA Equal Legs

Total Cost for SA Unequal Legs
44,765
52,252
178
BERS
TENSION MEMB
CONSTRUCTABILIT
AL LEGS
Unit Cost (Php/kg)
102.4
Unit Cost (Php/kg)

102.4
Cost (Php)
44,765
Cost (Php)
52,252
Section
L 40 x 40 x 5
Section
BW 700 x 239
Volume (mm2)
57707.9552
HOT ROLLED COLUM

Molding (hrs)
8.65619328
Volume (mm2)
64997.9904
BUILT-UP COLUMNS
Molding (hrs)
9.74969856
Total Duration for SA Equal Legs

Total Duration for SA Unequal Legs
7
9
179
ENSION MEMBERS
TE
CONSTRUCTABILITY
HOT ROLLED COLUMNS
Curing (hrs)
14.4269888
BUILT-UP COLUMNS
Curing (hrs)
16.2494976
In the manual computation for the design of tension mem

axial capacity of the member is already presented
Duration
7
Axial Capacity of SA Equal Legs

Axial Capacity of SA Unequal Legs
Assembly (hrs)
3.24989952
Duration (hrs)
9
180
TENSION MEMBERS
STRENGTH
mputation for the design of tension members,

he member is already presented
SA Equal Legs
SA Unequal Legs
47.42 kN
55.86 kN
181

Criteria
Economic
Constructability
Strength
Tradeoffs
Rolled
Php 44,765
7 days
47.42 kN
Built Up
Php 52,252
9 days
55.86 kN

Summary
Higher Value
Lower Value
Governing Rank
Difference (%)
Subordinate Rank
Economic
52,252
44,765
5
14.33
4
CRITERIA
Constructability
9
7
5
21.08
3
Strength
55.860
47.420
5
15.11
3

Criterion
Importance
Economic
Constructability
Strength
Overall Ranking
5
4
4

SA Equal Legs
SA Unequal Legs
5
4
5
3
3
5
57
52
182
183
BOLTED CONNECTIONS
ECONOMIC
Joints
80
Joints
80
Bolt Diameter
18
STANDARD HOLE SIZE

No. of Bolts
Unit Cost
2
30
Bolt Diameter
20
OVERSIZED HOLE SIZE

No. of Bolts
Unit Cost
2
40
Total Cost for Standard

Total Cost for Oversized
4800
6400
184
CTIONS
BOLTED CONNEC
CONSTRUCTABILITY
ZE
Total Cost
4800
Total Cost
4800
Labor Cost
1920
STANDARD HOLE SIZE

No. of Workers
5
Labor Cost
2560
OVERSIZED HOLE SIZE

No. of Workers
5
ZE
Total Cost
6400
Total Ciost
6400
Total Duration for Standard

Total Duration for Oversized
24.96
30.72
185
BOLT
LTED CONNECTIONS
RUCTABILITY
In this constraint, the designer gave a rank of 5 for the s

compared to oversized bolt hole. Larger net area gives g
RD HOLE SIZE
Wage
20
Total Man-Hour
24.96
Wage
20
Total Man-Hour
30.72
ZED HOLE SIZE
186
BOLTED CONNECTIONS
STRENGTH
the designer gave a rank of 5 for the standard bolt hole it has greater net area
sized bolt hole. Larger net area gives greater capacity of the connection
187
Criteria
Economic
Constructability
Strength
Tradeoffs
Standard
4,800
24.96
27.84
Oversized
6,400
30.72
26.7

Summary
Higher Value
Lower Value
Governing Rank
Difference (%)
Subordinate Rank
Economic
6,400
4,800
5
25.00
3
CRITERIA
Constructability
25
31
5
23.08
3
Safety
27.840
26.703
5
4.08
4

Criterion
Importance
Economic
Constructability
Strength
Overall Ranking
5
4
4

Standard
Oversized
5
3
5
3
5
4
65
43
188
189
WELDED CONNECTIONS
ECONOMIC
E70XX
Joints
180
L
152.48861
t
12.75
Volume
4462007.3393625
E60XX
Joints
180
L
178.2096
t
12.75
Volume
5214635.658
190
CTIONS
WELDED CONNEC
CONSTRUCTABILITY
Total Cost
300 1338602.2018088

