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PUBLISHED BY ‘THEMIS PUBLISHING VBox 888862 Singapore 919191 telephone: (+65) 8211-8218 (sales) (465) 8273-7672 (delivery) (+65) 8211-6262 (sales admin) (+65) 8155-5542 (fulfillment) office: (485) 8464-4668 (redemption, eBook ‘utfilment) email: eBooks@yellowreef.com (orders) sales®@ yelowreef.com (enquiries) website: wwm.yellowreefcom BRIGHT IDEA PUBLISHING & ENTERTAINMENT SON BHD 303, Block A, Pusat Dagangan Phileo Damansara 2, No.9, Jalan 16/11, Off Jalan Damansara, Petaling Java, Selangor, 46350 West Malaysia telephone:(+6) 03-7931-8119 (sales office) (#6) 01-7701-9128 (sales admin) (+6) 01-2923-2548 (delivery) facsimile: (+6) 03-7931-0059 copyright since 1954 © YELLOWREEF LIMITED, UK All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in adatabase or retrieval system, fr transmitted in any form or by any means, fy) 1 1 ex s yo1 x = ay-1 > Seey= From @, the inverse function is: fies taa, xeR, x20. (ans) © Facts: Posted on on 10 Nov 2009 ‘MOE approved Physics textbook teaches my nephew the wrong thing. ASTOMPer's nephew came home crying after his GCE '0' level Physics exam. He answered a question according to what he studied from the ‘MOE approved textbook, only to find out later that it was wrong. How can the MOE approved textbooks, which so many students use, carry such errors and ambiquities, questions this STOMPer. Says this STOMPer: “My nephew who sat for his GCE ‘0’ level exam came back crying and showed ‘me his Physics Paper 1 (5058/01) in which Q19 says: ‘What is the refractive index of a medium? A. the ratio of the speed of light in air to the speed of light in the medium, B. the ratio of the speed of light in the medium to the speed of light in air. the ratio of the speed of light in the medium to the speed of light in vacuum D. the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the medium. “According to the internet, which Ihave checked the answer is ‘D' ‘My nephew who wrote the answer as A’ later consulted his teacher after the ‘exam and was told thot the answer is ‘0’ According te his textbook page 231 the authors say ‘It has been proven that the refractive index isa ratio between the speed of light in air or vacuum and the speed of ight in a medium’. The cover of the school textbook titled GCE '0" Level Physics matters by Charles Chew and Chow Siew Foong and there was a seal with the words ‘Approved by ‘Ministry of Education for use from 2007 - 2011" This was the textbook used in many of our secondary schools and endorsed by the MOE. If the textbook has errors or ambiguities why does MOE recommend that schools use this particular textbook?" A competent guide would have explained that the determination of any physical standard, such as the refractive index, must be found based on invariant bench—mark(s). Air beinga You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.‘re youa teacher Itutor? ‘Are yous beginner (student)? ves oes your tutor teach beyond syllabus to make you strongerin the ek subject? yes Isexam/test ‘coming soon? Preparing (You need help for actual ule) yes line Do youneed more worked examples to deeper your Understanding of the subject? Isexamftest ‘coming soon? (You need help vicky) Do you need more worked examples to deeper your Understanding of the subject? Do you want to learn from the best? Do you need to practise challenging ‘exam questions? More extreme practices? ‘The final practice (with mark schemes) just before the actualigese or ordinary level (51-53 or $4) advanced level or DSE ‘An ample effective guide for stueats ating outa junior Secondary 1 and fends at Secondary 30r €or 5 “An ample effective guide fr ste stating out at Secondary or ower Form 6 FJ year and ends at Secondary 6 DSE or upper Form 6 or sCyear 203 ‘Atota deliberation of extensive concepts tauahtn top schoo ‘Atotal deliberation of extensive concepts taught n top colleges. critical study notes © challenging learn-by- ‘example (LBE) © “Anintense and sharp delivery of concepts. The structure and organization ae det verbatim imports from top schoo “Anintence and sharp daivery of concepts. The suture and frgonization ae det verbatim import rom top colleges. ‘The MEQs / structured question ypes ‘were taken from actual exams, The deliberations were from easy thar. (topal) ‘The MEQs / structured question ypes were taken from actual exams. The deliberations were from easy hard (topical) demanding LB @ ‘The MCas / structured question*ype5 were taken rom actual exame ‘Woridwi. The deliberations were fram 259 to hard. topical), ‘The MCs / structured question *vpe5 were taken from actual exame ‘Worldwide. The deliberations were {tom e25y hard (topical) challenging practice questions © (with answer keys) / solutions © challenging drill questions © (with answer keys) / solutions © ‘Actual am question arrangedina topical order. Ins comorehensive solution, with mark schemes ‘etal exam questions arranged ina topical order. ts comprehensive slution, with mark schemes For practice. The MCOs/ structures ‘question ypes were taken from stu Preliminary exams of op schoo. (topical) lus comprehensive solutions. For practice. The MCOs/ structured ‘question ypes were taken fom cual preliminary exams of top colleges (top lus comprehensive solutions. extreme drill questions © {with answer keys) / solutions ® teacher's reference e For practie. The MCOs / structured _queston- types with solutions were ‘ken fom etal exams. (opi For practice. The MCOs/ structured ‘question types with soktions were taken from actal exams. (opal) ‘Acomplete and comprehensive reference for teachers ‘Acomplete and comprehensive reference for teachers complete yearly solutions © challenging examinations questions © {with answer keys) / solutions ® Journey books © | “The solutions to aetwal exams arranged Ina yearly format (orp slats, no questions: ee purchase our own opr he eons ‘The solutions to atual exams ranged na year format (ony slats, no uestions: ease rch your own copy te guestne) ‘Accurate exam questions arranged in paper order ‘The answer hey was deberately not provided ait intended to simulate the fetal exam condition lus comorehenswve solution, with mark schemes ‘Accurate exam questions arranged in paper order ‘The ansver hey was deliberately not provided ait intended to simulate ‘he actual exam coniton lus comprehensive solution, with mark schemes Forin-dopthleaenina.Redemption Coupon i As an original purchaser of our fine publications, you are now Me entitled to purchase a copy of the paper editions listed on the redemption list (please refer to www.yellowreef.com for details and prices). Please send us the required cheque payment (made payable to: cosmic services) or the equivalent internet / atm bank transfer slip proving electronic payment and the original copy of the purchase receipt of this. book. New book title / ISBN (& price payable): Name 'seN s Your Delivery address: (optional) incase of mail oss, please also scan recelpt and emallto: eBooks@yellowreef.com fold here VBox 888862 Y } Themis Publishing Singapore 919191] GENERAL PHYSICSa You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.MCcQs 1. Which of the following can 12 hours and 45 mins be written as? (A) 12.45 hr (8) 7.45 x 10° min (C) 4.59 x 10s (0) 4.45 x 10” ms 2. Which of the following is equivalent to 0.84 gem*? (A) 84kg m (B) 8.4 X 10° kgm* (c) 8.4 10° kgm? (0) 8.4 x 10°kgm* Questions — 1.1.3 1 Fill in the blanks in the table below. deci centi 10° 10° nano 10” kilo, giga 11-5a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.aa- 1.1.5 Doe a MCQs 1. Avernier scale vis placed against a scale S. The vernier reading is (a) 2.13 (8) 2.22 {c) 233 (0) 2.50 a 2. Atrolley moves with an acceleration. The chart below records its motion by a ticker-tape timer of frequency 50 Hz. Find the acceleration of the trolley <— O12 m 024m (A) 4ms* (8) Sms* (c) 6ms? (0) 7ms? a 3. The diagram shows a thick-walled tube. The thickness of the wall is 3 mm. [il TTT Omi 2 3 4 8 6 7 8 What is the internal diameter d of the tube? (A) 2.8m. (8) 3.0cm (C) 34¢m (0) 74m a 4. The diagram shows part of a micrometer screw gauge, 45 40 What is the reading (in mm) shown? (a) 5.39 (8) 5.49 (Cc) 5.99 (0) 6.99 5. Asteel rule is used to measure the length of bar whose length is 8.4 cm. Repeated measurements give the following readings. a4 |a7 [es [8 | ee ‘Are the readings accurate and precise to within 1 mm? Results are accurate Results are precise to within 1 mm to within 1 mm (A) No Yes (8) No No () Yes Yes (D) Yes No6. When comparing systematic errors and random errors, the following pairs of properties of errors in an experimental measurement may be contrasted. P1: error can possibly be eliminated P2 au a2: RI error cannot possibly be eliminated error is of constant sign and magnitude error is of varying sign and magnitude error will be reduced by averaging repeated measurements R2: error will not be reduced by averaging repeated measurements ‘Which properties apply to random errors? (a) P1, a2, R2 (8) P2, 02, R1 (C) Pt, a2, R2 (0) P2.01, Rt a 7. The pendulum shown below takes 0.75 s to move from the point P to Q, What is the period of the pendulurn? (a) 0.385 (8) 155 () 0.755 (0) 3.05 a The periodic time of a simple pendulum can be significantly reduced by {A) increasing the mass of the pendulum. (8) decreasing the mass of the pendulum. {C)_ decreasing the length of the pendulum. (0) increasing the length of the pendulum. 11-9 9, The following ticker-tape is obtained with a trolley running along a runway. With the same arrangement, which of the following change will NOT result in the tape below? (A) Push the trolley harder to start with. (B) Increase the slope of the runway. (C)_ Decrease the frequency of the timer. (D) Increase the speed of the trolley. 10. The stroboscopic plate is taken at a frequency of 20 Hz, What is the downward acceleration? Op o2em oF O° Oo 24em isi (A) 0.15 ms? (8) 2.93ms? (C} 1.60ms* (0) 3.20ms* 11, A student had been asked to calculate the volume of a piece of wire, which is roughly 80 cm long and about 0.2 cm in diameter. Which measuring instruments should the student use? length diameter (A) metre rule vernier calipers (8) metre rule micrometer (C) micrometer vernier calipers (0) vernier calipers micrometer11-10 12. The diagram shows the scale of a vernier caliper. 3 om 2 ot prhifrrirf If the zero reading of this vernier caliper is + 0.03 cm, what is the correct reading of the measurement taken? (a) 134m (8) 1.9m {c) 202m {D) 2.05 em 13. A student attempts to measure the length of a pendulum as shown in the diagram. What is the reading? (a) 75.3 em (8) 75.4cm (c) 76.5 em (0) 76.6 em Questions — 1.1.5 1. (a) What is meant by (a systematic error, (i) a random error? (b)_ The spring constant of a spring may be determined by finding the extension of the spring and the load applied using the apparatus shown in the figure below. Load Metre rule (i) Give one example of a systematic error and one example of a random error which could occur in this experiment. (i) Readings of the position of the lower end of the spring are made using the metre rule, Suggest a method by which the error in these readings may be kept to a minimum using an optical pin. (iil) If the extension of the spring is of the order of a few millimeters, comment on the reliability of the measurements.Answer keys: 1.1.1 cos La Questions 1 ms’, kg ms”, kgm’s®, kgm’s?, ms?k kgm’s?, kgm’s?, kem’s? 1.1.2 cas La 2, 3 4 Questions 1. (a)(i)_ kg, K, current, mol (b)())_ kg? m?s?, kg m?s* 1.1.3 Mcas 1c Questions 1, 10", 10°, milli, micro, 10°, pico, 10°, 10° 1.1.4 cas 1D 2A 3 C aA 5. B 6 B Questions 1. 