B GIO DC V O TO

B K HOCH V U T

VIN NGHIN CU QUN L KINH T TRUNG NG

NGUYN QUC TUN

QUN L NH NC I VI DCH V LOGISTICS

CNG HI PHNG

LUN N TIN S KINH T

Chuyn ngnh : Qun l kinh t

M s

: 62 34 04 10

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC

1. TS. ng c m
2. TS. Nguyn Mnh Hi

H NI 2015

ii

LI CM N

Tc gi Lun n xin trn trng cm n Lnh o Vin Nghin cu qun l

kinh t Trung ng (CIEM); Lnh o v cn b Trung tm T vn qun l v
o to. Tc gi c bit chn thnh cm n cc Thy hng dn lun tm
huyt, nhit tnh, quan tm tc gi hon thnh Lun n.
Tc gi xin by t li cm n su sc ti UBND thnh ph Hi Phng;
Chnh quyn cc qun, huyn ca thnh ph; cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin
Cng Hi Phng cng nh cc doanh nghip giao nhn kho vn, kinh doanh vn
ti, cng bin chia s nhiu thng tin chn thc.
Tc gi xin cm n S K hoch v u t, S Giao thng Vn ti, S
Khoa hc v Cng ngh, S Thng tin v Truyn thng, Cc Thng k thnh
ph Hi Phng; Cc Hng hi Vit Nam, Cng v Hng hi Hi Phng; cc
Chuyn gia trong lnh vc lin quan ng gp nhng kin xc ng, h tr
nhit tnh ti nghin cu ny.
Tc gi cng xin trn trng cm n n v cng tc Trng cao ng
Cng ng Hi Phng Khoa Qun tr v Du lch to mi iu kin thun
li; ng nghip, bn hu v ngi thn trong gia nh lun ng h, chia s kh
khn, ng vin tc gi trong sut thi gian hc tp, nghin cu hon thnh
Lun n ny.
Xin trn trng cm n bng tt c lng bit n!

iii

LI CAM OAN
Ti xin cam oan y l cng trnh nghin cu c lp ca ti, cc thng
tin, s liu c s dng trong lun n l trung thc v c ngun gc r rng.
Nhng kt qu nghin cu ca lun n ny cha c cng b trong bt c
cng trnh khoa hc no ca tc gi khc.
Tc gi lun n

iv

MC LC
LI CM N .............................................................................................................. ii
LI CAM OAN........................................................................................................ iii
MC LC ................................................................................................................... iv
DANH MC CC CH VIT TT ......................................................................... vi
DANH MC CC BNG........................................................................................ viii
DANH MC CC HNH- S ............................................................................. ix
PHN M U .......................................................................................................... 1
CHNG 1- C S L LUN V KINH NGHIM QUC T V QUN
L NH NC I VI DCH V LOGISTICS CNG BIN .......................... 16
1.1 C s l lun v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin. ................................. 16
1.1.1 Khi qut v dch v logistics cng bin........................................................... 16
1.1.2 Qun l nh nc i vi dch v logistics cng bin ...................................... 22
1.2 Mt s kinh nghim quc t v QLNN i vi dch v logistics ti cng bin .. 37
1.2.1 Tnh hnh pht trin dch v logistics cng bin trong khu vc ........................ 37
1.2.2 Kinh nghim QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin ti Singapore ........... 41
1.2.3 Kinh nghim QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin ca Trung Quc ...... 45
1.2.4 Kinh nghim QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin ca Nht Bn........... 49
1.2.5 Mt s bi hc kinh nghim v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin ..... 51
CHNG 2 - THC TRNG QUN L NH NC I VI DCH V
LOGISTICS CNG HI PHNG ........................................................................ 55
2.1 nh gi thc trng v tim nng v dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ......... 55
2.1.1 Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca cng Hi Phng ................................... 55
2.1.2

H thng hot ng dch v logistics cng Hi phng .............................. 60

2.1.3 Tim nng pht trin dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ................................ 77
2.2 nh gi thc trng v qun l nh nc i vi dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng .................................................................................................................. 83
2.2.1 Cc c quan QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin................................... 83

2.2.2

Thc trng v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ............... 87

2.2.5

nh gi v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ................ 112

CHNG 3 - PHNG HNG V GII PHP I MI QUN L NH

NC I VI DCH V LOGISTICS CNG HI PHNG........................ 125
3.1 Phng hng i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ....125
3.1.1 Quan im i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ........ 125
3.1.2 Mc tiu v nh hng v QLNN cho pht trin dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng ................................................................................................................. 127
3.2 Cc gii php v kin ngh v i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng ................................................................................................................130
3.2.1 Cc gii php i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng .... 130
3.2.2 Mt s kin ngh v i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng. ....................................................................................................................... 144
KT LUN .............................................................................................................. 149
DANH MC CC CNG TRNH CNG B CA TC GI ......................... x
DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................... xi
PH LC .................................................................................................................. xix

vi

DANH MC CC CH VIT TT
T vit tt

Cm t ting Vit

Cng c STCW

Cng c quc t v tiu chun hun luyn, cp chng ch v trc ca

cho thuyn vin 1978 sa i 2010

CHP

cng Hi Phng

CVHHHP

Cng v hng hi Hi Phng

DN

Doanh nghip

DV

Dch v

HND

Hi ng nhn dn

KCN

Khu cng nghip

NXB

Nh xut bn

QLNN

Qun l nh nc

TP Hi Phng

Thnh ph Hi Phng

XHCN

X hi ch ngha

XNK

Xut nhp khu

XNXD

X nghip xp d

T vit tt

Cm t ting Anh

Cm t ting Vit

1PL

First Party Logistics

Logistics bn th nht (logistics t

cung cp)

2PL

Second-party logisticsprovider

Logistics bn th hai (logistics qua

i tc)

3PL

A third-party logistics provider

Logistics bn th ba (logistics theo

hp ng)

4PL

A fourth-party logisticsprovider

Logistics bn th t (logistics chui

phn phi)

APEC

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

T chc hp tc kinh t Chu Thi Bnh Dng

ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian

Nations

Hip hi cc nc ng Nam

CIF

Cost, Insurance and Freight

Gi thnh, Bo him v Cc

CSCMP

The Council of Supply Chain

Management Professionals

Hi ng Qun tr chui cung ng

Chuyn gia

DWT

Deadweight tonnage

L n v o nng lc vn ti an
ton ca tu tnh bng tn.

FDI

Foreign Direct Investment

u t trc tip nc ngoi

FIATA

International Federation of Freight

Hip hi Giao nhn kho vn Quc t

vii

Forwarders Associations
FOB

Free On Board

Min trch nhim Trn Boong tu

ni i cn gi l " Giao ln tu

GDP

Gross domestic product

Tng sn phm quc ni

GVC

Global Value Chain

Chui gi tr ton cu

ICD

Inland Container Depot

im tp kt hng cng-ten-n

IIP

Index-Industry Products

Ch s sn xut cng nghip

IMO

International Maritime Organization

T chc hng hi quc t

LPI

Logistics performance index

Ch s nng lc quc gia v

logistics

MTO

Multimodal Transport Operator

Vn ti a phng thc

ODA

Official Development Assistance

H tr pht trin chnh thc

PPP

Public Private Partnerships

M hnh hp tc cng t

SLA

Singapore Logistics Association

Hip hi Logistics Singapore

TEU

Twenty-foot equivalent units

n v tng ng 20 foot

TIR

Transport International Routier

Cng c vn ti ng b quc t

UNCTAD/
ICC

UNCTAD/ICCRulesfor Multimodal
Transport Documents

Chng t vn ti a phng thc

UNESCO

United Nations Educational

Scientific and Cultural Organization

T chc Gio dc, Khoa hc v Vn

ho ca Lin Hp Quc

VCCI

Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and

Industry

Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip

Vit Nam

VIFFAS

Vietnam Freight Forwarders

Association

Hip hi Giao nhn Kho vn Vit

Nam

VLA

Vietnam Logistics Business

Association

Hip hi Doanh nghip Dch v

Logistics Vit Nam

VNPT

Vietnam Posts and

Telecommunications Group

Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng

Vit Nam.

VPA

Vietnam seaports association

Hip hi cng bin Vit Nam

VSIP

Vietnam Singapore industrial park

Khu Cng Nghip Vit Nam

Singapore

WB

World bank

Ngn hng th gii

WTO

World Trade Organization

T chc Thng mi Th gii

viii

DANH MC CC BNG
Danh mc

Trang

Bng 1.1.Ch s hiu qu logistics ca cc quc gia ASEAN

39

Bng 1.2.T l chi ph logistics trn GDP mt s nc nm 2012

40

Bng 1.3. Bng t l cc hot ng logistics Singapore

43

Bng 1.4.Cc yu t nh hng n quyt nh thu dch v logistics

44

Bng 1.5.Th hng cc cng container hng u th gii nm 2012

48

Bng 2.1. Khi lng hng ha vn chuyn ca cng Hi Phng

59

Bng 2.2. Nhng im yu ca h thng c s h tng logistics Hi Phng

62

Bng 2.3. Phng tin thit b hai cng Si Gn v Hi Phng

70

Bng 2.4. Gi cc dch v ca mt s cng ty giao nhn cng Hi

Phng
Bng 2.5. Kt qu tng trng GDP Hi Phng giai on 2007-2013

77
80

Bng 2.6. Cc quy nh php lut lin quan n QLNN i vi dch v

logistics cng Hi Phng

89

Bng 2.7. Tnh hnh o to chuyn mn logistics ti Hi Phng

104

Bng 2.8. Mt s vn bn ca TP Hi Phng lin quan n cng tc

QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng

105

ix

DANH MC CC HNH- S
Danh mc

Trang

S 1.1. Chui logistics t sn xut n tiu dng

17

Hnh 1.1. Lin kt gia cc h thng th cp trong h thng logistics

cng
Hnh 1.2. C cu th trng logistics Chu - Thi Bnh Dng

20

Hnh 2.1. V tr cc cng ca cng Hi Phng

56

Hnh 2.2. Thng k hng ha qua cng Hi Phng

58

S 2.1. S QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng

84

38

PHN M U
1. Tnh cp thit ca nghin cu ti lun n
Theo nh ngha ca Lut Thng mi Vit Nam nm 2005 ti Mc 4, iu

233. Dch v logistics l hot ng thng mi, theo thng nhn t chc
thc hin mt hoc nhiu cng vic bao gm nhn hng, vn chuyn, lu kho,
lu bi, lm th tc hi quan, cc th tc giy t khc, t vn khch hng, ng
gi bao b, ghi k m hiu, giao hng hoc cc dch v khc c lin quan n
hng ho theo tho thun vi khch hng hng th lao. [19]
Dch v logistics l mt hot ng dch v tng hp mang tnh dy chuyn,

hiu qu ca qu trnh ny c tm quan trng quyt nh n tnh cnh tranh ca

ngnh cng nghip v thng mi mi quc gia. Nhng nc pht trin nh
Nht v M dch v logistics ng gp khong 10% GDP. i vi nhng nc
km pht trin th t l ny c th hn 30%. S pht trin dch v logistics c
ngha m bo cho vic vn hnh sn xut, kinh doanh cc dch v khc c
m bo v thi gian v cht lng. Dch v logistics pht trin tt s mang li
kh nng tit gim chi ph, nng cao cht lng sn phm dch v. Dch v
logistics Vit Nam chim khong t 15-20% GDP. Theo cng b s liu ca
Tng cc Thng k (GSO) ngy 23/12 cho thy tng sn phm quc ni (GDP)
ca Vit Nam nm 2013 tnh theo gi hin hnh t 3.584.261 t ng, tng
ng 170,4 t USD, Nh vy, chi ph cho dch v logistics chim khong 26 34 t USD. y l mt khon tin rt ln. Nu ch tnh ring khu quan trng
nht trong dch v logistics l vn ti, chim t 40-60% chi ph th cng l
mt th trng dch v khng l. Trong khi kim ngch xut nhp khu nm 2013
t 132,2 t USD th t l kim ngch xut nhp khu so vi GDP ca nc ta
ngy cng tng, nm 2009 l 135,8% n nm 2013 vt qua mc 177,5%
Ngh quyt i hi ng ln th XI a ra chin lc pht v trin kinh
t - x hi 2011-2020. Vi mc tiu tng qut l phn u n nm 2020 nc ta
c bn tr thnh nc cng nghip theo hng hin i; chnh tr - x hi n nh,
dn ch, k cng, ng thun; i sng vt cht v tinh thn ca nhn dn c

nng ln r rt; c lp, ch quyn, thng nht v ton vn lnh th c gi vng;

v th ca Vit Nam trn trng quc t tip tc c nng ln; to tin vng
chc pht trin cao hn trong giai on sau. [8] V kinh t, phn u t tc
tng trng tng sn phm trong nc (GDP) bnh qun 7 8%/nm. GDP nm
2020 theo gi so snh khong 2,2 ln so vi nm 2010; GDP bnh qun u
ngi theo gi thc t t khong 3.000 USD.
Trong i vi vic pht trin ngnh dch v Ngh quyt ch r: Pht trin
mnh cc ngnh dch v, nht l cc dch v c gi tr cao, tim nng ln v c
sc cnh tranh. Tp trung pht trin mt s ngnh dch v c li th, c hm
lng tri thc v cng ngh cao nh du lch, hng hi, hng khng, vin thng,
cng ngh thng tin, y t. Hin i ha v m rng cc dch v c gi tr gia tng
cao nh ti chnh, ngn hng, bo him, chng khon, logistics v cc dch v h
tr kinh doanh khc.
Quyt nh 2190/2009/Q-TTg ca Th Tng Chnh ph ban hnh ngy
24/12/2009 ph duyt Quy hoch pht trin h thng cng bin Vit Nam n
nm 2020, nh hng n 2030 l tn dng ti a li th v a l v iu kin
t nhin pht trin ton din h thng cng bin, t ph i thng vo hin
i, nhanh chng hi nhp vi cc nc tin tin trong khu vc v lnh vc cng
bin nhm gp phn thc hin mc tiu ca Chin lc bin Vit Nam n nm
2020, tng bc a kinh t hng hi tr thnh mi nhn hng u trong 5 lnh
vc kinh t bin, ng thi gp phn cng c an ninh, quc phng ca t nc.
Mt trong nhng gii php t ra l huy ng ti a mi ngun lc trong v
ngoi nc pht trin cng bin. Tng cng xc tin u t, khuyn khch v
to iu kin thun li cho t chc, doanh nghip thuc mi thnh phn kinh t
tham gia u t pht trin cng bin bng cc hnh thc theo quy nh ca php
lut; ch trng p dng hnh thc nh nc - t nhn (PPP) i vi cc cng, khu
bn pht trin mi c quy m ln. p dng c ch cho thu c s h tng i vi
cc bn cng c u t xy dng bng ngun vn ngn sch. Tip tc y
mnh ci cch th tc hnh chnh, to mi trng thng thong trong thu ht u

t pht trin v kinh doanh khai thc cng bin ph hp vi qu trnh hi nhp
v thng l quc t.[24]
Ngh quyt s 32/NQ-TW ngy 05 thng 8 nm 2003 ca B chnh tr v
xy dng v pht trin Thnh ph Hi Phng trong thi k cng nghip ho,
hin i ho t nc khng nh: Hi Phng l Thnh ph Cng lu i,
nm v tr trung tm vng Duyn Hi Bc B, l u mi giao thng quan
trng v ca chnh ra bin ca cc tnh pha Bc, giao lu thun li vi cc a
phng trong nc v quc t.
Xc nh r vai tr ca cng bin i vi s nghip pht trin kinh t x hi
ca thnh ph trong nhng nm qua c s quan tm ca ng, Nh nc v
thnh ph Hi Phng - h thng cng bin trn a bn TP Hi Phng khng
ngng pht trin c v s lng v cht lng, phc v c lc cho s nghip
pht trin kinh t x hi ca t nc v thnh ph. S doanh nghip khai thc
cng khng ngng pht trin (trn 40 doanh nghip). Tuy nhin cng Hi Phng
mi ch ch trng ti vic u t vo hai dch v chnh l dch v xp d
container v kho bi cn cc dch v khc cha c quan tm lm cho hot
ng cng Hi Phng vn cn b nh tr. Nhng nh tc ny khng ch b cn
tr bi dch v xp d v kho bi m cn chu nh hng rt ln bi cc dch v
thng quan, dch v i l vn ti hng ho v cc dch v thc hin thay mt
ch hng (bao gm cc hot ng: Kim tra vn n; Dch v mi gii vn ti
hng ho; Gim nh hng ho; Dch v ly mu v xc nh trng lng; Dch
v nhn hng; Dch v chun b chng t vn ti). Tt c cc dch v ny u
nm trong cam kt WTO v dch v logistics v chnh thc m ca hon ton
vo ngy 1/1/2009. Trong QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng tuy
c rt nhiu chnh sch nhm pht trin dch v logistics song mi ch mang
tnh chung nht ch cha c nh hng c th, cha u t mt cch ng b,
Vic no vt duy tu lung lch cha c c k hoch tng th lm nh hng
ln n hiu qu ca dch v logistics cng. Cng tc kim tra gim st cn lng

lo n n s b ca mt s doanh nghip ln nh hng khng nh n s

pht trin dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
Thi gian qua chng ta c nhiu thnh cng ng ghi nhn v QLNN
i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. Tuy bn cnh cng cn tn ti
nhiu hn ch cn tr phn no s pht trin hot ng sn xut kinh doanh
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. Chng ta rt cn nhn din r nhng tn ti
ca QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng, tm ra nhng nguyn
nhn chnh ca tn ti pht huy hiu qu hn QLNN i vi s pht trin
loi hnh dch v ny. t c kt qu nh mong mun i hi phi c s
i mi v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi phng, m thc t vn
cha c quan tm v nghin cu. thay i cn bn v QLNN i vi dch
v logistics cng Hi phng cn phi c s u t, nghin cu mt cch y
v khoa hc. Xut pht t nhng phn tch trn tc gi quyt nh chn nghin
cu ti Qun l nh nc i vi dch v logicstics cng Hi Phng.
2. Tng quan nghin cu ti lun n
2.1 Mc ch nghin cu ti lun n
Mc ch nghin cu ca ti lun n l xut cc gii php nhm i
mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi phng. Thng qua vic h thng
ha, su sc ha c s l lun v tham kho kinh nghim quc t trong QLNN
i vi dch v logistics cng bin, phn tch thc trng v nh gi kt qu
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi phng, lm ni bt cc kt qu t
c, cc hn ch cn khc phc trong qu trnh QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng Hi phng, lun n xut cc gii php v a ra cc kin ngh vi
Chnh ph, UBND thnh ph Hi Phng, Cng v Hng hi Hi Phng nhm i
mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi phng.
2.1 ngha nghin cu ti lun n
T vic nghin cu cc vn l lun v thc tin, nh gi mt cch c
h thng v khoa hc v logistics cng bin, v QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng bin, nghin cu v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi phng

ti lun n c ngha sau:

Mt l, h thng ha cc vn l lun lin quan n QLNN i vi dch
v logistics cng bin.
Hai l, nh gi thc trng QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng. Xc nh cc nguyn nhn, cc vn yu km trong QLNN i vi dch
v logistics cng Hi Phng, xc nh cc yu t tc ng n kt qu QLNN
i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
Ba l, kin ngh vi cc cp QLNN v a ra cc gii php i mi
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
3. Tng quan cc nghin cu lin quan n ti lun n
3.1 Cc cng trnh nghin cu trong nc
* Cc cng trnh nghin cu v logistics:
- Cc sch chuyn kho chnh:
C th ni, cun sch u tin chuyn su v logistics c cng b Vit
Nam l (1) Logistics - Nhng vn c bn, do GS. TS. on Th Hng Vn
ch bin, xut bn nm 2003 (Nh xut bn Lao ng - x hi) [30], trong cun
sch ny, cc tc gi tp trung vo gii thiu nhng vn l lun c bn v
logistics nh khi nim, lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca logistics, phn loi
logistics, kinh nghim pht trin logistics ca mt s quc gia trn th gii... sau
3 nm, tc gi gii thiu tip cun (2) Qun tr logistics (Nh xut bn
Thng k, 2006) [32], cun sch tp trung vo nhng ni dung ca qun tr
logistics nh khi nim qun tr logistics, cc ni dung ca qun tr logistics nh
dch v khch hng, h thng thng tin, qun tr d tr, qun tr vt t, vn ti,
kho bi. C 2 cun sch ch yu tp trung vo cc vn l lun v logistics v
qun tr logistics, cc ni dung thc tin ca logistics l rt hn ch, ch yu
dng mc gii thiu ni dung thc tin tng ng (dch v khch hng, h
thng thng tin, kho bi.) ca mt s doanh nghip Vit Nam.
p ng nhu cu hc tp, nghin cu ca i ng ging vin, hc sinh,
sinh vin v cc nh nghin cu trong v ngoi trng, i hc Thng mi

bin son v gii thiu gio trnh (3) Qun tr logistics kinh doanh do TS.
Nguyn Thng Thi v PGS. TS. An Th Thanh Nhn ch bin (Nh xut bn
Thng k, 2011) [22]. Gio trnh ny dnh chng u tin gii thiu tng
quan v qun tr logistics kinh doanh nh khi nim v phn loi logistics, khi
nim v mc tiu ca qun tr logistics, m hnh qun tr logistics, cc qu trnh
v chc nng logistics c bn. 5 chng cn li i su vo ni dung qun tr
logistics c th nh dch v khch hng, qun tr d tr, qun tr vn chuyn,
qun tr cc hot ng logistics h tr, thc thi v kim sot logistics.
Cc ti liu trn gii thiu nhiu quan im, khi nim v ni dung v
logistics, nhng u la chn gic tip cn nghin cu l gic vi m.
Lin quan n gic tip cn ny cn c cc lun n tin s, lun vn thc s
vit v hot ng logistics ni chung v cc kha cnh ni dung ca logistics ni
ring trong khun kh mt doanh nghip c th.
-

Cc ti, d n trng im:

Trong nhng nm va qua c rt nhiu cng trnh nghin cu khoa hc

cng nghin cu v dch v logistics, in hnh l cc cng trnh sau:
ti nghin cu khoa hc cp b ca B Thng mi (4) Logistics v
kh nng p dng, pht trin logistics trong cc doanh nghip kinh doanh dch
v vn ti giao nhn Vit Nam, do PGS. TS. Nguyn Nh Tin (i hc
Ngoi thng) lm ch nhim v cc cng s thc hin (2004) [23], tp trung
nghin cu kha cnh dch v vn ti, giao nhn hng ho. Cng trnh ny cho
chng ta mt cch nhn tng quan v dch v logistics ni chung v kh nng
pht trin dch vi, giao nhn hng ha Vit nam;
ti NCKH c lp cp Nh nc (5) Pht trin cc dch v logistics
nc ta trong iu kin hi nhp quc t do GS. TS ng nh o (Vin
Nghin cu Kinh t v Pht trin, Trng i hc Kinh t quc dn) ch nhim
c thc hin trong 2 nm (2010, 2011) vi s tham gia ca nhiu nh khoa
hc v tin hnh thu thp s liu thng qua iu tra, phng vn 10 tnh, thnh
ph trong c nc [10], y l mt cng trnh NCKH quy m nht cho n nay

lin quan n logistics Vit Nam. Ch yu tp trung phn tch cc dch v

logistics ch yu ca cc doanh nghip sn xut kinh doanh trn a bn H
Ni... Trong khun kh ti ny, 2 cun sch chuyn kho c xut bn,
cun sch chuyn kho th nht (6)Logistics - Nhng vn l lun v thc
tin Vit Nam [9], tp hp 26 bo co khoa hc ti hi tho ca ti do
ng o cc nh khoa hc, nh nghin cu v nhng ngi hot ng logistics
thc tin Vit Nam tham lun ti hi tho. Kt qu nghin cu ca ti c
gii thiu mt cch y v chi tit trong cun sch chuyn kho th 2 (7):
cun Dch v logistics Vit Nam trong tin trnh hi nhp quc t GS, TS,
NGT. ng nh o TS. Nguyn Minh Sn (ng ch bin) Nh xut bn
Chnh tr Quc Gia [11],
* Cc cng trnh nghin cu v dch v logistics cng bin:
Bi vit (8) Khi nim v m hnh logistics cng bin ca TSKH.
Nguyn Thanh Thy Khoa Kinh t vn ti bin, Trng HHH, ng trn Tp
ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 17 4/2009,[27] cho thy: Cng bin l
cc u mi quan trng trong chui logistics, do vy c vai tr quyt nh trong
vic nng cao hiu qu ca c quy trnh logistics, t thut ng logistics
cng c a vo nghin cu. Mc tiu ca logistics cng l tp trung xy
dng cc khu dch v cng nhm ti u ha quy trnh logistics thng qua vic
nng cao tnh tng thch ca cng trong chui logistics. Bi vit a ra nh
ngha thut ng logistics cng v gii thiu m hnh logistics cng thng qua
vic cp n cc h thng dch v ca cng bin xem xt tc ng ca cc
h thng dch v ny n quy trnh logistics cng.
Cng trnh nghin cu (9)Pht trin dch v cng bin ti Thnh ph
Nng, Lun vn Thc s, chuyn ngnh Kinh t pht trin, i hc Nng
(2012) ca L Nguyn Cao Ti, Lun vn H thng ha c cc vn l
lun lin quan n vic pht trin dch v cng bin; nh gi, phn tch thc
trng pht trin dch v cng bin ti Nng v xut nhng gii php ch
yu nhm pht trin dch v cng bin trong thi gian ti.[21]

* Cc cng trnh nghin cu v dch v logistics cng Hi Phng:

Bi vit (10) xut xy dng trung tm dch v hu cn cng bin ti
khu vc cng bin Hi Phng ca TS. ng Cng Xng Khoa Kinh t vn
ti bin, Trng HHH, ng trn Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 28
11/2011, [33] bi vit cho bit vic xy dng trung tm dch v hu cn cng
bin (TTDVHCCB) c vai tr ln trong chui vn ti. N ng vai tr thu gom,
phn loi v lm cc th tc cn thit cho hng ho xut nhp khu. V vy, gp
phn lm gim thi gian ng hng v gim ti a cc chi ph lin quan. Nu
ra c vai tr, tc dng v cc chc nng chnh ca Trung tm dch v hu cn
cng bin, cng kinh nghim ca cc quc gia trn th gii. Thng qua vic nh
gi thc trng hot ng ca dch v hu cn cng ti khu vc cng bin c
Hi Phng, bi vit a ra nhng l do cn thit phi xy dng Trung tm
dch v hu cn cng bin ti khu vc cng bin mi ca Hi Phng. Trn c s
khu vc a l, bi vit xut cc phng n xy dng Trung tm dch v hu
cn cng bin, gp phn nng cao nng lc ca khu vc cng bin Hi Phng.
Bi vit (11) Xy dng Hi Phng tr thnh trung tm kinh t mnh lm
u tu li ko kinh t vng pht trin ca PGS.TS an c Hip - PCT
UBND TP Hi Phng, ng trn Cng thng tin in t Thnh ph Hi Phng
23/11/2011, khng nh Hi Phng l thnh ph cng bin, ca chnh ra bin ca
cc tnh pha Bc, cc tng trng vng kinh t trng im Bc B, u mi
giao thng quan trng v ng b, ng st, ng hng khng v ng bin
quan trng ca c nc v quc t, gn kt Hi Phng vi cc tnh, thnh ph
trong c nc v quc t. Li th so snh to cho Hi Phng pht trin kinh t
bin.[70]
Ti Hi ngh chuyn v quy hoch, qun l khai thc cng bin v
logistics do B GTVT t chc ngy 29/9/2012 ti H Ni (12). Cc i biu i
din cho Hi Phng, B Ra - Vng Tu u cho rng pht trin cng bin gn
lin vi logistics l hng i tt yu, nhng cn c s qun l thng nht, ng
b t trung ng n a phng, s phi hp ca nhiu c quan b ngnh, ng

thi phi to ra c c ch chnh sch c th hn th mi t hiu qu cao.

ti Nghin cu xut phng hng v gii php xy dng, pht
trin h thng dch v logistics cng bin phc v cng ca ng quc t Hi
Phng khu Lch Huyn (2013) (13) Ch nhim ti: PGS.TS Nguyn Thanh
Thy a ra c s l lun, thc trng v gii php pht trin h thng
logistics cng Hi Phng khu Lch Huyn
Tm li c rt nhiu cc cng trnh nghin cu v dch v logistics v qun
tr dch v logistics nh cc ti liu (1)(2)(3) lm r c khi nim dch v
logistics v qun tr dch v logistics, ng thi a ra cc phng php nhm
qun tr lnh vc dch v ny mt cch c hiu qu. Cc cng trnh nghin cu t
(4) n (9) tp trung nghin cu v khng nh gi tr ca dch v logistics i
vi s pht trin kinh t Vit Nam, l thuyt ha v phng php, cch thc
qun l dch v logistics, nh gi tng th v hot ng dch v logistics Vit
Nam v a ra mc tiu, chin lc cho dch v logistics Vit Nam. Cc ti liu
t (10) n (13) tp trung nghin cu v dch v logistics cng bin v qun l
dch v logistics cng bin, cc cng trnh ny h thng ha v dch v
logistics cng bin, khng nh vai tr ca dch v logistics cng bin trong nn
kinh t quc dn, ng thi ra phng hng nhm pht trin c hiu qu i
vi dch v logistics cng bin Hi Phng. Song QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng vn cha c cng trnh no nghin cu.
3.2 Cc nghin cu ngoi nc v dch v logistics cng bin
Cc cng trnh nghin cu ngoi nc lin quan n dch v logistics tp
trung nghin cu dch v logistics 3 gic ch yu: (i) gic vi m (mirco
logistics - ti cc c s kinh doanh), (ii) gic trung m (meso logistics logistics ca ngnh/vng) v (iii) gic v m (macro logistics - logistics trong
nn kinh t ca mt quc gia v trong nn kinh t ton cu - logistics quc
gia).Cc cng trnh nghin cu v qun l dch v logistics cng bin c
nghin cu ch yu di gic trung m (meso logistics - logistics ca
ngnh/vng).

10

Cch tip cn ny thng c nghin cu v gii quyt cc kha cnh:

Cc nghin cu v trung tm dch v logistics, l mt khu vc bao gm mi
hot ng lin quan n vn ti, dch v logistics v phn phi hng ha ni a
cng nh quc t, thc hin bi nhiu ch th khc nhau. Cc ch th ny c th
l ngi ch s hu hoc ngi thu s dng cc c s vt cht v trang thit b
ca trung tm dch v logistics nh kho bi, vn phng, khu vc xp/d hng.
Trung tm dch v logistics cn phi c v c trang b cc trang thit b phc
v cho cc hot ng ca trung tm, cn c kt ni vi cc phng thc vn
ti khc nhau nh ng t, ng st, ng bin, ng sng, ng hng
khng. Trung tm dch v logistics thng c t gn cc u mi giao
thng vn ti ln, kt ni nhiu dng hnh phng thc vn ti hng ho khc
nhau cng nh gn cc trung tm kinh t - thng mi ln [16].
Dch v logistics th, thnh ph, vng ,ngnh l mt khi nim mi c
pht trin trong thi gian gn y cp n vic tch hp nhng ngun lc hu
hn hin ti gii quyt nhng kh khn gy ra do vic gia tng dn s v
phng tin i li cc th, dn n ch tc giao thng, hiu qu vn ti thp,
mi trng b xm hi...v do khin nng lc cnh tranh trong kinh doanh
gim. [52] Mt h thng dch v logistics th, vng ngnh c cu thnh bi
4 nhm li ch: (1) cc doanh nghip/ch hng, (2) cc nh vn ti, (3) dn c v
(4) chnh quyn a phng.
Nh vy, t cch tip cn trong mi tng quan vi chui cung ng, nh
ngha ca CSCMP c s dng rt rng ri: Dch v logistics cng bin c th
c hiu l mt phn ca ton b qu trnh qun tr chui cung ng lin quan
n vic lp k hoch, thc hin v kim sot mt cch c hiu qu dng chu
chuyn, lu kho hng ho, dch v v cc thng tin lin quan mt cch hiu qu
t im xut pht n ni tiu dng p ng yu cu ca khch hng thng
qua cng bin.Vic nghin cu dch v logistics i vi cng bin c nghin
cu di gic trung m l ph hp nht.
Vi khi nim trn, logistics trong hot ng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip

11

gi l dch v logistics bao gm nhiu hot ng khc nhau. Ballou (2004) phn
chia nhng b phn cu thnh ca mt h thng dch v logistics in hnh trong
doanh nghip ra thnh 2 nhm hot ng c bn: nhm cc hot ng chnh v
nhm cc hot ng h tr.
Nhm cc hot ng chnh l cc hot ng c tin hnh tt c cc
knh dch v logistics ca mi doanh nghip. Cc hot ng ny bao gm: dch
v khch hng, vn chuyn hng ha, qun tr d tr, x l n hng v cc
dng thng tin n v i.
Nhm cc hot ng h tr bao gm: kho bi v bo qun, mua hng, bao
gi, phi hp vi b phn sn xut xc nh khi lng sn phm cn sn
xut, thi gian sn xut, kt qu sn xut; xc nh lch trnh cung cp cc yu t
u vo cho sn xut v hot ng ca doanh nghip, thu thp, lu tr v x l
cc thng tin, phn tch cc s liu.
Cho n thi im hin nay, c rt t cng trnh nghin cu ca cc tc gi
nc ngoi v dch v logistics Vit Nam. Mt trong nhng nghin cu c
bit n rng ri l Vietnam logistics development, trade facilitation and the
impact on poverty reduction (Pht trin logistics Vit Nam, to thun li cho
thng mi v tc ng n gim ngho) ca Vin Nghin cu Nomura (Nht
Bn) cng b nm 2002 [56], cng trnh nghin cu ny phn tch thc trng
pht trin dch v logistics ca Vit Nam, ch yu tp trung vo kha cnh dch
v logistics v chi ph cho dch v logistics ca sn xut v xut khu mt s mt
hng xut khu ch lc ca Vit Nam.
Nghin cu ca Sullivan (2006) Vietnam transportation and logistics:
opportunities and challenges (Giao thng vn ti v logistics Vit Nam: c hi
v thch thc) [68], nh gi khi qut v thc trng, c hi v thch thc i
vi lnh vc vn ti v dch v logistics Vit Nam. Nghin cu tp trung vo
phn tch cc c hi v thch thc ca Vit Nam i vi cc phng thc vn ti
hng ha nh ng b, ng st, ng khng, ng bin.
Cc nghin cu ca ADB (2007) v hnh lang kinh t Bc Nam ( cp

12

trn) v Ruth Banomyong (2007, 2008 v 2010) v dch v logistics cc

quc gia tiu vng sng Mkng m rng v khu vc ASEAN a ra nhng
nhn xt v nh gi v thc trng pht trin dch v logistics ca cc nc lin
quan trong khu vc nghin cu, trong c Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, cc nh gi
ny ch mang tnh cht khi qut v c t trong mi tng quan vi cc quc
gia trong khu vc. [38][39][40]
Tuy nhin, cc cng trnh nghin cu v bi vit ca cc tc gi nu trn
ch cp n nhng vn chung nht c tnh l lun v vai tr ca QLNN, v
QLNN i vi dch v logistics trong nn kinh t th trng theo nh hng
XHCN. Hoc ch dng li mc nghin cu QLNN i vi dch v logistics
chung nht. Cc cng trnh nghin cu trn lin quan n dch v logistics cng
bin Vit Nam ch yu l cc cng trnh nghin cu gic vi m v trung
m, mang tnh cht khi qut, ch tp trung vo mt kha cnh ni dung ca dch
v logistics, gii thiu nhiu quan im, khi nim v ni dung v dch v
logistics. Cha c cng trnh hay ti no i su vo vic nghin cu mt cch
ton din v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin, t xy dng c s
l lun, a ra nhng gii php c bn nhm nng cao nng lc v hiu qu
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin nhm nng cao hiu qu lnh vc kinh
doanh dch v c nhiu c tnh u vit ny. Hn na, vic lun gii mt cch c
h thng yu t QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin c ngha quan trng
trong vic xy dng v hon thin cc thit ch qun l kinh t dn ch ca Nh
nc trong nn kinh t nhiu thnh phn. y l mt vn kh mi m nc
ta trong iu kin ng v Nh nc ta ch trng pht trin nn kinh t th
trng nh hng XHCN.
4. Mc tiu nghin cu ca ti lun n
*Mc tiu tng qut ca ti lun n
Nhm a ra cc gii php, kin ngh da trn c s khoa hc v thc tin
nhm i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng thc hin

13

hiu qu mc tiu pht trin kinh t ca thnh ph Hi Phng theo quan im

ca ng v Nh nc t ra n nm 2020.
* Mc tiu c th ca nghin cu ti lun n
(i) Lm r c s l lun v kinh nghim quc t v QLNN i vi dch v
logistics ti cng bin.
(ii) Phn tch, nh gi thc trng QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng.
(iii) Tng hp nh hng v mc tiu pht trin dch v logistics i vi cng
Hi Phng. a ra cc gii php, ng thi tham gia mt s kin nhm i
mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
*Cu hi nghin cu
thc hin mc tiu, hon thnh nhng nhim v v em li nhng
ngha thit thc, ti lun n s tr li cc cu hi trng tm nh sau: Th nht,
logistics cng bin l g? M hnh logistics cng bin bao gm cc hot ng
no? Th hai, QLNN i vi dch v logistics ti cng bin gm c nhng ni
dung g? Th ba, nhng tiu ch no nh gi kt qu QLNN i vi dch v
logistics ti cng bin v cc nhn t no tc ng lm nh hng n kt qu
QLNN i vi dch v logistics ti cng bin? Th t, Dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng hin nay ang hot ng nh th no? Hi phng c nhng tim nng
nh th no i vi vic pht trin dch v logistics cng bin? Th nm, cng
tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng t c thnh tu g,
c nhng hn ch g v nguyn nhn ca nhng hn ch ? Th su, cc gii
php i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng? u l nhng
iu kin thc hin thnh cng cc gii php ?
5. i tng v phm vi nghin cu ca lun n
- i tng nghin cu: L dch v logistics ti cng bin v QLNN i vi
dch v logistics ti h thng cng bin trn a bn thnh ph Hi Phng (trong
lun n ny h thng cng bin trn a bn thnh ph Hi Phng c gi tt l
cng Hi Phng).