200
Total Cost
1042927.1316
Material Cost
1,338,602
Material Cost
1,042,927
Labor Cost
200790.330271313
E70XX
No. of Workers
5
Labor Cost
156439.06974
E60XX
No. of Workers
5
191
DED CONNECTIONS
WELD
RUCTABILITY
E70XX
In this constraint, the designer based his ranking in the u

Wage
50
Total Man-Hour
803.1613210853
Wage
50
Total Man-Hour
625.75627896
E70XX
E60XX
485
415
E60XX
192
WELDED CONNECTIONS
STRENGTH
the designer based his ranking in the ultimate tensile strength of the electrodes used
MPa
MPa
193
Tradeoffs
Criteria
Economic
Constructability
Safety
E70XX
Php 1,338,602
803.16 mn-hrs
485
E60XX
Php 1,042,297
625.76 man-hr
415

Summary
Economic
1338602
1042297
5
22.14
3
Higher Value
Lower Value
Governing Rank
Difference (%)
Subordinate Rank
CRITERIA
Constructability
803
626
5
22.09
3
Safety
485.000
415.000
5
14.43
4

Criterion
Economic (Cost)
Safety (Deflection)
Overall Ranking
Importance
5
4
4

E70XX
3
3
5
47
194

E60XX
5
5
4
61
195

Steel Design Final Project - Tradeoffs For All Structural Members, Excel Program

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Steel Design Final Project - Tradeoffs For All Structural Members, Excel Program

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RESULT OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR COLUMNS

RESULT OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR COLUMNS

RESULT OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR BEAMS

BEAMS PARALLEL TO Z-AXIS

BEAMS PARALLEL TO X-AXIS

RESULT OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR BEAMS

BEAMS PARALLEL TO Z-AXIS

BEAMS PARALLEL TO X-AXIS

RESULT OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR TENSION MEMBERS

Left and Right

Part 1. Select a Trial Section for Initial Design

Choosing a Trial Section

Part 2. Determine if the Section is compact

Trial Section Used: W 18 x 65

a. bf/2tf < 170/sqrt(Fy) - flange

where kc = 4.05/((h/tw)^0.46) < 70

Case 3. Noncompact, Lb < 200bf/sqrt(Fy)

If h/tw < 998/sqrt(Fy)

BEAM DESIGN - TRADEOFF 1 (ROLLED SECTIONS)

Part 1. Select a Trial Section for Initial Design

Choosing a Trial Section

Part 2. Determine if the Section is compact

Trial Section Used: W 16 x 40

a. bf/2tf < 170/sqrt(Fy) - flange

Flange and Web

Case 3. Noncompact, Lb < 200bf/sqrt(Fy)

*Allowable Shear Stress

BEAM DESIGN - TRADEOFF 1 (ROLLED SECTIONS)

Part 1. Select a Trial Section for Initial Design

Choosing a Trial Section

Part 2. Determine if the Section is compact

Trial Section Used: W 12 x 30

a. bf/2tf < 170/sqrt(Fy) - flange

Case 2. Noncompact, Lb < Lc

Part 7. Check the Shear Stress

BEAMS AT 4TH FLR

ctness of the Section

le Bending Stress - Strong Axis

le Bending Stress - Strong Axis

ctness of the Section

le Bending Stress - Strong Axis

le Bending Stress - Strong Axis

ctness of the Section

le Bending Stress - Strong Axis

le Bending Stress - Strong Axis

COLUMNS AT 3RD - 4TH FLR

Part 1. Select a Trial Section for Initial Design

Choosing a Trial Section

Part 2. Determine if the Section is compact

Trial Section Used: BW 450 x 95

a. bf/2tf < 170/sqrt(Fy) - flange

where kc = 4.05/((h/tw)^0.46) < 70

Case 3. Noncompact, Lb < 200bf/sqrt(Fy)

If h/tw < 998/sqrt(Fy)

BEAM DESIGN BASIS - TRADEOFF 2 (BUILT UP SECTIONS)

Part 1. Select a Trial Section for Initial Design

Choosing a Trial Section

Part 2. Determine if the Section is compact

Trial Section Used: BW 450 x 95

a. bf/2tf < 170/sqrt(Fy) - flange

Flange and Web

Case 3. Noncompact, Lb < 200bf/sqrt(Fy)

*Allowable Shear Stress