Experiment:

Find resistance by using DMM and COLOUR CODE SCHEME?

Objective:
Measurement of resistance

Apparatus:

DMM and Resistances

THEORY
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT:An electric circuit is a path in which electrons
from a voltage or current source flow. The point where those electrons
enter anelectrical circuit is called the "source" of electrons.
Series circuits
A series circuit is a circuit in which resistors are arranged in a chain, so the current has
only one path to take. The current is the same through each resistor. The total resistance
of the circuit is found by simply adding up the resistance values of the individual
resistors:
equivalent resistance of resistors in series : R = R1 + R2 + R3+ ...

A series circuit is shown in the diagram above. The current flows through each resistor
in turn.e.g. If the values of the three resistors are:
With a 10 V battery, by V = I R the total current in the circuit is:
I = V / R = 10 / 20 = 0.5 A. The current through each resistor would be 0.5 A.
Parallel circuits
A parallel circuit is a circuit in which the resistors are arranged with their heads
connected together, and their tails connected together. The current in a parallel circuit
breaks up, with some flowing along each parallel branch and re-combining when the
branches meet again. The voltage across each resistor in parallel is the same.
The total resistance of a set of resistors in parallel is found by adding up the reciprocals

of the resistance values, and then taking the reciprocal of the total:
equivalent resistance of resistors in parallel: 1 / R = 1 / R1+ 1 / R2+ 1 / R3+...
A parallel circuit is shown in the diagram above. In this case the current supplied by the
battery splits up, and the amount going through each resistor depends on the resistance.
e.g. If the values of the three resistors are:

With a 10 V battery, by V = I R the total current in the circuit is: I = V / R = 10 / 2 = 5

A.
The individual currents can also be found using I = V / R. The voltage across each
resistor is 10 V, so:
I1 = 10 / 8 = 1.25 A
I2 = 10 / 8 = 1.25 A
I3=10 / 4 = 2.5 A
Note that the currents add together to 5A, the total current.

FINDING EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE BY DMM(DIGITAL

MULTIMETER)
You simply set the DMM to measure resistance and place the two probes
across the resistance you want to measure, the direction of placement
(which end you connect the red probe and which the black) doesn't matter
for resistance measurements.
Note that you generally need to ensure that the resistance you want to
measure is disconnected from the rest of the circuit. If not you'll
effectively measure the resistance of the rest of the circuit in parallel with
the resistance you are interested in, which will throw off your
measurement.
NOTE:Also note that this will only measure DC resistance and not
impedances of capacitors or inductors.Also note that this will only

measure DC resistance and not impedances of capacitors or inductors.

DMM IS A DIGITAL DEVICE TO MEASURE RESISTANCE ,CURRENT

AND VOLTAGE.IT GAVES US PRECISE VALUE FOR MEASURING
CURRENT AND VOLTAGE ALSO IN MICRO LEVEL.
The resolution of a multimeter is the smallest part of the scale
which can be shown, which is scale dependent. On some digital
multimeters it can be configured, with higher resolution
measurements taking longer to complete. For example, a
multimeter that has a 1 mV resolution on a 10 V scale can show
changes in measurements in 1 mV increments.
Absolute accuracy is the error of the measurement compared to
a perfect measurement. Relative accuracy is the error of the
measurement compared to the device used to calibrate the
multimeter. Most multimeter datasheets provide relative
accuracy. To compute the absolute accuracy from the relative
accuracy of a multimeter add the absolute accuracy of the
device used to calibrate the multimeter to the relative accuracy
of the multimeter.
The resolution of a multimeter is often specified in the number of
decimal digits resolved and displayed. If the most significant digit
cannot take all values from 0 to 9 is often termed a fractional
digit. For example, a multimeter which can read up to 19999
(plus an embedded decimal point) is said to read 4 digits.
CALCULATIONS
%ERROR=(COLOUR CODE VALUE DMM VALUE)/ COLOUR CODE VALUE

OBSERVATION
NO OF
RESISTANCE
RESISTANCE
OBSERVATION MEASURE BY MEASURE BY
S
COLOUR
DIGITAL
CODE
MULTIMETER
METHED
1
560000
58200010

% ERROR

3%

22000

217505

1%

150000

1478005

1%

2200000

221400010

6%

3900

38605

1%

390000

38700010

2%

Result

Digital multimeter gives accurate value of ressistance.