14

- Phm vi nghin cu: Gii hn trong QLNN i vi dch v logistics ti h

thng cng bin trn a bn thnh ph Hi Phng (cng Hi Phng). Thi gian
nghin cu thc trng trong khong 2000 - 2013. C b sung d liu n nm
2014, phng hng v gii php QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng c xut khung thi gian n nm 2020.
6. Phng php nghin cu
+ Cch tip cn i tng nghin cu ti lun n
- Phng php thu thp s liu th cp: Thu thp nhng ti liu, bo co
ca cc c quan qun l c lin quan nh: Cc Vn kin i hi ng t Kha
VII n Kha XI; nhng ti liu, bo co ca cc c quan qun l nh Chnh
ph, B Giao thng vn ti, B Cng Thng, B Ti Chnh, Cc Hng Hi Vit
Nam, Cng v Hng hi Hi Phng, Cc Thng k thnh ph Hi Phng, Vn
phng UBND thnh ph Hi Phng, cc s liu kho st do World Bank t
2007-2012, cc bo co, cc nghin cu cng b, cc tp ch v s dng cc
ti liu iu tra, kho st, thu thp s liu thng k v phn tch... ca cc ti,
d n, cc cng trnh nghin cu c cng b v vn lin quan, s
dng phn tch, nh gi v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
- Phng php iu tra, phng vn doanh nghip; T nhng s liu thng
qua iu tra thc t ti mt s doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng (Thng qua phiu iu tra ti 50 doanh nghip), vi
vic tp hp, phn tch h thng cc vn bn v QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng bin ni chung v dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ni ring, rt ra c
nhng tn ti cn i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
+ Cc phng php nghin cu ch yu c s dng trong lun n
- Phng php phn tch, so snh, tng hp. Lun n vn dng phng
php lun duy vt bin chng v duy vt lch s, kt hp vic kho st, la chn,
so snh, i chiu, phn tch, nh gi, x l khoa hc v d bo tnh hung.
- Phng php thng k kinh t, kt hp nghin cu nh lng vi nghin
cu nh tnh; Bng phng php l thuyt tp hp cc nghin cu khoa hc nhm

15

l thuyt ha v l lun qun l nh nc i vi dch v logistics cng bin. Tp

hp mt s bin php QLNN i vi dch v logistics hiu qu mt s cng bin
trn th gii, rt ra kinh nghim v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin.
Cn c quan im, mc tiu v nh hng ca cc cp QLNN xut
nhng gii php, kin ngh c tnh cht khoa hc v i mi QLNN i vi dch
v logistics cng Hi Phng.
7. B cc ca ti lun n
Chng 1: C s l lun v kinh nghim quc t v QLNN i vi dch v
logistics ti cng bin. Chng ny nghin cu v logistics cng bin. M hnh
logistics cng bin. QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin (khi nim, chc
nng, ni dung, cng c, phng php, vai tr, cc nhn t tc ng v tiu ch
nh gi). Nghin cu tnh hnh pht trin dch v logistics trong khu vc, kinh
nghim QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin cc nc Singapore, Trung

Quc, Nht Bn t rt ra bi hc kinh nghin cho QLNN i vi dch v

logistics cng Hi Phng.
Chng 2: Thc trng v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng. Chng ny nghin cu v thc trng v tim nng v pht trin dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng. nh gi thc trng, a ra cc nguyn nhn dn n

s yu km trong QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng

Chng 3: Phng hng v gii php i mi QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng. Chng cui ca lun n a ra Quan im, mc
tiu, nh hng v cc gii php QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng. Cng vi cc kin ngh ti cc cp QLNN nhm i mi QLNN i vi
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.

16

CHNG 1- C S L LUN V KINH NGHIM QUC T V

QUN L NH NC I VI DCH V LOGISTICS CNG BIN
1.1 C s l lun v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin.
1.1.1 Khi qut v dch v logistics cng bin
Xu th ca kinh t th gii l ton cu ha vi u im tuyt i lm cho
nn pht trin nng ng v vng chc hn. Ton cu ha khin giao thng ca
cc quc gia, cc khu vc trn th gii pht trin mnh m v ng nhin ko
theo nhng nhu cu mi v vn ti, kho bi, dch v h tr khc. Xu th mi ny
dn n s ny sinh v pht trin tt yu ca dch v logistics, c ghi nhn
nh mt chc nng kinh t ch yu v l mt cng c mang li thnh cng cho
cc doanh nghip c trong khu vc sn xut ln cng nh khu vc dch v, v
hin nay l dch v logistics ton cu trong c dch v logistics cng. Do ,
nghin cu v dch v logistics cng bin l mt vic lm cn thit quan trng
nhm nng cao tnh cnh tranh v hiu qu kinh doanh ca cc cng bin Vit
Nam ni chung v cng Hi Phng ni ring.
1.1.1.1 Khi nim v logistics
Theo Hi ng qun tr logistics ca M (Council of Logistics
Management-CLM) th logistics l quy trnh chui cung ng c nhim v lp
k hoch, t chc thc hin v kim sot qu trnh lu chuyn, d tr hng ho,
dch v v nhng thng tin lin quan t im xut pht u tin n ni tiu th
cui cng sao cho hiu qu v ph hp vi yu cu ca khch hng.[10].
Di gc qun tr chui cung ng th Logistics l qu trnh ti u ha
v v tr, lu tr v chu chuyn cc ti nguyn/ yu t u vo t im xut pht
u tin l nh cung cp, qua nh sn xut, bn bun, bn l n tay ngi tiu
dung cui cng thng qua hang lot cc hot ng kinh t[45]
Theo quan nim ca Lin hp quc: Logistics l hot ng qun l qu
trnh lu chuyn nguyn vt liu qua cc khu lu kho, sn xut ra sn phm
cho ti tay ngi tiu dng theo yu cu ca khch hng.[45]

17

Theo quan im 7 ng (seven rights), Logistics l qu trnh cung cp

ng sn phm n ng khch hng, mt cch ng s lng, ng iu kin,
ng a im, ng thi gian vi chi ph ph hp cho khch hng tiu dng sn
phm.
PGS.TS on Th Hng Vn nh ngha trong ti liu Logistics Nhng vn c bn (NXB Thng k nm 2003): Logistics l qu trnh ti u
ho cc hot ng vn chuyn v d tr hng ho t ni sn xut n ni tiu
th cui cng thng qua hng lot cc hot ng kinh t. Logistics c m t
l cc hot ng (dch v) lin quan n hu cn v vn chuyn, bao gm cc
cng vic lin quan n cung ng, vn ti, theo di sn xut, kho bi, th tc
phn phi, hi quan... Logistics l tp hp cc hot ng ca nhiu ngnh ngh,
cng on trong mt quy trnh hon chnh.[31]
Hoc Logistics l ngh thut v khoa hc gip qun tr v kim sot dng
chy ca hng ha, nng lng, thng tin v nhng ngun lc khc [49]
S 1.1. Chui logistics t sn xut n tiu dng

Ngun Vn ti

Lu
kho

Vn ti

Nh
my

Vn ti

Kho

Vn ti

hng

Tiu
th

cung ng

Qun l cung ng vt t k thut

(inbound logistics)

Phn phi sn phm

(outbound logistics)

Ngun: http://www.vlr.vn/vn/ (Cng thng tin logistics Vit Nam)

C ngha l: Logistics l mt chui cc hot ng lin tc, c quan h

mt thit vi nhau, tc ng qua li ln nhau c thc hin mt cch khoa hc
v c h thng qua cc bc nghin cu, hoch nh, t chc, qun l, thc
hin, kim tra, kim sot v hon thin cc hot ng bao gm cc cng vic
lin quan n cung ng, vn ti, theo di sn xut, kho bi, th tc phn phi,
hi quan.... Do , logistics l qu trnh lin quan ti nhiu hot ng khc nhau

18

trong cng mt t chc, t xy dng chin lc cho n cc hot ng chi tit,

c th thc hin chin lc.
1.1.1.2 Khi nim v phn loi v dch v logistics cng bin
a. Khi nim v dch v logistics cng bin.
Lut Thng mi Vit Nam nm 2005 ti Mc 4, iu 233. Dch v
logistics l hot ng thng mi, theo thng nhn t chc thc hin mt
hoc nhiu cng vic bao gm nhn hng, vn chuyn, lu kho, lu bi, lm th
tc hi quan, cc th tc giy t khc, t vn khch hng, ng gi bao b, ghi
k m hiu, giao hng hoc cc dch v khc c lin quan n hng ho theo
tho thun vi khch hng hng th lao. [19] C ngha l dch v logistics
l hot ng kinh doanh thng mi m ch th kinh doanh thc hin mt chui
cc hot ng lin tc, c quan h mt thit vi nhau, tc ng qua li ln nhau
c thc hin mt cch khoa hc v c h thng qua cc bc nghin cu,
hoch nh, t chc, qun l, thc hin, kim tra, kim sot v hon thin, l qu
trnh lin quan ti nhiu hot ng khc nhau trong cng mt t chc, t xy
dng chin lc cho n cc hot ng chi tit, c th nhm t c mc tiu
tha mn nhu cu ca th trng.
Dch v logistics trong ngnh vn ti xut nhp khu, bao gm mi hot
ng ca thng nhn nhm lp k hoch, t chc thc hin cc dch v kinh
doanh lin quan n vn ti (ng bin, ng b, ng hng khng, ng
thy ni a,), lu kho bi, sp xp, ng gi, bao b hng ha sn sng cho
qu trnh vn ti v phn phi hng i cc ni theo yu cu ca ngi y thc.
Nh vy, khng nn hiu dch v logistics mt cch th s nh l mt khu vn
chuyn v lu tr hoc ch l mt dch v hu cn n thun.
Cng l u mi quan trng trong chui logistics xut nhp khu, cng thc
hin cc hot ng nhm h tr cho chu trnh lun chuyn hng ha xut nhp
khu bao 7 h thng hot ng (c trnh by c th phn 1.1.1.3) n c vai
tr quyt nh trong vic nng cao hiu qu ca c quy trnh dch v logistics, t
thut ng dch v logistics cng c a vo nghin cu. Mc tiu ca

19

dch v logistics cng l tp trung xy dng cc h thng dch v cng nhm ti

u ha quy trnh logistics thng qua vic nng cao tnh tng thch ca cng
trong chui logistics. Bng vic s dng cc gii hn dch v logistics u ra
trn v di, s tham gia ca cc dch v trong cng c th to nn th phn
ng k trong tng chui gi tr gia tng thu c ca chui dch v logistics.
Nu mt cng thnh cng trong vic pht trin h thng dch v logistics, cng
chc chn c c u th cnh tranh so vi cc cng i th khc.[27]
Nh vy, dch v logistics cng l chui cc hot ng thng mi cc
h thng bao gm bc xp, vn chuyn, h tr hnh trnh tu, phc v tu vo
cng, lu kho bi v phc v hng qu cnh trong chui logistics cng bin
nhm p ng i hi ca nhu cu xut nhp khu.
b. Phn loi v dch v logistics cng bin.
Phn loi theo cc nhm doanh nghip vi cc lnh vc nh sau:
+ Cc dch v logistics cng trong lnh vc vn ti: Cc cng ty cung cp
dch v vn ti n phng thc (Cng ty cung cp dch v vn ti ng b,
ng st, hng khng, ng bin). Cc cng ty cung cp dch v vn ti a
phng thc. Cc cng ty cung cp dch v khai thc cng. Cc cng ty mi gii
vn ti
+ Cc dch v logistics cng trong lnh vc phn phi: Cng ty cung cp
dch v kho bi. Cc cng ty cung cp dch v phn phi
+ Cc dch v logistics cng trong lnh vc dch v hng ho: Cc cng ty
mi gii khai thu hi quan. Cc cng ty giao nhn, gom hng l. Cc cng ty
chuyn ngnh hng nguy him. Cc cng ty dch v ng gi vn chuyn
+ Cc dch v logistics cng trong lnh vc cung cp dch v logistics
chuyn ngnh: Cc cng ty cng ngh thng tin. Cc cng ty vin thng. Cc
cng ty cung cp gii php ti chnh, bo him. Cc cng ty cung cp dch v
gio dc v o to
1.1.1.3 M hnh logistics cng bin [27]
c th hiu c r hn v h thng dch v logistics cng bin iu

20

trc tin chng ta phi nm c m hnh logistics cng. Hnh 1.1 m t mi

lin kt gia cc h thng th cp trong quy trnh logistics cng.

Hnh 1.1. Lin kt cc h thng th cp trong h thng logistics cng

Ngun: Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 17 4/2009

C nhiu cch khc nhau khi phn chia h thng logistics cng, nhng
thng thng i vi mt cng bin hin i, h thng logistics cng c chia
thnh 6 h thng th cp vi vai tr, nhim v nh sau: (Xem ph lc 2)
+ H thng h tr hnh trnh tu
Nhim v l cung cp lng thc, thc phm v cc dch v h tr cho tu.
Cc cng ty lin quan n hot ng ca h thng phn ln nhn lnh trc tip
t cng ty vn ti bin hoc qua i l hng hi, trong khi cc cng ty lin quan
gin tip n cng li nhn lnh trc tip t ngi gi hng hoc t i l ca
ngi gi hng. Bao gm cc nhm: (1) Dch v khch hng: Ngi gi hng,
i l hng hi. (2) Dch v cho hot ng ca tu: cng ty vn ti bin, cung
cp thuyn vin, sa cha, dch v y t, cung cp thit b.(3) Cc c quan qun
l: Qun l tu, cnh st bin, ng kim. (4) Dch v h tr: Bo him, kim
dch, cu h
+ H thng phc v tu vo cng
Vai tr ch yu ca h thng phc v tu vo cng l bo m an ton v

21

thun tin cho tu khi tu cp cng. Cc cng ty/t chc cng v, dch v lin
quan n cng tc phc v tu vo cng bao gm dch v thng quan, dch v
hoa tiu, dch v bo m an ton cho tu vo lung, i l tu
+ H thng xp d
Nhim v ca h thng xp d l h tr hot ng xp hng v d hng ca
tu ti cng sao cho nhanh chng v an ton. Cc bn lin quan n hot ng
ca h thng xp d... Phn ln cc bn c lin quan trc tip n cng nhn
lnh trc tip t n v khai thc cng. i khi n v thc hin cng tc xp d
hng nhn lnh t ngi gi hng hoc i l ca ngi gi hng. i cng
nhn xp d li nhn lnh t n v thc hin cng tc xp d.
+ H thng phc v hng qu cnh
Cng vic ca h thng phc v hng qu cnh l bo m lin kt gia
bn xp d v bn kho bi (hoc bn vn ti ni a). Cc bn lin quan n h
thng phc v hng qu cnh... Lung hng s dch chuyn t h thng xp d
n lin kt vn ti b hoc lu kho bi. rt nhiu cng, qu trnh qu cnh
ny khng c tch bit r rng m c th c gp vo h thng xp d hoc
h thng lu kho bi. Nhng i vi cc cng c bi hng nm xa khu vc trung
tm cng, vic xy dng h thng phc v hng qu cnh l cn thit.
+ H thng lu kho bi
Nhim v ca h thng lu kho bi l h tr cho qu trnh lu kho bi. Vi
mi loi hng ha khc nhau, cn c cc qu trnh phc v khc nhau t cc bn
chuyn mn nh phc v kho lu hng nguy him, kho lu hng thc phm, khu
cha bn cho hng lng v khu kho bi a chc nng (bao gm c bi
container). Hng ha sau khi d t tu hoc mang n t ch hng s c
chuyn n b phn kim m kim tra hng ngay ti kho bi. Nu l hng
gom th s c chuyn n kho CFS tho/ng hng vo container. Lung
hng i t h thng phc v hng qu cnh n h thng lin kt vn ti ni a.
+ H thng lin kt vn ti ni a

22

Vai tr ca h thng lin kt vn ti b l h tr cho lin kt gia h thng

kho bi (hoc h thng phc v hng qu cnh) vi h thng vn ti ni a. Cc
bn lin quan n h thng lin kt vn ti ni a. Dng hng dch chuyn t h
thng phc v hng qu cnh hoc h thng xp d n khu vn ti ni a bao
gm: vn ti ng st, vn ti ven bin, vn ti ng thy ni a, vn ti
ng hng khng v ch yu l vn ti ng b. Trong trng hp vn ti
ng ng, sau khi d hng t tu, hng c chuyn trc tip ti ng ng
nn khng cn phi s dng n h thng lin kt vn ti ni a.
Nh vy, thng qua m hnh logistics cng bin ta thy l c mt h
thng s rt nhiu cc hot ng, cng l thch thc v c hi cho dch v
logistics cng bin, vi khi cng vic cc k ln nh vy cc doanh nghip
phi u t nh th no, vo lnh vc g t c hiu qu cao. Cng tc
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng cng l vn quan trng hn trong iu
kin hi nhp v pht trin hin nay.
1.1.2 Qun l nh nc i vi dch v logistics cng bin
1.1.2.1 Khi nim QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin
+ Qun l nh nc v kinh t: QLNN v kinh t l s tc ng c t chc v
bng php quyn ca Nh nc ln nn kinh t quc dn nhm s dng c hiu
qu nht cc ngun lc kinh t trong v ngoi nc, cc c hi c th c, t
c cc mc tiu pht trin kinh t t nc t ra trong iu kin hi nhp v
m rng giao lu quc t.[28 tr 19]
Theo ngha rng, QLNN v kinh t dc thc hin thng qua c ba loi c
quan lp php, hnh php v t php ca Nh nc.
Theo ngha hp, QLNN v kinh t c hiu nh hot ng qun l c tnh
cht Nh nc nhm iu hnh nn kinh t, c thc hin bi c quan hnh
php (Chnh ph).
+ Qun l nh nc i vi dch v logistics cng bin:
Xut pht t khi nim QLNN v kinh t v khi nim dch v logistics
cng bin trn c th xc lp khi nim: QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng

23

bin l s tc ng c t chc v bng php quyn ca Nh nc ln cc hot

ng ca cc t chc trong h thng dch v logistics cng bin nhm s dng
c hiu qu nht cc ngun lc kinh t trong v ngoi nc, cc c hi c th
c, t c cc mc tiu pht trin kinh t ti khu vc cng bin nht nh
nm trong tng th nn kinh t quc gia, trong iu kin hi nhp v m rng
giao lu quc t.
1.1.2.2 Chc nng ca QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin
Qun l nh nc i vi dch v logistics cng bin nhm thc hin cc
chc nng qun l ca nh nc bao gm:
+ nh hng cho s pht trin h thng dch v logistics cng nhm t n
mc ch (mc tiu) nht nh. Cn c vo iu kin kinh t - x hi ca t
nc trong tng thi k. Nh nc nh hng pht trin i vi cc hot ng
ca h thng dch v logistics trong lnh vc cng bin v hng dn cc nh
kinh doanh trong lnh vc ny hot ng theo mc tiu chung ca t nc.
+ Nh nc to lp mi trng cho s pht trin ca dch v logistics trong
lnh vc cng bin l tp hp tt c cc yu t, iu kin to nn khung cnh tn
ti v pht trin ca lnh vc ny. Bao gm cc loi mi trng: Mi trng
kinh t, Mi trng php l, Mi trng chnh tr, Mi trng vn ha x hi,
Mi trng k thut, mi trng dn s, mi trng quc t m bo cho dch
v logistics cng bin pht trin thun li nht.
+ Nh nc s dng quyn nng chi phi ca nh nc ln cc hnh vi ca cc
ch th kinh doanh trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin, ngn chn cc tc
ng tiu cc n qu trnh hot ng ca lnh vc ny, rng buc chng phi
tun th cc quy nh c sn, nhm bo m s pht trin bnh thng ca
nn kinh t theo nh hng ca nh nc.
+ Nh nc xy dng h thng chnh sch php lut trong lnh vc dch v
logistics cng bin ng thi da vo n kim tra, gim st vic thc hin
ng li ch trng, chnh sch v cc k hoch, php lut trong lnh vc ny
bao gm: Cung ng, xp d, vn chuyn, theo di, iu phi lung tu ra vo

24

cng, kho bi, th tc hi quan, phn phi v cc nh cung cp dch v logistics

nhm m bo hiu qu kinh t ln nht, trnh n tc, qu ti, cnh tranh khng
lnh mnh v ph v quy hoch tng th ca mi trng cng.
thc hin cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin c giao
cho hai cp bao gm: Cp B (B Giao thng Vn ti, B Cng Thng, B Ti
chnh) v cp a phng (cc tnh, thnh ph)
1.1.2.3 Ni dung ca QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin l qun l v nh hng cc
hot ng dch v logistics trong h thng cng bin thng qua h thng cc vn
bn php lut nhm thc hin cc ni dung qun l ca nh nc bao gm:
Th nht, ban hnh lut php, v hng dn cc c quan QLNN trin khai
cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin. Trn c s cc lut c
Quc hi thng qua, Chnh ph ban hnh cc ngh nh, quyt nh hng dn
thi hnh lut; B Giao thng Vn ti, B Ti chnh ban hnh cc thng t hng
dn thc hin ngh nh, quyt nh ban hnh cc quy ch trin khai thc hin
tng hnh thc QLNN, quy nh cc iu kin cc doanh nghip dch v
logistics c php m rng thm cc hnh thc kinh doanh; cc cp B, ngnh
ban hnh cc thng t, quyt nh v UBND tnh, thnh ph ban hnh cc quyt
nh nhm phi hp cng cc B hng dn, iu tit hot ng ca cc doanh
nghip trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin ph hp vi c th ca ngnh,
ph hp vi c th kinh t - x hi ca tng a phng; Cng v Hng hi ban
hnh cc vn bn ch o, hng dn cc cc doanh nghip trong lnh vc dch
v logistics cng bin trn a bn c phn cp qun l tng bc m rng
cc hnh thc, loi hnh v phng thc hot ng. Qua ban hnh lut php, v
hng dn thc hin, to khung php l v hng dn chi tit cho cc doanh
nghip trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin hot ng v pht trin.
Th hai, nh hng v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin qua xy
dng v trin khai thc hin chin lc, k hoch: H thng chin lc, quy
hoch, k hoch, chng trnh, d n, n c xy dng v ph duyt, Chnh

25

ph ph duyt quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t-x hi cho tng vng,
ngnh, tng khu vc. Cc B ch qun v cc tnh, thnh ph, UBND tnh, thnh
ph ph duyt n v k hoch pht trin i vi dch v logistics cng bin.
Vic trin khai thc hin cc quy hoch, n v cc chng trnh pht trin
kinh t-x hi l nhng cng c QLNN quan trng, nh hng cc mc tiu, cc
ch tiu, bin php t chc thc hin p ng yu cu pht trin kinh t-x hi; l
c s khoa hc v l c s thc tin nh hng mc tiu, ch tiu ca QLNN
i vi dch v logistics cng bin ph hp yu cu pht trin kinh t-x hi.
Th ba, ch o thc hin v QLNN i vi s pht trin dch v logistics
cng bin ph hp quc tin trnh hi nhp t: Thc hin m ca th trng dch
v logistics cng bin theo l trnh cam kt, tham gia cc iu c quc t, cc
din n khu vc v quc t v dch v logistics cng bin. B Giao thng Vn
ti ch ng pht trin quan h hp tc a phng v song phng trong lnh
vc dch v logistics cng bin, m rng thm cc hnh thc, loi hnh, phng
thc dch v logistics cng bin theo ng l trnh cam kt v m ca nn kinh
t. ng thi, cc tnh, thnh ph ch o cc c quan QLNN thc hin cng tc
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin ph hp tin trnh hi nhp quc t
trong lnh vc logistics cng bin.
Th t, kim tra, thanh tra, gim st qu trnh QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng bin: C quan thanh tra, gim st ca cc cp QLNN thc hin
hot ng kim tra, thanh tra, gim st qu trnh pht trin cc hnh thc, loi
hnh, phng thc dch v logistics cng bin theo phng php thanh tra, gim
st tun th trn c s ri ro i vi tng hnh thc, loi hnh, phng thc dch
v logistics cng bin. Ni dung thanh tra, gim st bao gm: Thanh tra vic
chp hnh cc iu kin c cp php hot ng, tun th cc quy ch ca cc
doanh nghip dch v logistics cng bin; Thu thp, tng hp v x l ti liu,
thng tin, d liu theo yu cu thanh tra, gim st; xem xt, nh gi mc
pht trin dch v logistics cng bin; Kin ngh c quan nh nc c thm
quyn sa i, b sung, hu b hoc ban hnh vn bn quy phm php lut p

26

ng yu cu QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin; Kin ngh, yu cu cc

B, ngnh c bin php hn ch, gim thiu v x l ri ro; Pht hin, ngn chn
v x l theo thm quyn; Kin ngh c quan nh nc c thm quyn x l vi
phm php lut trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin.
Th nm, cung cp thng tin p ng yu cu QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng bin: Cc cp QLNN t chc thng k, d bo v hot ng dch
v logistics cng bin, cng khai thng tin v tnh hnh hot ng, pht trin v
dch v logistics cng bin cng nh hot ng ca cc doanh nghip dch v
logistics cng bin. Cc c quan QLNN t chc h thng thng tin v cung ng
dch v thng tin, chia s thng tin v tnh hnh hot ng, pht trin v dch v
logistics cng bin nhm ngn nga v hn ch ri ro trong lnh vc dch v
logistics cng bin; t chc, gim st vic cung cp thng tin ca cc khch hng
c quan h vi hot ng, pht trin dch v logistics cng bin.
Th su, t chc cng tc nghin cu khoa hc v o to nhn lc: B
Giao thng vn ti t chc, qun l cng tc nghin cu khoa hc thng qua cc
trng, vin,...nh i hc Hng hi Vit Nam, i hc Ngoi thng, i hc
Thng Mi, cc trng i hc, cao ng khc t chc o to hun luyn nng
cao trnh i ng cn b qun l trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin,
o to cc b qun l v nghip v cho lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin.
1.1.2.4 Cng c v phng php ca QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin.
a. Cng c
Cng c ca QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin l tng th nhng
phng tin hu hnh v v hnh m Nh nc s dng tc ng ln mi ch
th kinh doanh trong chui hot ng logistics cng bin nhm mc tiu qun l.
Cng c QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin bao gm:
- Php lut, l h thng cc quy tc x s c tnh cht bt buc chung do
Nh nc t ra, thc thi v bo v, nhm mc tiu bo ton v pht trin x hi
theo cc c trng nh.
- K hoch, l phng n hnh ng, l qu trnh xy dng, qun trit, chp

27

hnh v gim st, kim tra vic thc hin phng n QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng bin.
- Chnh sch, l mt tp hp cc gii php nht nh nhm thc hin t
c cc mc tiu xc nh trong QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin
b. Phng php
Phng php QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin l tng th nhng
cch thc tc ng c ch ch v c th c thc hin cc mc tiu qun l.
Phng php QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin bao gm: Phng php
hnh chnh, phng php kinh t v phng php gio dc.
1.1.2.5 Vai tr ca QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin l mt tt yu trong nn kinh t
th trng hin i, n l kt qu ca ng li i mi kinh t ca nh nc,
ca qu trnh chuyn mn ha v phn cng lao ng su sc. Cng vi s pht
trin mnh m ca nn kinh t th gii theo hng ton cu ha, khu vc ha,
dch v logistics ngy cng ng vai tr ht sc quan trng, cng bin li l u
mi quan trng trong chui cc hot ng dch v logistics nn cng cn phi
quan tm. Vai tr ca QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin c th hin
cc ni dung sau.
Th nht, QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin l th hin r vai tr
ca nh nc trong vic to mi trng v hnh lang cho dch v logistics cng
bin pht trin trong nn kinh t th trng theo nh hng XHCN, h tr cho
lung chu chuyn cc giao dch kinh t trong cc h thng ca cng; m bo s
pht trin n nh, ng hng; nng cao hiu qu hot ng dch v logistics,
gp phn nng cao hiu qu kinh t - x hi ca khu vc v t nc. i vi
nn kinh t quc dn, dch v logistics ng mt vai tr quan trng khng th
thiu trong sn xut, lu thng, phn phi. Nu xem xt gc tng th th
dch v logistics l mi lin kt kinh t xuyn sut gn nh ton b qu trnh sn
xut, lu thng v phn phi hng ho. i vi cng bin cng nh vy mi hot
ng ny u c tc ng rt ln v chim mt khon chi ph nht nh bi l

28

cng bin l ca ng ca chui cc dch v.

Th hai, QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin gip cho vic nh hng
cho s pht trin kinh t x hi i vi khu vc cng bin, l cng c lin kt cc
hot ng trong chui gi tr ton b h thng ca cng bin bao gm cung cp,
dch v, lu thng phn phi, m rng th trng cho cng. QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng tt nhm nh hng ng s pht trin kinh t ca khu vc cng
bin nm trong tng th kinh t x hi ca khu vc. Bng cc cng c, phng tin
lin kt ton b h thng dch v logistics cng v cc lnh vc khc nhau trong
chin lc kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. To ra s hu dng v thi gian v a
im chun mc cho cc hot ng ca doanh nghip, tng cng sc thu ht v
cnh tranh cho khu vc cng bin.
Th ba, QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin tt s to iu kin y
mnh lu thng hng ha, gim chi ph trong kinh doanh quc t, m bo dn
ch, cng bng x hi. Dch v logistics cng c tc dng nh chic cu ni
trong xut nhp khu hng ha gia cc nc trn th trng ng yu cu v
thi gian v tin t ra. QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng tt c tc dng
rt ln trong vic qun l v trin khai, m rng th trng kinh doanh cho cc
doanh nghip, loi b cc chi ph khng cn thit, m bo s cnh tranh lnh
mnh, dn ch v cng bng x hi.
Th t, QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng nhm trc tip qun l, iu
hnh cc doanh nghip kinh doanh trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng, gp phn
gim thiu chi ph trong qu trnh xut nhp khu, tng cng sc cnh tranh cho
cc doanh nghip, to tin thc y cc doanh nghip khc cng pht trin. Dch
v logistics cng l mt chui cc hot ng lin tc, c lin h mt thit vi nhau,
tc ng qua li ln nhau. Chi ph cho dch v logistics cng gm c chi ph vn ti,
xp d, ng gi, h tr v phc v tu, lu kho, d tr, kim k, hnh chnh v
qun l. Vic kim sot tt c cc chi ph ny trong chui dch v logistics cng i
hi phi c s can thip m nh nc gi vai tr rt quan trng, v gim chi ph ny
ngha l: gim chi ph u vo ca cc hng ha, dch v v gim nhng ri ro trong

29

hot ng kinh t gia cc quc gia; gip cc cng ty ginh c u th, m bo

cng bng trong cnh tranh, dn n tng trng thng mi quc gia; thc y
tnh hiu qu trong sn xut, phn phi; gim s cch bit gia gi tiu dng v sn
xut; khuyn khch s phn phi lao ng hiu qu, thc hin c cc mc tiu
ny i hi phi c nhng chnh sch thch hp, c nhng nh hng r rng, to
mi trng thun li v s kim tra gim st cht ch ca cc c quan QLNN.
1.1.2.6 Cc nhn t tc ng n QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin
Tc ng n qun l nh nc i vi dch v logistics cng bin l nhng
yu t nh hng n nh hng pht trin, m bo dn ch, cng bng x hi
trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng, trong c cc nhn t ch yu sau
+ Mc m ca ca nn kinh t trong hi nhp
Mc m ca ca nn kinh t thng c o bng ch s gia tng gi
tr ngoi thng (bao gm gi tr xut khu v gi tr nhp khu) so vi tng
GDP c nc. Mc m ca ca nn kinh t l mt trong nhng tiu ch hng
u nh gi nng lc cnh tranh ca mt quc gia. Mc m ca ca nn
kinh t c th hin chnh sch thu quan, cc hng ro phi thu quan, chnh
sch t giMt quc gia c mc m ca nn kinh t cao c ngha l nc
c gi tr hng ha v dch v xut nhp khu ln, c chnh sch i ngoi m
ca, thng thong, chnh sch thu xut nhp khu hp l, hn ch cc bin php
phi thu bo h sn xut trong nc. Mt khc, cc nc c mc m ca
kinh t ln s dn n kh nng thu ht u t nhiu hn. Vi mc m ca nn
kinh t ln, ngoi vic tng nhanh kim ngch xut nhp khu, nhng nm qua,
Vit Nam cn c mc gia tng FDI ln trong khu vc ng Nam v trn th
gii. i hi cc c quan QLNN phi c cc chnh sch ng, mc u t
FDI tng lm tng kim ngch xut nhp khu, tng khi lng hng ha thng
qua cc cng bin to iu kin thun li pht trin dch v logistics cng.
Dch v logistics cng bin l mt hot ng kinh t quan trng. Do
hot ng ny chu nh hng trc tip ca cc chnh sch xut nhp khu.
Nhng thay i trong hot ng xut nhp khu lm thay i cn bn dch v

30

logistics, n lt mnh, nhng thnh cng ca dich v logistics thc y hot

ng xut nhp khu pht trin. Chnh v th nh hng khng nh n QLNN
i vi dch v logistics cng bin
+ Th ch, chnh sch v mi trng kinh doanh
Th ch, chnh sch l nhng quy nh php l ca cc quc gia nhm iu
chnh hot ng ca mt ngnh, mt lnh vc no ca nn kinh t. y l yu
t cu thnh mi trng kinh doanh v l iu kin ht sc quan trng cho s pht
trin ca ngnh, lnh vc . Cc chnh sch ca Nh nc i vi tng lnh vc
kinh t ni chung v dch v logistics cng bin ni ring l cng c qun l ca
Nh nc cn c quy nh r rng, minh bch, d hiu, d p dng nhm to
cho cc doanh nghip tham gia vo h thng dch v logistics cng bin c
thun li, bnh ng. QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin cng c quan
tm u t hon chnh s gip cho h thng dch v logistics cng bin c c s
pht trin v hon thin.
Trong iu kin hi nhp kinh t quc t, mt quc gia p dng chnh sch
m ca kinh t, khi lng v tr gi hng ha xut nhp khu tng ln, cc yu
cu v dch v logistics cng bin phc v cho vic lu chuyn hng ha u gia
tng c v s lng v cht lng i hi cc c quan QLNN phi xy dng mt
h thng th ch, chnh sch hon chnh v tin tin.
+ S pht trin ca kt cu h tng, cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng
Kt cu h tng bao gm h thng ng x, bn bi, sn bay, bn cng,
mng trc vin thng, h thng cp in, nc... phc v cho vic lu chuyn
hng ha t ni sn xut n ngi tiu th cui cng. Kt cu h tng l iu
kin quan trng cho s pht trin dch v logistics cng, c bit l c s h tng
giao thng. Tuy khng trc tip tc ng ln hng ha, nhng h thng kt cu
h tng ny l khng th thiu c trong qu trnh xut nhp khu hng ha.
Vi vai tr nh l cu ni, h thng ng x, bn bi, h thng trc vin
thng... ng gp ht sc quan trng v nh hng khng nh n s pht trin
ca dch v logistics cng. Nu khi c nhu cu v mt loi hng ha no cn