1.98kN 2, 310km 3. (a) 6.12 units in the direction of 112.5° to the positive x- axis. (b) 14.8 units in the direction of 22.5° to the positive x- avis. 4, 9.54 units in the direction direction of 63° to the positive x- 5, 196 cm in the direction of 345° to the positive x-axis. 6. (a) 185 .Ninthe direction of 77.8° to the positive x- axis. (b) 185 N in the direction of 258° to the positive x- axis 1.15 cas 10. 11 12 2B. a 11-11a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.1.2 PEED, VELOCITY & ACCELERATION 12.1 Speed, velocity & acceleration 1.2.2 Graphical analysis of motion 1.2.3 Freefall 1.2.4" Effect of airresistance Learning Quteomes Candidates should be able to Core + Define speed and calculate speed from total time / total distance + Plot and interpret a speed / time graph ora distance /time graph + Recognise from the shape ofa speed /time graph when a body is ~ ateest = moving with constant speed ~ moving with changing speed + Calculate the area under a speed / time graph to work out the distance travelled for motion with constant acceleration + Demonstrate some understanding that acceleration is related to changing speed Supplement + Distinguish between speed and velocity + Recognise linear motion for which the acceleration is constant and calculate the aceeleration + Recognise motion for which the acceleration isnot constant + State thatthe acceleration of ree fal for a body near tothe Earth s constant + Describe qualitatively the motion of bodies faling ina uniform gravitational field with and without air resistance (including reference to terminal velocity) additional topic Asterisks () placed alongside learning outcomes indicate areas ofthe syllabus where its anticipated that teachers might use applications af information technology (MT), as appropriate, It should be appreciated that thelist isnot exhaustivea You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.‘An experiment rocket model of mass 0.05 kg was launched vertically into the air with a propelling force of 4.5 N. The air resistance is, assumed to be negligible. The rocket carries propellant only enough for 1.5 s of flight. The rocket then crashed to the ground after some time. (a) State the weight of the rocket model. (b) Calculate the acceleration of the rocket, which is assumed to be uniform, during the first 1.5 s of flight. (c)_ What was the maximum velocity of the rocket? (4) What was the acceleration of the rocket after 15 s of flight? (e)_ Draw a clearly labeled velocity-time graph for the whole flight of the rocket from its take-off to its crashing to the ground. (f) Below the graph you have drawn in (e), draw the corresponding distance-time graph for the same duration of flight. 4, Tarzan wanted to get a coconut from a coconut tree, As he was too hungry and weak to climb up the tree, he decided to throw a stone at the coconut to knock it down. 22m 180m ‘The coconut was 18.0m above the ground. Tarzan found some stones to use as projectiles to knock the coconut off the tree, His plan was to throw a stone such that it would hit the coconut horizontally because he thought it would be easiest to break the coconut off its stalk using a horizontal force. He threw a stone with an initial velocity of 20 ms” at and angle of 45° to the horizontal. (a) Describe the shape of the trajectory of the stone. (b) ( 12 Given that his hand was 2.2 m above the ground when the stone was released, show that the stone was unable to reach the coconut, regardless of where he stood. He decided to try again. After some thought, he reckoned that he had to throw the stone at a larger angle 8 to the horizontal in order to hit the coconut. (i) Find the value of 9 at which the stone had to be projected so that it would hit the coconut horizontally. Assume that the stone ‘was again projected at 20 ms”. (ii) Find the time taken for the stone to reach its maximum height at this angle of projection. ) Hence, calculate the distance from the coconut tree at which he should stand t throw the stone so that it could hit the coconut. Acar is being driven in foggy conditions where visibility is poor. The maximum retardation of the car is 7.5 ms”, (a) (b) Find the maximum speed the car can travel ifit is to stop in a distance of 30 m. While driving at 22 ms” the driver suddenly sees a stationary car 30 m ahead. It takes the driver 0.40 s to react. (i) Calculate the speed at which the car will hit the stationary car. (ii) During impact, a piece of broken glass was flung forward with a speed of 15 ms" and at an angle of 30°to the horizontal. The values are given with respect toa stationary observer on the ground, Find the time taken and the horizontal distance traveled by the broken glass before it hits the ground, given that it originates from a height of 0.90 m.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.) Determine the speed of the tile just as it leaves the roof. (ii) Determine how long it takes to hit the ground after leaving the roof. (ii) Determine the horizontal distance from the edge of the roof at which the tile lands (c) Car stops at a red light. As the light turns green, it accelerates forward at 2.4 ms*, At the exact same instant, car B passes by traveling at a constant speed of 60 km h''. (i) Determine the time taken for the cars to meet again. (ii) How far down the road will they meet? i) Sketch the displacement-time graph for each car on the same axes, indicating the values you have obtained in (i) and (i). (iv) What was the average speed of car A for this time interval? (v) Compare your answer in (iv) with the speed of car B and explain the result. 