31

xut nhp khu, mc d c hng ha sn sng nhng vi c s h tng yu

km, thiu phng tin vn chuyn, h thng ng x cht lng km, khng
c cc phng tin thng tin hin i trao i, giao dch th vic xut nhp
khu vn khng t c hiu qu cao. Nh nc quan tm n u t pht trin
mng li giao thng s lm cho qu trnh vn chuyn hng ha thng sut rt
ngn thi gian vn chuyn, gii phng nhanh hng ha xut nhp khu tng hiu
qu, to iu kin thun li cho cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng.
+ Ngun nhn lc cho QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin
Cng nh cc ngnh kinh t, trong iu kin hi nhp, yu t ngun nhn
lc ng vai tr ht sc quan trng cho s pht trin ca h thng dch v
logistics cng, nht l ngun nhn lc cho QLNN. V dch v logistics cng
trong hi nhp kinh t quc t khng ch gii hn trong phm vi mt hoc mt s
quc gia nht nh m phm vi hot ng ca n mang tnh ton cu, cng bin
l ca ng giao lu vi cc nc trn th gii nn cho d cc hng kinh doanh
dch v logistics cng c nng lc ti chnh mnh, c trang thit b hin i, c
h thng thng tin hin i m c h tr bi ngun nhn lc QLNN tt s
nm bt c i hi ca cc doanh nghip, tham mu kp thi vi cc cp qun
l a ra h thng chnh sch, php lut thun li gip doanh nghip pht
trin, to cho cc doanh nghip c th t hiu qu kinh doanh cao.
Yu cu i vi i ng cn b trong b my QLNN i vi lnh vc kinh
doanh dch v logistics cng phi tinh thng nghip v, gii ngoi ng, c kh
nng v kinh nghim ng x vi nhng bin ng ca kinh t th trng, c
o to cc kin thc qun l nh nc v kinh t, v chuyn ngnh, v tin hc
h c th lp cc bo co theo yu cu, cp nht thng tin v cc hot ng
dch v logistics cng tham mu ng hng cho cc cp qun l, vch ra
chin lc c th v xc nh ng, kp thi mc tiu cho tng lai nhm to
iu kin tt nht cho pht trin dch v logistics cng. V vy cc c quan
QLNN qun l tt qu trnh o to, s dng v pht trin ngun nhn lc cho
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng s gp phn tng cng nng lc cng tc

32

QLNN, to tin tng hiu qu hot ng ca dch v logistics cng theo kp

tin pht trin ca th gii trong thi i mi.
Kinh t th trng pht trin, khi lng v gi tr hng ha trao i trn th
trng gia cc quc gia, cc nn kinh t tng nhanh chng. Cc dch v logistics
cng phc v cho qu trnh vn chuyn hng ha xut nhp khu cng ngy cng
pht trin. Cc cng ty, doanh nghip, tp on kinh t... kinh doanh dch v
logistics trong lnh vc cng bin xut hin ngy cng nhiu, t ch ch chuyn
kinh doanh mt loi dch v (dch v vn chuyn hay dch v giao nhn, kho
bi...) nay pht trin thnh cc cng ty, tp on ln kinh doanh tt c cc dch
v phc v cho qu trnh lu chuyn hng ha trong chui dch v cng cng i
hi cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng phi hon thin.
+ Cc loi hnh dch v logistics ngy cng a dng
Ngy nay s pht trin ca cc loi hnh dch v logistics cng bin ngy
cng a dng, pht trin c tc dng gim thiu cc loi chi ph giy t, chng
t trong xut nhp khu quc t (mt giao dch thng mi quc t thng tiu
tn cc loi giy t, chng t m theo nh gi ca Lin hp quc, chi ph v
giy t phc v mi mt giao dch thng mi quc t hng nm vt qu
420 t USD;[28]. S ra i ca dch v vn ti a phng thc do nh kinh
doanh logistics cng m nhn loi b rt nhiu chi ph ny cng nh gim
khi lng cng vic vn phng trong lu thng hng ha, t nng cao hiu
qu xut nhp khu quc t. Thm na, cng vi s pht trin E-Logistics s to
ra cuc cch mng trong dch v vn ti v giao nhn, cht lng dch v
logistics cng ngy cng c nng cao, thu hp hn na mi cn tr v khng
gian v thi gian trong dng lu chuyn hng ha v dch v, lm cho cng tc
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng ngy cng tr nn bc thit v quan trng.
+ Quy m cng bin v cc doanh nghip kinh doanh trong lnh vc dch v
logistics cng ngy cng ln.
i vi bt k khu vc cng bin no u c rt nhiu tim nng pht trin,
nu QLNN ng hng chc chn cng bin s pht trin lm cho quy m

33

ngy cng tng ln c v s v cht lng ko theo h thng dch v logistics v

cc doanh nghip pht trin n nh hng trc tip ti cng tc QLNN
Nh vy, QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng tt s to cho h thng dch
v logistics cng pht trin ng hng, mang li kh nng cnh tranh, gim chi
ph, nng cao cht lng xut nhp khu. H thng chnh sch, php lut to iu
kin thun li cho hot ng dch v logistics cng thnh cng, m bo dn
ch, cng bng x hi. Nhng cng s gy ra khng t kh khn, thm ch tht
bi nu c nhng quyt nh sai lm nh: sai lm trong nh hng pht trin
kinh t x hi, chn sai v tr, sai tim nng, d tr khng ph hp, quy hoch
khng chnh xc, nht qun.
1.1.2.7 Cc tiu ch nh gi v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin.
Cc tiu ch nh gi v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin cho n
nay vn cha c cng trnh chuyn kho no nghin cu mt cch h thng, ton
din. Tuy nhin, xut pht t cc c s l lun v thc tin xy dng php lut
nc ta v vn dng cc tiu ch nh gi QLNN ca Ngn hng pht trin Chu
[35] l cc tiu ch v hiu lc, hiu qu, s cng bng, s bn vng v ph
hp, bc u tc gi c th a ra cc tiu ch nh sau: Tiu ch hiu lc, tiu
ch hiu qu, tiu ch ph hp, tiu ch cng bng v tiu ch bn vng
Th nht, tiu ch hiu lc: Hiu lc QLNN l mt phm tr x hi ch
mc php lut c tun th v mc hin thc quyn lc ch huy v phc
tng trong mi quan h gia ch th qun l vi i tng qun l trong nhng
iu kin lch s nht nh. Do vy, Hiu lc QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng bin ch mc tun th php lut, chp hnh mi ch o t cc c quan
QLNN ca cc t chc hot ng trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin;
ng thi, biu hin mc hin thc quyn lc Nh nc ca cc c quan
QLNN v uy tn ca cc c quan QLNN i vi cc t chc hot ng trong lnh
vc dch v logistics cng bin. Vic nh gi mc hiu lc qua 2 mc :
- nh gi hiu lc QLNN qua mc tun th cc quy nh php lut:
Xem xt mc tun th v i tng i vi quyn v ngha v ca cc doanh

34

nghip dch v logistics v ca cc doanh nghip trong h thng cng bin, cc

quy nh php lut c lin quan n qu trnh pht trin dch v logistics cng
bin. ng thi nh gi vic tun th cc mc quy nh theo cc tiu ch, ch
tiu chnh yu i vi qu trnh iu tit, kim tra, gim st hot ng i vi
dch v logistics cng bin.
- nh gi hiu lc QLNN qua mc hin thc quyn lc Nh nc:
nh gi mc thc hin vic t chc xy dng v trin khai nh hng pht
trin logistics cng bin; mc ban hnh php lut y , ng b, kp thi
to iu kin php l cho pht trin a dng cc loi hnh, t chc hot ng
trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin, cc loi v phng thc cung cp dch
v logistics; mc iu tit, can thip ca Nh nc trong qu trnh pht trin
dch v logistics cng bin; mc thc hin kim tra, thanh tra, gim st qu
trnh hot ng ca cc t chc trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin.
Th hai, tiu ch hiu qu: Hiu qu l ch tiu phn nh trnh khai thc
cc yu t u vo to ra kt qu hot ng ti a vi chi ph hot ng ti
thiu, hoc l ch tiu phn nh nng sut hot ng, hiu sut s dng cc chi
ph u vo. Do vy, c th hiu hiu qu QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng
bin phn nh kt qu hot ng QLNN vi mc ti a v chi ph QLNN mc
ti thiu. Hiu qu QLNN c nh gi bng mc t c ca ni dung
QLNN so vi cc mc tiu QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin t ra.
Kt qu ca hot ng nh hng, ban hnh php lut, iu tit v kim
tra, thanh tra, gim st ca Nh nc so vi cc mc tiu QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng bin. Hot ng nh hng c hiu qu khi ra cc gii php
i vi dch v logistics cng bin m bo an ton, hiu qu kinh doanh ca cc
t chc hot ng trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin v to c hi cho
mi t chc, c nhn tip cn vi tt c cc dch v logistics cng bin. Trong
cng tc xy dng, ban hnh cc quy nh php lut, to khung php l n nh
lu di, t iu chnh, b sung, m bo cng khai, minh bch thng tin php lut
i vi dch v logistics cng bin, thc hin tt cc quy nh trong qu trnh

35

trin khai cc hot ng i vi dch v logistics cng bin, gp phn gia tng
hiu qu QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin. Hot ng iu hnh ca
Nh nc to thun li cho cc t chc trong h thng dch v logistics cng
bin pht trin lu di.
Th ba, tiu ch ph hp: Tiu ch ph hp trong QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng bin bao gm: S ph hp ca cc mc tiu nh hng; cc quy
nh ca php lut c ni dung bn trong ph hp nhau, ph hp trong quy nh
php lut gia cc mi quan h ca cc t chc QLNN vi cc t chc hot ng
trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin, s ph hp gia lut vi cc vn bn
hng dn thc hin ca cc t chc QLNN vi cc doanh nghip dch v
logistics cng bin, s ph hp gia quy nh i vi tng t chc hot ng
trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin vi cc quy nh php lut khc, s
ph hp gi quy nh vi thc t; ph hp ni dung, phng php iu hnh; s
ph hp v ni dung, phng thc, hnh thc, kim tra, thanh tra, gim st qu
trnh hot ng ca cc t chc trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin.
Th t, tiu ch cng bng: Tiu ch cng bng trong QLNN i vi cc t
chc hot ng trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin i hi s cn i v
quyn v ngha v gia c t chc trong tip cn v pht trin cc hnh thc, loi
v phng thc hot ng trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin. Mi hot
ng ca cc t chc hot ng trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin phi
bo m cng bng, cn xng. Vic m bo cng bng, li ch cho cc t chc
hot ng trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin v li ch chung ca nn
kinh t l yu t quan trng thc y cc t chc hot ng trong lnh vc dch
v logistics cng bin pht trin, th hin qua vic ban hnh cc vn bn php
lut hng dn cc t chc hot ng trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin
khai thc c nhng li, quyn hn v ngha v ca cc t chc, gip cho cc
t chc hot ng trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin hn ch ri ro, phn
tn c ri ro,.. Bn cnh, hng dn cc t chc hot ng trong lnh vc dch
v logistics cng bin phc v cho mc tiu pht trin kinh t-x hi bn vng,

36

phc v cho cc ngnh, lnh vc kinh t, phc v cho nhu cu nng cao cht
lng cuc sng v n nh x hi.
Th nm, tiu ch bn vng: Tiu ch bn vng trong QLNN i vi dch
v logistics cng bin c biu hin qua s n nh v nh hng, n nh v
php l v m bo hi ha li ch cho cc cc t chc hot ng trong lnh vc
dch v logistics cng bin v li ch chung cho pht trin kinh t-x hi. Nh
nc ban hnh php lut lin quan n trin khai tng hnh thc, tng loi hnh
v phng thc hot ng cho cc tt chc phi c c th, r rng, t iu
chnh, b sung, y ni dung cn thit m bo cho cc t chc hot ng
trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin trin khai c d dng, m bo cho
quy trnh thc hin tng hnh thc, tng loi hnh, phng thc hot ng c
n nh lu di, m bo cho vic thc thi php lut ca cc t chc hot ng
trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin.
Cc tiu ch nh gi kt qu QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin l
hiu lc, hiu qu, hp l, cng bng v bn vng u c mi lin h mt thit
v tc ng qua li nhau. C th, khi quy nh php lut v hot ng cho cc t
chc trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin ch c hiu lc thi hnh khi ban
hnh phi ph hp vi ni dung v mc ch ca cc lut ban hnh, nhm a
quy nh php lut i vo thc tin i sng x hi; mc tun th cc quy
nh php lut ca cc t chc hot ng trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng
bin v mc hin thc quyn lc Nh nc, trn c s m bo tiu ch ph
hp trong QLNN vi cc t chc hot ng trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng
bin, gip t c ca ni dung QLNN so vi cc mc tiu QLNN i vi dch
v logistics cng bin t ra theo tiu ch hiu qu v qua p ng c
cc yu cu s n nh v nh hng, v php l v m bo s cng bng, hi
ha li ch cho cc t chc hot ng trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin
v li ch chung cho pht trin kinh t-x hi theo tiu ch bn vng...Tuy vy,
do tc ng bi nhiu yu t, lm cho kt qu QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng bin t c mc nht nh.

37

1.2 Mt s kinh nghim quc t v QLNN i vi dch v logistics ti cng bin

Vic tm hiu, rt kinh nghim t thc t pht trin dch v logistics ti
mt s quc gia s cho thy quy lut, xu hng v nh hng i mi qun l
ca ngnh kinh t ny, t c th c c mt s bi hc kinh nghim hu ch
p dng vo iu kin c th ca nc ta v Hi Phng trong qu trnh pht trin
v hi nhp kinh t quc t.
1.2.1 Tnh hnh pht trin dch v logistics cng bin trong khu vc
Dch v logistics c ngha quan trng trong vic to nn li th cnh
tranh cho cc quc gia m trong dch v logistics cng bin ng vai tr ch
yu trong tng thu nhp ca dch v ny. Theo c tnh, th trng dch v
logistics 3PL ton cu t gi tr khong trn 5.000 t USD/nm. Trong , chi
ph logistics cng thp, th hiu qu tng th ca nn kinh t cng cao. 3 khu vc
c th trng dch v logistics ln nht th gii l Chu u, Bc M v ng .
Khu vc ng ang ni ln l mt trung tm dch v logistics ca th gii vi
logistics cng bin chim 8/10 cng container ln nht th gii tp trung khu
vc ny, trong chim trn top 5 cng hng u. Th phn dch v logistics ca
khu vc ng chim 75% ca ton b th trng dch v logistics Chu Thi Bnh Dng (gm c Australia). Bnh qun tng trng th trng dch v
logistics Chu - Thi Bnh Dng khong 10 - 15%/nm. [75]
Ti cc quc gia pht trin, chi ph cho dch v logistics ch chim t 10 15% GDP/nm, v cc nc ang pht trin, chi ph cho dch v logistics
chim t 25 - 27% GDP/nm. Hin, chi ph dch v logistics ca M khong
7,7% GDP/nm, cc nc khi EU khong 10% GDP. Ti chu , chi ph dch
v logistics ca Singapore vo khong 8% GDP, Nht Bn khong 11% GDP,
Trung Quc khong 18% GDP.
Ti Vit Nam, sau 25 nm xut hin, chi ph dch v logistics hin chim
khong 25% GDP. Nm 2013, tng GDP ca Vit Nam c tnh khong 176 t
USD, th chi ph cho dch v logistics l 44 t USD.
Theo kt qu kho st ca t chc t vn quc t Frost Sullivan, th phn

38

dch v logistics (3PL) ca khu vc ASEAN chim khong 10% ton b th

trng dch v logistics Chu - Thi Bnh Dng.[75]
Cc nn kinh t ASEAN ang c mc tng trng kinh t nhanh (khong
5%-7%/nm) v nng ng. Gi tr giao dch thng mi ca ASEAN t
khong 1.500 t USD/nm. Hi nhp kinh t gia cc quc gia trong khu vc
ASEAN vi nhau v vi th gii cng su th nhu cu giao thng cng ln.
iu to iu kin cho dch v logistics cng bin pht trin, ng thi s i
mi qun l dch v logistics cng bin li c ngha gim thiu chi ph, nng
cao hiu qu kinh doanh, thc y tng trng thng mi, u t v qu trnh
hi nhp.

Hnh 1.2: C cu th trng dch v logistics Chu - Thi Bnh Dng

Ngun: ti Pht trin cc dch v logistics nc ta trong iu kin hi nhp quc t
Trng i hc Kinh t Quc Dn.Trang 68 [10]

Thc y s i mi QLNN dch v logistics trong ni khi ASEAN ang

c cc quc gia trong khu vc cng quan tm. Theo l trnh hi nhp hin ti
phn ln cc nc ASEAN cho php cc doanh nghip trong khi c t do
u t trong cc phn ngnh dch v vn ti hng ha. ASEAN k kt Hip
nh a bin v t do ha hon ton vn ti hng ha hng khng, to c s thit
lp th trng hng khng ASEAN thng nht vo nm 2015. [39]
ASEAN ang khn trng thc thi k hoch chin lc pht trin hi quan

39

v C ch mt ca ASEAN nhm hi ha quy tc qun l thng mi v th

tc hi quan gia cc nc. Theo k hoch, cc nc ASEAN-6 (Brunei,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thi Lan) hon thnh xy dng
c ch hi quan mt ca nm 2010, Vit Nam hon thnh vo nm 2012, 3
nc cn li, gm: Lo, Campuchia, Myanmar c gng hon thin trong thi
gian sm nht. iu ny gip gim thi gian ca cc hot ng trong cc h
thng xp d, phc v hng qu cnh v h tr tu vo cng nng cao hiu qu
hot ng ca cc h thng dch v logistics cng bin.
Bng 1.1: Ch s hiu qu dch v logistics ca cc quc gia ASEAN
Quc gia

Th hng trn

im

th gii

(im ti a l 5.0)

Singapore

4,13

Malaysia

29

3,49

Thi Lan

38

3,18

Philippines

52

3,02

Vit Nam

53

3,00

Indonesia

59

2,94

Campuchia

101

2,56

Lo

109

2,50

Myanmar

129

2,37

ng Timo

149

1,71

Ngun: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy - World Bank 2012

L giao im ca cc tuyn hng hi quc t, khu vc ASEAN c li th rt

ln trong pht trin dch v logistics cng bin. Ngoi tr Lo, cc quc gia
ASEAN u tip gip vi bin v cha ng tim nng pht trin dch v
logistics cng ln. Tuy vy, trnh pht trin dch v logistics cng bin gia
cc quc gia ASEAN hin khng ng u do s chnh lch v trnh pht
trin ca cc nc ASEAN, s khc bit v tiu chun, cng ngh, nng lc
chuyn mn trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin.

40

C th chia ASEAN thnh 3 nhm nc xt theo ch s hiu qu dch v

logistics(LPI)gm: nhm 1 (Singapore) c trnh pht trin dch v logistics
cao nht (ng u th gii); nhm 2 (Malaysia, Thi Lan, Indonesia, Vit
Nam, Philippines) c trnh pht trin dch v logistics mc trung bnh;
nhm 3 (Campuchia, Lo, Myanmar, ng Timo) c trnh pht trin dch v
logistics thp nht. Vit Nam chng ta ng khong gn cui ca nhm 2,
ngha l c trnh pht trin dch v logistics mc trung bnh thp ca khu
vc ASEAN theo dch v logistics cng bin cng c nh gi l tng t.
Cc quc gia c ch s nng lc quc gia v dch v logistics (LPI) ng
u th gii nh Singapore, H Lan, Nht Bn, Thy S, M u l cc trung
tm dch v logistics vn chuyn ton cu, c h thng dch v logistics v cng
pht trin v hiu qu. Singapore th vn ln tr thnh trung tm hin i
ca thng mi quc t, c ch s LPI ng u th gii m dch v logistics
cng bin ng vai tr quyt nh.
Bng 1.2: T l chi ph dch v logistics trn GDP mt s nc nm 2012
Quc gia

T l chi ph Logistics trn GDP (%)

7,7

Singapore

8,0

Nht Bn

11,0

Indonesia

13,0

Malaysia

13,0

Trung Quc

18,0

Vit Nam

20-25

Ngun: www.vla.info.vn (Hip hi giao nhn kho vn Vit Nam - VIFFAS)

Trnh qun l hiu qu ca h thng dch v logistics mi quc gia th

hin chi ph dch v logistics thp, gip gim gi thnh sn phm, nng cao
kh nng cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip. Theo cc chuyn gia quc t, nu
gim 10% chi ph vn chuyn c th lm tng 20% lu lng thng mi v lm
tng 0,5% tng GDP i vi mi quc gia.

41

cc nc pht trin, chi ph dch v logistics chim 8-12% GDP; trong

khi , cc nc ang pht trin chi ph dch v logistics chim khong 1520% GDP, c nc trn 20%, thm ch c nc n 30% GDP.(Bng 1.2)
1.2.2 Kinh nghim QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin ti Singapore
Singapore l mt trong nhng nc i u v qun l v pht trin dch v
logistics trong khu vc ng Nam v trn th gii. Vi li th nm v tr
chin lc trn tuyn ng hng hi quc t ni n Dng vi Thi Bnh
Dng, Singapore pht trin thnh cng trung chuyn ln nht trong khu vc.
Nh , Singapore tr thnh u mi quan trng trong hot ng dch v
logistics trn phm vi ton th gii. Tt c cc vn phng, tr s ca cc cng ty
dch v logistics hng u th gii nh Schenker, Keppel Logistics, APL
Logistics, Mearsk Logistics, Excel Logistics, UPS Logistics u c mt y.
c trng v QLNN dch v logistics ca Singapore chnh l chnh sch cng
m v u t xy dng cc trung tm phn phi vng (logistics centre). [53]
TS. Aloysius - Chuyn gia t vn cao cp v dch v logistics ca
Singapore cho bit, thc hin chin lc pht trin dch v logistics v cng
bin phi hi 3 yu t: Cam kt t Chnh ph v khu vc t nhn; nng lc h
tng phi c cc trung tm v cng bin, ha du, cung ng v cc kho lnh;
ngun nhn lc phi c s kt hp gia Chnh ph v doanh nghip.
Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn quan trng mang n s thnh cng cho lnh
vc dch v logistics ca Singapore l vai tr Chnh ph. Chnh ph Singapore
nhn thc rt r vai tr ca dch v logistics vi s pht trin ca quc o ny,
cng nh nhn thc y th mnh, im yu, c hi v e da i vi h
thng dch v logistics quc gia. T nhn thc , Chnh ph Singapore t mc
tiu pht trin Singapore tr thnh trung tm dch v logistics tch hp hng u
th gii vi nng lc vn ti hng hi, hng khng v ng b vt tri. Trong
ch trng 3 gii php: To mi trng kinh doanh thun li cho vn ti, dch
v logistics nh u i thu cho cc cng ty tu bin quc t; h tr o to
ngun nhn lc cho dch v logistics v pht trin kinh doanh cho cc cng ty

42

Singapore thng qua Qu Hng hi; khuyn khch cc cng ty trong nc lin
doanh vi cc hng nc ngoi thit lp h thng dch v logistics ton cu,
khuyn khch cc cng ty a quc gia, cc nh dch v logistics quc t t tr
s ti nc mnh bn cnh vic u t vo cc cng trnh kt cu h tngcho
dch v logistics quan trng, c quy m ln, hin i Chnh v vy, hin nay
dch v logistics ng gp khong 8% GDP Singapore.
Singapore c trn 30.000 DN trong v ngoi nc hot ng trong lnh vc
dch v logistics, m ch yu h ng vai tr nh l cung cp bn th 3, th 4.
Ngnh dch v logistics cng ng gp hng nm vo GDP khong 8%, s dng
khong 92.000 lao ng. Theo Bng xp hng hiu qu hot ng dch v
logistics nm 2012 (Logistics Performance Index - LPI), Singapore ng v tr
th nht trong s 150 quc gia c kho st, tr thnh trung tm dch v
logistics s mt th gii. (Xem mc lc 5)
im mnh ca Singapore l chui cung ng ng tin cy v hiu qu cao
kt hp vi chi ph rt cnh tranh. Cng bin v cng hng khng ca nc ny
c kt ni hiu qu vi cc cm cng trn th gii.
Chnh ph Singapore sm a ra quyt sch l ng dng cng ngh
thng tin vo trong hu ht cc khu ca dch v logistics nht l dch v
logistics cng bin. Nm 2001, Singapore u t 11,6 t USD cho khun kh
k hoch hnh ng cng ngh thng tin. Vic y mnh ng dng thng tin vo
trong hot ng dch v logistics v pht trin kinh doanh E-Logistics l bc
ngot quan trng i vi nn kinh t ca Singapore, gip cho cc cng ty c th
giao sn phm theo yu cu ca khch hng v cung cp cc dch v gia tng.
Ngoi ra, vic ng dng cng ngh thng tin cn gip tit kim c thi gian,
gim thiu chi ph kim k s sch, giy t, gim thiu tn tht trong qu trnh
lu kho v thi gian lu kho. Hin nay, thi gian khai bo hi quan ca
Singapore l ngn nht trong khu vc Chu , gip gim thiu thi gian hng
ho phi nm ti Singapore ch xp ln tu chuyn ti. iu ny li cng c
ngha i vi hng l. Do , thi gian chuyn ti ca hng l qua Singapore

43

c rt ngn, tin ti gn bng thi gian chuyn ti ca hng nguyn container.

Bng 1.3: Bng t l cc hot ng dch v logistics Singapore
Xp hng

Cc hot ng dch v logistics

T l (%)

Hot ng gom hang

55,6

p ng n hng

40,8

Chn hng vn chuyn

40,8

Thanh ton cc

39,5

m phn cc vn chuyn

26,3

Qun l phng tin vn chuyn

22,4

Qun l sn phm tr li

19,7

H thng thng tin logistics

14,5

Qun l linh kin

11,8

10

Cung cp hng tn kho

10,5

11

X l n hng

9,2

12

Lp rp trong sn xut

6,6

Ngun: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy - World Bank 2012

Nm 2004, Singapore i mi QLNN dch v logistics bng cch ra

chnh sch mt ca nhm n gin ho trong vic tin hnh cc th tc hnh
chnh lin quan ti hot ng xut nhp khu, thng quan v trung chuyn.
Chnh sch ny gip cho hot ng logistics cng bin tit kim c thi gian
v chi ph trong khi hng nm ti cng ch thng quan, nng cao nng lc cnh
tranh vi cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii. Thm vo , vic ng dng
Portnet - mng li cng - gip ngnh dch v logistics ca Singapore qun l
thng tin tt hn, m bo thng tin thng sut hn t cc hng tu, cc nh vn
ti n cc nh giao nhn hng ho v cc c quan chnh ph. Portnet s dng
cng ngh thng tin n gin, ng b ho v thc hin tng tc gia cc
quy trnh phc tp nh vn chuyn v theo di hng. Portnet cng khin cho vic
chuyn giao thng tin hiu qu hn. Theo , cc i tc nc ngoi c th ln
k hoch cho hng Singapore v thng tin sau s lp tc c chuyn ti tt

44

c cc bn lin quan. Chnh ng dng ny gp phn khin cho Singapore tr

thnh cng nhn nhp nht th gii.
S d cc cng ty mong mun thu dch v logistics v h cho rng cc
cng ty cung cp dch v logistics c th gip h gim c chi ph ng thi
nng cao c s hi lng ca khch hng. Bng 1.4 cho thy cc yu t nh
hng n quyt nh thu dch v ca cc cng ty Singapore.
Bng 1.4: Cc yu t nh hng n quyt nh thu dch v logistics
Xp hng

Cc yu t

T l (%)

Gim chi ph

52,6

Nng cao s hi lng ca khch hng

43,3

Tp trung vo lnh vc kinh doanh chnh

36,5

Linh hot

34,2

Ci tin nng sut

31,6

Tinh thn lm vic ca nhn vin

17,1

Tip cn c cng ngh mi v chuyn gia

14,7

Ngun: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy - World Bank 2012

c c thnh cng ngy hm nay, Singapore c nhng i mi hot

ng qun l nh nc rt tch cc, trong , phi k n nhng quyt sch
nhm thu ht cc cng ty logistics cng nh cc nh sn xut, kinh doanh nc
ngoi nh: Chng trnh y mnh logistics - Logistics Enhancement and
Applications Program (LEAP) trn c s hp tc gia chnh ph v doanh
nghip (bao gm cng ty logistics, hip hi cng nghip, vin nghin cu v cc
nh cung cp gii php phn mm); K hoch xy dng nh kho Zero-GST
nhm thc y hot ng kho bi trong chui logistics
Trong s i mi qun l ca ngnh dch v logistics Singapore, khng th
ph nhn vai tr c bit quan trng ca Hip hi logistics Singapore (SLA Singapore Logistics Association). Cng vi nhim v h tr v pht trin hot
ng dch v logistics, SLA cng y mnh chng trnh o to, hun luyn
nhm pht trin i ng lao ng chuyn nghip v hng hu trong lnh vc dch

45

v logistics, v y cng l mt trong nhng mc tiu chnh c ngha quan

trng trong chin lc pht trin dch v logistics Singapore.
Mi y, Singapore a ra chin lc pht trin mi nhm nng cao lnh
vc dch v logistics nh nc. Ban Pht trin Kinh t ca chnh ph Singapore
(EDB) s trin khai sng kin chung vi cc doanh nghip a phng nng
cao vai tr dch v logistics ca nh nc. Chnh ph s ginh 1,1 t -la
Singapore (tng ng vi 815 triu USD) mi nm trong vng 5 nm ti
(2010-2015), di cc hnh thc u i thu, tr cp v o to tng nng sut
cho ngnh dch v logistics. Theo thng bo ca Ngn hng Th gii 2010,
Singapore l mt trong nhng trung tm dch v logistics hng u trn th gii.
S kt ni tuyt vi ca c s h tng v mi trng kinh doanh tt thu ht rt
nhiu doanh nghip hng u v dch v logistics trn th gii n Singapore.
Tm li, tr thnh trung tm dch v logistics hng u trong khu vc cng
nh khng nh c v tr trn th gii nh ngy hm nay, Singapore tn dng
tt v th ca mnh v c nhng chnh sch, chin lc u t i mi qun l dch
v logistics ng n, hiu qu.
1.2.3 Kinh nghim QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin ca Trung Quc
Dch v logistics mi c hnh thnh v pht trin Trung Quc t nhng
nm cui ca Th k XX. D vn cn giai on u ca qu trnh pht trin v
vn cn kh nhiu bt cp, nhng dch v logistics Trung Quc t c
nhng thnh tu ln. Hin nay, tng gi tr th trng dch v logistics ca
Trung Quc vo khong 81,4 t USD chim 40,5% tng gi tr th trng dch
v logistics khu vc Chu - Thi Bnh Dng. Tc lu thng hng ha ca
Trung Quc c s dng dch v logistics nhng nm gn y tng gp hng chc
ln so vi trc y, li nhun t hot ng dch v logistics hng nm Trung
Quc t gn 100 t USD, tc tng trng ca hn 50% doanh nghip t
khong 30% mi nm. [65]
Trong Bng xp hng hiu qu hot ng dch v logistics (Logistics
Performance Index-LPI) ca Ngn hng th gii nm 2012, Trung Quc ng

46

v tr th 26, Hongkong ng th 2 trong tng s 150 quc gia, vng lnh th

c nghin cu.
Hu ht cc cng ty cung cp dch v logistics nht l dch v logistics
cng bin hot ng ti th trng Trung Quc u c tc tng doanh thu cao.
Tuy nhin, phn ln thu nhp t dch v logistics Trung Quc ri vo tay cc
doanh nghip c tr s ti Bc M hoc Chu u hn l cc cng ty dch v
logistics Trung Quc - y l thc trng chung cc nc ang pht trin.
Thnh cng ca ngnh dch v logistics cng bin Trung Quc da trn s
i mi QLNN, Nh nc ban hnh cc vn bn php lut, xy dng chnh
sch, chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin dch v logistics cng bin ng
n, ng b t cp Trung ng n a phng v s quan tm u t hp l
ca doanh nghip i vi loi hnh dch v ny. T thng 12/2005, Chnh ph
Trung Quc cho php c thnh lp cng ty 100% vn nc ngoi, iu ny
to iu kin cho cc cng ty nc ngoi c th thm nhp su vo th trng
dch v logistics cng bin Trung quc. Bn cnh , Trung Quc tp trung
xy dng v pht trin ng b mng li giao thng ng b, ng st,
ng sng, ng bin v ng hng khng kt ni vi h thng cng bin.
ng thi, cng rt ch trng xy dng h thng kho bi v pht trin h thng
thng tin lin lc, p dng cc cng ngh tin tin ca th gii vo lnh vc dch
v logistics ni chung v dch v logistics cng bin ni ring.
Kinh doanh dch v logistics cng bin ti th trng Trung Quc ang pht
trin theo chiu su, p ng mi nhu cu ca dy chuyn chuyn pht nhanh
hng ho. Trung Quc t chc tt thu thp, x l, cung cp thng tin d bo
v nh hng v th trng trong v ngoi nc i vi dch v logistics cng
bin. Mc ch ca dch v logistics l bin cc cng ty kinh doanh dch v kho
vn v vn ti ton cu thnh con mt ca th trng Trung Quc, bin cc
ngnh vn ti Trung Quc thnh nhng mt xch quan trng khng th thiu
trong kinh doanh dch v logistics cng bin. Thm vo , sau khi gia nhp
WTO, Trung Quc cam kt s l trung tm phn phi sn phm cng nghip vn

47

ti v dch v kho vn cho cc cng ty nc ngoi. Cc nh kinh doanh nc

ngoi cng cam kt s s dng cc sn phm ca dch v vn ti v kho vn
c nhp khu t th trng Trung Quc. Nhng dch v logistics ch yu ang
c cung cp ti Trung quc hin nay l cc dch v vn chuyn ng khng
v nht l ng bin, qun l hng vn chuyn, dch v kho vn, ng gi,
chuyn pht nhanh, vn ti v chui cung ng, c bit l dch v qun l cc
nh cung cp. Dch v qun l nh cung cp l mt dch v mi v ha hn tim
nng pht trin rt ln. Cc nh cung cp dich v logistics bn th 3 cung cp
dch v qun l cc nh cung cp, nhm lm tng kh nng kim sot cc cng
ty t hng, gip thit lp mt quy trnh cho vic qun l hng ho trn sut
hnh trnh t kho ca nh sn xut n tay khch hng cui cng v cng gp
phn vo vic qun l cht lng sn phm.
n nay, cc nh cung cp dch v logistics bn th 3 u to cho mnh
t nht mt ch ng trn th trng dch v logistics Trung Quc v ngy cng
c nhiu cng ty cung cp dch v logisics bn th 3 tham gia vo th trng
dch v logistics cng bin. Sau khi Trung Quc c chnh sch cho php thnh
lp cng ty 100% vn nc ngoi vo thng 12/2005, nhiu cng ty nc ngoi
thm nhp su vo th trng dch v logistics cng bin ca Trung Quc nh
Ryder System, Penske Logistics, Schneider Logistics, APL Logistics, Cc
cng ty ang hot ng kh thnh cng ti th trng dch v logistics cng bin
v u tp trung u t vo h thng kho bi rng v hin i, h thng trm
phn phi vi phm vi phn phi rng khp. (DHL Global Forwarding China t
xp x 2% th phn vn chuyn hng ho ng bin ca Trung Quc).
thc hin nhng mc tiu chin lc ca mnh, Trung Quc v ang
u t rt nhiu cho vic xy dng cc trung tm dch v logistics quc t v
cng bin ti cc v tr chin lc trn lnh th Trung Quc: Cng vin dch v
logistics Xiangyang Guobang (tnh Hubei) tri rng trn khu vc 333.335m 2,
trung tm dch v logistics Shatina (Thnh ph Dongguan), cng bin Shanghai,
Shengzhen, Chendu

48

Mi y, Trung Quc xy dng trung tm dch v logistics cng bin quc

t Xiamen ti khu vc cng Dongdu ca Xiamen vi din tch 420.000m2, mt
phn quan trng ca cng vin hin i Xiamen tr gi 800 triu Nhn dn t
(104 triu USD). K t khi trung tm hot ng vo nm 2009, tt c cc vn
phng hi quan v thanh tra ca cng Dongdu, khu hng Xiangyu v cng vin
dch v logistics Xiamen c chuyn n trung tm dch v logistics mi, c
dch v thng quan tng tc mt ca v cc dch v logistics cng bin h tr.
Bng 1.5: Th hng cc cng container hng u th gii nm 2012
V tr

Tn cng

Sn lng (triu TEU)

Shanghai, China

32,53

Singapore,Singapore

31,65

Hong Kong, China

23,10

Shenzhen, China

22,94

Busan, South Korea

17,04

Ningbo-Zhoushan, China

16,83

Guangzhou Harbor, China

14,74

Qingdao, China
Jebel Ali, Dubai, United
Arab Emirates
Tianjin, China
Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam

14,50

9
10
26

13,30
12,30
5,19

Ngun: (WSC) World Shipping Council - Cng ng vn ti bin th gii 2013

Nh c iu tit lu thng hnh ha theo nh hng pht trin kinh t x

hi ca nh nc v theo quy nh ca php lut. Trung Quc tp trung c
vo vic pht trin mnh h thng cng bin. Theo danh sch cc cng container
hng u th gii ca tp ch Thng mi Newark th 6/9 cng ln nht th gii
hin nay l Trung Quc. Trong , Shanghai (Thng Hi) ang ni ln l mt
cng trung chuyn ln, snh ngang vi Singapore, Hongkong vi lng hng
ho trung chuyn ngy cng tng. K t nm 2011, Shanghai vt qua
Singapore v Hongkong tr thnh cng nhn nhp ng th nht trn th gii vi

49

31,74 triu TEU, th hai l Singapore (29,94 triu TEU). Nm 2012, lng
container qua cng Shanghai t 32,53 triu TEU. (Bng 1.5)
Hin nay hu ht cc cng ty dch v logistics hng u trn th gii
thm nhp vo th trng Trung Quc. Vic xut hin ngy cng nhiu cc cng
ty kinh doanh vn ti v dch v kho vn nc ngoi ti Trung Quc v ang
t cc cng ty tham gia dch v logistics cng bin ca Trung Quc ng trc
xu th cnh tranh gay gt. Tuy nhin, vi s pht trin vt bc ca nn kinh t
v dng chy ca ngun vn u t nc ngoi vo Trung Quc, nhu cu v
dch v logistics cng bin nc ny vn khng ngng tng v dch v
logistics ny tip tc pht trin mnh m chng t QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng bin Trung Quc ang i ng hng.
1.2.4 Kinh nghim QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin ca Nht Bn
Chnh ph Nht Bn rt ch trng n vic i mi qun l nh nc i vi
dch v logistics nht l dch v logistics cng bin bng vic sa i nhng chnh
sch, ng li pht trin dch v logistics vi mc tiu ng h cng cuc ci t
c cu th trng dch v logistics v ngnh dch v logistics cng bin. u tin
trc ht l nhm ginh cho h thng phn phi hiu qu v chnh xc nhm nng
cao tnh cnh tranh quc t ca h thng cng bin. Chi ph dch v logistics ca
Nht Bn ch chim khong 11% GDP, trong , chi ph cho giao thng vn ti
chim 52,66%, chi ph kho bi chim 19,67%, chi ph ng gi chim 6,75%, chi
ph cht, d hng ha chim 12,33% v chi ph hnh chnh chim 8,59%. [2]
Nhm i mi qun l dch v logistics, Nht Bn ch trng vo 2 chin
lc pht trin c bn sau:
Th nht, tp trung hp l ha dch v logistics cc thnh ph cng.
Ngay t nhng nm 1960, Nht Bn xy dng v pht trin cc bi kho vn
hu cn xung quanh cc thnh ph cng ln v gn cc im mu cht giao
thng vn ti. Cc bi kho vn hu cn u tp trung vo vic hp l ha cc
dch v logistics thnh ph cng. Bi kho vn Hanshin uc xy dng nm 1991
l t hp ca 64 doanh nghip ln. Bn trung tm kho vn hu cn ca Nht Bn

50

ti Tokyo, bao gm trung tm kho vn hu cn Kasai (ng Tokyo), Hoping

Island (Nam Tokyo), Oshima (Ty Tokyo) v Adachi (Bc Tokyo) to thnh
mt mng li giao thng vn ti bao quanh thnh ph v lin kt ti thnh ph
cng Yokohama to thnh mng cung cp dch v logistics rng khp.
Th hai, chnh ph Nht Bn trc tip ch o, dn dt vic pht trin
ngnh dch v logistics cng bin. Chnh ph Nht Bn gi vai tr quan trng
trong vic xy dng cc kho vn hu cn v coi vic pht trin ngnh logistics
ni chung v logistics cng bin hin i l chin lc quan trng nng cao v
th quyn lc quc gia. Chnh ph Nht Bn l ngi ng vai tr chnh trong
vic duy tr hot ng ca h thng cng bin quc gia cng nh i tu bin v
mi quyt nh v cng u do Chnh ph a ra. Nht Bn rt ch trng n
hiu qu v hot ng kim sot v m i vi dch v logistics cng bin.
Nhng lnh vc sau c chnh ph c bit ch :
- Tp trung vo vic lp quy hoch: Bng cch sp xp k hoch pht trin
cc bi kho vn hu cn v cc thit b trong dch v logistics cng bin, chnh
ph Nht Bn chn la nhng v tr thch hp gn cc khu lin k thnh
ph, bn cnh cc tuyn giao thng ni b v cc ng giao thng huyt mch
chnh ni lin cc thnh ph cng xy dng cc kho vn hu cn. Kho cha
hng c xy dng gn cc cng bin ln, c h thng giao thng vn ti
thng sut vi tng din tch hn 800.000ha b mt trn khp nc Nht. H
thng kho bi cung cp a dng cc chc nng dch v nh: kho lm lnh,
kho gi m v hng lot cc dch v bo qun thc phm, thuc men v cc
sn phm nhy cm khc.
- Hon thin cc chnh sch u i h tr v khuyn khch pht trin dch
v logistics cng hin i: Bng cch hon thin h thng ung x, nng cp h
thng giao thng vn ti ng sng, bin, gim tc nghn giao thng ng b
v pht trin mng li giao thng vn ti lin kt, chnh ph Nht Bn ban hnh
hng lot chnh sch khuyn khch thch hp nh gim mt s s iu chnh,
thnh lp nhng t chc lin kt v cung cp s tr gip chnh thc. Chnh ph

51

Nht Bn thng bn t vi gi thp xy dng cc kho vn hu cn. Do vy,

nhiu cng ty t nhn vay tin ngn hng xy dng cc kho bi hu cn.
Ngoi ra, chnh ph Nht Bn cn ginh mt khon cho vay u i cho cc cng
ty t nhn v gip h hon thin cc kho hu cn cho cng bin.
- Trc tip u t vn ln xy dng kho vn hu cn cng bin: Nm
1997, chnh ph son tho cng k hoch qun l hon chnh i vi dch v
logistics, ginh khon kinh ph ln xy dng c s h tng cho dch v
logistics bao gm ng st, ng b, ng hng khng v c s cu cng. V
d, trung tm dch v logistics ln v pht trin nht ca Nht Bn l trung tm
giao nhn hng ha Hoping Island vi chi ph xy dng l 57.2 t yn Nht.
Trong , 70% l chi ph ca cc t chc ti chnh trung tm, 20% chi ph ca
cc ngn hng a phng v 10% chi ph l ca cc doanh nghip.
Hin ti, Nht Bn s hu mt h thng dch v logistics cng c qui
hoch trn ton b lnh th. H thng ng cao tc bao trm ln tt c 4 o
ln ca t nc ni cc cng bin ln. Cc ng cao tc ny xuyn sut ti
tn o Honshu, Kyushu pha Nam v o Hokkaido pha Bc. Tt c cc
o u c ni lin bi cc cu v cc ng hm xuyn bin lm tng s kt
ni gia cc cng bin. Mng li thng tin bao trm khp ni trn t nc.
Tnh hiu qu ca dch v logistics cng bin ca Nht Bn vt c chu u,
chu M v tr thnh quc gia cung cp dch v logistics cng hng u th gii.
1.2.5 Mt s bi hc kinh nghim v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin
Qua vic nghin cu QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin mt s
nc v thnh ph trn th gii c th rt ra mt s kinh nghim c th tham
kho cho vic QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng nh sau:
+ Chnh ph nhn thc r vai tr ca dch v logistics cng bin vi s pht
trin ca t nc cng nh nhn thc y th mnh, im yu, c hi v e
da i vi h thng dch v logistics cng bin. T nhn thc , Chnh ph t
mc tiu pht trin khu vc cng tr thnh trung tm dch v logistics tch hp
cc kinh nghim t cc nc hng u th gii v nng lc vn ti hng hi,

52

ng b, xp d, lu kho, th tc hnh chnh v lin kt mng kt hp vi cng

ngh thng tin vt tri.
+ Xy dng khun kh php l ng b, thng nht l iu kin quan trng
cho vic QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng, c bit vi cc nc ang pht
trin cn c h thng php lut v chnh sch hng ti thu ht u t nc
ngoi vo pht trin dch v logistics cng. Cn c bn tay hu hnh ca Nh
nc, thnh lp y ban quc gia v dch v logistics gn kt, thng nht qun
l, t chc thc hin nhng chng trnh trng im v phi hp cc ngnh hiu
qu hn, trng tm hn cho dch v logistics cng bin.
+ To mi trng kinh doanh thun li cho dch v logistics cng nh u
i thu cho cc cng ty dch v logistics cng; Nng cao vai tr QLNN i vi
dch v logistics cng bng vic u t kinh ph cho cc doanh nghip dch v
logistics di cc hnh thc u i thu, tr cp v o to tng nng sut v
hiu qu cho dch v logistics ti cng bin.
+ Hnh thnh Qu Hng hi h tr o to ngun nhn lc cho dch v
logistics v pht trin kinh doanh cho cc cng ty dch v logistics; Thnh lp
Hip hi dch v logistics cng vi nhim v h tr v pht trin hot ng dch
v logistics cng, y mnh chng trnh o to, hun luyn nhm pht trin i
ng lao ng chuyn nghip v hng hu trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng, coi
y l mt trong nhng mc tiu chnh c ngha quan trng trong chin lc
pht trin dch v logistics cng bin.
+ Khuyn khch cc cng ty trong nc lin doanh vi cc hng nc ngoi
thit lp h thng dch v logistics ton cu, cc cng ty a quc gia, cc nh
dch v logistics quc t t tr s ti khu vc cng bn cnh vic u t vo cc
cng trnh kt cu h tng cho dch v logistics quan trng, c quy m ln, hin
i. Chnh ph cn cho php c thnh lp cng ty dch v logistics 100% vn
nc ngoi. S dng h thng cc cng ty cung cp dch v logistics nhm
chuyn mn ha gip gim c chi ph ng thi nng cao c s hi lng
ca khch hng. Pht huy nhng sng kin, kinh nghim nhm thu ht cc cng

53

ty dch v logistics cng nh cc nh sn xut, kinh doanh nc ngoi u t

vo kinh doanh ti khu vc cng bin.
+ Hon thin cc chnh sch u i h tr v khuyn khch pht trin ngnh
dch v logistics hin i, hon thin h thng ung x, nng cp h thng giao
thng vn ti ng sng, bin, gim tc nghn giao thng ng b thnh ph
v pht trin mng li giao thng vn ti lin kt. Tp trung u t xy dng c
s h tng c ng bin, ng b, ng st v ng khng cng nh h
tng cng ngh thng tin nhm to iu kin thun li cho QLNN i vi dch
v logistics cng bin. u t xy dng h thng cng bin nht l cng
container to iu kin thu ht tu thuyn trong khu vc. u t nhiu cho vic
xy dng cc trung tm dch v logistics cng bin quc t ti cc v tr chin
lc trn lnh th. Xy dng h thng qun l cc phng tin vn ti nht l h
thng t chuyn ch container mt cch c hiu qu.
+ Tp trung vo vic lp quy hoch sp xp k hoch pht trin cc bi kho
vn hu cn v cc thit b trong ngnh dch v logistics cng bin, chn la
nhng v tr thch hp gn cc khu lin k thnh ph, cm cng nghip, vng
kinh t trng im. u tin u t vo h thng kho bi vi y trang thit b
hin i, c my tnh ho. H thng cng bin, cng ty vn ti bin, hng hng
khng, cng ty dch v logistics cng bin c lin kt thnh mt chui dch v
theo ng m hnh mt ca (One - Stop Shop). Xy dng v pht trin cc bi
kho vn xung quanh cc cng v gn cc im mu cht giao thng vn ti. Cc
bi kho vn hu cn cn tp trung vo vic hp l ha vi cc dch v logistics
cng bin.
+ To bc ngot quan trng i vi nn kinh t bng vic ng dng cng
ngh thng tin vo trong hu ht cc khu ca dch v logistics cng. Vic y
mnh ng dng thng tin vo trong hot ng dch v logistics v pht trin kinh
doanh dch v logistics in t (E-Logistics), gip cho cc cng ty c th giao
sn phm theo yu cu ca khch hng v cung cp cc dch v gia tng. Ngoi
ra, vic ng dng cng ngh thng tin cn gip tit kim c thi gian, gim

54

thiu chi ph kim k s sch, giy t, gim thiu tn tht trong qu trnh lu kho
v thi gian lu kho, nhm n gin ho trong vic tin hnh cc th tc hnh
chnh lin quan ti hot ng xut nhp khu, thng quan v trung chuyn. Gip
cho hot ng dch v logistics tit kim c thi gian v chi ph trong khi
hng nm ti cng ch thng quan, nng cao nng lc cnh tranh vi cc nc
trong khu vc v trn th gii. Thm vo , vic ng dng mng li cng
(Portnet) gip ngnh dch v logistics cng qun l thng tin tt hn, m bo
thng tin thng sut hn t cc hng tu, cc nh vn ti n cc nh giao nhn
hng ho v cc c quan chnh ph.

55

CHNG 2 - THC TRNG QUN L NH NC I VI DCH V

LOGISTICS CNG HI PHNG

2.1 nh gi thc trng v tim nng v dch v logistics cng Hi

Phng
2.1.1 Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca cng Hi Phng
TP Hi Phng l thnh ph cng ln nht pha Bc c v tr chin lc, ca
ng ra bin kt ni vi th gii ca c min Bc. Do vy h thng cng bin ca
thnh ph c ch trng u t m rng t rt sm. Vo nhng nm cui th
k 19, u th k 20, Hi Phng c ngi Php xy dng nh mt trung
tm thng mi, ti chnh v c bit nht l cng bin c ting tm ca Thi
Bnh Dng. u th k XX, cng Hi Phng c mi quan h gn b vi
nhiu cng ln ng Nam , chu , chu i Dng, Bc M, ven n
Dng, a Trung Hi, i Ty Dng, bin Bc u...
Cng Hi Phng l mt cm cng bin tng hp cp quc gia, cng vi
Cng Si Gn l 1 trong 2 h thng cng bin ln nht Vit Nam, hin ang
c Chnh ph nng cp. Nm trn tuyn ng giao thng trn bin, kt
ni Singapore vi Hng Kng v cc cng ca ng v ng Bc .
Cng Hi Phng bao gm hn 40 bn cng khc vi cc chc nng khc
nhau, nh vn ti hng di, vt t, st thp, container, cht ha lng (xng,
du, kh t), bn cng cho ng tu, bn cho tu vn ti ng sng nh...
Cng Hi Phng l mt thng cng ln, tng bc c xy dng thnh
mt cng bin c cng ngh xp d hin i, tin tin, lun ng vai tr l ca
chnh ra bin, "Ca khu" giao lu quan trng nht ca cc tnh pha Bc v s
nghip cng nghip ha hin i ho t nc. Hng ho xut nhp khu ca 17
tnh pha Bc v hng qu cnh ca Bc Lo v Nam Trung Quc... thng qua
cng Hi Phng n vi th trng cc nc v ngc li. Ngoi cng ty
TNHH mt thnh vin Cng Hi Phng (i tn thnh cng ty c phn Cng Hi
Phng thng 6/2014) c tng chiu di cu tu khong 3500m, l mt cng tng

56

hp. Hng bch ho truyn thng c xp d khu vc Hong Diu v hng

container cc khu Cha V v Tn Cng. Cn c cc doanh nghip cng bin
khc cng Hi Phng u l nhng cng c qui m nh, mt s c tch ra c
phn ha nh Vt cch, on X, Cng ty CP pht trin cng nh V. Mt s
cng mi c xy dng nh cng Du kh, cng ng Hi, 128 Hi qun,
Green Port, DAP nh V...Song song vi s pht trin tng trng v s lng
cng v lng hng ha thng qua, c cu hng qua cng hin nay c s thay
i khc nhiu so vi trc.

Hnh 2.1. V tr cc cng ca cng Hi Phng

Ngun: http://haiphong.gov.vn/Portal/Default.aspx

Trong tnh hnh lng hng tng nhanh hn so vi d bo v tin u t

pht trin khng theo kp nhu cu ca th trng, trong mt s nm qua cng Hi
Phng lin tc phi i mt vi tnh trng hot ng qu ti, v khng ch cc
cng bin, h thng giao thng thy, b v ng st gn lin vi cng cng
phi chu nhng p lc nng n t vic gia tng hot ng ca cng. Do tnh cht
ca dng hng ha n cng theo ma v v s mt cn i gia lng hng
xut v hng nhp, hot ng ca cng v hot ng giao thng vn ti gn lin
vi cng gp khng t kh khn nhng k cao im.

57

Trong nhng nm qua c s quan tm ca ng, Nh nc v TP Hi

Phng (Ngh quyt s 32/NQ-TW ngy 05/08/2003 ca B chnh tr v xy dng
v pht trin TP Hi Phng trong thi k cng nghip ho, hin i ho t
nc) h thng cng Hi Phng khng ngng pht trin c v s lng v
cht lng, phc v c lc cho s nghip pht trin kinh t x hi ca t nc
v thnh ph. Vi tng chiu di cu cng hn 10,5km, chim mt phn t chiu
di cu cng ca c nc. c 5 cu cng cho tu 20.000 DWT (di 900 m. c 13 cu cng chuyn dng xp d container trong c 8 cu tu c
trang b h thng thit b xp d chuyn dng hin i. Trong vng 05 nm tr
li y mc tng trng tng sn lng thng qua cng lin tc t mc t 10
n 15%/nm. Sn lng thng qua nm 2006 t gn 17 triu tn, nm 2013 ln
n 55,5 triu tn, tng ng vi ngun thu hi quan trn 40.000 t ng, sc
vn ca cng Hi Phng ng gp ngun li to ln cho t nc. Lng
hng qua cng tng k lc, vt xa d bo l s khng nh. Nhiu Cng ng
dng mnh m cng ngh thng tin trong khai thc v qun l cng kt hp vi
ci cch th tc hnh chnh ca cc c quan QLNN to thng thong cho ch
hng, ch tu giao nhn hng ho nhanh gim lng hng tn ng ti cng.
Ngy nay, cng Hi Phng tr thnh mt trong nhng thng cng ln v
hin i khu vc ng Nam vi vt cht cu bn cho php tu ch container
c trng ti hn 10 nghn DWT vo lm hng. c trang b nhng thit b lm
hng container hin i nh h thng cn cu gin, cn cu bi c sc nng ln,
ch trong vng 10 - 12 gi c th gii phng xong tu hn 1 vn tn, gip cc tu
bin trong v nc ngoi quay vng nhanh chng theo ng lch tu ca cc
tuyn hng hi quc t. Cuc cch mng tin hc ti cng Hi Phng, lm cho
vic qun l hng ho, nht l container c cht ch, khch hng qua s
trn mn hnh bit hng ca mnh nm l bi no trong cng, gip cho vic rt
hng nhanh chng cng nh thanh ton, tr tin tr hng d dng rt ngn thi
gian so vi trc y rt nhiu. Nm 2002, ln u tin cng Hi Phng vt
qua con s hn 10 triu tn hng thng qua a tc tng trng bnh qun v

58

sn lng l 13,7% v s lt tu bin ra vo lm hng mi nm t gn 3.000

lt, chim mt vai tr ch o trong cc cng thuc khu vc ng Bc, chim
75% sn lng hng ho thng qua khu vc cng bin ng Bc v chim 80%
sn lng hng ho XNK thng qua nhm cng bin ng Bc.
Kt qu thc hin th hin bng tng s lng hng ha thng qua cng
Hi Phng n nm 2013 (hnh 2.2)
Triu tn
60

55,5

50

43

40
30

30
20

2006

48,9
34

2007

38,4

2008
2009

24

2010

17

2011

10

2012

0
2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Nm

2013

Ngun: Nin gim thng k thnh ph Hi Phng qua cc nm

Hnh 2.2. Thng k hng ha qua cng Hi Phng

Hng ti mc tiu trn 40 triu tn hng t nm 2010 tr i, cng Hi
Phng lun hng ra bin ln bng cuc hnh trnh xy dng c s vt cht cho
cc giai on pht trin ca mnh t cng chnh ti cng Cha V, cng nh V
vn ti Lch Huyn xy dng cng trung chuyn ti y vo nhng nm ti.
Nhng nm qua, c s lnh o, ch o gip ca cc B, Ngnh, TP
Hi Phng v Tng cng ty Hng hi Vit Nam mc d gp khng t kh khn
thch thc, nhng cng Hi Phng khng ngng pht huy ni lc, tranh th tng
bc thc hin i mi cng tc t chc, qun l khai thc cng, quan tm ch
trng cng tc o to pht trin ngun nhn lc, khng ngng u t c s h
tng trang thit b xp d m rng sn xut, nng cao nng lc cnh tranh.
Cng vi lng hng ha thng qua cng th khi lng hnh ha vn
chuyn cng khng ngng tng (Bng 2.1)

59

Bng 2.1. Khi lng hng ha vn chuyn ca cng Hi Phng

n v tnh: 1000 tn
2007

2009

43.841

61.003

71.349 83.837,8 100.057,3

18,21

10,39

16,95

Nh nc

12.206

14.950

15.878 16.621,3

Ngoi nh nc

30.482

45.131

54.719 66.253,3 85,643,1

C vn u t nc ngoi

1.153

922

ng b

24.480

34.299

39.886 53.905,8

69557,5

ng thu

19.361

26.705

31.463 9.815,5

5289,3

Tng khi lng hng ha vn

chuyn
Tng trng (%)

2010

2011

9,79

2013

8,7

Phn theo thnh phn kinh t

752

964,2

13472,2

942,1

Phn theo ngnh vn ti

Ngun: Nin gim thng k TP Hi Phng cc nm

Tuy nhin, cng vi xu th pht trin, hi nhp, m ca ca nn kinh t t

nc, nht l trong iu kin Vit Nam gia nhp T chc Thng mi th
gii WTO, nn kinh t nc ta hi nhp su rng vo nn kinh t ton cu;
Hip hi Cng bin Vit Nam l thnh vin Hip hi Cng bin cc nc ng
Nam Chu v hi nhp ton din vo nn kinh t quc t, trong c lnh vc
dch v logistics cng bin tr thnh mt nhu cu tt yu khch quan, tin b
trong nhng nm qua ca cng Hi Phng cha tng xng vi tc tng
trng chung ca nn kinh t v tim nng khai thc cng bin trong khu vc.
Cng Hi Phng t khi thnh lp n nay c quan h hp tc lu di vi
nhiu Hi v Hip hi khc nhau nh: L thnh vin sng lp Hip hi Cng
bin Vit Nam (Vietnam Seaport Association - VPA). Hi vin y ca Hip
hi Cng bin ASEAN (Asean Port Association).Tham gia Hip hi ch tu Vit
Nam, Hip hi i l v mi gii hng hi Vit Nam, Hip hi giao nhn Vit
Nam. L Thnh vin ca IMO Vit Nam tham gia cc cng c quc t v B

60

lut An ninh Cng bin (ISPS), B lut chng nhim hng hi (MARPOL
73/78). Hi vin Phng thng mi v cng nghip Vit Nam (VCCI). C mi
quan h v hp tc trn nhiu lnh vc: o to, kinh doanh, trao i thng tin
in t, chuyn giao cng ngh... vi cc Cng ty vn ti bin ln trong khu vc
v trn th gii. L cng kt ngha vi Cng Trm Giang (Trung Quc),
Rotterdam (H Lan), Genoa (), Cng Seattle (M) ....
Bn cnh nhng kt qu t c, vn cn mt s tn ti nh hng ln
n s pht trin v hi nhp ca cng cn c khc phc nh: C ch qun l
hin nay cn to ra sc ln, cha nhy bn. M hnh t chc cn cng knh,
km hiu qu. Chi ph sn xut cn ln, hiu qu u t cha cao. Cht lng
dch v cng mc d c ci thin, song vn cha p ng c yu cu v
nng sut, cht lng, hiu qu; kh nng cnh tranh ca cng cn thp.
2.1.2 H thng hot ng dch v logistics cng Hi phng
Cn c vo m hnh logistics cng bin c trnh by phn 1.1.1.3 ta c
th i su nghin cu v h thng hot ng dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
cc h thng lin kt c cht ch vi nhau phi ni n h thng c s h
tng giao thng cho dch v logistics cng Hi Phng n gp phn quyt nh
n ton b hot ng ca h thng dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
2.1.2.1 H thng c s h tng cho dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
H tng c s ca dch v logistics cng Hi Phng bao gm h thng
giao thng ng b, ng st, ng bin, ng sng, ng hng khng,
kho bi, truyn thng v thng tin. Di y l mt s nh gi thc trng ca
h thng c s h tng phc v pht trin dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
+ H thng ng b
Cng Hi Phng c kt ni nhiu tuyn quc l nh: Quc l 5A (H
Ni - Hi Dng - Hi Phng) chiu di l 102 km; ng cao tc H Ni - Hi
Phng (H Ni - Hi Dng - Hi Phng) chiu di l 105,5 km, l gii 100m;
Quc l 10 l gii 61,5 m, (Ung B - Hi Phng - Thi Bnh - Nam nh - Ninh
Bnh) chiu di l 151 km; ng xuyn o Hi Phng - Ct B: di 35 km;

61

Quc l 37: chiu di 20,1 km, l gii 52,0 m; ng cao tc Qung Ninh - Hi
Phng - Ninh Bnh (ng cao tc ven bin): c d n qua Hi Phng 43,8 km,
l gii 120,0 m; D n ng b ven bin Vit Nam (Chiu di 3.127 km).
Nm 2011, Th tng ph duyt kt qu m phn d n "Pht trin
giao thng th TP Hi Phng" vi tng mc u t 276,611 triu USD. D n
"Pht trin giao thng th TP Hi Phng" c thc hin trong 5 nm, t nm
2011 v d kin hon thnh vo nm 2016. ng thi, vn hnh nng cao th
ch nng lc qun l giao thng vn ti, lp v thc hin quy hoch v giao
thng th, vn ti cng cng gp phn nng cao nng lc giao thng cho cng.
+ H thng ng st
Cng Hi Phng c mt tuyn ng st H Ni - Hi Phng, do Php xy
dng t nm 1901 vi chiu di 102 km. c s dng vn chuyn hnh
khch v hng ha, tuyn ng st ny ang c k hoch nng cp v in kh
ha, gn nh song song vi quc l 5A, i qua a phn cc tnh thnh: Hi
Phng, Hi Dng, Hng Yn, H Ni.
+ H thng cng bin
Cng Hi Phng l u mi giao thng quan trng, ca ng chnh ra bin
ca c min Bc. Chnh v th m h thng cng bin pht trin. Vo nhng nm
cui th k 19, u th k 20, TP Hi Phng c ngi Php xy dng nh
mt trung tm thng mi, ti chnh v c bit nht l cng bin c ting tm
ca Thi Bnh Dng. u th k XX, cng Hi Phng c mi quan h gn
b vi nhiu cng ln ng Nam , chu , chu i Dng, Bc M, ven
n Dng, a Trung Hi, i Ty Dng, bin Bc u...Cng Hi
Phng l mt cm cng bin tng hp cp quc gia, cng vi cng Si Gn l 1
trong 2 h thng cng bin ln nht Vit Nam, hin ang c Chnh Ph nng
cp. Cng Hi Phng nm trn tuyn ng giao thng trn bin, kt ni
Singapore vi Hng Kng v cc cng ca ng v ng Bc . Cng Hi
Phng bao gm hn 40 cng ln nh, ngoi cc cng tng hp, cng container
cn c hn 20 bn cng vi cc chc nng khc nhau, nh vn ti cht ha lng

62

(xng, du, kh t), bn cng ng tu, bn cho tu vn ti ng sng nh do

nhiu cng ty khc nhau qun l v khai thc.
+ H thng cng sng, tuyn ng sng
Cng Hi Phng c h tr rt ln bi h thng cc tuyn sng v cng
sng. TP Hi Phng tp trung nhiu con sng ln hnh thnh ln cc cng sng
vi y h thng kho bi v cng trnh ph tr: nh: Cng sng Vt Cch;
Cng sng S Du; Bn tu khch Ca Cm. Hnh thnh nn cc tuyn ng
sng quan trng kt ni vi cc tnh, thnh ph khc khu vc min Bc nh:
Qung Ninh, Hi Dng, H Ni, Tuyn Quang, Vit Tr, Ho Bnh, Lo Cai,
Thi Bnh, Nam nh, Ninh Bnh.
Kt qu kho st, phng vn 50 doanh nghip logistics trn a bn TP Hi
Phng (thc hin trong khun kh ca ti ny) cho thy nhng im yu
c bn ca h thng c s h tng cng Hi Phng (Bng 2.2) (Xem ph lc 4)
Bng 2.2: Nhng im yu ca h thng c s h tng logistics cng Hi Phng
STT

Ni dung

Mc ng ca doanh
nghip iu tra (%)

H thng giao thng ca cng Hi Phng

cha ph hp cho vn ti hng ha

80

C s h tng ca TP Hi Phng khng ng

b cho vn ti a phng thc

78

H thng ng giao thng kt ni gia cng

Hi Phng vi cc tnh, thnh khc bt cp

76

TP Hi Phng cha ch trng quy hoch mt

bng cho pht trin logistics (trung tm
logistics, kho bi...)

90

Ngun: Kt qu iu tra, kho st ca tc gi

Tm li, h tng giao thng cho dch v logistics cng Hi Phng cn

thiu ng b. H tng c s ca cng cn yu km, trong h tng giao thng
ni cng vi bn ngoi cn trc tr, c bit l i vi cc xe vn ti hng siu
trng, siu trng. Vn tn ti ln khc i vi cc cng Hi Phng hin nay l
u mi giao thng phc v xut, nhp khu ca thnh ph cht lng cn thp v

63

kh nng kt ni ca cc cng u mi ln ti 2 vng kinh t trng im cha cao.