12-9 5. [Take upwards as positive for this question and follow initial conditions (t = 0's, yo= Om and vo = 20.0 ms") given) A stone thrown from the roof of a building is given an initial velocity of 20.0 m s* straight upwards. The building is 50.0 m high and the stone just missed the roof on its way down. Determine (a) the time needed for the stone to reach the maximum height. (b) {) the maximum height from the roof top. the time needed for the stone to return to the top of the building, (9) (e) the velocity of the stone at this instant. the velocity and position of the stone from the roof top at t= 5.00. the time needed for the stone to reach the bottom of the building and the velocity just before it hits the ground Sketch the velocity-time graph for the motion of the stone from the start till it hits the ground. (a) a ‘The figure below shows positions of two cars A and B relative to a starting point with time. Postion / km. ee z 7 (a) At what time do A and B have the same speed? Explain your answer (b) At what time does A first pass B? (c) Sketch the corresponding speed-time graph of car A in the first 16 min.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.2. The figure below shows a car of mass 1250 kg. moving along a straight, level road. The engine enables a forward force of S500 N to act on the car. An opposing force, comprising air resistance and frictional forces, of 3000 N also act against the car. Opposing force . Forward force N (a) Calculate the acceleration of the car. (b) As the car goes faster with the same forward force, it undergoes decreasing acceleration. Explain why this happens, 12-13a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.1.3.2 Oe Mielec mile eave MCQs ‘An astronaut lands on a planet where the acceleration of free-fall at its surface is greater than that on Earth. Which one of the following will be the same as on Earth? (A) The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum. (8) The weight of the astronaut as measured by a swinging balance. (C) The easiness in changing the motion of a swinging can of sand. (0) The height reached by the astronaut when he jumps with the same initial velocity. An astronauts boots weigh 100 N on Earth where the acceleration of free-fall is 10 m s®. How much will they weigh on Mars where the acceleration of free fall is 4 m s* (a) 25 (8) 40N (c) 45 (0) 53.3N a ‘Two rubber balls of the same size are both dropped on the Earth and on the Moon. One ball is solid, and one is hollow. The approximate gravitational field strength on the Earth is 10 N kg” and on the Moon is 1.7 Nkgt Which ball has the greatest force acting on it? Type of ball Where it’s dropped {A) hollow ‘on the Earth (8) hollow on the Moon (C) solid on the Earth (0) solid on the Moon13-4 Answer keys: 1.3.1 Mcas 1B 20D 3 4D 1.3.2 cas Lic 28 32 Physics « Dl Questions1.4 DENSITY 1.4.1 Density Learning Outcomes Candidates should be able to: core ‘= Describe an experiment to determine the density of aliquid and ofa regularly shaped solid and make the necessary calculation Supplement ‘© Describe the determination ofthe density of an irregularly shaped solid by the method of displacement, and make the necessary calculation * ~ additional topica You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.6. In an experiment to determine the density of sand, the measurements as shown below are obtained. If the density of water is 1.00 g cm”, what is the density of the sand? emply ater Mass = 508 9 Mass = 608 g sand Mass = 12009 Mass = 1500 9 (A) 2.22 gcm* (8) 2.47gcm* {C) 3.13. gcm? (0) 4.46 gem? Ten identical steel balls were immersed in a measuring cylinder containing 20 cm’ of water. The reading of the water level rose to 50. cm’. If the density of steel is 9.0 g cm”, what is the mass of one ball? (A) 3¢ (C) 45g (8) 276 (0) 2708 a The density of a gold bar is 19.0 g cm”. When 2 hole of volume 1.0 cm’ is drilled into the bar, the density of the gold bar will be (A) 18.0gcm* (8) 19.0gcm* {C) 195gcm? —(D) 20.0gem® 14 9. The results obtained in an experiment to determine the density of a plastic material are illustrated in the figure below. 0.45 9 rater 85cm? 103 em* What is the density of the plastic material? (A) 400 x 107g cm* (8) 25 107gem® () 53 107gem® (0) 4.4% 107 gem? 10. The mass and the corresponding volume of three liquids x, Y and Z are recorded below. x 2726 20cm y 40g 50cm? z 368 30cm? The three liquids, which do not mix, are poured into a beaker as shown in the figure above. Starting from the top, the liquids will be in the order (a) y2x (8) xyz (c) we (0) xzva You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.15 (a) 1.5 (6) 15(¢) 15 (d) 15(e) Learning Outcomes Effects of forces Turning effect Conditions for equilibrium Centre of mass Scalars and vectors Candidates should be able to: 15.0) core Effects of forces 1.5 FORCES State that a force may produce a change in ste and shape of body Plot extension/load graphs and deseribe the associated experimental procedure Describe the ways in which a force may change the motion of a body Find the resultant of two or more forces acting along the same line Supplement 15(b) ore Interpret extension/load graphs State Hooke’s Law and recall and use the expression. Recognise the significance ofthe term ‘limit of proportionality’ for an extension /load graph Recall and use the relation between force, mass and acceleration (including the direction) Describe qualitatively motion ina curved path due to a perpendicular force (F= mv'/r is not required) Turning effect Describe the moment ofa force as a measure ofits turning effect and give everyday examples Describe qualitatively the balancing ofa beam about a pivot ‘Supplement 1510) core Perform and describe an experiment (involving vertical forces) to show that there is no net ‘moment on a body in equilibrium + Apply the idea of opposing moments to simple systems in equilibrium Contre of mass Perform and describe an experiment to determine the position of the centre of mass ofa planea You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.11, A uniform ladder of weight 100 N rests against a smooth wall at 8 and rough ground at A. Ris the normal reaction force of the wall at 8 and F is the total force at the ground at A. The height BC is 8 m and ACis 6 m R . am a Fcammmgy ¢ 6m The value of Fis (a) 375N (8) 500N (c) 1076 (0) 154N a 12. An object of mass 4.9kg is on a horizontal frictionless surface. It is held in equilibrium by three horizontal strings with different tensions as shown below. The diagram is not drawn to scale. 