H thng vn ti ng khng, ng bin, ng st, ng b v ng sng
cn nhiu hn ch, nh hng trc tip n hiu qu ca hot ng dch v
logistics ca cng Hi Phng. nh gi mt cch chnh xc v QLNN i vi
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng trc ht phi i su tm hiu v thc trng
hot ng dch v logistics trong m hnh logistics ca cng Hi Phng.
2.1.2.2 H thng h tr tu vo cng
T nhiu nm nay lung tu vo cng Hi Phng ni ting v tnh trng
sa bi v gy nh hng nng n n qu trnh khai thc ca cc cng ty vn ti
bin v cc cng. Vic thay i lin tc ca su lung trong cc cng b
su hng hi thng xuyn l mi lo i vi tt c cc cng, cc hng tu, c
bit l cc tu ch container chuyn tuyn c lch trnh c nh. Cc cu cng
c xy dng theo qui hoch nhng khng m bo s ng b gia cc iu
kin k thut ca lung tu vi vic khai thc cng bin.Tnh trng nng lc h
thng ng b ni cng thp hn so vi nhu cu lu thng hng ha ca cng
Hi Phng t nhiu nm nay. Ngoi ra, cc h thng cung cp in, nc, thng
tin lin lc v dch v khc cng thng xuyn ri vo tnh trng c cng ra i
hot ng ri mi thc hin. Trong iu kin hot ng ca cng l thuc rt
nhiu vo ngun cung cp in, nu qu trnh cung cp khng hoc khng
lin tc th thit hi xy ra i vi cng v cc ch hng l iu khng th trnh
khi. V d thng thng vo ma h l thi im cc cng phi tip nhn rt
nhiu container hng ng lnh. Nhng ma h cng chnh l thi k m lng
tiu th in chung ca x hi tng cao. V vy, nu khng m bo cung cp
in nng th nguy c tn tht hng ha ti cng rt cao.
Qui hoch tng th pht trin cng bin thng c ban hnh km theo
qui hoch chi tit i vi tng khu vc nhng qui hoch chi tit thng c
ban hnh rt chm, c khi ti vi nm. S lch pha v thi gian ny gy
khng t kh khn cho cc nh u t v i khi gy lng ph vn do phi iu
chnh thit k. Chng hn, nm 1999 Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh Qui hoch

64

tng th nhng mi ti nm 2004 mi c Qui hoch chi tit cho khu vc cng
bin Hi phng. Nh vy, trong 5 nm t nm 1999 cho n nm 2004, mt s
bn cng v lung tu c thit k khng c c s qui hoch chi tit. D n
ci to nng cp lung tu vo cng Hi phng s dng vn vay ODA ca Nht
bn c thit k ban u (vo nm 2002) cho tu 10.000 DWT, sau n
nm 2004 li phi iu chnh thit k lung tu c th cho tu 20.000 DWT
vo khu vc nh V. Vic iu chnh thit k lung tu gy pht sinh chi ph
v mt nhiu thi gian lm th tc.
Theo tnh ton ca cc chuyn gia kinh t, cc khon thu c ngun gc t
hot ng ca cng Hi Phng hng nm l rt ln, bao gm thu hi quan, thu
bc xp (ca cc cng bin), thu cng ph, dch v hoa tiu, bo m hng hi,
dch v vn ti, cung ng tu bin, i l,Ch tnh ring nm 2010, tng ngun
thu ny t khong trn 34.000 t ng. Tng t, nm 2010 cc cng trn a
bn np ngn sch Nh nc trn 200 t ng. Song hot ng ca h thng
cng bin Hi Phng ang i mt vi mt nghch l l vic u t kinh ph no
vt lung ra vo cng Hi Phng vn cha "lt" c vo k hoch chi thng
xuyn ca ngnh Giao thng vn ti. D n ci to nng cp cng Hi Phng giai
on II (vi ngun vn ODA ca Chnh ph Nht Bn cung cp ln ti 126 triu
USD) dnh mt phn kinh ph ng k cho vic khai chnh lung ra vo mi:
sng Cm - nh V - Bch ng - Ci Trp - ct qua o Ct Hi (knh H
Nam) v ra bin theo lung Lch Huyn, m bo su lung bin t -7,2 n
-7,5 mt. Trong khai thc dch v cng bin, vn lung lch ra vo cng thng
thong, c su ln v m bo an ton i vi mi hot ng hnh hi l mt
trong nhng yu t quan trng hng u thu ht ch tu, ch hng tm n.
Theo , t Km 0 - Km 9.8 (T Bn Bnh n ca ngoi knh nh V): t 5,9m n -6,1m, t Km 9.8 - Km 19 (t Cng nh V n u trong knh H
Nam): t -7,3 n -7,6m; t Km 19 - Km 25.3 (Knh H Nam): -7,2m; t Km
25.3 - Km 38.8 (Lung Lch Huyn): -7,8m; t Km38.8 - Km 42.85 (lung bin,
ngang th trn Ct B): -8m. y l iu kin thun li gp phn nng cao sn

65

lng v doanh thu hng ha thng qua khu vc cng bin Hi Phng. T nm
2008, mi nm c u t trn di 60 t ng cho vic no vt, duy tu lung,
nhng theo cc chuyn gia ngnh hng hi th vn cha khc phc tnh
trng sa bi lm nng lung tu, cha ni g n vic x l cc im en c
hnh thnh t nhng nm trc... t c su thit k (t D n ODA),
on lung ngoi (t ca knh nh V tr ra) cn a tip xung thm 0,6m
na. Sau khi phc hi c su thit k, hng nm vn phi no vt duy tu.
Theo c tnh ca TP Hi Phng th mi nm cn khong t 120 n 150 t
ng no vt duy tu (tng ng vi khi lng no vt khong t 1,2 n
1,5 triu m3). Vic no vt duy tu hng nm c th tit kim c nu thc hin
c no vt thng xuyn v tp trung vo nhng im nng cc b mi pht
sinh trong nm.
Ngoi ra, tit kim chi ph no vt duy tu, cng Hi Phng cn tn dng
ti a mc thy triu dng hng ngy thc hin iu ng tu ra vo cng
(cc tu ln c iu ng ra vo trong khi thy triu cao, tu nh hn chy
mc nc thp, c th ra/vo thi gian bt k trong ngy).
Trong h thng h tr tu vo cng gp phn nng cao hiu qu ca dch
v ny cn phi k n s ng gp ng k ca dch v khai thu hi quan.
c t rt lu, nhng n thc s c xem l loi hnh kinh doanh chnh thc k
t khi c quyt nh s 15/1999/Q-TCHQ ngy 08/01/1999 ca Tng cc hi
quan v Quy ch tm thi qun l dch v khai thu Hi quan. Cc cng ty
c kinh doanh dch v ny phi c Giy chng nhn ng k l dch v khai
thu Hi quan v nhn vin phi tham gia cc lp o to nghip v do Cc Hi
quan t chc. Tuy nhin, loi hnh ny cng cha thc s pht trin v cc doanh
nghip t ng ra lm th tc khai bo nhm tit kim chi ph. Theo kho st ti
cc doanh nghip kinh doanh XNK, hn 70% cc doanh nghip c phng XNK
ring v t lo th tc khai bo hi quan mc d nhn vin ca cc cng ty ny
cha h tri qua lp o to theo qui nh ca Tng Cc Hi Quan. Hn na,
Hi quan cng khng kim tra v yu cu nhng ngi khai bo xut trnh giy

66

chng nhn tri qua lp hc khi cc doanh nghip n lm th tc thng

quan. Cc doanh nghip cho rng do chi ph thu cc cng ty giao nhn cao, i
khi s thiu am hiu ca cc cng ty giao nhn v hng ha ca cng ty gy
thit hi ng k cho khch hng do chm tr giao hng cng nh nhng phin
h do khai sai v hng ha. Lut Hi quan quy nh Ngi khai hi quan phi
t k khai, t chu trch nhim trc php lut v ni dung khai bo, s tin
thu khai bo. Nh vy vic khai bo v lm th tc hi quan hin nay i hi
tnh chuyn nghip, chuyn su nhng trn thc t cc n v khai thu hoc lm
dch v hu ht cha p ng c.
Sau 7 nm thc hin th im th tc hi quan in t, Chnh Ph ban
hnh Ngh nh s 87/2012/N-CP ngy 23/10/2012 quy nh chi tit mt s
iu ca Lut Hi quan v th tc hi quan in t. Theo , bt u t
01/01/2013, ngnh Hi quan thc hin chnh thc th tc hi quan in t
trn ton quc. Ngi khai hi quan c khai hi quan in t v nhn thng
tin phn hi ca c quan hi quan trc tip qua H thng x l d liu in t
hi quan. Ti Cc Hi quan TP Hi Phng, n nay c trn 98% cc l hng
xut khu, nhp khu p dng th tc hi quan in t.
Song song vi pht trin th tc hi quan in t ngnh Hi quan cng y
mnh pht trin ca cc i l hi quan v trin khai ch k s. Khi ch k s
c p dng hon ton th ch doanh nghip trc tip xut nhp khu hoc i
l hi quan ng k ch k s vi hi quan mi c th khai bo hi quan. Nh
vy xu hng trong tng lai l doanh nghip s thu cc i l hi quan lm th
tc hi quan thay v cc n v dch v hi quan t pht nh hin nay.
Tm li, h thng h tr tu vo cng cn phi khc phc mt s tn ti
nh: m bo su thit k lung hng hi i hi cc c quan QLNN phi
a vo k hoch thng xuyn v kim sot cht ch tit kim chi ph v
m bo su cn thit; Cn tn dng ch nht triu a tu trng ti ln
vo cng nhm gim chi ph chuyn ti; Th tc hi quan thc hin th tc
hi quan in t rt thun li song vic khai bo cn phi c s gip ca

67

ngi i din chuyn nghip tng tnh chuyn mn ha v m bo cho vic

kim sot nhm tit kim chi ph.
2.1.2.3 Tnh hnh hot ng ca h thng xp d cng Hi Phng
Cng Hi Phng l mt trong nhng cng c v tr thun tin trong vic vn
chuyn hng ha i cc vng trong lnh th Vit Nam nht l khu vc pha bc,
khu vc nam Trung Quc cng nh n cc nc trn th gii. Trong qu trnh
hnh thnh v pht trin cng Hi Phng l mt thng cng ln Vit Nam,
ngy nay tng bc c xy dng thnh mt cng bin c cng ngh xp d
hin i, tin tin, hot ng di m hnh cc doanh nghip pht huy c
th mnh ca mnh. Sn lng hng ha bc xp qua cng pht trin nm sau
cao hn so vi nm trc v l mt cm cng c nng lc bc xp ln nht trong
c nc. Sn lng thng qua cng gp 5 ln cng Nng v 5/6 cng Si
Gn. S lng container khai thc c hn 1,5 ln so vi cng Si gn, 15 ln
so vi cng Nng. V s lt tu cp cng cng ng th 2 ch thp hn so
vi cng Si Gn.
Trn a bn Hi Phng hin nay c tng cng trn 40 doanh nghip cng
bin vi tng chiu di cu tu trn 10,5 km. Trong vng 05 nm tr li y mc
tng trng tng sn lng thng qua cng lin tc t mc t 10-15%/nm.
Ring nm 2010, trong khi tng sn lng hng qua cng ca ton quc ch tng
mc 3,5% th cng Hi Phng vn duy tr c mc 15%, bng trn 43 triu
tn. Cn c theo qui hoch pht trin chi tit nhm cng bin pha bc trc y
th n nm 2013 sn lng thng qua cng Hi phng c d bo mc 54
triu tn. Mc sn lng xp d hng ha thng qua thc t trn 55,5 triu tn
vt xa d bo. Theo xu hng tng trng nh nhng nm gn y th d bo
ca qui hoch cho nm 2015 (t 35,5 n 39 triu tn) s b ph v l hin nhin,
tc l cc cng s pht trin lun lun di mc yu cu.
Cng Hi Phng c trang b nhiu phng tin v thit b c th
p ng nhu cu xp d ca khch hng nh: 39 cn trc chn , 08 cu trc
gin QC, 12 cn trc gin bnh lp RTG, 07 cn trc bnh lp, 54 xe nng hng

68

Forklift, 18 xe nng hng Reachstacker, 04 xe nng v Sidelift, 55 khung cu

bn t ng, 10 khung cu t ng, 01 cn cu ni 80 tn, 03 tu lai dt h tr
1300CV, 09 tu phc v. (Xem ph lc 1)
Hin c nc c khong hn 260 cng bin, vi 9 cng ln, song vn cha
th n tu ti trng trn 50.000 tn, khin nn kinh t tn tht gn 1,5 t
USD/nm. Hu ht hng xut khu ca Vit Nam u phi trung chuyn qua mt
nc th 3. Vn ti v bc xp trung chuyn lm cho chi ph vn ti tng thm
ti 28% khin cng bin Vit Nam mt li th cnh tranh. Hin nay, cng bin
Vit Nam ang tha s lng nhng li qu thiu cng c y dch v v kh
nng p ng nhu cu vn ti ang tng mnh. Bnh qun nng sut xp d hng
ha ca cc cng bin Vit Nam ch bng 50 - 60% nng sut ca cc cng tin
tin trong khu vc.
T cho thy, nng lc xp d hng ca cng Hi Phng vn cn thp so
vi cc cng ca cc nc trn th gii. So vi phng tin thit b ca cng Si
Gn th trang thit b ca cng Hi Phng c s lng nhiu hn v c u t
nhiu thit b hin i (Bng 2.3). V vy nng lc xp d hng ca cng Hi
Phng m bo gii phng nhanh cc tu c trng ti ln cp cng nht l lng
hng ch bng container. Tuy nhin, i vi nhng hng ha siu trng siu
trng, cng vn phi thu thit b xp d ca cc cng ty bn ngoi. y l mt
trong nhng kh khn khin cho cc tu ln khng th thng xuyn cp
cng Hi Phng.
Bn cnh nhng tim nng, li th v c s h tng, trang thit b v nhng
kt qu t c t hot ng ca h thng xp d cng Hi Phng, vn cn
tn ti mt s hn ch ch yu nh:
-

Cng Cha V - Hi Phng trang b mt s phng tin thit b xp

d hin i, chuyn dng container. Cn li hu ht cc cng bin khc trong h

thng cng Hi Phng ch yu s dng thit b bc xp thng thng, th s hoc
cn cu tu l chnh nn nng sut xp d ca cc cng rt thp.

69

Bng 2.3. Phng tin thit b hai cng Si Gn v Hi Phng

Thit b

Cng Si Gn

Cng Hi Phng

S lng

Thng s

S lng Thng s

Cu gin xp d
container (QC)

02

40 tn

08

40 tn

Cn cu gin
bnh lp (RTG)

03

40 tn

12

35,6 tn

Cu b di ng
(Cn cu ni)

04

80 100 tn

80 tn

Xe nng container
hngReachstacker

05

45 tn

18

40 45 tn

Xe nng container
rngSidelift

02

10 tn

7 tn

Xe nng
cngForklift

15

07 30 tn

54

3-30 tn

u ko

11

Sc ko 60
tn

Cn in t

02

100 tn

80-120 tn

Ngun: Phng K thut cng ngh Cng Hi Phng

70

Trong tnh hnh lng hng tng nhanh hn so vi d bo v tin

u t pht trin khng theo kp nhu cu ca th trng lun phi i mt vi

tnh trng hot ng qu ti. Do tnh cht ca dng hng ha n cng theo ma
v v s mt cn i gia lng hng xut v nhp, hot ng xp d ca cng
v giao thng vn ti gn lin vi cng gp khng t kh khn k cao im.
-

S liu thng k ca Cng v Hng hi Hi Phng cho thy trong nm

2010 c khong 13600 lt tu ra/vo cng. Nu ly tng s hng xp d

(38,4 triu tn) chia cho tng s lt tu th mi chuyn tu ch ch bnh qun
trn 2.800 tn hng. Nu cng vi lng hng ny m iu kin k thut cho
php ch bng tu ln hn th c th d dng lng ha c li ch ca vic
gim cc vn chuyn v gim c tnh trng giao thng trn lung qu ng.
Trong mt s nm gn y khu vc Hi Phng cho thy hng ha n
cng c xu hng phn nhm r rt, mt hng ng trong container hin ang
chim t trng kh ln trong tng lng hng qua cng. Cc loi hng khc nh
hng lng, hng ri, hng bch ha, hng bao,u cho thy nhu cu phc v
nhng bn chuyn dng. S thay i ny ko theo rt nhiu thay i v
phng thc bc xp, giao nhn v vn chuyn. ng thi vi s tng trng
ca lng hng bch ha truyn thng, cng ngh vn chuyn hng container
nay tr thnh ph bin Vit Nam v c nh hng ln ti qui hoch, b tr
v u t dy chuyn cng ngh, trang thit b xp d.
Nm 1989, Lin doanh vn ti bin Vit - Php Gematrans l hng u tin
a tu chuyn tuyn ch hng ng trong container cp cng Hi Phng. So
vi vn ti bin th gii th s bt u lm hng container chuyn tuyn ca cng
Hi Phng l kh mun, nhng k t n nay, mi ch sau hn 20 nm hng
container chim gn 50% tng lng hng qua cng. Nm 2010 cng Hi
Phng xp d c trn 2,2 triu TEU.
C cu cc mt hng truyn thng cng c nhiu thay i. Cng Hi Phng
xp d hng nm mt khi lng ln hng ri v hng st thp, kt cu cho
cc d n, xe cng trnh, C cu hng xut khu qua cng cng c nhiu thay

71

i. Mt hng thc n gia sc ri (TAGS) v hng bch ha truyn thng ch tp

trung vo khu vc cng Hong Diu v y l ni duy nht c cc trang, thit b
chuyn dng nh cn cu gu ngom, phu rt hng, my ng bao, nh cn, lao
ng chuyn nghip,Mi nm Hi Phng tip nhn khong trn 2 triu tn
hng TAGS ri nhp khu. Mt hng ny thng c nhp khu v theo thi
v phc v chn nui. V vy, thng xuyn xy ra tnh trng qu ti v
cu bn, trang thit b xp d v phng tin vn ti. Khi cng Hi Phng b qu
ti th khng mt cng bn no trong khu vc c kh nng chia s, xp d gip
cng Hi Phng gim ti. Hu ht cc cng u t xy dng mi trong khu vc
u tp trung vo xp d cc loi hng c thu nhp cao nh container, st thp...
Mt hn ch kh ln ca cng Hi Phng hin nay l tnh trng khng
tip nhn c tu ln, cc hng tu ch c th b tr c tu feeder. iu ny gy
cn tr khng nh cho u t ci thin cng ngh i n t ng ha cc
cng do lng hng t. xut hin cng Hi Phng mt s bn xp d hng
chuyn dng nh kh ha lng, xi mng, phn bn bao (DAP). Ti cc cng ny
c b tr cc h thng thit b lp rp c nh v chuyn mn ha, to nng sut
xp d cao nhng do c tu vo cng hn ch nn qui m thit b u t cng
khng ln. Mt hng thc n gia sc ri l mt loi hng c khi lng ln hin
ang c tp trung xp d khu vc cng Hong Diu hin nay vn ang c
xp d ch yu trong iu kin bn th cng. Cc thit b b tr lm mt
hng ny l cn trc chn gu ngom, phu, my ng bao, cn,... Nng sut
xp d ca cng c th tng ln rt nhiu nu cng iu kin u t cc
thit b c tnh chuyn mn ha cao hn nh my ht, kho kn (silo) km h
thng chuyn dng cha hng ri, h thng ng bao, cn t ng i km...
Trong mt s nm gn y, s cnh tranh gia cc cng v c gia cc
doanh nghip lm dch v logistics cng to ng lc thc y pht trin theo
hng c li cho cc bn s dng dch v. Tuy nhin, bt u bc l mt s
mt tri ca cnh tranh nh gim gi xp d di gi thnh, chn hng hoc
nng gi khng hp l... V vy, s gim st ca cc c quan QLNN m bo

72

n nh v cng bng trong hot ng gia cc doanh nghip l cn thit.

Nhng ni dung phn tch trn y ch ra mt s vn bt cp trong
thc tin hot ng v pht trin ca ca h thng xp d cng Hi Phng v
qua phn nh nhu cu iu chnh v chnh sch QLNN cng nh trong
qun l iu hnh cng m bo s pht trin ng nh hng v hiu qu
u t, pht huy ht tim nng v li th ca cng Hi Phng.
2.1.2.4 H thng h tr hnh trnh tu.
Cng bin khng th hot ng nu thiu h thng dch v h tr hnh trnh
tu. Song song vi s tn ti ca cng Hi Phng hin ang l mt trung tm
dch v cng bin ln. Mt s ngnh dch v logistics chnh ca h thng dch v
h tr hnh trnh tu c hot ng gn b cht ch vi cng nh i l hng hi,
cung ng tu bin, dch v y t, vn ti, du lch, n ung, khch sn, sa cha tu
bin,... u c c hi kinh doanh nh hot ng lu thng hng ha qua cng.
Theo s liu ca CVHHHP, hin nay cng Hi Phng c 85 doanh nghip
kinh doanh dch v i l hng hi, trong c nhiu dch v phc hp nh i
l tu, i l hng, y thc vn chuyn trong chui dch v logistics cng. Nh
nu phn trc, hng ha n v i khi cng Hi Phng hin nay ch yu
bng ng b. Hot ng ca i ng ng o xe vn ti ca cc cng ty vn
ti ca cng Hi Phng v t cc tnh ngoi c tc ng rt ln n tnh hnh
giao thng ng b kt ni vi cng. xut hin mt s nt giao thng v
tnh trng tc nghn giao thng ngy cng gia tng. Ngoi ra, cn nhiu nguyn
nhn khc c th dn n nh tr ca hot ng vn ti b nh hng trc tip
n hot ng ca cng bin nh cc vn v gi c, gian ln thng mi, cnh
tranh...Mt h thng cung cp dch v thng sut, hot ng n nh lun lun l
mong mun ca cc nh qun l v iu hnh cng bin.
2.1.2.5 Giao nhn vn ti ni a
Nh nh gi h thng c s h tng ca ngnh dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng bao gm h thng giao thng ng bin, ng sng, ng b,
ng st, kho bi, truyn thng v thng tin kh ton din, phn nh li th, bt

73

cp ca cng Hi Phng so vi cc cng ln khc trong c nc.

Cng Hi Phng kt ni vi mng li sng ngi dy c, mt trung
bnh t 0,6-0,8 km/1km2, u l cc chi lu ca sng Thi Bnh ra vnh Bc
B. Hi Phng c 16 sng chnh ta rng khp a bn vi di trn 300 km,
vi ca sng ln: Bch ng, Vn c, Nam Triu, Thi Bnh, Lch Tray to
iu kin cho s pht trin h thng giao thng thy ni a. Cc tuyn ng
thy hnh thnh cc cng sng vi y h thng kho bi v cng trnh ph tr
nh: cng sng Vt Cch, S Du, Ca Cm. Cc tuyn ng sng quan trng
pha Bc kt ni vi cc tnh, thnh ph: Qung Ninh, Hi Dng, H Ni,
Tuyn Quang, Vit Tr, Ho Bnh v Lo Cai, Thi Bnh, Nam nh v Ninh
Bnh, nu tp trung pht trin loi hnh vn ti ny s l hng i hiu qu i
hi cc cp QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng cn phi nh
hng trong thi gian ti.
Vn ti ng b, nh phn tch trn, hin c ti trn 70% lng hng
qua cng Hi Phng c vn chuyn bng ng b. Do tnh hnh lng hng
tng nhanh, cng Hi Phng xy ra n tc giao thng trong nhng gi cao
im. Nu tp trung ci to nng cp h thng giao thng ng b mt s
im trng yu th tnh hnh s c ci thin rt nhiu. Vic tng cng rt
hng bng ng sng v ng st cng rt cn thit v s gip gim ng k
cng thng ca giao thng ng b.
Vn ti ng st, h thng ng st ni cng Hi Phng vi tuyn ng
st H Ni Hi Phng (vi tng din tch ng st v hnh lang ng st
khong 10ha trn tng s 35,5ha ca Cng chnh) xung cp nghim trng, t
nhiu nm nay khng c sa cha, duy tu y . ng st mi ch kt ni
c vi khu Cng Chnh v khu Cha V, cha ni c vi tt c cc cng
trong khu vc, c bit l cc khu vc ang pht trin cng mnh nh nh V.
H thng cc ga hu phng ca ng st cha c trang b c th tip
nhn hng khi lng ln v c bit thiu thit b cu chuyn dng v kho, bi
phc v a dng cc mt hng container.

74

2.1.2.6 Dch v phn loi, ng gi, bao b hng ha

Dch v ny hin nay cha c cc cng ty giao nhn vn ti ch do cc
doanh nghip u t ng gi v ghi nhn hiu cho hng ha ca mnh. Ring
nhng hng ho nhp vn chuyn theo kiu hng ri nh phn bn, bt m,
go, cc ch hng mi nh cng ty giao nhn thc hin vic ng gi ti tu
hoc kho bi ca cng nhm gim c hao ht v tit kim c chi ph vn
chuyn v kho ng gi.
Ngoi ra, cc cng ty giao nhn vn ti cn thc hin cc dch v trn theo
ch nh ca khch hng i vi nhng l hng phi mu dch, hng trin lm,
hng c khi lng nh, ngun hng khng thng xuyn, hng ca cc vn
phng i din. Cc nguyn vt liu ng gi, bao b thng s dng l nhng
nguyn vt liu c sn trong nc nh carton, g, bao nilon, bao nha ti ch
gim chi ph, khng cn nhng my mc hin i. Vi nhng hng ha c gi tr
cao nh sn phm cng nghip, in t, nhng nguyn liu cao cp s dng
c sn xut ti ch nh bao xp kh, mouse ng gi. Vic ng gi c
thc hin mt cch th cng, bng cng nhn lao ng chn tay, cha c my
mc hin i no c u t trang b cho cng vic ny.
2.1.2.7 H thng dch v Kho bi v cc dch v khc
T khi hnh thnh cng Hi Phng h thng kho bi ch yu l tp trung
trn din tch qun l ca cng. Do nhu cu pht trin, lng hng ha thng qua
cng ngy cng nhiu, lng hng lu tr ngy cng ln i hi phi c c s
lu tr hng ha. Do vy hnh thnh cc doanh nghip dch v m bo
lu gi, bo qun, xp d hng ha m bo p ng kp thi ng tin cho
qu trnh vn hnh ca tu c hiu qu. Khi vic vn chuyn container pht
trin xut hin thm nhu cu mi v kho bi lu gi container t hnh thnh
cc cng container ni a (vit tt ICD- Inland Container Depot) gp phn
gim p lc ng rt hng ti cng, dnh din tch mn tu trong cng ti a
gip gii phng tu nhanh. Vic pht trin cc ICD cng Hi Phng hin nay
vn cn mang tnh t pht, cha c mt quy hoch tng th. Cc ICD ch yu

75

c xy dng trn cc trc ng ra vo cc cng cha c chuyn mn ha,

trang thit b cn thiu nn cha pht huy ht u th. Nht l vic qun l cn
cha khoa hc cha p dng cng ngh thng tin nn tn km chi ph a
container vo, ra tn thi gian v thao tc thc hin khi din tch cc ICD nh
lng container ln phi chng cao ln nhau, cc chng loi container xp ln.
V kho ngoi quan, cc cng ty cha khai thc nhng u th ca n phc
v cho vic kinh doanh. Kho Ngoi quan ch yu trung chuyn hng ha,
cha c s dng lm kho lu tr hng ha ch lm th tc thng quan a
ngay vo sn xut v tiu dng khi cn thit, gim thi gian phi ch hng vn
chuyn khi c n t hng cng nh gim nhng ri ro v gi c hng ha khi
c bin ng th trng theo chiu hng xu do d tr hng ha em li.
Ngoi ra cn mt s dch v logistics khc nh dch v vn chuyn quc t
Dch v ny gm c vn chuyn hng l, vn chuyn container v vn
chuyn hng ri, trong vn chuyn hng l ang l th mnh cnh tranh ca
cng ty so vi cc hng tu. Cc cng ty giao nhn gom nhiu l hng l vo
mt container ri vn chuyn i theo yu cu ca khch hng. C hai hnh thc
gom hng:
-

Gom hng qua tng chng: hnh thc ny chim t l tng i cao

khong 80%. Cc cng ty giao nhn s ng nhiu l hng c cng n khc

nhau ri xut hng i hay gi n cc i l ca hng tu ti cng Hi Phng, Si
Gn, Nng, Cc l hng s c tin hnh phn loi theo cng a im
n, sau s vn chuyn n Singapore, Hng Kng v mt s quc gia khc.
-

Gom hng sut: Nhng l hng c cng ni n c ng chung

trong mt container v gi thng t cng Hi phng vo Nng hay cng Si

Gn vn chuyn n cc cng ch hoc ngc li
Hin nay, sn lng hng t khai thc ca cc cng ty giao nhn cha tht
u n. Ch yu l nhng l hng xut nhp khu theo s ch nh ca cc cng
ty nc ngoi. So vi mt s cng khc, tu cp cng Hi Phng tip tc vn
chuyn i cc nc tng i nhiu. Cc hng tu container ln c vn phng

76

i din hay i l ti TP Hi Phng tng i nhiu, trong phi k n mt

s hng tu ln l: Wan Hai, Huyndai, Maersk, Sealand, Germadept, HapagLloyd, Hanjin, Evergreen, OOCL, APL, APM, Straits shipping Pte ltd. v
Panalpina ng gp khng nh cho dch v vn chuyn quc t.(Xem mc lc 6)
Gi cc ti cng Hi Phng cn cao, cha khai thc ht cng sut ca cc
i tu c trng ti ln chuyn ch hng i cc nc. Vic vn chuyn hng
ha cn ph thuc vo cc hng tu nc ngoi gy cn tr khng nh n dch
v vn chuyn quc t. (Bng 2.4)
Bng 2.4. Gi cc dch v ca mt s cng ty giao nhn cng Hi Phng
STT

Din gii

n v tnh

n gi
(ng)

Ph cp lnh

vn n

400.000

Ph xp d - nng hng /h v (ti 1

cng) Khng hang

Loi 20ft

200.000

Loi 40ft

250.000

Loi 20ft

300.000

Loi 40ft

450.000

Loi 20ft

2.800.000

Loi 40ft

3.500.000

Loi 20ft

7.600.000

Loi 40ft

9.100.000

Loi 20ft

30.500.000

Loi 40ft

35.000.000

Loi 20ft

100.000

Loi 40ft

200.000

Ca xe 8 ting

1.200.000

Loi 20ft

150.000

Loi 40ft

300.000

2
C hang
3

Vn chuyn t t kho ch hng ra cng

Hi Phng

Vn chuyn ng bin HP HCM

Vn chuyn t t HP HCM

Lu kho bi tnh t ngy t.6-t.10

Lu 1 ca xe (min 8 ting k t khi xe

ti kho)

V sinh container (theo thc t pht

sinh)

Ngun: Tng hp s liu t cc cng ty giao nhn ti cng Hi Phng nm 2011

77

Nh vy, dch v vn ti quc t cng Hi Phng ang vn hnh cn yu,

i hi phi c nhng gii php c th v u t, qun l, khai thc khc phc
nhng bt cp lin quan n s pht trin cng bin v dch v logistics nhm
m bo pht huy ti a nng lc ton b h thng giao thng trong phc v
hot ng cng bin.
Cn cp thit phi y nhanh nghin cu v pht trin ng b cc hot
ng dch v logistics cng. Quan trng hn c l hnh thnh cc u mi vn
ti, xy dng trung tm logistics cp quc gia ti Lch Huyn v cc trung tm
logistics gn cc cng. ng thi xy dng thm cc trung tm logistics, trung
tm phn phi gip cho vic lu thng hng ha nhanh chng, thun li. Xy
dng v hin i ha h tng giao thng, cu cng, bn bi, trc mt tp trung
vo cc d n ln, nh cng ca ng quc t Lch Huyn, ng cao tc H Ni
Hi Phng, cu nh V - Ct Hi v ng cao tc ven bin.
2.1.3 Tim nng pht trin dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
+ Cng Hi Phng c v tr kinh t quan trng i vi Bc B v c nc
Vi lch s hn 100 nm pht trin, qua tng thi k, cng Hi Phng c
nhng ng gp tch cc vo s nghip xy dng, pht trin v lun gn b vi
tng bc i ca thnh ph Cng. T bn su kho trc y, cng Hi Phng
pht trin khng ngng v thc hin cuc hnh trnh tin ra bin, n nhng
con tu bin c trng ti ln trong giai on hi nhp v tng xng vi vai tr
lch s cng nh v tr u mi ca ng ra bin ca khu vc pha Bc.
Cng Hi Phng nm trong trung tm cng nghip min Bc Vit Nam.
Thuc mt trong 5 thnh ph trc thuc trung ng v th loi mt cp quc
gia, hin ang phn u n nm 2020 tr thnh th c bit, c v tr quan
trng v kinh t x hi v an ninh, quc phng v l ca chnh ra bin ca vng
Bc B v c nc. Do vy cng Hi Phng l u mi giao thng quan trng
ca Vng Kinh t trng im Bc B, lin kt mt vnh ai, hai hnh lang kinh
t v trc hnh lang kinh t ng Ty; l trung tm ca khu vc vnh ai kinh
t pha ty Vnh Bc B (Hi Phng, Qung Ninh); vng kinh t duyn hi Bc

78

B (Qung Ninh, Hi Phng, Thi Bnh, Nam nh, Ninh Bnh); trung tm ca
chui th hnh lang: Hi Phng - Cn Minh (Trung Quc); Hi Phng - Nam
Ninh (Trung Quc) v chui thnh ph ven bin theo vnh ai Vnh Bc B l
Hi Phng- H Long- Thi Bnh- Nam nh- Ninh Bnh Cng Hi Phng l
u mi giao thng ng bin pha Bc. Vi li th cng nc su nn vn ti
bin rt pht trin, ng thi l mt trong nhng ng lc tng trng ca vng
kinh t trng im Bc b. (Quyt nh 1448 /Q-TTg ngy 16/9/2009 ca Th
tng Chnh ph).
Cng Hi Phng t khi thnh lp n nay c quan h hp tc lu di vi
nhiu Hi v Hip hi nh: L thnh vin sng lp Hip hi Cng bin Vit Nam
(Vietnam Seaport Association - VPA). Hi vin y ca Hip hi Cng bin
ASEAN (Asean Port Association - APA). Tham gia cc hot ng ca cc Hip
hi ngnh ngh khc (Hip hi ch tu Vit Nam, Hip hi i l v mi gii
hng hi Vit Nam, Hip hi giao nhn Vit Nam). L thnh vin ca IMO Vit
Nam tham gia cc cng c quc t v B lut An ninh Cng bin (ISPS), B
lut chng nhim hng hi (MARPOL 73/78). Hi vin Phng thng mi v
cng nghip Vit Nam (VCCI).
Cng Hi Phng cn c mi quan h v hp tc trn nhiu lnh vc: o
to, kinh doanh, trao i thng tin in t, chuyn giao cng ngh...vi cc Cng
ty vn ti bin ln trong khu vc v trn th gii nh: Maerks-Sealand, Wanhai
Lines, Heung-A. L cng kt ngha vi Cng Trm Giang (Trung Quc),
Rotterdam (H Lan), Genoa (), Cng Seattle (M) ....
Gn y nht, Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt quy hoch pht trin cng
ca ng quc t Hi Phng t nay n nm 2020 v nh hng n nm 2030
ca B Giao thng Vn ti. Cng vi xy dng 2 bn u tin (cng ca ng
quc t Hi Phng ti Lch Huyn), xy dng lung tu, vng quay tu s dng
vn ngn sch cn c tin hnh ng thi. Ngoi ra d n u t xy dng
cng trn khu t ca Vinashin Ph Rng v u t, khai thc cng ca ng quc
t Lch Huyn - Hi Phng c giao cho Tng Cng ty Hng Hi Vit Nam.

79

C th ni, bng nhng n lc ca thnh ph v ngnh giao thng vn ti,

cng Hi Phng tip tc chuyn mnh vn ra bin ln p ng yu cu hi nhp
quc t v khu vc trong giai on cng nghip ho, hin i ha t nc theo
nh hng ca ng. Chng bao xa, cng Hi Phng s l mt h thng cng
lin hon t Vt cch, Hong Diu ni vi cc cng on X, TransVina,
Viconship, Cha V , nh V v Lch Huyn, Ct Hi ph hp vi tin trnh
pht trin ca cc h thng cng bin trn th gii.
+ Quy m, trnh pht trin kinh t ca cng Hi Phng ngy cng ln mnh
Qui hoch pht trin cng bin c th tng Chnh ph ph duyt
xc nh r cng Hi Phng vn l mt khu vc cng trung tm ca t nc.
V tr a l ca cng Hi Phng tr thnh mt u mi giao thng quan
trng. Nhng nm qua cng Hi Phng khng ngng pht trin v ln mnh
v mi mt. Hiu qu hot ng ca cng gp phn tch cc vo s nghip
pht trin kinh t ngy cng tng ca thnh ph.
Bng 2.5. Kt qu tng trng GDP Hi Phng giai on 2007-2013
n v tnh : t ng (Gi nm 2010)
Danh mc

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Tng GDP

32.153,3

43.137,9

47,959,3

57.284,7

63.615,2

68.782,8

73.703,7

Nng-lm-TS

3.408,1

4.629,4

5.238,0

5.731,5

6.207,5

6.304,2

6.558,8

Cng nghipXD

12.186,7

16.266,4

17.961,6

21.282,4

23.211,7

24.549,4

25.969,9

TM dch v

16558,5

22.242,1

24.759,7

30.270,2

31.984,9

35.493,8

38.716,6

Tc tng
trng (%)

25,85

34,16

11,18

19,44

11,05

8,04

7,15

Ngun: Nin gim Thng k thnh ph Hi Phng qua cc nm

n nay cha c mt chng trnh nghin cu tng th no v mc

nh hng ca ca cng bin ln i sng kinh t - x hi ca TP Hi Phng v
khu vc nhng tt c mi ngi u khng nh tm quan trng ca cng. Cng
bin l ni to ra vic lm v m bo thu nhp cho nhiu ngn dn thnh ph.
Hot ng xp d hng ha xut nhp khu ca cng khng ch to iu kin cho

80

lu thng hng ha trong nc v quc t m cn to ngun thu cho cc dch v

lin quan n cng nh hi quan, vn ti, i l, cung ng, kim dch, du lch
Hot ng ca cng c tc ng trc tip ln hot ng ca h thng vn ti
a phng thc ca thnh ph v cc vng ln cn. Trong xu th hi nhp kinh
t quc t v trong iu kin nn kinh t ca chng ta ang c nhng bc pht
trin mnh m nh hin nay th nh hng nng cao nng lc cng bin tng
cng lu thng hng ha phc v xut, nhp khu v thng mi l rt quan
trng. Ngh quyt ca cc k i hi ng b TP Hi Phng u ginh nhng
phn thch ng cho vic nh hng pht trin cng vn ra pha bin nhm
tip tc nng cao nng lc v v th, tn dng li th ca thnh ph Cng.
H thng ng st ni H ni vi Hi Phng tn ti t nhiu nm nay
nhng do c nhng hn ch ring v mt k thut nn phng thc vn ti ny
cha c ng gp ln trong tng lng hng n v i khi cng cn phi c
khai thc trit .
Tng t nh vy, h thng vn ti ng thy ni a c tim nng rt ln
song mi ch c th h tr lu thng qua cng mt chng mc nht nh nu
c sp xp v qun l tt s l mt hng i ng cho QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng.
Thng thng, s tng trng ca nn kinh t dn n tng lng hng qua
cng l mt tn hiu tch cc nhng ring i vi cc cng Hi Phng trong
nhng nm gn y, vi mc tng trng bnh qun t 10 n 15%, th y l
mt thun li nhng cng l thch thc ln. Vi xu hng pht trin nh hin
nay, lng hng thng qua cng Hi Phng s tip tc tng trong nhng nm ti.
Qu trnh pht trin i ln p ng nhu cu th trng ca cng Hi
Phng trong thi gian qua t c nhiu thnh tu quan trng nhng cng
cn khng t kh khn, i hi khng ch n lc ca cc cng bin m cn cn
ti s quan tm ca nhiu cp, nhiu ngnh, lin quan n m bo pht trin
bn vng, ng nh hng v kp thi. Ti Quyt nh s 2190/Q-TTg ngy
24/12/2009, th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Qui hoch pht trin h thng

81

cng bin Vit Nam n nm 2020, nh hng n nm 2030, trong xc

nh r khu vc cng bin Hi Phng l mt trong nhng khu vc cng trng
tm ca ton quc. y l iu kin php l cn thit v quan trng m bo
pht trin ng nh hng.
+ Cng Hi Phng c h thng h tng truyn thng v cng ngh thng tin
pht trin, c h tr bi mt trong nhng trung tm o to, thu ht ngun
nhn lc cht lng cao thun li cho s pht trin dch v logistics cng bin
Cng Hi Phng l cng ln th 2 c nc, sau cng ca thnh ph H Ch
Minh, l u mi giao thng quan trng Vng Kinh t trng im Bc B v
chui thnh ph ven bin theo vnh ai Vnh Bc B, c s h tr ca nhiu
doanh nghip u ngnh trong lnh vc truyn thng v cng ngh thng tin.
Cng Hi Phng c h tr bi mt trung tm o to ln ca vng duyn
hi Bc b vi ngun lc tri thc phong ph, kh nng to ngun nhn lc mi
nhanh chng. V vy vic p ng ngun nhn lc cho dch v logistics trn din
rng cho cng Hi Phng c th d dng hn cc cng khc. Trn thc t hin
c mt s trng i hc gn vi cng Hi Phng a ngnh dch v logistics
vo chng trnh ging dy, nh i hc Hng Hi Vit Nam, i hc Giao
thng vn ti, i hc Ngoi thng, i hc Kinh t quc dn, i hc FPT...
Trng i hc Hng Hi Vit Nam thnh lp Trung tm o to
logistics nhm p ng nhu cu o to nhn lc trong lnh vc dch v logistics.
Vi i ng ging vin l cc chuyn gia hng u lnh vc dch v logistics v
qun tr chui cung ng trong v ngoi nc, pht trin mi quan h hp tc su
rng v nhiu mt vi cc n v hot ng trong ngnh dch v logistics v
ang p ng nhu cu v ngun nhn lc cho ngnh dch v logistics ca cng
Hi Phng. Ngoi trng i hc Hng hi, cng Hi Phng cn c 11 trng
i hc v cao ng, 09 trng trung hc gp phn khng nh cho vic b sung
ngun nhn lc pht trin dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. Cc trng o
to p ng c khi lng nhn s cho qun l song p ng v cht
lng lm vic ca i ng nhn s vn cn l mt vn cn phi gii quyt.