15.0N 13.2N What is the value of the tension, T ? (A) 5.2N (8) 9.8N (c) 10.7N (0) 26N us -5 13. A picture of mass 1.5 kg hangs on the wall freely as shown in the diagram below. What is the minimum angle 9 the cord can suspend without braking if the maximum tension that the cord can takeis20N? (Take gas 10ms*) (a) 22" (6) 41" (c)4s" (0) 68 a 14, Equilibrium exists in a system where three forces are acting concurrently on an object. If the system includes a 4.0N force due north and a 3.0N force due east, the third force must be (A) 5.0N northeast (8) (C) 7.0N northeast 5.0N southwest (D) 7.0N southwest 15. A tractor of mass 1500 kg pulls a trailer of mass 1500 kg. The total resistance to motion has a constant value of 5000 N. One quarter of this resistance acts on the trailer. When they are moving at a constant speed of 10 ms, the force exerted on the tractor by the trailer is, (a) ON (8) 1250N (©) 3750N (0) 4250a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.1s -8 meter. The values obtained are given in the a 0.640 a 0805 2 1.100 16 (i) Plot a graph of tan 8 (y-axis) against F / N (x-axis), Draw the best fit line through your points. (ji) Determine the gradient of your graph. i Use your graph to determine the angle 9 when F = 10N. (ii) Explain with the aid of the figure above, how you would obtain accurate values of tan 9 using a metre-rule, Acar of mass 500 kg is being towed along a straight road so that its velocity changes uniformly from 10 ms" to 20 ms” ina time of 8 seconds. During this time, the frictional resistance is constant and equals to 500 N. (a) Calculate the acceleration of the car. (b) What is the resultant force on the car during the 8 seconds? () What is the force exerted on the car by the towing vehicle? (d) When the speed of 20 mis reached, the towing force is reduced so that the car now moves with constant velocity. “i ‘What is the resultant force on the car now? (ii) What is the towing force? 7. Ametal box, attached toa small parachute, is dropped from a helicopter. (a) (b) () Explain in terms of forces acting, why its velocity increased immediately after being dropped, The total force opposing motion of the box and parachute at a particular instant during its fall is 30 N. The combined mass of the box and the parachute is 5.0 ke. ()) Calculate the resultant downward force on the box and parachute. (Take g= 10m s*) (ii) Briefly describe the motion of the box and parachute at this time. At the end of this fall, the parachute is caught on a tall tree, The box is then cut loose and falls from rest to the ground. The time of fall is 2.4 s. Calculate (i) the velocity with which the box strikes the ground, (ii) the average velocity during its fall, (iil) the distance fallen. (Take g = 10m s*)1s -9 1.5(a).2 Free-body Questions — 1.5(a).2 «aj. a lea 1. Atoy cars given a brief push which sends it along a horizontal section of a runway. The car moves MCQs down the ramp as shown in the figure below. 1. Which of the diagrams below shows a true action- reaction pair of forces? re WS & * R 0.90 m { [ie w v W (a). Draw labeled arrows on the diagram to show w the 3 forces acting on the car at A. @) ® © © (b) The length of the ramp is 0.90 m and the average force of friction is 0.11 N. The car has 0.30 J of kinetic energy at the top of the ramp RioRepetlon front support and loses 0.50 J of potential energy as it moves W- Weight of object from the top to the bottom of the ramp. T- Tension in the string (i) Calculate the work done by the car against friction as it moves down the P-- Force exerted by object onto support earns = (ii) Calculate the kinetic energy of the car at 2. uniform rod of length Land weight W is hinged the Ihottomn of the rel. = to the wall. A force F acts to support the rod in a horizontal position. Which diagram correctly 2, The Teure:below shows a-ship:te-ship cable, ABC; shows the contact force R acting on the rod by the bes used by the navy to transfer people and goods from one ship to another in dangerous conditions ) R @) Initially, the angle of declination of the cable from . Fr RS | each ship is 20"when a 1200 N object is suspended \ \ at the mid-point. RY \ Zz \* \ \ Sw w © 0) , o rey © : nV \ N N wy vON oe \ \ (a) B itable scale d th 4 vd a). By using a suitable scale drawing or otherwise, S Ww S w find the forces present in the cables AB and BC. (0) In very stormy weather, the sailors are always worried when they see the cable becoming a horizontal because they know from experience that this can cause the cable to break. Such a broken cable often whips incredibly fast back to the decks of the ships causing severe injury or death1s -10 3. Explain why an almost horizontal cable is very ly to break, (c)_ The length of the smooth cable ABC is 60.0 m. A100 kg object which is released at rest, travels from ship X to an identical ship Y. (i) Calculate the weight of the 100 kg object. (ii) Calculate the net work done against the force of gravity of the 100 kg object as it travels from ship X to ship Y. (ii) Find the speed of the 100 kg object as it arrives at the midpoint of the cable. When the head of a bungee jumper, of mass 70 ke, is 25 m from the surface of the water below, her velocity is 16 m s* downwards, The tension in the bungee cord is 1000 N. (Neglect air resistance) {a) Draw the forces acting on the bungee jumper at this instant. {b) What is her acceleration at this instant? {c) fer acceleration remains constant, determine if she will hit the water? {d) In reality, the tension in the cord will keep on increasing as the bungee jumper continues to fall. What effect will this have on the acceleration