82

y l mt tim nng ln cho s pht trin dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.

Cng Hi Phng c h tng c s truyn thng pht trin vi tc kh
nhanh, nhng hin ti cc ph vin thng, nht l vin thng quc t vn cn
cao, y gi dch v logistics ca cng cng ln cao. V cng ngh thng tin th
trang thit b ca cc doanh nghip dch v logistics cng Hi Phng y v
gi ca thit b ny cng ngy cng gim to iu kin cho cc doanh nghip va
v nh cng c th trang b c cho bn thn. Hn na, hnh thc kinh doanh
cho thu thit b cng to iu kin cc doanh nghip c iu kin tip cn
vi cng ngh thng tin khng cn u t ban u qu ln. Tuy nhin, a s cc
doanh nghip dch v logistics cng Hi Phng cha s dng nhiu phm mm
qun l cao cp, mt cng c chnh gim chi ph.
+ Cng Hi Phng c h tr bi nhiu khu cng nghip v cc doanh nghip
sn xut hng ha xut nhp khu ln, c bit l cc c s c vn nc ngoi.
So vi cc cng bin khc trong c nc, cng Hi Phng c li th c
bit v v tr a l vi vai tr l mt trong nhng cc tng trng ca vng kinh
t trng im Bc B, l cng bin quc t ln nht Min Bc v th hai c nc
(sau Thnh Ph H Ch Minh), l u mi giao thng ca cc tuyn ng b,
ng thu, ng hng khng, ng st, l trung tm xut nhp khu ca Vit
Nam, c h thng thng tin lin lc hin i, vi lc lng lao ng di do
Chnh nhng li th ny gip cng Hi Phng l mt cng c xy dng sm
nht ca Min Bc c quy m ln thu ht cc nh u t nc ngoi.
Hin nay, cng Hi phng p ng cho vic xut nhp khu ca 5 khu, cm
cng nghip (KCN) tp trung ln i vo hot ng mang li hiu qu kinh t
cao nh KCN Nomura, KCN Sn, KCN Nam Cu Kin, KCN nh V,
Cm Cng nghip Trng Du vi tng din tch gn 2.000 ha, thu ht khong
100.000 lao ng, thu ht rt nhiu doanh nghip FDI vo hot ng. T u
nm 2012 n nay, cc Khu cng nghip, Khu kinh t thu ht c 06 d n
mi vi s vn ng k 873,21 triu USD v iu chnh tng vn 07 d n vi
s vn tng thm 60,2 triu USD; tng vn thu ht t 933,41 triu USD, bng

83

186,7% so vi K hoch nm 2012 (d kin c nm thu ht 500 triu USD);gp

trn 17 ln so vi nm 2011. Mt s d n c quy m ln t cc Tp on mnh
ca Nht Bn: D n sn xut lp xe vi cng sut 24.700 chic/nm ca
Bridgestone Corporation, c vn u t ng k 574,8 triu USD, ti Khu cng
nghip nh V; D n sn xut dc phm ca Nipro Pharma Corporation, c
vn u t 250 triu USD, ti Khu th, cng nghip v dch v VSIP Hi
Phng gp phn thc y dch v logistics ca cng Hi Phng pht trin.
Ngoi ra cng Hi Phng cn c h tr ca cc a phng trong khu
vc vng kinh t trng im Bc B (H Ni, Bc Ninh, Hng Yn, Hi Dng)
Tm li, tim nng i vi dch v logistics ca cng Hi Phng rt ln to
iu kin cho s pht trin. iu gip cho cng Hi Phng c iu kin to nn
s ng b trong vic thit k, t chc, pht trin h thng dch v logistics cng
bin mang tnh cp nht, ton din v hin i. cng l nhim v t ra cho
cc c quan QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng c s tc ng
trong qun l ng hng, quyt nh n chin lc pht trin dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng trong iu kin kinh t hi nhp v m ca.
2.2 nh gi thc trng v qun l nh nc i vi dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng
2.2.1 Cc c quan QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin c th hin bng s 2.1
vi cc mi quan h trong t chc gm:
(1) Quc hi ban hnh Lut Hng Hi, Lut Doanh Nghip, Lut Thng Mi v
cc lut c lin quan, quy nh cc hnh thc kinh doanh dch v logistics, xy
dng, u t v c php m rng hot ng ca cc cng bin.
(2),(3),(4),(5) Chnh ph ban hnh cc ngh nh, quyt nh hng dn thi hnh
Lut; ph duyt cc n pht trin cng bin, pht trin cc loi hnh doanh
nghip kinh doanh dch v logistics nhm nh hng hot ng, bao gm nh
hng pht trin cc loi hnh doanh nghip dch v logistics cng bin a dng,
cc khu vc pht trin cng bin. ng thi, Chnh ph ban hnh ngh quyt ch

84

o cc b ngnh, UBND tnh, thnh ph phi hp vi nhau thc hin ng b

cc gii php nhm to thun li cho cc loi hnh doanh nghip kinh doanh dch
v logistics cng bin pht trin vi c cu ph hp.
Quc hi
(1)

Chnh ph
(3)

UBND Tnh,
Thnh ph
(9)

Cc S, Ngnh
a phng

(2)
(6)

B
Thng Mi

(5)

(4)
(7)

(10)

B Giao thng
Vn ti

(8)

Cc B,
Ngnh Trung ng

(11)

Cc Hng Hi
Vit Nam

(15)

(12)
(16)

Cng v Hng Hi
(13)

(14)

Cc doanh nghip
dch v logistics

(17)

Cc doanh
nghip cng bin

S 2.1. S QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng

Ngun: Tc gi tp
hp qua nghin cu
bin

(6),(7),(8) Cc b ngnh trung ng v UBND tnh, thnh ph trong phm vi

nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh phi hp vi nhau trin khai chi tit cc quy nh
ca Chnh ph. Trin khai vic thc hin chnh sch pht trin cc loi hnh
doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v logistics cng bin, cc cng bin trn a bn
tnh, thnh ph. T chc cng tc nghin cu, phn tch kinh t theo ngnh, lnh
vc lin quan n pht trin dch v logistics cng bin lm tham mu cho

85

Chnh ph trong vic xy dng v pht trin kinh t-x hi.

(9) UBND tnh, thnh ph ch o cc s, ngnh xy dng quy hoch tng th
pht trin kinh t-x hi. Xy dng n pht trin cc ngnh, bao gm pht
trin hot ng cc loi hnh doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v logistics cng
bin, nhm nh hng pht trin v to nhu cu cho dch v logistics cng bin.
Ch o cc s, ngnh phi hp cng Cc Hng Hi Vit Nam, Cng v Hng
Hi trin khai thc hin cc chnh sch trong hot ng dch v logistics cng
bin, cc chng trnh pht trin kinh t-x hi trn a bn, bao gm qun l
cc doanh nghip, phn lung giao thng, kim tra , kim sot cc hot ng ca
cc doanh nghip trn a bn theo ni dung chng trnh ra.
(10) Trn c s nhim v, quyn hn ca B Thng Mi ban hnh cc quyt
nh, thng t hng dn, ban hnh quy nh i vi pht trin cc loi hnh
doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v logistics cng bin, Cng UBNN tnh, thnh
ph ch o hot ng ca cc loi hnh doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v
logistics cng bin, kim tra, thanh tra, gim st, x l vi phm php lut i vi
cc doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v logistics cng bin. Bn cnh, to iu
kin, h tr cung cp thng tin, o to, bi dng nghip v, nghin cu, ng
dng khoa hc v cng ngh p ng yu cu pht trin ca cc doanh nghip
kinh doanh dch v logistics cng bin thng qua cc S Cng Thng tnh,
thnh ph.
(11) Cc Hng Hi Vit Nam chu s lnh o v iu hnh tp trung, thng
nht ca B Giao thng Vn ti theo quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn
v c cu t chc ca Cc Hng Hi Vit Nam (Quyt nh s 26/2009/Q-TTg
ngy 20/02/2009 ca Th Tng Chnh Ph). Theo , Cc Hng hi Vit Nam
l c quan trc thuc B Giao thng vn ti, thc hin chc nng tham mu,
gip B trng B Giao thng vn ti QLNN chuyn ngnh hng hi v thc thi
nhim v QLNN v hng hi trong phm vi c nc.
(12) Cng v Hng Hi khu vc chu s lnh o v iu hnh tp trung, thng
nht ca Cc Hng Hi Vit Nam theo quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn

86

v c cu t chc ca Cng v Hng Hi khu vc (Quyt nh s 57/2005/QBGTVT ngy 28/10/2005 ca B trng B Giao thng vn ti). Theo , Cng
v Hng hi khu vc l c quan trc thuc Cc Hng hi Vit Nam, l c quan
thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc v hng hi ti cng bin v khu vc qun
l do B trng B Giao thng vn ti quyt nh.
(13) Cng v Hng hi khu vc c nhim v tuyn truyn, ph bin v kim tra,
gim st vic thc hin php lut v hng hi ca cc cng bin v cc t chc,
c nhn trong nc v nc ngoi. Thc hin theo y quyn ca c quan nh
nc c thm quyn trong vic cho thu qun l khai thc kt cu h tng bn
cng c u t bng ngun vn ngn sch nh. Qun l ti sn, ti chnh theo
quy nh ca php lut; thc hin ch thng k, bo co, thc hin cc nhim
v, quyn hn khc theo quy nh. c quyn trc tip quan h vi t chc, c
nhn trong nc v nc ngoi thc hin chc nng, nhim v c giao.
(14) Cc S, Ngnh a phng c nhim v tham mu vi UBND tnh, thnh
ph cp php ng k kinh doanh cho cc doanh nghip trong lnh vc dch v
logistics cng bin, Hng dn, qun l, trin khai thc hin cc chnh sch
trong hot ng dch v logistics cng bin, cc chng trnh pht trin kinh tx hi trn a bn, phn lung giao thng, kim tra, kim sot cc hot ng ca
cc doanh nghip trn a bn theo ni dung chng trnh ra.
(15), (16) Cc s ngnh a phng phi hp cng Cc Hng Hi Vit Nam,
Cng v Hng Hi khu vc trin khai cc chnh sch i vi hot ng dch v
logistics cng bin, cc chng trnh pht trin kinh t-x hi trn a bn, phi
hp xy dng n v lnh vc pht trin dch v logistics cng bin.
(17) Cc doanh nghip cng bin v cc doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc
dch v logistics cng bin phi hp vi nhau trong vic khai thc v pht trin
dch v logistics cng bin di s ch o ca cc c quan QLNN m bo theo
ng nh hng pht trin kinh t - x hi.
Qua s trn, c th rt ra cc kha cnh lin quan n QLNN i vi
dch v logistics cng bin nh sau:

87

i tng QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin: Cc doanh nghip

cng bin trong khu vc v cc doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc dch v
logistics cng bin.
Cc phng php QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin: Phng
php kinh t, phng php hnh chnh, phng php gio dc v kt hp cc
phng php ny trong qu trnh QLNN.
Cng c ca QLNN i vi a dng ha HTD: Cng c php lut, bao
gm Lut Hng Hi, Lut Doanh Nghip, Lut Thng Mi, cc quy nh ca
Nh nc v cc hnh thc hot ng ca cc doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh
vc dch v logistics cng bin. Cng c k hoch gm: ng li, chin lc,
quy hoch, k hoch, chng trnh pht trin kinh t-x hi, chin lc pht trin
dch v logistics cng bin. Chnh sch c thc hin bao gm: Cc chnh sch
pht trin kinh t-x hi, chnh sch qun l, pht trin i vi dch v logistics
cng bin. Cng c ti sn quc gia gm c s vt cht, h tng k thut, vn, ti
sn ca Nh nc,c s dng trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin.
2.2.2 Thc trng v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
Cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics Vit Nam ni chung v ti cng
Hi Phng ni ring c xem xt v phn tch theo cc ni dung QLNN i vi
dch v logistics cng bin l cng tc ban hnh lut php, hng dn cc c
quan QLNN trin khai cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin; nh
hng v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin qua xy dng v trin khai
thc hin chin lc, k hoch; Ch o thc hin v QLNN i vi s pht trin
dch v logistics cng bin ph hp tin trnh hi nhp quc t; kim tra, thanh
tra, gim st qu trnh QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin; Cung cp
thng tin p ng yu cu QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin; t chc
cng tc nghin cu khoa hc v o to nhn lc. Da trn cc tiu ch hiu
lc, hiu qu, ph hp, cng bng v bn vng.
2.2.2.1 Cng tc ban hnh lut php, v hng dn ca cc c quan QLNN i
vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.

88

Da trn c s cc Ngh quyt ca B Chnh tr, Quc hi ban hnh Lut

Hng Hi, Lut Doanh Nghip, Lut Thng Mi v cc lut c lin quan quy
nh cc hnh thc kinh doanh dch v logistics, xy dng, u t v c php
m rng hot ng ca cc cng bin. Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh cc Ngh
nh, Quyt nh, Ch th ca c tnh php l, nhng vn bn ny c lut
ha nhm QLNN i vi dch v logistics ni chung v dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng ni ring. (bng 2.6)
Cng tc ban hnh lut php, v hng dn ca cc c quan QLNN i vi
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng c cc cp QLNN c bit quan tm
c th hin thng qua:
Bng 2.6. Cc quy nh php lut lin quan n QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng
S vn bn
32/NQ-TW
36/2005/QH11
40/2005/QH11
60/2005/QH11
71/2006/N-CP
09/NQ-TW
115/2007/N-CP

140/2007/N-CP
73/2007/N-CP
87/2007/N-CP

Ni dung

Ngy ban hnh

Ngh quyt ca B Chnh tr IX "V xy dng v

pht trin thnh ph Hi Phng trong thi k 05/8/ 2003
cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc".
Lut Thng mi
14/06/2005
B lut Hng hi nc Cng ha x hi ch
ngha Vit Nam
Lut Doanh nghip
Ngh nh v qun l cng bin v lung hng
hi
Ngh quyt ca BCH Trung ng ng, kha X
V chin lc bin Vit Nam n nm 2020
Ngh nh v iu kin kinh doanh dch v vn ti
bin
Ngh nh ca Chnh ph Quy nh chi tit Lut
Thng mi v iu kin kinh doanh dch v
logistic v gii hn trch nhim i vi thng nhn
kinh doanh dch v logistic
Ngh nh v t chc v hot ng ca hoa tiu
hng hi
Ngh nh v th tc hi quan in t vi nhiu
ci cch trong th tc hi quan
Ngun: Tng hp ca tc gi t cc vn bn php quy

14/06/2005
29/11/2005
25/07/2006
09/02/2007
05/7/2007

05/9/2007
28/11/2007
23/07/2012

89

Ngh quyt s 32/NQ-TW ca B Chnh tr ngy 05/08/2003. Ch r:

Hi Phng l thnh ph cng lu i, nm v tr trung tm duyn hi Bc B, l

chn cho Th H Ni, l u mi giao thng quan trng v ca chnh ra bin
ca cc tnh pha Bc, giao lu thun li vi cc a phng trong nc v quc
t; Tp trung xy dng v pht trin Hi Phng thc s tr thnh mt thnh
ph cng, c nn sn xut cng nghip hin i; mt cc tng trng quan trng
ca vng kinh t ng lc Bc B; mt trong nhng trung tm cng nghip,
thng mi ln ca c nc,trung tm dch v, du lch, thu sn, gio dc, y t,
vn ha, th dc th thao ca vng duyn hi Bc B; Cng v l dch v
logistics cng Hi phng c cc cp QLNN c bit quan tm m qun l v
m trc tip l B Giao thng Vn ti.
-

Ngh quyt s 09/NQ-TW ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng, kho

X V chin lc bin Vit Nam n nm 2020 ni dung ca ngh quyt ny l

nh hng cho QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
-

Cc b lut bao gm: Lut Thng mi s 36/2005/QH11 ngy

14/06/2005. Lut ny quy nh v hot ng thng mi. Trong ti mc 4

dch v logistics ch r nh ngha v dch v logistics; iu kin kinh doanh
dch v logistics; Quyn v ngha v ca thng nhn kinh doanh dch v
logistics; Quyn v ngha v ca khch hng; Cc trng hp min trch nhim
i vi thng nhn kinh doanh dch v logistics; Gii hn trch nhim; Quyn
cm gi v nh ot hng ho; Ngha v ca thng nhn kinh doanh dch v
logistics khi cm gi hng ho. B lut Hng hi nc Cng ha x hi ch
ngha Vit Nam s 40/2005/QH11 ngy 14/06/2005. B lut ny quy nh v
hot ng hng hi, bao gm cc quy nh v tu bin, thuyn b, cng bin,
lung hng hi, vn ti bin, an ton hng hi, an ninh hng hi, phng nga
nhim mi trng v cc hot ng khc lin quan n vic s dng tu bin vo
mc ch kinh t, vn ha, x hi, th thao, cng v v nghin cu khoa hc.
Lut Doanh nghip s 60/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005. Lut ny quy nh v vic
thnh lp, t chc qun l v hot ng ca cng ty trch nhim hu hn, cng

90

ty c phn, cng ty hp danh v doanh nghip t nhn thuc mi thnh phn

kinh t (sau y gi chung l doanh nghip); quy nh v nhm cng ty . Cc B
lut to c hnh lang php l cho hot ng ca cc doanh nghip dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng c iu kin hnh thnh, hot ng v pht trin trong
thi k m ca ca nn kinh t, cho vic qun l cc i tu, cng bin, lung
hng hi, vn ti bin v cc hot ng nh hng ti hng hi. Gip cho cc
doanh nghip c c s php l hot ng trong lnh vc kinh doanh ni chung
v trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin ni ring.
Dch v logistics ch mi c cng nhn l hnh vi thng mi trong Lut
Thng mi sa i nm 2006. Ngh nh 140/2007/CP-N ngy 05/9/2007 ca
Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh Lut Thng mi v iu kin kinh doanh
dch v logistics v gii hn trch nhim i vi doanh nhn kinh doanh dch v
logistics ch mi c ban hnh thng 9/2007. Cc vn bn php l ny vn cn
s si cha th hin ht hnh lang php l dch v logistics tht s pht trin
v cng cha c th cho dch v logistics cng bin. Ngay c vic thi hnh lut
cnh tranh trong lnh vc ny cng khng c ch trng, bi hin c qu nhiu
biu hin ca vic kinh doanh khng lnh mnh cha c x l trit . Bn
cnh , cc hip hi nh Hip hi Cng bin, Hip hi i l v Mi gii hng
hi, Hip hi Cc ch tu, Hip hi Giao nhn kho vn nhn chung vn mang
tnh hnh thc m cha pht huy c vai tr vn c ca mnh l to cu ni
gia cc doanh nghip thnh vin thnh mt th thng nht ca hip hi.
Thc t cho thy, khung th ch v php lut v logistics iu chnh cc
hot ng logistics mc d tng i y , gn y c b sung nhiu vn bn
quy phm php lut c tnh cht nh hng nh quy hoch, chin lc pht
trin lin quan n ngnh dch v logistics cho cc thi k 2020, tm nhn 2030,
nhng qua thi gian hi nhp khu vc v quc t mt s quy nh php lut v
logistics hin nay khng cn ph hp vi cc nh ch cn thit trong lnh
vc logistics quc t t cha to th trng dch v logistics minh bch, cnh
tranh lnh mnh, to iu kin pht trin bn vng. Nguyn nhn ca tnh hnh

91

trn mt phn ln do thiu u mi qun l thng nht i vi dch v logistics

cng Hi Phng v chm c th ch ha, cp nhp ha cc chnh sch cho ph
hp vi xu th pht trin ca nn kinh t Vit Nam ni ring cng nh nn kinh
t th gii ni chung.
Bn cnh , cc hnh lang php l, cc quy nh, chnh sch thc hin
cam kt WTO ng thi to cc thun li thng mi cho cc doanh nghip
trong nc hot ng v pht trin ngnh ngh. Chnh ph ban hnh cc Ngh
nh m ng cho ngnh logistics Vit nam nh N 140/2007/N-CP ngy
05/9/2007 ca Chnh ph chi tit Lut Thng mi 2005 v iu kin kinh doanh
dch v logistics, N 115/2007/N-CP ngy 05/7/2007 ca Chnh ph v iu
kin kinh doanh dch v vn ti bin. Ngh nh 71/2006/N-CP ngy 25/07/2006
v qun l cng bin v lung hng hi. Ngh nh 73/2007/N-CP ngy
28/11/2007 v t chc v hot ng ca hoa tiu hng hi. Nm 2009 c Ngh
nh 87/2009 /N-CP ngy 09/10/2009 v vn ti a phng thc. Cng trong
nm 2009 v cc nm tip theo, Chnh ph ban hnh hng lot cc quyt nh v
qui hoch giao thng vn ti, cng bin, ng st, ng thy, hng
khngn nm 2020 v tm nhn 2030. Hin nay, Lut Hi quan cng ang
trong qu trnh sa i theo hng to thun li thng mi v logistics cng
nh ph hp thng l quc t v khu vc.
Theo kinh nghim t Nht Bn l mt trong nhng quc gia trn th gii c
chi ph dch v logistics rt thp, (ch khong 10%/GDP). iu ny gp phn
lm tng nng lc cnh tranh ton cu ca nc Nht. Cc hot ng logistics
c quy nh rt c th thng qua cc lut ngnh giao nhn vn ti hng ha,
lut vn ti bng t, lut kinh doanh kho bi Theo , cc lut quy nh rt
cht ch: gia nhp ngnh giao nhn vn ti hng ha, ngoi nhng th tc
ng k kinh doanh, cc doanh nghip Nht cn phi c k hoch kinh doanh
thch hp (k hp ng y thc vn ti thch hp), k hoch dch v gom giao
hng thch hp, c kh nng theo ui ngnh ngh c chng minh bng nh
xng, ti sn c bnKhi iu kin hot ng, cc doanh nghip phi

92

tun th nghim ngt nhng quy tc c bn ca lut quy nh.

Nh vy, cng tc ban hnh lut php, v hng dn ca cc c quan
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng c h thng nhng vn bn
v cn bn l th ch php lut nhm quy nh cho cc hot ng nhng cn ph
thuc vo cc chnh sch ca cc c quan QLNN trong vic iu hnh n c
th hin trong vic nh hng ca Nh nc.
2.2.2.2 nh hng v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng qua
xy dng v trin khai thc hin chin lc, k hoch
Th nht, nh hng ca Chnh ph v QLNN i vi dch v logistics

cng Hi Phng
H thng vn bn xy dng chnh sch, chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch
pht trin dch v logistics cng bin ca chnh ph. Cc ch th, quyt nh ca
chnh ph khng nh s quan tm v nh hng cho s hon thin v nng
cao vai tr QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. (Xem ph lc 7)
- Quyt nh s 178/2002/Q-TTG ca Th tng Chnh ph Quyt nh
ny cho php thc hin th im ci cch th tc hnh chnh i vi tu thuyn,
tr tu qun s v tu bin chy bng nng lng nguyn t ca nc ngoi, tu
ca lc lng v trang Vit Nam phc v mc ch an ninh, quc phng v cc
loi tu cng v nh nc khc ra, vo ti cc cng bin thuc khu vc tnh B
Ra - Vng Tu, tnh Qung Ninh, thnh ph Nng v thnh ph Hi Phng.
Ngoi ra, cn c cc vn bn php l khc nh: Ngh nh s 50/2008/N-CP
ngy 21/4/2008 ca Chnh ph v qun l, bo v an ninh, trt t ti ca khu
cng bin; Quy ch phi hp s 3527/QC-CHHVN-BTLBP ngy 08/10/2013
gia Cc Hng hi Vit Nam v B T lnh B i Bin phng trong vic thc
hin chc nng QLNN v hng hi v bin phng Gip cho vic nh hng
v ci cch th tc hnh chnh theo c ch mt ca to l nh hng thun li
cho QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
-

Quyt nh s 27/2007/Q-TTg ngy 15/02/2007 ca Th tng Chnh

ph. Quyt nh ny th hin r mc tiu ca Chnh ph hng ti pht trin

93

thng mi trong nc ph hp vi cc quy lut khch quan ca nn kinh t th

trng, bo m quyn t ch, t do kinh doanh v cnh tranh bnh ng gia
cc ch th trong mi trng php l ngy cng hon thin v c s iu tit v
m ca Nh nc. ng gp hnh lang php l cho pht trin thng mi ni
chung v cho QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ni ring.
-

Cc Quyt nh: Quyt nh s 271/2006/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh

ph. Quyt nh ny c th ha mt s ch tiu cho ngnh dch v ca thnh

ph Hi Phng. Quyt nh 2190/2009/Q-TTg ca Th Tng Chnh ph
Quyt nh ny c th ha mt s quan im v mc tiu pht trin quy hoch
pht trin h thng cng bin Vit Nam n nm 2020, nh hng n 2030.
Quyt nh 169/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph. Quyt nh ny xc nh
r mc tiu chung l pht trin dch v logistics trong lnh vc giao thng vn ti
nhm nng cao hiu qu kinh t trong hot ng giao thng vn ti; gp phn
thc hin thnh cng Chin lc bin Vit Nam n nm 2020. Quyt nh
175/Q-TTg ngy 27/01/2011 ca Th tng Chnh ph. Quyt nh ny, hng
nm cc b ngnh ban hnh nhiu vn bn nhm hng dn, iu chnh, gim
bt cc th tc phin h, thc y cc hot ng ngnh logistics v dch v
logistics. Quyt nh s 950/Q/TTg ngy 25/07/2012 ca Th tng Chnh ph
trong cp y nhanh x hi ha dch v logistics, u t kho tng ti cng
bin ln, cc im thng quan, quy hoch h thng logistics trn c nc,
nng cao th phn vn chuyn hng ha ca cc doanh nghip Vit nam. y l
cc quyt nh nhm nh hng c th cho QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng
Ni chung, cc Quyt nh ca Chnh ph vch ra ng li chnh sch
cho cc c quan QLNN mc tiu c th trong vic pht trin dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng song vn ch mang tnh nh hng m thiu s c th, thc
hin tt cng tc QLNN theo nh hng ca chnh ph cn phi i hi cc cp
b ngnh c s ch o c th.
Th hai, nh hng ca B Cng thng v QLNN i vi dch v logistics

94

cng Hi Phng
Ngh quyt s 01/2007/NQ-QH12 K hp th nht Quc hi kho XII,
ngy 31 thng 7 nm 2007 hp nht B Cng nghip vi B Thng mi thnh
B Cng Thng. Theo QLNN i vi dch v logistics ni chung v dch v
logistics i vi cng Hi Phng ni ring chu s QLNN ca B Cng Thng.
B Cng Thng c cc chnh sch nhm nh hng cho s pht trin i
vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng c th bng cc vn bn. (Xem ph lc 8)
Quyt nh 7052/Q-BCT ngy 31/12/2010 ca B Cng Thng, nh
hng cho kinh t Hi Phng nm trong nh hng pht trin kinh t nhm kt
ni vng kinh t Lng Sn - H Ni - Hi Phng -Qung Ninh vi trung Quc v
cc nc ASEAN. Quyt nh 1856/Q-BCT ngy 19/04/2011 ca B Cng
Thng ban hnh K hoch v cc gii php iu hnh xut nhp khu nm
2011 v thi gian ti ca B Cng Thng nhm y mnh cng tc iu hnh
xut nhp khu. Quyt nh 3098/Q-BCT ngy 24/06/2011 ca B cng
Thng ph duyt Quy hoch tng th pht trin thng mi Vit Nam giai on
2011 - 2020 v nh hng n nm 2030. Quyt nh nhm a ra nh hng
pht trin thng mi gn lin vi qui m, trnh pht trin sn xut trong
nc trong thi k thc hin cng nghip ho, hin i ho v tham gia hi nhp
kinh t khu vc v th gii trong giai on 20112020, tm nhn n 2030.
Ngoi ra B Cng Thng cn c cc ch th, quyt inh: Quyt nh
889/Q-BCT ngy 29/02/2012 ca B Cng Thng v vic ph duyt Chng
trnh theo di thi hnh php lut nm 2012. nh gi thc trng cc iu kin
thi hnh vn bn quy phm php lut trong lnh vc cng nghip v thng mi
trn c 02 phng din: ni dung vn bn v cc iu kin m bo cho vic
thc thi php lut trn thc t . Trn c s , kin ngh cc phng n sa i,
b sung ban hnh mi vn bn nhm hon thin h thng vn bn quy phm
php lut v hon thin c ch h tr iu kin bo m thi hnh php lut v
cng nghip v thng mi. Ch th 12/CT-BCT ngy 09/08/2012 ca B Cng
Thng v vic trin khai thc hin Quyt nh s 808/Q-TTg ngy 29 thng 6

95

nm 2012 v Chng trnh hnh ng thc hin Chin lc tng th pht trin
khu vc dch v ca Vit Nam n nm 2020. Cc quyt nh 5047/Q-BCT
ngy 30/08/2012 ca B Cng Thng ban hnh K hoch ca ngnh Cng
Thng trin khai Chng trnh hnh ng thc hin Chin lc xut nhp khu
hng ha thi k 2011-2020, nh hng n nm 2030 hay quyt nh
5540/Q-BCT ngy 06/08/2013 ca B Cng Thng v vic ph duyt Chin
lc pht trin khoa hc v cng ngh ngnh Cng Thng giai on 2011
2020. i hi thnh ph Hi Phng m c quan QLNN trc tip l S Cng
Thng Hi Phng phi vn dng vi tnh hnh c th ca cng Hi Phng c
nh hng c th.
Ni chung, cc vn bn ca B Cng Thng tp trung ch yu gii quyt
cc vn chung mang tnh nh hng ngnh, cc vn bn cha c s c th
ha trong vic iu hnh i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
Th ba, nh hng ca B Giao thng vn ti i vi dch v logistics

cng Hi Phng hng nm

Theo Ngh nh s 107/2012/NQ-CP ngy 20/12/2012 ca chnh ph quy
nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca b Giao thng vn
ti. Theo B Giao thng vn ti c nhim v QLNN i vi ton b h thng
giao thng trn c nc.
nh hng pht trin ca b Giao thng Vn ti quyt nh trc tip ti
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng c thc hin thng qua cc
cc thng t, quyt nh, thng bo ca b Giao thng Vn ti. (Xem ph lc 9)
Thng t 10/2007/TT-BGTVT ngy 06/08/2007 ca B Giao thng vn ti
hng dn thc hin Ngh nh s 71/2006/N-CP ngy 25/7/2006 ca Chnh
ph c th ha cc quy nh v qun l cng bin v lung hng hi c b
sung bng thng t 10/2013/TT-BGTVT ngy 08/05/2013 ca B Giao thng
vn ti . Thng t 31/2010/TT-BGTVT ngy 01/10/2010 ca B Giao thng vn
ti quy nh c th vng nc cng bin thuc a phn thnh ph Hi Phng
v khu vc qun l ca Cng v hng hi Hi Phng c sa i b sung bng

96

Thng t 50/2013/TT-BGTVT ngy 29/08/2013. Thng bo s 402/TB-BGTVT

ngy 18/10/2011 thng bo kt lun ca Th trng Nguyn Hng Trng ti
cuc hp xut c ch thc hin no vt duy tu tuyn lung hng hi Hi
Phng c hp php ha bng Thng t 25/2013/TT-BGTVT ngy 16/12/2013
ca B Giao thng vn ti ca B Giao thng vn ti quy nh c th v trnh
t, th tc thc hin no vt lung hng hi, khu nc, vng nc trong vng
nc cng bin. B Giao thng vn ti cn c Quyt nh 1741 /Q-BGTVT
ngy 03/08/2011 ph duyt Quy hoch chi tit nhm cng bin pha Bc (Nhm
1) n nm 2020, nh hng n nm 2030
Nh vy, Nh nc kp thi v thng xuyn c s iu chnh i vi
hot ng kinh t ni chung v i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ni
ring thng qua B Giao thng vn ti, gip cho cng Hi Phng pht trin theo
nh hng ng thi xc nh chin lc ng n cho s pht trin ca mnh.
B Giao thng Vn ti ban hnh mt s cc vn bn nhm iu hnh dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng. Song cc vn bn trin khai thc hin cn chm,
thiu tnh thi s v cn gp nhiu kh khn trong vic thc hin do thiu ti
chnh, kh khn vng mc trong vic gii phng mt bng pht trin c s h
tng, trong vic chp hnh cc quy nh v giao thng, cha c mt n v qun
l thng nht...lm gim s lin kt trong hot ng gy lng ph, lm tng chi
ph, gim hiu qu trong sn xut kinh doanh, km hm s pht trin i ln ca
cng Hi Phng tr thnh trung tm dch v logistics cng bin ln ca t
nc v khu vc. i hi B Giao thng vn ti phi l B tham mu cho Chnh
ph thnh lp c quan ch qun cho pht trin dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng c mt c quan QLNN thc hin chc nng QLNN nhm gip cho
cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng c s lnh o ng
hng pht trin tr thnh trung tm logistics ngang tm khu vc.
Tm li, cng tc nh hng v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng qua xy dng v trin khai thc hin chin lc, k hoch c
cc cp QLNN trin khai tng i ng b. Song cn nh hng c th v cp

97

thit nht l s tp trung vo mt c quan ch qun m QLNN i vi dch v

cng Hi Phng cha c c quan ch qun tp trung. Do nc ta cha c c
quan ch qun tp trung u mi qun l v cha c th tc hnh chnh mt ca
cho ngnh ny nn nhng doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v logistics phi chu
s qun l chng cho ca rt nhiu c quan qun l khc nhau. Chng hn, cc
dch v h tr khch hng, mua sm u thu phi xin giy php B Cng
thng, qun l hng tn kho, x l vic tr li hng phi thng qua B Ti
nguyn mi trng... Thm ch, mt cng vic cng lc phi xin giy php ti 3
- 4 ngnh khc nhau nh: chn a im cho cc phng tin h tr, xp hng
vo kho, lu kho phi xin php B Ti chnh, B Cng thng, B Ti
nguyn - Mi trng, B K hoch u t...c bit l nc ta cha c th ch,
thc y v nng cao hiu qu ngnh dch v giao nhn, trong c dch v 3PL
nh cc nc trn th gii. y chnh l nhng nguyn nhn khin chi ph dch
v logistics cn rt cao (khong 25% GDP) v doanh nghip dch v logistics
thiu i s cnh tranh. Mt khc h thng vn bn ch yu gip cho vic nh
hng chung i vi ngnh v a phng ch cha c cc vn bn c th cho
dch v logistics cng bin. Cc doanh nghip kinh doanh ngnh logistics cn
gp rt nhiu kh khn trong hot ng do quy nh v php lut khng r rng,
cc th tc hnh chnh cha to thun li hoc thiu cht ch, to nn tnh trng
manh mn, trn lan. V vy c mt c quan ch qun v QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng l mt nhu cu bc thit.
2.2.2.3 Ch o thc hin trong cng tc QLNN i vi s pht trin dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng ph hp tin trnh hi nhp quc t
Vit Nam ngay t khi gia nhp WTO (11/ 1/2007) Vi vic Vit Nam thc
hin cc cam kt v t do ho dch v Logistics trong WTO v Hi nhp
ASEAN v Logistics theo l trnh 4 bc n nm 2014 l: (1) T do ho
thng mi, d b ro cn thu; (2) To c hi cho doanh nghip trong lnh vc
Logistics; (3) Nng cao nng lc qun l Logistics v (4) Pht trin ngun nhn
lc. Bi cnh t ra nhiu c hi v thch thc cho cng tc QLNN i vi