obtained in (b}? ‘Acrane is made from a uniform rigid boom of length L = 30 m and weight W = 400 N as shown in the figure below. The boom is supported at its lower end bya frictionless hinge on the ground. It Upper end is attached to a support cable which is fastened on the ground behind the boom. Adjusting the length of the support cable adjusts the angle of the boom. Ina particular application, the crane is used to support a crate with weight W = 2.0 kN. The boom makes an angle @ = 45°with the horizontal and the support cable makes an angle 8 = 30° with the horizontal. (a) State the condition(s) for a body to be in static equilibrium. (b) Draw a free body diagram for the boom, showing all the forces acting on it. Label each force clearly. (c) Determine the tension in the support cable. (d)_ Determine the magnitude of the force acting by the hinge on the boom. (e) As mentioned, the support cable can lengthen or shorten to change the angle of the boom. Comment on the problem encountered when the boom is slowly lowered to become horizontal.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.Answer keys: 1.5(a).1 micas 10. 1 12. 3, 14. 15. 16. v7. >@Pe>r>ennenoe>o >> Questions 1 2 0.06 m s* (a) 16500N (b) 16500 N () 8675 1400 N (ail) 22.6 45° clockwise from vertical thread {aNtii) 22.6N 135° anticlockwise from vertical thread (a) 1.25ms* (b) 625 (9) 1125 (d)() ON (ay) 500 N 7. (by) 20N (i) 24ms* (ci(i) 122ms* (oii) 28.8 m 1,5(a).2 cas 1 oo 2 0 Questions 1. (alli) 9.9107) (alii) 0.705 2. (afi) 1000N (citi) 04 (c)(ii) 14.3 ms? 3. (b) 4.48ms? upwards (c)_ she will hit the Water 4. (@ 6011N (d) 7.5 kN 1.5(a).3 cas 1 eB 2A Questions 1. (oi) 4.0N (oli) 0.64 2. (a) 20N (bo) att=205, v=20ms* (4d) 350m 1s -13a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.10. The diagram shows a uniform metre rule pivoted off-centre but kept at equilibrium by a suspended mass of 240 g. 05 20 50 100 om ct wt 2409 If the mass of the rule acts at the 50 cm mark, what. is the mass of the rule? (A) 128 (8) 248 (C) 968 (0) 1208 a 11. A heavy uniform plank of length Lis supported by ‘two forces F, and F, at points distance and L/4 from its ends as shown in the diagram below. What is the ratio of F, to F:? . ft : <5; wat — plank Fi Fr (a) 2:5 (8) 3:5 () 2:3 (0) 3:2 12. The diagram shows a uniform metal bar of length 4 mand mass 50 kg. A man pulls straight up with a force F at one end Q of the bar so that it pivots about the end P, P a Y When the end Q just comes off the ground, what is the value of the force F? (A) 25 (8) 125N (Cc) 250N (0) S00N 1s -17a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.11. (a) Explain what is meant by the moment of a force, and show how it is calculated. (b) Describe a simple experiment to verify the principle of moments, making clear what you would measure and how you would use your results to verify the principle. 1s -21 15(0) MCQs 1. The figure represents a uniform lamina with 2 shaded portions cut out. The center of gravity of the remaining portion is y tat| 2nd x sd | tn (A) in the 1” quadrant. (8) inthe 2" quadrant. {C) in the 4” quadrant. (0) outside the lamina 2. The diagram shows the first step in an experiment to determine the position of the centre of mass of athin card card Thin string What is the next step in this experiment? (A) Find the mid-point of PQ. (8) Hang the card from point R. (C) Measure the mass of the card. (D) Measure the thickness of the card.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.1s —25 (c)_ What are the properties of plastic and lead which makes them suitable materials for use in a Tumbling Kelly. aa You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.16 -2 * Show an understanding that energy is released by nuclear fusion in the Sun ‘+ Recall and use the equation: efficiency = (useful energy output / energy input) x 100% 1.6(@) Work core ‘+ Relate (without calculation) work done to the magnitude ofa force and the distance moved ‘Supplement ‘+ Describe energy changes in terms of work done © Recall and use AW = Fd= AE 16(4) Power Core ‘+ Relate (without calculation} power to work done and time taken, using appropiate examples Supplement ‘+ Recall and use the equation P = E/t in simple systems ‘Physics = Dri QuestionsMCQs 1. A block slides from rest down a smooth inclined plane as shown in the diagram, PN Which one of the following graphs correctly describes its variation of kinetic energy with time? A) (8) Kinetic energy Kinetic energy iv bE __y time (c) (0) Kinetic energy Kinetic energy LJ. Ls time a 2. Apendulum bob, swinging down swiftly is obstructed by a nail. Neglecting friction, the bob will then swing up to point ww (8) g 3. Aball rolls up a frictionless slope to come to a rest before it rolls down. Which of the following graphs 16 -3 shows the correct kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy of the ball during the up slope motion of the ball? (A) 8) Energy Energy 4 PE PE ke ke distance distance © (©) Energy Energy 4 KE KE PE PE distance distance 4. Aone metre long pendulum bob is pulled aside by an angle of 30°. Its released from rest. What is, the velocity of the bob at its lowest position? yy (8) 116ms* (D) 1.82ms* (A) 1.05 ms" (Cc) 1.64ms* The figure shows @ mass m on an inclined plane connected by an inextensible string over a smooth pulley to a larger mass M. When the mass M falls. through a distance x, the mass m moves upa vertical distance y at a constant speed. The friction between mand the inclined plane is F. What is the energy converted to heat?(A) F (x-y) (c) Max~ may (8) Fy (D) (M-m) gx 6. Amarble is allowed to roll along an undulating plane as shown. Its at rest at R. Neglecting air resistance and assuming the plane is smooth, (a the marble has maximum kinetic energy at s. (ii) the speed of the marble a P is slightly greater than at Q. (ii) the marble will at most roll up to T and return. Which is/ are correct? (A) (i) only {C) (i) and (i) only (8) (ii) only (0) (i) and (ii) only 7. Tworrunners run up two different flights of stairs They reach the top at the same time. The man ‘weights 65 kg while the woman weights 50 kg. B x Which of the statements about the man is correct? (A) He gains more potential energy. (8) He delivers greater power. (C)_ He possesses greater kinetic energy. (D) He runs at the same speed than the 8. A stone of mass 0.40 kg is projected horizontally at a speed of 6.0 ms” from the top of a wall, 5.0 m above the surrounding ground. When it arrives at the ground, its speed is 10 ms”, How much energy has it lost in falling through the air? Assume g = 10 ms® (a) 2.45 (B) 2.84 (c) 7.25 (0) 14.4) 9. Abody X executes vertical undamped simple harmonic oscillations when attached to a spring as shown in the figure. Which one of the following statements is correct? SX (A) The total potential energy of the system is a minimum when X is at the lowest point of its oscillation, (B) The acceleration of X is a maximum when it passes through the centre of oscillation. (C)_ The tension in the spring is a minimum when X passes through its centre of oscillation. (D) The kinetic energy of X is a minimum when itis, at the lowest point ofits oscillation i 10. 4.0.2 ke mass is thrown vertically upwards so that it reaches a height of 3 m above the point of ©!" sn Whaat is its kinetic energy when it is 2 m above the point of projection? (a) 10) (8) 63 (C) 4 (DYa You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.(a) Calculate (the mass of water passing through the turbines each second. (ii) the loss of potential energy per second of the water flowing between the reservoir and the power station turbines. (iii) the efficiency of the power station, (b) The water passes through a pipe of uniform cross-section area. Using physics of fluid, state and explain the change, if any, in the speed of the water just as it enters the power station (c)_ The turbines drive generators that produce alternating current at an r.m.s potential difference of 25 kV which is then stepped up to an r.m.s potential difference of 275 kV by means of a transformer. (i) Calculate the r.m.s. current supplied by the generatos to the transformer when the power output of the generators is 2.0 MW. (ii) The transformer has an efficiency of 95 %. Calculate the output current of the transformer. (ii) State and explain one cause of energy loss in the transformer. (iv) Explain why it is necessary to step up the potential difference? 4, An intelligent elevator can take passengers to the top of a very tall building, The elevator has a build- in weight sensor to measure the force its passengers exert on the floor and a braking mechanism which is activated (after a short period of time) in case the steel cable snaps. Stee! cable Braking ‘mechanism ‘Weight sensor Aman decides to take the elevator from the ground level to the top level of the building. He has a mass of 95 kg, and the elevator together with all its parts have a mass of 1.1 x 10° kg, (a) (b) 16-11 From the ground level, the elevator starts to accelerate at a uniform rate of 2.0 ms”. (i) Determine the speed of the elevator after 30s. (li) State the kinetic energy gained after 3.0 s. ) The engine of the elevator consumes 0.046 kWh of electrical enerey during this 3.0 s. Ifthe engine has an efficiency of 77 %, find the vertical distance covered by the elevator. When the elevator is near the top level, the steel cable snaps. {i) State the reading on the weight sensor immediately after the cable broke. Explain your answer (il) After a few seconds, the braking mechanism is activated and exerts a constant braking force of 2.5 x 10° N on the elevator. 1. Calculate the acceleration of the elevator. 2. State the direction of the acceleration calculated in 1 aa You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.6. A piston of negligible weight encloses air at atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa in a rigid cylinder as shown. The piston is slowly pulled up by 5.0 cm such that the enclosed air stays at the same temperature. vison om 10.0em ‘What will then be the pressure (in kPa) of the enclosed air? (A) 67 (c) 100 (8) 75 (0) 150 @ 7. Airis trapped in a narrow tube sealed at one end, ‘When the atmospheric pressure is 75 cm Hg, the length of the trapped air column is 10 cm as shown. ‘Assume temperature is kept constant throughout, what is the pressure of the trapped air? 150m jp em (8) 85cm Hg Mercury ‘Trapped air (A) 6emHg {C) 90cmHg (0) 100cm Hg. 8. Anair bubble at the bottom of a lake experienced a pressure of 4 atmospheres. When it reaches the surface, where the pressure is 1 atmosphere, it has a volume of 6.0 cm’. Assuming temperature is constant, what is the volume of the air bubble when its at he bottom of the lake? (a) 0.67¢m’ (8) 2.0cm’ (©) 15m? — (D) 24cm? 9. Ina hydraulic press as shown, the small piston of 1100 N is pushed down and this is just sufficient to raise a heavy load in the large piston. Neglecting the weight of the pistons, what is the maximum load that can be lifted? 