98

dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. Trc ht l c hi dch v logistics

cng Hi Phng tip cn c th trng dch v logistics rng ln hn vi
nhng u i thng mi thc y tiu th sn phm, dch v; pht huy li
th a l - chnh tr trong pht trin c s h tng logistics nh pht trin cng
nc su, cc trung tm dch v logistics; Hi nhp logistics to c hi cho dch
v logistics cng Hi Phng pht trin quan h i tc, th trng xut khu
c m rng, gp phn c cu li thnh phn kinh t v i mi m hnh tng
trng... Bn cnh , trn con ng thc hin mc tiu hi nhp ngnh
logistics, dch v logistics cng Hi Phng cng ang i mt vi nhiu thch
thc nh: C s h tng cho hot ng dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ngho
nn v thiu ng b, hn ch n s pht trin, dn n chi ph dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng cn cao hn nhiu so vi cc cng bin ca cc nc; Doanh
nghip dch v logistics quy m nh, hot ng manh mn v thiu tnh chuyn
nghip; Thiu ht ngun nhn lc c o to bi bn v c trnh qun l
dch v logistics; Mi trng php l cn nhiu bt cp, s khc bit v h thng
lut php, thng quan hng ho v cc th tc hnh chnh l nhng thch thc
i vi nc ta trong hi nhp v dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. i hi
phi c s ch o thc hin QLNN i vi s pht trin dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng ph hp tin trnh hi nhp quc t.
Trc thc trng ny, nm 2011, Chnh ph ban hnh Quyt nh s
175/Q-TTg ngy 27/1/2011 ph duyt chin lc pht trin tng th khu vc
dch v ca Vit Nam n nm 2020 v nu r coi logistics l yu t then
cht thc y pht trin sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v v lu thng hng ha.
iu ny cho thy, vic pht trin dch v logistics v ngun nhn lc dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng tr thnh chng trnh cp quc gia. Chnh ph
ban hnh cc quy nh, chnh sch to iu kin thun li thng mi cho cc
doanh nghip dch v logistics cng Hi Phng hot ng v pht trin ngnh
ngh nh Ngh nh 140/2007/N-CP chi tit Lut Thng mi 2005 v iu
kin kinh doanh dch v logistics; Ngh nh 115/2007/N-CP v iu kin kinh

99

doanh dch v vn ti bin; Ngh nh 87/2009/N-CP v vn ti a phng

thc K t nm 2009, hng nm Chnh ph u ban hnh hng lot cc quyt
nh v quy hoch giao thng vn ti, cng bin, ng st, ng thu v hng
khng n nm 2020 tm nhn 2030. Gn y, Chnh ph lin tc cp vic
y nhanh x hi ho dch v logistics, u t kho hng ln cho dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng, cc a im thng quan, quy hoch h thng dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng, nng cao th phn vn chuyn hng ho ca cc
doanh nghip Vit Nam ni chung v doanh nghip dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng ni ring.
V mt lut php iu chnh cc hot ng dch v logistics ti Vit Nam
hin nay tng i y , ngoi quy nh Dch v logistics (8 iu trong Lut
Thng mi 2005), cn c cc lut khc nh Lut Hng hi, Lut Hng Khng
Dn dng, Lut Giao thng ng b, Lut ng st), cc vn bn quy
phm php lut c tnh cht nh hng nh quy hoch, chin lc pht
trin lin quan n ngnh dch v logistics cho cc thi k 2020, tm nhn 2030
ngy cng hon chnh, tuy vy, qua thi gian hi nhp khu vc v quc t mt s
cc quy nh php lut v logistics hin nay khng cn ph hp, thiu cp
nht cc nh ch cn thit trong lnh vc logistics quc t cha to th trng
dch v logistics minh bch, cnh tranh lnh mnh, to iu kin pht trin bn
vng. Tuy logistics c xem l yu t then cht pht trin sn xut, thc y
pht trin cc ngnh dch v khc (Q 175/Q-TT ngy 27/1/2011 ), nhng n
nay cha c qun l vo mt u mi thng nht, cha c v tr tng xng
trong b my t chc ca B Giao thng vn ti cng nh B Cng thng. y
l mt trong nhng kh khn rt ln lm nh hng ti s pht trin ca ngnh
dch v logistics ca Vit Nam ni chung v i vi dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng ni ring. S khng thng nht trong quy nh v c quan QLNN c thm
quyn lin quan n hot ng qun l nh nc i vi dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng, c th th d ti Ngh nh 87/2009/N-CP v Ngh nh
89/2011/N-CP (sa i Ngh nh 87/2009/N-CP), B Giao thng Vn ti

100

c quy nh l c quan cp giy php kinh doanh vn ti a phng thc mt hot ng quan trng ca dch v logistics, trong khi theo quy nh ca Lut
Thng mi, 2005, B Cng thng l c quan QLNN v logistics v vic ng
k kinh doanh logistics li do cc S K hoch & u t thc hin. V iu kin
ng k kinh doanh dch v logistics v kinh doanh vn ti a phng thc cn
cha thng nht, vic kim tra sau khi cp php hot ng cn bung lng.
i hi cc c quan QLNN phi c s ch o tp trung thng nht vo mt u
mi gip cho vic ch o thc hin v QLNN i vi s pht trin dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng ph hp tin trnh hi nhp quc t
2.2.2.4 Cng tc kim tra, thanh tra, gim st qu trnh QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng
Cng tc hng dn thanh tra vic thc hin chnh sch, quy hoch, k
hoch pht trin dch v logistics cng bin; x l vi phm php lut; t chc
u tranh vi cc hnh vi vi phm php lut trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng
bin v ang c quan tm. Cc c quan QLNN xy dng mt s vn bn
nhm tng tnh php quy cho cng tc kim tra, gim st song vn ch yu da

trn s qun l ca thnh ph Hi Phng v CVHHHP l t chc QLNN trc

tip i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. (Xem ph lc 10)
Chnh v vy vic qun l i vi hot ng ca cc doanh nghip vn cn
nhiu bt cp, thiu su st, c th, cn khng t doanh nghip sn xut kinh
doanh thua l, cm chng nh hng ti s pht trin chung ca ngnh. Mt vi
tp on xy ra tiu cc ln (nh tp on VINASHIN, VINALINES) nh
hng khng nh n QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
T nm 2007 n u nm 2013, hot ng kim tra, thanh tra, gim st ch
yu tp trung vo chp hnh php lut v m bo an ton, cng tc thanh tra
chuyn mn, thc hin cc nhim v c th. Qu trnh thc thi php lut v qun l
kinh t v thc hin cc quy tc chun mc cha tun th nghim tc, cn vi phm
quy nh trong hot ng qun l kinh t, cha chp hnh ng quy nh ca php
lut, cha tun th v php l ca mt s doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc

101

dch v logistics cng Hi Phng nh cc tp on VINASHIN, VINALINES,..

cho thy tng cng cng tc kim tra, thanh tra, gim st trong QLNN i vi dch
v logistics cng Hi Phng l yu cu cp thit.

2.2.2.5 V cng tc t chc thu thp, x l, cung cp thng tin d bo v nh

hng v th trng trong v ngoi nc i vi dch v logistics cng bin, to
lp mi trng cho s pht trin i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
Vi h thng vn bn QLNN nh th hin nu trn cho thy ng,
Nh nc, Chnh ph v cc b ngnh xy dng v to iu kin cho dch v
logistics cng Hi phng c mt mi trng thng thong cho s pht trin.
Song vn cn c nhng bt cp nht nh. H tng cng ngh thng tin cha h
tr hiu qu lm cho chi ph dch v logistics cng kh cao, iu ny lm gim
kh nng cnh tranh cho cc doanh nghip dch v logistics cng bin.
Cc doanh nghip dch v logistics cng Hi Phng cha c nh nc
u tin quan tm bng cc chnh sch nn yu v ti chnh, nhn s, t chc
mng li ton cu, h thng thng tin, tnh lin kt
H thng lung hng hi ca cng Hi Phng vn d cht hp li cng
kh khn hn v lun lun tim n nguy c va qut gy tai nn giao thng trn
lung. Do s chng ln gia 2 h thng vn ti bin v h thng vn ti thy
ni a i hi phi cc cp QLNN phi u t nghin cu ng dng cng ngh
thng tin nhm gim thiu cc tiu cc v nng cao hiu qu trong vic iu
phi tu ra vo cng hp l tng hiu qu dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
Cha c s u t nng cp h thng ng st quc gia kt ni cng Hi
Phng vi h thng trn c nc theo hng nng cp v in kh ha, cng vi
ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong vic iu hnh, phi hp vi h thng dch
v logistics cng Hi Phng nhm tn dng ti a nng lc vn chuyn ca h
thng ng st, vn ny cng phi c u t nghin cu c nh hng
cho QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
i tu ca cc cng ty cn lc hu v tui th trung bnh cao, lng tu c
trng ti ln cha p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng ca th trng, ph thuc qu

102

nhiu vo i tu nc ngoi nn gi cc vn chuyn cao, cha ch ng iu

phi tu theo nhu cu th trng. Cng vi s yu km ca i ng lnh o lm
cho nng lc cnh tranh gim, cn c s kim tra gim st cht ch ca nh nc
to mi trng kinh doanh n nh trong ngnh. Cha c nhng tc ng n s
kt hp cht ch gia nh vn chuyn, cng ty giao nhn v cc cng ty bo
him nn dch v cung cp cha ng b lm cho gi thnh cn cao.
Nh vy, vic to lp mi trng kinh doanh cho dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng c quan tm song vn cn nhiu bt cp, cn phi c s c th
i vi cc cp QLNN cho vn ny.
2.2.2.6 T chc cng tc nghin cu khoa hc v o to nhn lc.
Cng tc o to v xy dng i ng cn b hot ng trong lnh vc dch
v logistics cng bin. i vi cng tc ny cng Hi Phng c h tr bi mt
trung tm o to ln ca vng duyn hi Bc b vi ngun lc tri thc phong
ph, kh nng to ngun nhn lc mi nhanh chng. Mt s trng i hc gn
vi cng Hi Phng a ngnh dch v logistics vo chng trnh ging dy,
nh i hc Hng Hi Vit Nam, i hc Giao thng vn ti, i hc Ngoi
thng, i hc Kinh t quc dn, i hc FPT... ngoi ra cn c 11 trng i
hc v cao ng, 09 trng trung hc trn a bn thnh ph Hi Phng l cc c
s o to gp phn khng nh cho vic b sung ngun nhn lc ng gp ng
k cho QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
C th ni cc trng o to p ng c khi lng nhn s cho
qun l song p ng v cht lng lm vic ca i ng nhn s vn cn l
mt vn cn phi gii quyt, a phn cc hc sinh sinh vin c o to sau
khi ra trng ch mi c trang b v mt l thuyt thiu thc t i hi cc c
quan s dng phi o to li. Mt khc cc trng mi ch o to cn b qun
l cho nn dn n thiu cn b, nhn vin k thut v nghip v i hi phi c
nh hng thch hp v cng tc o to ngun nhn lc ca cc cp QLNN
nhm p ng yu cu cho dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.

103

Bng 2.7. Tnh hnh o to chuyn mn logistics ti Hi Phng

Din gii

2008 - 2009

2009 - 2010

2010 2011

12

12

Ging vin

2.075

2.476

2.540

Sinh vin

52.747

60.734

71.326

Sinh vin ngnh kinh t

22.681

27.330

33.166

Sinh vin ngnh logistics

7.144

10.658

13.598

Gio vin

180

269

289

Hc sinh

14.150

14.613

11.062

Hc sinh ngnh vn ti

1.981

2.776

2.323

i hc, cao ng
Trng

Trung hc
Trng

Ngun:Nin gim thng k thnh ph Hi Phng qua cc nm

2.2.3 Qun l ca thnh ph Hi Phng

Trn c s cc vn bn php lut ca Trung ng v Chnh ph, cc thng
t, quyt nh ca cc B lin quan, chnh quyn thnh ph Hi Phng c th
ha di hnh thc cc ngh quyt, quyt nh v hot ng kinh doanh logistics
cng Hi Phng. Giai on 2007-2013, mt s vn bn quan trng cho hot
ng dch v logistics cng Hi Phng c tng hp Bng 2.8.
-

Ngh quyt s 01/2009/NQ-HND ca HND thnh ph Hi Phng.

Ngh quyt ny nhn mnh: Hi Phng l thnh ph Cng, l ca chnh ra

bin ca vng chu th sng Hng v cc tnh pha Bc, c tim nng a dng,
phong ph pht trin kinh t bin, l cc tng trng ca vng kinh t trng
im Bc B, c v tr chin lc, ng vai tr c bit quan trng pht trin
vng kinh t trng im Bc B v min Bc, trong hp tc hai hnh lang mt
vnh ai kinh t gia Vit Nam v Trung Quc v hi nhp vi khu vc, quc t.

104

Vng bin v di ven bin thnh ph c v tr c bit v quc phng - an ninh.

T nay n trc nm 2020 xc nh 06 lnh vc kinh t bin trng tm theo th
t u tin nh sau: (1) Pht trin h thng cng, dch v hng hi, vn ti bin;
(2) Xy dng khu kinh t, cc khu cng nghip, cc khu th ven bin; (3) Cng
nghip ng mi, sa cha tu thu v phng tin ni; (4) Kinh t thu sn; (5)
Du lch bin. (6) Pht trin cc huyn o.
Bng 2.8. Mt s vn bn ca TP Hi Phng lin quan n cng tc QLNN
i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
S vn bn
01/2009/NQHND
2217/QUBND

1934/QUBND

21/2013/NQHND

Ni dung

Ngy ban
hnh

Ngh quyt ca HND thnh ph Hi Phng, kha

XIII v pht trin kinh t bin thnh ph Hi Phng 29/4/2009
n nm 2015, nh hng n nm 2020.
Quyt nh ca UBND thnh ph Hi Phng v vic
ph duyt n Quy hoch pht trin cc ngnh 21/12/2010
dch v thnh ph Hi Phng n nm 2020
Quyt nh ca UBND thnh ph Hi Phng v K
hoch thc hin Ngh quyt s 27-NQ/TU ngy
13/4/2009 ca Ban Thng v Thnh y v Chng
09/11/2012
trnh hnh ng thc hin Ngh quyt Hi ngh ln
th 4 Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng kha X v
Chin lc bin Vit Nam n nm 2020
Ngh quyt ca HND thnh ph Hi Phng, kha
XIV v nhim v v gii php thc hin iu chnh
c cu kinh t, i mi m hnh tng trng, nng
12/12/2013
cao sc cnh tranh nn kinh t thnh ph Hi Phng,
m bo yu cu pht trin nhanh, bn vng n
nm 2020, nh hng n nm 2025.
Ngun: Tng hp ca tc gi t cc vn bn php quy

Ngh quyt s 21/2013/NQ-HND ca HND thnh ph Hi Phng.

Ngh quyt ny xc nh: Pht huy ti a cc ngun lc, li th Hi Phng

tr thnh thnh ph cng xanh, vn minh, hin i, trung tm dch v, cng
nghip ln c sc cnh tranh cao; trng im pht trin kinh t bin ca c nc.
iu chnh c cu kinh t thnh ph theo hng u tin pht trin dch v - cng
nghip kinh t bin, kinh t th hin i, hiu qu, tng trng nhanh, bn

105

vng. Tp trung cc ngnh dch v: Logistics, dch v hng hi, hng khng,
nghin cu thit k, pht minh sang ch, ti chnh - ngn hng, thng mi,
T cc ngh quyt ca Hi ng nhn dn thnh ph Hi Phng. UBND
thnh ph hi phng c cc quyt nh.
Quyt nh s 1934/Q-UBND ca UBND thnh ph Hi Phng quy
nh nhng 9 nhim v c th trong chng trnh hnh ng ca thnh ph n
nm 2020. Quyt nh s 2217/Q-UBND ca UBND thnh ph Hi Phng
xc nh quan im pht trin cc ngnh dch v ca thnh ph gn vi xu th
hi nhp kinh t quc t, trong tp trung pht trin cc ngnh dch v
logistics, dch v phc v pht trin kinh t bin, du lch, ti chnh ngn
hng...V mc tiu phn u xy dng Hi Phng tr thnh mt trong nhng
trung tm kinh t dch v ln mnh, hin i, tng xng vi vai tr ca thnh
ph cng, cng nghip vn minh, hin i, th trung tm cp quc gia, trng
im kinh t bin ca c nc. Xy dng Hi Phng tr thnh mt trung tm
pht trin dch v logistics ca quc gia v khu vc. Tc tng trng trung
bnh dch v logistics giai on 2011 2015 l 15 - 20%, giai on 2016 - 2020 l
20 - 25%. C cu li lc lng doanh nghip dch v logistics theo hng gim
s lng, tng cht lng, phn u n nm 2020 c doanh nghip dch v
logistics t tm c khu vc.
Ngoi ra, Hi Phng l thnh ph duy nht trong khu vc pha Bc c y
cc phng thc vn ti kt ni vi cc khu vc khc trong nc v quc t,
vi h thng ng b, cng bin, ng st, hng khng, ng thy ni a.
Vi cc li th v giao thng vn ti, thnh ph Hi Phng hon ton hi t
iu kin tr thnh mt trung tm logistics ln nht ca khu vc pha Bc.
tn dng v pht huy tim nng ny, thnh ph ang bc u trin khai xy
dng Quy hoch pht trin h thng dch v logistics thnh ph Hi Phng n
nm 2020, nh hng n nm 2025. Vin Chin lc v Pht trin Giao
thng vn ti (B Giao thng vn ti) l n v t vn cho thnh ph trong xy
dng quy hoch. Theo xut, quy hoch v pht trin h thng dch v

106

logistics ca Hi Phng s t trnh quc t, pht trin Hi Phng thnh mt

trung tm dch v logistics ca khu vc v c nc, phc v c hiu qu vic
pht trin kinh t cng bin, thng mi v u t ca thnh ph v ton min
Bc. Trong u tin v khuyn khch u t h tng logistics, tng trng cht
lng ngun nhn lc, c cc c ch h tr doanh nghip logistics ni a
n v t vn xut quy hoch hng ti vic xy dng 4 khu logistics: Khu
trung tm (nm trong khu cng nghip Nam nh V vi quy m 369 ha phc
v ch yu hot ng a, rt hng ca khu bn Lch Huyn), khu pha Bc,
pha Ty v pha Nam thnh ph.
Nhn chung, HND v UBND thnh ph Hi Phng quan tm v ch
o cc hot ng dch v logistics i vi cc doanh nghip, nh vy m hot
ng dch v logistics cng Hi Phng dn n nh v tng bc pht trin.
Song vn cn nhiu bt cp nh vic qun l i vi h thng giao thng cn
chng cho thiu nht qun dn n h thng giao thng cha ng b. Vic
qun l khi thng lung lch ph thuc hon ton vo B Giao thng vn ti
cng nh cc Hng hi Vit Nam, cha thng nht qun l v iu phi hng
ha thng qua h thng vn ti bao gm cng bin, ng sng, ng st,
ng b v ng hng khng m hng ha hon ton cc doanh nghip t
iu tit. Thnh ph Hi Phng cn t chc lin kt cc doanh nghip dch v
logistics vo mt u mi dn hnh thnh trung tm iu phi dch v logistics
gn kt vi Cng v hng hi Hi Phng nhm iu hnh hot ng dch v
logistics cng bin mt cch hiu qu nht. y mnh v to c ch thun li
cho cc doanh nghip lm dch v 3 PL gim chi ph nng cao nng lc cnh
tranh v hiu qu kinh doanh.
2.2.4 Hot ng ca Cng v Hng hi Hi Phng
Cng v Hng hi Hi Phng (CVHHHP) c thnh lp theo Quyt nh
s 598/Q-TCCB-L ngy 06/4/1991 (c gi l Cng v Hi Phng ) trn c
s tch ra t Ty Cng v - Hoa tiu thuc cng Hi Phng thc hin chc

107

nng QLNN v hng hi ti cng bin v vng nc cng bin Hi Phng. Cng
v hng hi Hi Phng, trc thuc Cc Hng hi Vit Nam v l mt trong bn
Cng v u tin c hnh thnh ti thi im . Hn 20 nm qua, vi nhim
v l c quan thc hin chc nng QLNN v hng hi ti cng bin v vng
nc cng bin Hi Phng,
Theo quyt nh s 57/2005/Q-BGTVT ngy 28/10/2005 ca B Giao
thng Vn ti. Quyt nh v t chc v hot ng ca Cng v hng hi theo
, Cng v hng hi Hi Phng trc thuc Cc Hng hi Vit Nam, l c quan
thc hin chc nng QLNN v hng hi ti cng Hi Phng v khu vc qun l
do B trng B giao thng vn ti quyt nh.
Nhim v ca Cng v hng hi Hi Phng bao gm:
Mt l, Xy dng trnh Cc trng Cc hng hi Vit Nam ph duyt k
hoch ti chnh v t chc thc hin k hoch c ph duyt.
Hai l, Xy dng Cc trng Cc hng hi Vit Nam trnh B trng
B Giao thng vn ti ph duyt k hoch bin ch; thc hin tuyn dng, s
dng v qun l cn b, vin chc theo quy nh ca Php lnh Cn b, cng
chc; t chc bi dng chuyn mn nghip v cho cn b, vin chc thuc
quyn qun l.
Ba l, Tuyn truyn, ph bin v kim tra, gim st vic thc hin php lut
v hng hi.
Bn l, Thc hin theo u quyn ca c quan Nh nc c thm quyn
trong vic cho thu qun l khai thc kt cu h tng bn cng c u t bng
ngun vn ngn sch Nh nc hoc c ngun gc t ngn sch Nh nc.
Nm l, Qun l ti sn, ti chnh theo quy nh ca php lut; thc hin ch
thng k, bo co v thc hin cc nhim v, quyn hn khc theo quy nh.
Su l, c quyn trc tip quan h vi t chc, c nhn trong nc v
nc ngoi thc hin chc nng, nhim v c giao.
CVHHHP l c quan QLNN v hng hi ti Hi Phng nhm bo m an
ton hng hi, an ninh hng hi v phng nga nhim mi trng trong khu

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vc qun l, to mi trng hng hi thun li cho hot ng sn xut kinh

doanh ca cc n v, doanh nghip ng trn a bn thnh ph Hi Phng v
cc vng ln cn. thc hin c chc nng ny, CVHHHP tng cng
cng tc tuyn truyn, ph bin php lut hng hi, nhm gim thiu cc vi phm
v tai nn hng hi. Hng nm, CVHHHP t chc cc hi ngh tuyn truyn ph
bin php lut hng hi nhm nng cao nhn thc cho cc i tng qun l v
ngi iu khin phng tin trong vic t gic chp hnh php lut hng hi,
gp phn quan trng lin kt cht ch gia cng Hi Phng vi cc doanh nghip
ng gp tch cc cho hot ng logistics ngy cng hiu qu. thnh lp cc
trm qun l nh V, Cha V, Vt Cch, Ph Rng, Bch Long V, i din
ti Ct Hi p ng yu cu v QLNN v to iu kin thun li cho hot ng
ca cc phng tin, cc doanh nghip hng hi trong chui dch v logistics,
ph hp vi tc tng trng ca khu vc, th hin mt tm nhn chin lc
trong QLNN ca CVHHHP.
i vi cng tc ci cch th tc hnh chnh (CCTTHC), CVHHHP ch
trng to iu kin thun li cho hot ng SXKD ca cc doanh nghip, m
bo an ton, gim thiu tai nn hng hi v c s ng tnh ng h ca cc c
quan, n v lin quan. CVHHHP l mt trong nhng Cng v hng hi tin
phong trong vic phi kt hp cht ch vi cc c quan QLNN chuyn ngnh ti
cng Hi Phng thc hin lm th tc cho tu thuyn ra vo cng theo c ch
mt ca, to thun li cho cc ch tu, ch hng, i l, tit kim ng k thi
gian v chi ph. Chnh nh m s lt tu n khu vc cng bin Hi Phng
tng cao. Nm 2003, c 7.395 lt tu vi s lng hng ha thng qua cng t
11,9 triu tn, th n 2013 s lng tu l trn 17.000 lt vi s lng hng
ha thng cng t ti 55,5 triu tn.
CVHHHP cn phi hp cht ch vi cc c quan QLNN chuyn ngnh ti
cng bin gii quyt kp thi nhng vn lin quan n th tc hnh chnh theo
ng tinh thn Ngh nh s 71/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph v qun l cng
bin v lung hng hi cng vi cc vn bn lin quan, gp phn to mi trng

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thun li cho hot ng hng hi trong khu vc. CVHHHP cng tch cc tham
gia ng gp kin xy dng B lut Hng hi nm 2005 v cc vn bn quy
phm php lut hng hi c lin quan; tham gia xy dng cc quy ch, phng
n m bo an ton hng hi v phng nga nhim mi trng gp phn thc
y hot ng dch v logistics ngy cng hiu qu.
Trong cng tc an ton - an ninh hng hi v phng nga nhim mi
trng, CVHHHP quan tm ng mc c ba mt: Tuyn truyn, ph bin php
lut; kim tra, gim st hot ng hng hi v x l nghim cc hnh vi vi phm.
CVHHHP ch trng n ng dng nhng thnh tu khoa hc cng ngh
(KHCN) vo cng tc qun l iu hnh, ch ng tham gia xy dng v pht
ng nhiu phong tro thi ua y mnh nghin cu ng dng KHCN vo cc
lnh vc qun l v t nhiu kt qu tt. Cng v ng dng thnh cng
cng ngh thng tin (CNTT) trong cng tc ci cch th tc hnh chnh
(CCTTHC), tuyn truyn ph bin php lut v theo di gim st hot ng hng
hi, ch ng xy dng chng trnh, k hoch c th tp trung nghin cu v
ng dng CNTT nhm tng bc thc hin vic khai bo in t nh n ci
cch th tc hnh chnh ti cng bin theo quy nh ti Ngh nh
160/2003/N-CP ca Chnh ph v qun l hot ng hng hi ti cng bin v
khu vc hng hi, sau l Ngh nh s 71/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph v
qun l cng bin v lung hng hi; trin khai thc hin Cng c v to thun
li trong giao thng hng hi quc t nm 1965 (FAL 65) v cc vn bn lin
quan khc y cng l mt trong nhng yu t quan trng trong vic QLNN i
vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ngy cng hiu qu.
CVHHHP hon thnh Website ring nhm tuyn truyn ph bin cc
vn bn, quy nh, thng bo hng hi, hng dn hnh hi an ton kp thi,
hiu qu, gp phn hn ch tai nn, s c hng hi, gim thi gian lm th tc
cp cng v ri cng ca tu tng hiu qu dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
trin khai lp t v vn hnh c hiu qu cc h thng tr gip gim st hot
ng hng hi trong khu vc qun l nh h thng nhn dng t ng AIS ti tr

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s Cng v v ti i din Cng v ti Ct Hi nhm tng cng qun l an ton

hng hi, c bit l qun l an ton trong lung hp, khu vc c mt tu,
thuyn ra vo, neo u ln; lp t trm VTS ti i din Cng v ti Ct Hi
nm 2009. Qua , nng cao nng lc trong cng tc qun l lu thng hng hi,
an ton hng hi cng nh cng tc qun l tu thuyn ra vo cng bin, ng thi
phc v tt hot ng tm kim cu nn ca Cng v, th hin tnh u vit ca cc
thit b h tr trong qun l iu hnh, p ng yu cu ngy cng cao v theo kp
vi s pht trin ca kinh t bin v dch v hng hi,.
Khu vc cng bin Hi Phng trong nhng nm ti s c u t xy
dng vi quy m h thng cng bin bao gm: Cc cu, bn cng ang trong qu
trnh xy dng ti khu cng nghip nh V ; cc cu, bn cng container, bch
ha, xng du ti khu cng nghip Nam nh V. c bit, l Cng ca ng
quc t Hi Phng, c khi cng vo nm 2011 vi chiu di bn s 1,2
(giai on khi ng) l 750 m, lung tu c chiu rng l 160 m, vi su
thit k l -14m ph hp cho tu c trng ti 50.000 DWT ti v 100.000
DWT gim ti ra, vo lm hng; giai on tip theo n 2020 s xy dng vi
quy m 11 bn c tng chiu di l 2.700 m p ng thng qua lng hng l 26
triu tn/nm. Cng ca ng quc t Hi Phng tip nhn tu c trng ti n
100.000 DWT trong tng lai khng xa, s tr thnh hin thc cng l thch
thc v trch nhim nng n i vi cng tc QLNN ca Cng v hng hi Hi
Phng i hi phi c s thay i ton din trong phng thc qun l.
Ngoi nhng vn m CVHHHP t c cn c nhng vn cn
phi u t hon thin p ng cho QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng nh: Vn qun l lung tu bin. Lung tu ca cng Hi Phng
di ti trn 42 km i su vo ca sng. Mi nm cn khong 200 t ng no
vt, duy tu. y l mt khon chi tng i ln. Hin nay ngun kinh ph no
vt lung tu do Nh nc qun l c s dng theo Thng t s 119/2010/TTBTC ngy 18/08/2010 ca B Ti chnh Hng dn v thu, qun l, s dng
ngun thu ph bo m hng hi v c ch ti chnh trong lnh vc cung ng dch

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v cng ch bo m an ton hng hi. Theo vic m bo chi ngn sch

cho cng tc no vt duy tu hot ng ca cng bin c thng sut l trch
nhim ca CVHHHP i hi phi xy dng k hoch no vt v h thng cc
vn bn nhm a cng tc ny vo hot ng thng xuyn duy tr lung
tu, m bo khng sa bi, gim thiu vic h ti nng cao hiu qu v thi
gian trong vn chuyn v bc xp hng ha, y l vn cp thit nh hng
trc tip n QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng m CVHHHP
cha thc hin c. [76] Lung tu ca cng Hi Phng thuc ch nht
triu, mc thy triu mi ngy khc nhau, s l mt s lng ph ti nguyn nu
vi mt su nht nh ca lung, ty theo mc thy triu hng ngy, tn dng
thy triu c th a c tu c c ln hn 10.000 tn vo cng. CVHHHP
cha nghin cu mt chng trnh tn dng thy triu a tu c ln vo mt
s khu vc cng. Nghin cu ny s tit kim c mt phn chi ph no vt lm
tng hiu qu QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
Khu vc lung hng hi ca cng Hi Phng cng chnh l khu vc hot
ng nhn nhp ca h thng vn ti thy ni a. Ngoi s chng ln gia 2
h thng vn ti bin, vn ti thy trong cng mt khu vc ca sng. Cng Hi
Phng cn l im ca ng ca hu ht lu lng vn ti thy kt ni trong
khu vc. V vy, song song vi s tng trng ca lng hng qua cng, hot
ng vn ti ng sng cng tr nn nhn nhp khng km g ng b, c
bit vo cc k cao im. H thng lung hng hi vn d cht hp li cng
kh khn hn v lun lun tim n nguy c va qut gy tai nn giao thng trn
lung m CVHHHP cha c s thng nht qun l vi UBND thnh ph Hi
Phng trong vic xy dng h thng vn bn php lut iu hnh lung hng hi
nhm iu hnh hot ng ca cc phng tin trong lung c thng sut tng
hiu qu hot ng dch v logistics cng bin.
Cng v hng hi Hi Phng v ang tng bc xy dng v khng nh
vai tr ca mt c quan QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
t c vn ny i hi phi c s i mi trong cng tc QLNN khng ch

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ca CVHHHP m cn ca c h thng QLNN.

2.2.5 nh gi v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
2.2.5.1 Nhng thun li
- Cng Hi Phng lun c s quan tm c bit ca ng, Quc hi,
Chnh ph, B Giao thng Vn ti, B Cng Thng v Thnh y, UBND
thnh ph Hi Phng v mi mt. Bng h thng lut php dn i vo n nh v
ngy cng ph hp vi nhng qui nh ca quc t.
- Chnh sch khuyn khch xut khu v u t nc ngoi ca Nh nc v
thnh ph nhm thc y thng mi pht trin. To iu kin cho cc cng ty
giao nhn vn ti m rng th trng cng nh nng cao sn lng khai thc, to
tin c ng lc cho vic pht trin dch v logisstics cng bin.
- Nh nc tin hnh k kt nhiu hip nh song phng v a phng, m
ra nhiu c hi cho cc doanh nghip trong vic tm cc i tc nc ngoi, nht
l cc i tc ln nh Nht Bn, Hn Quc, M v EU.
- Chnh sch kinh t hng ngoi ca chnh ph trong nhng nm gn y
nh tham gia khi ASEAN, APEC, l thnh vin ca WTO s thc y
thng mi hng ha, thu ht u t nc ngoi lm cho lng hng ha thng
qua Vit Nam tng nhanh, gp phn n nh th trng, y mnh hot ng
logistics ti cng Hi Phng.
- Cc d n nng cp, ci to v xy dng mi cng cng nh h thng
ng cao tc Hi Phng Lo Cai Cn Minh, ng vnh ai ven bin,
ng st xuyn , c bit l d n xy dng cng Quc t Lch Huyn.
Cc th ch tip tc cng c, to thun li nh th tc hi quan, ci cch hnh
chnh, y nhanh tin trnh hi nhp su khu vc v th gii, to thun li cho
QLNN i vi dch v logistics ti cng Hi phng, ng gp cho cng cuc
pht trin dch v logistics cng Hi Phng tr thnh mt trong nhng trung
tm trong vn ti quc t.
- Quy m th trng dch v logistics nh (khong 2-4% GDP) nhng tc
tng trng cao (20-25% nm). Kim ngch xut nhp khu v ngnh bn l

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c mc tng trng kh cao. Khi lng hng ha qua cng bin d kin tng
nh sau: nm 2015 d kin 500 - 600 triu tn, nm 2020 d kin 900 1.100
triu tn, nm 2030 d kin 1.600 2.100 triu tn) [3]
2.2.5.2 Nhng kh khn thch thc
Ngoi nhng thun li nu trn, QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng c khng t nhng kh khn c to ra bi mi trng i hi phi c s
quyt tm ln bi cc cp QLNN vt qua.
- Kh khn ln nht v d nhn thy nht xut pht t ch nc ta l mt
nc ang pht trin c trnh kinh t thp, QLNN cn nhiu yu km v bt
cp, doanh nghip v i ng doanh nhn cn nh b, sc cnh tranh ca hng
ha, dch v cn nhiu hn ch, h thng chnh sch kinh t, thng mi cha
hon chnh... Cho nn, s gp kh khn ln trong cnh tranh c trong nc c
trn trng quc t, cnh tranh s din ra gay gt hn, vi nhiu i th hn,
trn bnh din su, rng hn. Do thc hin nhng cam kt ca mt thnh vin
WTO, nht l vic phi ct gim mnh thu nhp khu, m ca su rng v kinh
t, trong c vic m ca lnh vc thng mi hng ho v dch v logistics
cng bin, bi vy nguy c ri ro kinh t, tnh trng ph sn doanh nghip ni
lun hin hu v tr nn rt tim tng. Ngoi ra, trong hi nhp kinh t quc t,
nhim v pht trin cc thnh phn kinh t trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng
cng i hi phi gii quyt nhiu vn v nhn thc, c ch, chnh sch,...
- S bt n nh v chnh tr dn n s bt n nh v kinh t ca cc nc
trn th gii v cc i tc lm n ca Vit Nam nh M, Nht bn, Hn Quc
i hi phi c chnh sch hp l hn i vi tng quc gia.
- S mt n nh trong gi cc vn chuyn do gi nguyn liu thay i
trong khi gi cc thu tu li kh c th iu chnh to cho cc doanh nghip
dch v logistics cng kinh doanh t hiu qu, s lm n kinh doanh thua l ca
mt s tp on kinh t ln nh VINASHIN, VINALINES nh hng khng
nh ti QLNN i vi dch v logistics ti cng Hi Phng. Cn c chnh sch
khuyn khch, c cu li cc doanh nghip v cc hot ng thanh, kim tra, gii

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quyt tn ng xy ra.
- Th ch, chnh sch ca Nh nc vi dch v logistics cng bin cha r
rng, khng ng b, bt cp, cha to iu kin h tr dch v logistics cng
bin non tr pht trin. Chi ph kinh doanh khng chnh thc cao.
- Np suy ngh mua CIF/CFR v bn FOB/FCA ca cc doanh nghip kinh
doanh trong lnh vc dch v logistics cn nng n, do s yu km trong hot
ng ngoi thng v tm l mun giao mi vic cho i tc ca mnh nhm
trnh cc ri ro to bc thit cho cng tc i mi QLNN.
- S bo h ca nh nc s gim khi Vit Nam tham gia cc hip nh vn
ti quc t ca khi ASEAN. Lm cho cc doanh nghip dch v logistics cng
s cng kh khn hn trong vic cnh tranh vi cc doanh nghip nc ngoi.
- Ngh nh 125/2003/N-CP cho php cc doanh nghip nc ngoi kinh
doanh dch v vn ti a phng thc ti Vit Nam lm cho tnh cnh tranh
trong lnh vc dich v logistics cng bin cng tr nn khc lit hn.
- C s h tng giao thng vn ti cn yu km, khng ng b c bit
cha to ra hnh lang vn ti a phng thc trong khi nhu cu trung chuyn
cht lng cao cho hng ha gia cc phng thc ang ngy cng ln. H
thng thng tin thiu v cha hiu qu. Ngun nhn lc cho QLNN i vi dch
v logistics cng bin cn thiu v yu, cha p ng nhu cu. y l vn m
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng cn c chin lc nhm thay
i cn bn, p ng nhu cu cp thit t ra.
2.2.5.3 Nhng thnh cng
- Theo bo co Ch s nng lc quc gia v logistics LPI (Logistics
Performance Index) ca Ngn hng Th gii (World Bank) cng b nm 2012
nh gi Vit Nam nm trong tp 4 quc gia dn u c dch v logistics t
hiu qu cao tng ng vi GDP bnh qun u ngi ca quc gia (nhm thu
nhp thp- trung bnh), xp hng 53/155 nn kinh t, nhng c nh gi c
biu hin c bit v hot ng logistics. Trong c s ng gp khng nh
ca QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.