17-3 io 100 N on x t x Y ‘mall jan ol brates 30, (A) 10N (B) 100N (Cc) 1000N (D) 10000N a 10. The diagram below shows five mercury barometers. For which of these is the external pressure greatest? “ ® © ©) a 11.The pressure produced by a cubic block is P. Find the pressure if length | is doubled. P P mw & e) 2 w @ = (Cc) 2P (D) 4° a 12. Some airs trapped in the space above the mercury ina barometer. Let [be the height of the air column trapped and h be the height of the mercury column. When the glass tube is pressed down into: the mercury bath, which of the following best describes the change of / and h?a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.MCQs 1, Acontainer at room temperature has one mole of hydrogen, with mass 0.002 kg and one mole of oxygen, with mass 0.032 kg. what is the ratio of the pressure of the hydrogen to the oxygen on the container wall? (Assume the gases are ideal gases.) (A) 6:1 (8) 4:1 (asa (0) 1:4 a 2. Oxygen is compressed in the sealed end of a long J-tube by means of a column of mercury open to the atmosphere, as shown. ‘mercury 1.90m om coed If atmospheric pressure is 0.76 m of mercury, what is the ratio of the pressure of the oxygen to that of, the atmosphere? (A) 15:1 (8) 20:1 (c) 25:1 (0) 3.0:2 a 3. The manometer i filled with a liquid of density £880 kg m”. The gas pressure is in excess of atmospheric pressure is (Take g = 10 N kg") Gas supply — 450m (A) 880 Nm? (8) 1760 Nm? (C)_ 2200 Nm? (0) 3960. N m* a 7-7 4. Aballoon filled with helium was released from the bottom of a tall building at sea level. At the bottom of the building, the balloon had a volume of 500 cm’, while at the top, the volume, was found to be 510 cm”. ‘The pressure at sea level is 100 kPa, If the density of air is 1.29 kg m°, what is the height of the building? (A) 126m (c) 152m (8) 132m. {D) 760m A funnel which has a rubber membrane stretched, over its mouth is connected to a manometer and immersed in a tank of liquid The difference, h, in the liquid levels of the manometer could be increased by increasing the (A) density of the liquid in the tank. (8) density of the liquid in the manometer. (C) area of rubber membrane. (0) cross-sectional area of the manometer tubing.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.4, The figure shows a mercury barometer P and another tube Q which has alittle air tapped in it. 1.000 800 600 400 200 (a) What is the pressure of the air in tube Q, in em mercury? {b) The tube Qis then pushed downwards so that the lower end is deeper in the bowl of mercury. How does the length of the air column in the tube change? {c)_ Hence, explain how this will affect the difference in the mercury levels between tube Qand the bowl. a The diagram below shows a manometer containing water. A gas pressure of 102 kPa is supplied through the opening and the water level on the right-hand tube of the manometer is pushed up. The difference in the water levels in both tubes of the manometer is denoted by hy. {Atmospheric pressure is 1.00 x 10° Pa, density of water is 1000 kg m*) Gas pressure > by —, {a) Calculate the height hw. {b) The as is removed and certain amount of oil is poured into the left-hand of the manometer such that the water level on the right-hand tube of the manometer remains the same as in (a). What is the height of this column of oil? (Density of oil is 800 kg m*) ay 11 (c)_ What would be the difference in height between the two liquid levels if the diameter of the right-hand tube were double that of the left-hand tube? 6. Fig 6.1 below represents a simple mercury barometer on a particular day. The scale alongside the barometer is marked in mm. 1.000 ~ 800 600 = 400 200 - 50 Fige1 (a) What is the pressure, inside the tube in Fig 6.1 (i) at point c? (ii) at point B? (b) The mercury levels shown inside the tubes in Fig 6.2 and 6.3 are incorrect. 1.000 800 600 400 200 1.000 Fig63 (i) On Fig 6.2, show the correct level of mercury inside the tube after pouring more mercury into the reservoir until it reaches the level shown by the dotted line in the diagram. On Fig 6.3, show the correct level of mercury inside the tube after tilting the (ii)a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.Answer keys: 17.1 cas peu anne en 10. 11 12. 13. on on on AM eH HOO ew 14. 15. € Questions 1. h=320mm 2. (a){i) 0.250 0.370 0.50 0.625 0.770 (ay) a straight tine with gradient Le pat v (b){i) 1m? (bi) 400 (b){il) temperature remains the same 3. (a)(i) 90Nem? (a)(ii) 90. N cm? {ay{iti) 36000 N (b)(i)_ 100 cm* (4) 0.25 em (c)_ valve A opens valve B closes 4, (a) 658mm (b) 25cm 6. (b\l) 70N em” (b)(i) 70 N cm? (oy) 98. 1.7.2 MCQs 1c 2. 3.8 ac 5A Questions 2 (a) p (a)(ii) U {a)(iti) W= p(h+y)Ag (allivy=A(d+p)p (b) y20, implying that d>p 3. (a) total pressure = 109 + Poem 1.7.3 mcas LA A 8 8 A FP... Questions 1, (a) 2.04% 10"Pa 17-13 (b) Qshorter P remains unchanged (a) same level as K (b) 0.0132 m () 0.0053 m (a) the atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg (b) 1.03 10° Pa (a) 20cm Hg (b) length of air column decreases (a) 020m (b) 0.255 m (¢) 0.051.m (a) 750mm He {a)(il) 400 mm He17-14 Notes: ‘Physics = Dri Questions2 THERMAL PHYSICSa You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.a You have either reached 2 page thts unevalale fer vowing or reached your ievina tit for his book.2a-s Questions — 2.1(a) tie Molecular model Oxygen has a boiling point of -183°C anda melting point of -218°C. Describe briefly how MCQs onygen at 0°C and oxygen at -246°C differ in respect of 1. Ina Brownian motion experiment involving smoke particles in the air, heavy particles settle quickly but very small particles remain suspended for long (b) motion of the molecules. periods of time. This is because (a) spacing of the molecules. (A) air pressure has a greater effect on smaller particles, (8) random molecular bombardment by air molecules keeps the particles suspended. (C)_ the Earth's gravitational field does not act on very small particles. (D) the small smoke particles have the same density as air. 2. Brownian motion shows that (A) air molecules exist and can reflect light from the light source into the microscope. (8) air molecules move about randomly and at high speeds. (C)_ smoke particles behave like air molecules. (D) smoke particle and air molecules move about randomly. g 3. The Fig 3.1 shows smoke particles in a transparent box observed using a microscope. Small points of light are seen to move around as shown in Fig 3.2. a microscope light > Fig3.1 Fig32 What does this experiment demonstrate about air molecules? (A) They are in continuous random motion. (8) They move more quickly when they are heated, 24) imple Kneis molecular model of