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- H thng cc vn bn php lut dn hon thin to c s bc u cho

cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng c thun li. Cc
cp QLNN quan tm ti h thng c s h tng cng nh giao thng phc v
cho dch v logistics cng bin Hi Phng ngy cng c nng cp v hon
thin, hin i hn nhm phc v tt cho nhu cu ngy mt tng ca nn kinh t.
- QLNN vi cc doanh nghip dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ang
c thnh ph quan tm, su st hn. S doanh nghip thnh lp v hot ng
dch v logistics cng bin Hi Phng ngy cng nhiu gm nhiu thnh phn,
c nc c khong 1.200 (vt qua Thi lan, Singapore) trong cc cng
ty logistics a quc gia hng u trn th gii (Top 25 hoc 30) c mt ti
Vit Nam. Di nhiu hnh thc, cc cng ty nc ngoi hot ng a dng,
c bit trong vic cung ng dch v 3PL vi trnh cng ngh hin i,
chuyn nghip nh ti cc nc pht trin u c mt ti cng Hi Phng,
vic t chc ng k kinh doanh trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng c quan tm v c thc hin ng quy trnh.
- Sn lng khai thc hng ha ngy cng tng, thu ht c nhiu tu
trng ti ln cp cng cng nh lng khch hng ngy cng tng cng ang
c thnh ph quan tm theo di v qun l.
- Nh nc c nh hng thay i phng thc o to ngun nhn lc
cho QLNN v dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ca mt s trng i hoc, cao
ng trn a bn nhm gp phn cung cp ngun nhn lc phc v trong ngnh,
c trnh kinh nghim v mang tnh chuyn nghip ngy cng cao.
- c s thay i bc u v nhn thc v QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng nn thu ht c cc tp on dch v logistics
ln trong nc v quc t tham gia vo th trng, to iu kin cho cc doanh
nghip dch v logistics cng Hi Phng hc hi kinh nghim, m rng th
trng lin doanh lin kt vi cc doanh nghip nc ngoi.
2.2.5.4 Nhng tn ti
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng cho n nay t c

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nhng kt qu ng k, song vn cn nhiu tn ti nh hng n tnh hiu lc,

hiu qu, s ph hp vi nh hng pht trin ca Nh nc, m bo cng
bng x hi v bn vng ca QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
i hi phi c s thay i t c thnh qu tt nht.
C ch QLNN hin nay cha m bo tnh hiu lc, cn to ra sc ln,
cha nhy bn do cha c mt c quan ch qun nht nh cho QLNN i vi
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. M hnh t chc cn cng knh, km hiu
qu. Chi ph sn xut cn ln, hiu qu u t cha cao. Cht lng dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng mc d c ci thin song vn cha p ng
c yu cu v nng sut, cht lng, hiu qu; kh nng cnh tranh cn thp
cha th hin c s ph hp ca cng tc QLNN.
Qui hoch tng th pht trin cng bin Hi Phng c ban hnh km theo
qui hoch chi tit i vi tng khu vc nhng qui hoch chi tit c ban hnh
rt chm v iu chnh nhiu. S lch pha v thi gian v quy hoch ny gy
khng t kh khn cho cc nh u t, gy lng ph vn do phi iu chnh thit k
nh hng ln n hiu qu QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
Cc cp QLNN cha tp trung nghin cu ra gii php hu hiu trong
vic u t cho c s h tng nn cn nhiu khim khuyt, cng ngh thng tin
cha h tr hiu qu nn chi ph dch v logistics cng Hi Phng kh cao, trong
chi ph vn ti chim 30 n 40% gi thnh sn phm (t l ny l 15% cc
quc gia khc), iu ny lm gim kh nng cnh tranh dch v hng ha ca cc
doanh nghip dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
Vn QLNN trong cng tc qun l i vi lung tu bin cn nhiu bt
cp. Vic m bo chi ngn sch cho cng tc no vt duy tu hot ng
ca cng bin c thng sut c giao cho CVHHHP nhng cha xy dng
k hoch no vt v h thng cc vn bn nhm a cng tc ny vo hot ng
thng xuyn duy tr lung tu, m bo khng sa bi nhm gim thiu
vic h ti nng cao hiu qu v thi gian trong vn chuyn v bc xp hng ha,
vn ny mang tnh cp thit nh hng trc tip n QLNN i vi dch v

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logistics cng Hi Phng nhng vn cha c thc hin thng xuyn v cn

nhiu bt cp thiu tnh bn vng trong QLNN.
CVHHHP cha u t nghin cu chng trnh tn dng thy triu a
tu c ln vo khu vc cng c iu kin tip nhn. Nu nghin cu ny c
thc hin s tit kim c mt phn chi ph no vt vn ang rt kh khn nh
hin nay lm tng hiu qu QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
Cha c s phi hp thng nht qun l gia CVHHHP vi UBND thnh
ph Hi Phng trong vic xy dng h thng vn bn php lut iu hnh lung
hng hi, nhm iu hnh hot ng ca cc phng tin hot ng trong lung
c thng sut. Gii quyt s chng ln gia 2 h thng vn ti bin v vn
ti thy ni a trong cng mt khu vc ca sng i hi phi c mt c quan
QLNN chu trch nhim v vn ny.
i vi c s h tng giao thng hin nay Nh nc vn ch tp trung u
t cho giao thng ng b. Mc n tc giao thng trong nhng gi cao im
ngy cng tng. H tng c s ca cng yu km, trong h tng giao thng
ni cng vi bn ngoi cn trc tr, c bit l i vi cc xe vn ti hng siu
trng, siu trng. Vn tn ti ln khc i vi cc cng Hi Phng hin nay
l u mi giao thng phc v xut, nhp khu ca thnh ph cht lng cn
thp v kh nng kt ni ca cc cng u mi ln ti 2 vng kinh t trng im
cha cao. Vn ti ng b ni hu phng ca cng Hi Phng tp trung ch
yu vo tuyn quc l 5 ni vi th H ni v cc vng ln cn qu ti v
c nguy c xung cp nhanh i hi cc cp QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng cn tp trung trc mt nhm xy dng nh hng v u t c
th a ra quyt sch cho vn ny.
H thng ng st quc gia c kt ni vi cng Hi Phng do c nhng
hn ch ring v mt k thut nn phng thc vn ti ny c ng gp khng
ln trong tng lng hng n v i khi cng. Khng pht huy c tc dng
ca vn chuyn khi lng ln. Cc cp QLNN cn phi c nh hng c th
cho loi hnh vn chuyn ny pht huy th mnh ca n.

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H thng cng Hi Phng kt ni vi mng li sng ngi dy c hnh

thnh mi lin kt vi cc tuyn ng thy v cc cng sng vi y h
thng kho bi v cng trnh ph tr kt ni vi cc tnh, thnh ph min Bc hnh
thnh ln h thng ng thy ni a. Vic nh hng ca Nh nc i vi
vic pht trin h thng ng thy nhm tng hiu qu cho QLNN i vi dch
v logistics ca cng Hi Phng cha c cc c quan QLNN quan tm, vic
tp trung pht trinloi hnh dch v ny s l mt hng i ng nhm gim chi
ph vn ti, nng cao hiu qu, i hi cc cp QLNN cn sm c a vo
nghin cu trin khai.
Hin nay, cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logictics cng Hi Phng cha
c c quan ch qun tp trung. Cc doanh nghip kinh doanh ngnh dch v
logistics cng bin cn gp rt nhiu kh khn trong hot ng do quy nh v
php lut khng r rng, cc th tc hnh chnh cha to thun li hoc thiu
cht ch. Tuy s lng ng nhng hot ng dch v logistics ca cc doanh
nghip cng Hi Phng cn manh mn, trn lan, thiu kinh nghim v tnh
chuyn nghip, ch cung cp dch v c bn, cnh tranh v gi l ch yu, t gi
tr gia tng nn ch gia cng li cho cc cng ty 3PL, 4PL nc ngoi. Do cc
cp QLNN cha thc s quan tm ti tim lc ca cc doanh nghip dch v
logistics cng yu v ti chnh (80% doanh nghip thnh lp c vn iu l di
1,5 t ng), nhn s, t chc mng li ton cu, h thng thng tin, tnh lin
kt. i tu ca cc cng ty cn lc hu v tui th trung bnh gi, c bit l
lng tu c trng ti ln nhm p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng ca th trng,
cn ph thuc qu nhiu vo i tu nc ngoi nn gi cc vn chuyn cao,
khng ch ng iu phi tu theo tnh hnh th trng. S kt hp gia nh vn
chuyn, cng ty giao nhn v cc cng ty bo him cha cht ch nn dch v cung
cp cha ng b lm cho gi thnh cao, gim nng lc cnh tranh. Cng to cho
tnh cp thit phi c mt c quan ch qun trong lnh vc dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng tham mu cho cc cp QLNN v gip cc doanh nghip,
to s pht trin bn vng trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.

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Trong thi gian qua, vic nh hng ca nh nc cho u t trang thit b

dch v logistics cng Hi Phng cn chm. Hu ht cc cng bin trong h
thng cng Hi Phng ch yu s dng thit b bc xp thng thng, th s
hoc cn cu tu l chnh nn nng sut xp d ca cc cng rt thp. Ngoi ra,
cng Hi Phng ch yu l cng tng hp v cng chuyn dng, bn container
chim t, trong khi xu th vn chuyn hng ha bng container ngy mt tng
cao. Cha u t ng mc vo c s vt cht cho vic m rng v nng cao
cht lng hot ng giao nhn vn ti. Cha hin i ha qui trnh phc v
khch hng, c bit l cha s dng tt nhng thnh tu ca khoa hc cng
ngh vo hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. Trong tng lai khng xa khi cng
quc t Lch huyn c hon thnh s l mt thun li nhng cng l mt vn
ln i hi phi c s i mi trong QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng tng cng tnh hiu lc, hiu qu, s ph hp, m bo cng
bng v bn vng ca cng tc QLNN.
2.2.5.5 Nhng nguyn nhn dn n s yu km trong QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng
Tc ng n cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
nh hng n hiu lc, hiu qu, s ph hp vi nh hng pht trin ca Nh
nc, m bo dn ch, cng bng x hi, bn vng bao gm cc nguyn nhn
ch yu sau:
Th nht, mc m ca ca nn kinh t trong hi nhp
Trong iu kin hi nhp kinh t quc t, Nh nc thc hin chnh sch
m ca kinh t, m ca cho dch v logistics cng Hi Phng pht trin, s to
ra kh nng cnh tranh trn th trng. Gip cho khi lng v tr gi hng ha
xut nhp khu tng ln, cc yu cu v dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ngy
cng tng, to cho vic lu chuyn hng ha gia tng c v s lng v cht
lng nhng cng lm cho tnh cnh tranh ngy cng tng. Chnh v th i hi
cng tc QLNN phi xy dng mt h thng th ch, chnh sch hon chnh v
tin tin nhm p ng nhu cu hi nhp ca dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.

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Mc m ca ca nn kinh t thng c o bng ch s gia tng gi

tr ngoi thng so vi tng GDP c nc. i vi dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng n c th hin qua bng 2.5. cho ta thy mc tng trng trong
ngnh thng mi dch v ca Hi Phng khng ln nm 2009 l 47.959,3t
ng, nm 2010 l 57.284,7 tng 19,44%, nm 2011 l 63.615,2 tng hn
11,05% n nm 2013 l 73.703,7 tng gn 7,15% nh vy mc tng thp
chng t mc m ca ca nn kinh t c th hin chnh sch thu quan,
cc hng ro phi thu quan, chnh sch t gi cha pht huy c hiu qu.
Th hai, th ch, chnh sch v mi trng kinh doanh
Th ch, chnh sch tc ng khng nh n QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng. Th ch, chnh sch l nhng quy nh php l ca cc quc
gia nhm iu chnh hot ng i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. y l
yu t cu thnh mi trng kinh doanh v l iu kin ht sc quan trng cho s
pht trin ca dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. Cc chnh sch ca Nh nc
i vi dch v logistics cng bin l cng c qun l ca Nh nc cha c
quy nh r rng, minh bch, d hiu, d p dng nhm to cho cc doanh nghip
tham gia vo h thng dch v logistics cng Hi Phng c thun li, bnh
ng. Tc ng khng nh n QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin v
ang c quan tm u t hon chnh.
- Trc ht, c th thy v mt nhn thc v phng din l lun, nc ta
hin nay vn cn thiu nhn thc y v s ng thun v quan nim, vai tr,
v tr ca dch v logistics cng Hi Phng trong nn kinh t th trng nh
hng x hi ch ngha. Hin nay cc nghin cu, cc bi vit v QLNN i vi
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng cn kh hn ch, cc chnh sch, quy hoch
pht trin rt t v cha cp n k hoch v bin php pht trin dch v
logistics cng cng Hi Phng. N nh hng trc tip n cng tc QLNN i
vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
- Php lut kinh doanh dch v giao nhn vn ti cha r rng, th tc hi
quan dn hon chnh xong cc doanh nghip trong qu trnh thng quan hng

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ha do vn cn t tc cha mang tnh chuyn nghip v chuyn mn ha. Vic

qun l kinh doanh cn lng lo do trc thuc nhiu c quan ch qun khc
nhau, dn n s cnh tranh khng lnh mnh trong ni b cc doanh nghip
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. Cc qui nh, chnh sch gia cc ban ngnh
c s mu thun v chng cho ln nhau nh hng khng nh n QLNN i
vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
- Dch v logistics cng Hi phng cha c c quan ch qun tp trung
nhm tp hp, nh hng v gip cc doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng, tham mu cho nh nc trong vic ra cc quy
nh v php lut, v cc th tc hnh chnh to thun li lin kt cht ch gia
nh nc vi doanh nghip trong vic kin ton v pht trin mang tnh ring
bit ca h thng dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
- Hin nay chnh sch trong hot ng tn dng ca cc t chc tn dng
cn phn bit gia cc doanh nghip Nh nc vi cc thnh phn kinh t
khc cha to iu kin cho cc cng ty t nhn vay vn m rng hot ng
kinh doanh nht l i vi lnh vc dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
- Chnh sch thu v cc khon thu ngoi khng ph hp khng khuyn
khch cc doanh nghip ni ginh quyn vn ti v cho mnh bng cc doanh nghip
ngoi, lm gim nng lc cnh tranh i vi danh nghip dch v logistics ni.
Th ba, s pht trin ca kt cu h tng, cng ngh thng tin v truyn
thng. Kt cu h tng bao gm h thng ng x, bn bi, sn bay, bn cng,
mng trc vin thng, h thng cp in, nc... phc v cho vic lu chuyn
hng ha t ni sn xut n ngi tiu th cui cng. Kt cu h tng l iu
kin quan trng cho s pht trin dch v logistics cng Hi Phng, c bit l
c s h tng giao thng. Vi vai tr nh l cu ni, h thng ng x, bn bi,
h thng trc vin thng... c nh hng khng nh n s tc ng ca QLNN
i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
Nh phn tch phn 2.1.2.1 c s h tng i vi dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng cn thiu ng b. H tng c s ca cng yu km, trong h tng

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giao thng ni cng vi bn ngoi cn trc tr, c bit l i vi cc xe vn ti

hng siu trng, siu trng. u mi giao thng phc v xut, nhp khu ca
thnh ph cht lng cn thp v kh nng kt ni ca cc cng u mi ln ti 2
vng kinh t trng im cha cao. H thng vn ti cn nhiu hn ch, nh hng
trc tip n hiu qu ca cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng. i hi cn quan tm n chnh sch qun l, u t pht trin mng li
giao thng nht l giao thng thy ni a v ng st, lm cho qu trnh vn
chuyn hng ha thng sut rt ngn thi gian vn chuyn, gii phng nhanh
hng ha xut nhp khu tng hiu qu hot ng sn xut kinh doanh.
i vi h thng cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng. Hin nay c s d
liu ca h thng thng tin cho dch v logistics cng Hi Phng cn nhiu bt
cp. Cc trang web ca cc c quan QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin
cha thc s mnh, cha h tr nhiu cho cc doanh nghip dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng, d liu thng tin cn cha phong ph, cha p ng tho mn
nhu cu ca QLNN. Nhiu khi cc trang web nc ngoi li cha ng nhiu
thng tin v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng hn hn nhng website trong
nc. c bit cc doanh nghip dch v logistics cng Hi Phng mi ch
dng li vic gii thiu v doanh nghip mnh, nhng dch v m mnh c. i
hi cc c quan QLNN phi tn dng tnh u vit ca h thng cng ngh thng
tin v truyn thng nhm nh hng, gip v h tr cc doanh nghip nhng
thng tin hu dng gp phn pht trin dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
Th t, s tc ng ca ngun nhn lc cho QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng.
Cng nh cc ngnh kinh t, trong iu kin hi nhp, yu t ngun nhn
lc QLNN ng vai tr ht sc quan trng cho s pht trin ca h thng dch
v logistics cng Hi Phng. Trong qu trnh hi nhp kinh t quc t phm vi
hot ng mang tnh ton cu. Khi c h thng thng tin hin i kt hp vi
ngun nhn lc QLNN tt th s nm bt c i hi ca cc doanh nghip,
tham mu kp thi vi cc cp qun l a ra h thng chnh sch, php lut

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thun li gip doanh nghip c th t hiu qu kinh doanh cao.

i ng cn b QLNN trong lnh vc kinh doanh dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng hin nay cha c s tinh thng nghip v, mt s t cn cha c
gii ngoi ng, cha c kh nng v kinh nghim ng x vi nhng bin ng
ca kinh t th trng. Mi ch c o to cc kin thc QLNN v kinh t,
thiu kin thc v chuyn ngnh, cha th lp cc bo co theo yu cu, cp nht
thng tin v cc hot ng dch v logistics cng, v vy cng tc tham mu cho
cc cp qun l cn chm v cha ng hng, cn thiu chin lc c th, cha
xc nh mc tiu kp thi nhm to iu kin tt nht cho pht trin dch v
logistics cng Hi phng. V vy cc c quan QLNN cn u t thay i v
cht ngun nhn lc cho QLNN nhm gp phn tng cng nng lc cng tc
QLNN, tc ng ln n tng hiu qu hot ng ca dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng theo kp tin pht trin ca th gii trong thi i mi.
Th nm, s pht trin cc loi hnh dch v logistics ngy cng a dng
Hin nay trn th gii cc loi hnh dch v logistics cng pht trin ngy
cng a dng, cung cp cc dch v a dng, trn gi c tc dng gim thiu
cc loi chi ph giy t, chng t trong xut nhp khu quc t. Dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng c nhng nh kinh doanh logistics cng m nhn cng
vic vn ti a phng thc, v vy loi b rt nhiu chi ph cho giy t th
tc, nng cp v chun ha chng t cng nh gim khi lng cng vic vn
phng trong lu thng hng ha, lm nng cao hiu qu xut nhp khu quc t.
S pht trin nhiu loi hnh dch v logistics cng Hi Phng kt hp
vi s pht trin E-Logistics gip cho chi ph giy t, chng t trong lu
thng hng ha cng c gim, cht lng dch v logistics cng ngy cng
c nng cao, thu hp hn mi cn tr v khng gian v thi gian trong dng
lu chuyn hng ha v dch v, to cho cc quc gia s xch li gn nhau hn
trong hot ng xut nhp khu song cng lm tng tnh cng tranh cng i hi
c s i mi trong cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
nhm nm bt c kp thi c nhng chnh sch ph hp.

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Th su, quy m cng bin v cc doanh nghip kinh doanh trong lnh vc
dch v logistics cng ngy cng ln.
i vi bt k khu vc cng bin no u c rt nhiu tim nng pht trin,
nu QLNN ng hng chc chn cng bin s pht trin lm cho quy m
ngy cng tng ln c v s v cht lng ko theo h thng dch v logistics v
cc doanh nghip ngy cng pht trin n nh hng trc tip ti cng tc
QLNN. Cng Hi Phng l mt h thng cng lin hon v ang pht trin ngy
cng nhanh v c m rng. Cc cng ty kinh doanh dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng cng khng ngng ln mnh. Cc doanh nghip trong nc, nhng
tp on sn xut kinh doanh ln trn th gii hin cng ang khai thc rt tt
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng v ngy cng pht trin. Vi quy m ngy
cng tng, i hi cng tc QLNN c kin ton s to cho h thng dch v
logistics cng pht trin ng hng, tng kh nng cnh tranh, gim chi ph, nng
cao cht lng xut nhp khu. H thng chnh sch, php lut to iu kin
thun li cho pht trin dch v logistics cng thnh cng, m bo dn ch,
cng bng x hi. Trnh nhng sai lm trong nh hng, chn sai v tr, sai tim
nng, d tr khng ph hp, quy hoch khng chnh xc, nht qun lm nh
hng ti s pht trin ca cc doanh nghip dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.

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CHNG 3 - PHNG HNG V GII PHP I MI QUN L

NH NC I VI DCH V LOGISTICS CNG HI PHNG

3.1 Phng hng i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi

Phng
3.1.1 Quan im i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
Trong s pht trin chung ca nn kinh t t nc, s pht trin ca dch
v logistics cng Hi Phng nhn c s quan tm c bit ca Nh nc,
cc B, Ngnh v c bit l s tp trung qun l ca lnh o thnh ph Hi
Phng iu c th hin thng qua quan im ca cc cp lnh o trng
vi quan im ca tc gi trong lun n.
Theo quan im trong ph duyt quy hoch chi tit nhm cng bin pha
bc (nhm 1) n nm 2020, nh hng n nm 2030 nu r quan im v
QLNN i vi s pht trin ca cng Hi Phng ni chung v quyt nh n
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ni ring (Quyt nh s 1741/Q-BGTVT
ngy 03/8/2011 ca B trng B Giao thng Vn ti) nh r
- Pht trin cng hp l trn c s tn dng ti a li th t nhin trong khu
vc; Tng bc ci to nng cp iu kin khai thc cng bin, lung tu ph
hp nhu cu, nng lc duy tr, duy tu:
- Pht trin cng ca ng quc t Hi Phng theo hng tin ra bin c
th tip nhn c nhng tu ln, gim thiu kh khn tr ngi v lung tu, to
ng lc pht trin kinh t x hi ton min Bc. Pht trin cng ng b vi h
thng kt cu h tng cng bin bao gm cu cng, khu nc, lung tu, h
thng an ton hng hi, mng k thut v hu cn sau cng. c bit ch trng
n s kt ni lin quan gia cng bin vi giao thng quc gia kt ni vi cng
(ng b, ng st, ng thy ni a,) v cc u mi, trung tm dch v
logistics khu vc: Pht trin ng b, hi ha vi quy hoch kinh t - x hi
a phng v khu vc: Gn kt v p ng nhu cu ca cc quy hoch ngnh c

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lin quan. Tp trung ngun lc pht trin cng ca ng quc t Hi Phng.

- i vi cc cng hin c, pht trin trn c s tn dng ti a v hp l h
tng c s sn c, u t chiu su nng cao nng lc khai thc. i vi cc
cng bin u t xy dng mi, c bit l cng bin container: Phi pht trin
trn c s u t cng ngh bc xp hin i, ng dng khoa hc cng ngh cao
vo qun l khai thc. Pht trin cng phi kt hp cht ch vi vic bo v mi
trng, m bo s pht trin bn vng, ng thi m bo v an ninh, quc
phng. Gim dn v tin ti dng thc hin cc hot ng chuyn ti khu vc
vnh H Long v khu vc ln cn.
- Xy dng cng bin Hi Phng l ca chnh ra bin ca cc tnh pha Bc,
cc tng trng vng kinh t trng im Bc B, u mi giao thng quan trng
v ng b, ng st, ng hng khng v ng bin quan trng ca c
nc v quc t, gn kt cng Hi Phng vi cc tnh, thnh ph trong c nc
v quc t. u t tp trung cho cng Hi Phng pht trin thnh trung tm kinh
t bin, trung tm dch v logistics tm c khu vc.
Cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng n nm 2020
cn m bo mt s quan im ch o sau: [8]
(1) ra chin lc v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
ph hp vi tim nng, li th ca cng Hi Phng nhm nng cao nng lc
cnh tranh, thc y v tng cng cht lng, hiu qu pht trin kinh t - x
hi ca cng trong iu kin hi nhp quc t.
(2) Ban hnh cc vn bn php lut, xy dng chnh sch, chin lc, quy
hoch, k hoch pht trin dch v logistics cng bin theo hng hin i, m
bo dch v logistics cng Hi Phng hi nhp vi khu vc v quc t.
(3) Cc cp QLNN cn tp trung huy ng ngun lc t mi thnh phn
kinh t pht trin cng Hi Phng tr thnh trung tm dch v logistics ca
khu vc. To mi trng cnh tranh bnh ng, minh bch trong pht trin.
Nh vy, Vic xy dng mt trung tm dch v logistics cng hin i l rt

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quan trng v cn thit nhm thc y cng tc pht trin cng Hi Phng. Tuy
nhin cn phi tnh n yu t lch s, vn ha ca khu vc pha Bc Vit Nam.
Cc cp qun l cn c bit quan tm n i mi qun l nh nc i vi
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. y l vn then cht thc y xut nhp
khu hng ha v nng cao nng lc cnh tranh cho dch v logistics cng bin
ti khu vc pha bc m cng Hi Phng l cng ca ng chnh yu.
3.1.2 Mc tiu v nh hng v QLNN cho pht trin dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng
3.1.2.1 Mc tiu v QLNN cho pht trin dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
thc hin chin lc pht trin giao thng vn ti n nm 2020, tm
nhn n nm 2030. Hon thnh m rng cng bin Hi Phng; xy dng cng
ca ng quc t Lch Huyn tip nhn tu c trng n 80.000 DWT; u tin
pht trin cc bn container v cc bn cng chuyn dng; xy dng cng tu
khch ti khu vc TP Hi Phng. Theo ngh quyt s 01/2009/NQ-HND v
pht trin kinh t bin TP Hi Phng n nm 2015, nh hng n nm 2020.
nhm c th ho quyt nh 2190/2009/Q-TTg ph duyt Quy hoch pht
trin h thng cng bin Vit Nam n nm 2020, nh hng n 2030 cn xc
nh r mc tiu v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng c th l.
i. Mc tiu tng qut: Hon chnh h thng chnh sch, php lut cho QLNN i
vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng nhm pht huy ti a tim nng, li th,
xy dng cng Hi Phng tr thnh mt cng bin mnh v giu t bin, mt
trng im thc hin Chin lc bin Vit Nam, mt trung tm dch v logistics
cng bin ca khu vc kinh t Vnh Bc B v c nc. Ly s pht trin dch
v logistics cng bin l ng lc, l ht nhn to s chuyn bin c bn v
ton din xy dng thnh ph Hi Phng hin i, tr thnh trung tm mnh
v khoa hc cng ngh bin, trung tm chuyn giao cng ngh v kinh t bin,
ng gp ngy cng ln vo pht trin ca khu vc pha Bc v c nc; tng
bc tr thnh mt trung tm cng nghip, dch v hng hi v vn ti bin ln

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ca Vit Nam.[14].
ii. Mc tiu c th
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng mt cch hiu qu
phi t c cc mc tiu c th nh sau:
(1) Hon thin h thng vn bn php lut nhm pht trin dch v logistics
cng bin vi tc nhanh hn so vi tc tng trng ca khu vc dch v
ni chung; nng cao t trng ng gp ca dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
trong tng th dch v ca TP Hi Phng.
(2) To hnh lang php l pht trin cng Hi Phng thnh trung tm
logistics cng bin ca khu vc pha Bc v ca c nc: ni c tr s, vn
phng giao dch; ni t chc, iu hnh cc hot ng dch v logisitics cng
ca cc doanh nghip; ni thu ht cc nh u t ln ca nc ngoi trong lnh
vc logisitics cng; l u mi trung chuyn hng ha ln nht khu vc pha Bc
ca nc ta. Cng Hi Phng s l trung tm ca mi lin kt mng pht trin
dch v logistics khu vc pha Bc v l mt u mi quan trng lin kt vi
mng logistics cng bin khu vc v th gii.
(3) Hoch nh chnh sch nhm thc hin mc tiu pht trin dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng ngang tm khu vc, a cng Hi Phng tng bc
tham gia vo chui logistics cng bin khu vc v th gii.
(4) To mi trng cho cng Hi Phng t c cc mc tiu c th:
L cng tng hp quc gia, ca ng quc t (loi IA).
- Tp trung u t pht trin cng ca ng quc t Hi Phng khu bn Lch
Huyn c th tip nhn tu trng ti n 100.000DWT, Khi lng hng ho
thng qua cng Hi Phng t 55-60 triu tn vo nm 2015, 80-100 triu tn
vo nm 2020.To ca ra cho hng ha xut nhp khu ca Vit Nam vn ti
trn cc tuyn bin xa, v thu ht mt phn hng trung chuyn quc t khu vc.
Ci to, u t c chiu su nng cao nng lc dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng, khai thc hiu qu c s h tng, p ng nhu cu thng qua hng ha

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vn ti bin ton khu vc nhanh v hiu qu.

- Khu bn cng nh V (gm c Nam nh V) u t xy dng cc bn
tng hp, container v cc bn chuyn dng theo quy hoch cho c tu n
20.000 DWT khng y ti, tn dng thy triu ra vo lm hng. Nng lc thng
qua d kin vo nm 2015 t n 19,1triu tn/nm vo nm 2020 t khong
31triu tn/nm v d kin t khong 42 triu tn/nm vo nm 2030.
- Khu bn cng trn sng Cm hn ch pht trin m rng tng bc
chuyn i cng nng cc bn theo quy hoch ca thnh ph. u t chiu su
duy tr khai thc hiu qu tu c trng ti n 10.000 DWT. Nng lc thng
qua d kin vo nm 2015 t khong 23,6 triu tn/nm, nm 2020 t khong
20 triu tn v gim dn n nm 2030 d kin t khong 18 triu tn/nm.
Tm li, Mc tiu QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng rt
quan trng, quyt nh n phng hng chin lc pht trin kinh t x hi
ca cng Hi Phng nm trong tng th nn kinh t quc gia. t c mc
tiu trn i hi phi c nhng nh hng c th.
3.1.2.2 nh hng QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
Trong s pht trin i ln chung ca kinh t c nc, kinh t TP Hi Phng
ni chung v ca cng Hi Phng ni ring cng khng ngng pht trin. m
bo cho s pht trin vng chc v nhm t c mc tiu i mi QLNN. nh
hng cho QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng c c th nh sau:
(1) Cc cp qun l cn ban hnh cc vn bn php lut, xy dng chnh
sch, chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin dch v logistics cng bin. Coi
dch v logistics cng bin l mt trong nhng ngnh dch v cht lng cao mi
nhn ca cng Hi Phng trong nh hng chin lc pht trin cc ngnh dch v
ni ring v chin lc pht trin kinh t ni chung ca thnh ph. Thc tin kinh
nghim pht trin dch v logistics cc nc cho thy dch v logistics cng bin
l mt trong nhng ngnh dch v quan trng trong nn kinh t quc dn v dch v
logistics cng bin pht trin s gp phn quan trng trong vic thc y nhiu

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ngnh kinh t khc pht trin theo.

(2) QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng phi nh hng
hnh thnh m hnh dch v logistics cng bin in t (E-logistics), trn c s
ng dng trit cng ngh thng tin v cc thnh qu ca cng ngh thng tin
nhm nng cao hiu qu ca dch v logistics cng, c bit l h thng mng
internet. y l xu hng chung ca cc nc trn th gii trong chin lc pht
trin dch v logistics cng v cng l iu kin tin quyt cho vic nng cao
nng lc cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v logistics cng.
(3) Cc cp b, ngnh, thnh ph tp trung cc ngun lc u t nhm to
bc t ph trong vic i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng. Trong , Cp b, ngnh cn u tin trong vic u t to lp h thng
c s h tng dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. Thnh ph cn tp trung u
t kim sot, to iu kin nhm nng cao cht lng dch v v kh nng cnh
tranh trn th trng ni a, khu vc v quc t; hnh thnh v pht trin trung
tm dch v logistics cng Hi Phng c uy tn v tp hp cc cng ty ln a
s hu kinh doanh dch v logistics cng bin.
Vi nh hng trng tm cng l nhim v m cc cp QLNN i vi
dch v logistics ca cng Hi Phng phi thc hin cng l nh hng ca
ti ny c gii php ng hng nhm i mi cn bn v QLNN i vi
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
3.2 Cc gii php v kin ngh v i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng
3.2.1 Cc gii php i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
3.2.1.1 Gii php thng tin, tuyn truyn, nng cao nhn thc v QLNN i vi
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
Nhng nm gn y dch v logistics cng bin mi bt u c nhc n
trn cc phng tin truyn thng, mt vi cuc hi tho cng dn hm nng
ch ny. Nhng mt iu quan trng nht chnh l vic cc cp QLNN tha
nhn vai tr ca dch v logistics cng trong kinh doanh vn cha mnh.

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Trong t duy ca nhiu ngi lnh o th dch v logistics cng ch l nhng

mnh ghp ca vn ti, ca giao nhn, ca kho bi. iu ny lm gim tm nh
hng mang tnh chin lc ch khng phi chin thut n s tn ti v pht
trin ca cng bin. Hn th na, trong khi chng ta cn ang tng bc nh
hnh ngnh dch v logistics cng bin, th th gii tin ln trn mt bc l
pht trin dch v logistics cng bin mc cao, vi nng lc QLNN mang
tnh h thng v chin lc i vi dch v logistics cng bin.
Bn cht ca QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin l QLNN i vi
ton b h thng dch v logistics cng bin, n l s xu chui cc qu trnh ri
rc li vi nhau bng h thng cc vn bn php lut tit kim thi gian v chi
ph. Mt cng vic thng gm nhiu cng on khc nhau, nu tin hnh c lp
vi nhau, khng n cng on khc, th s dn n s lng ph thi gian,
cng sc v chi ph, nu chng ta c mt h thng chnh sch qun l hon chnh
kt hp n li vi nhau th vic thc hin c cng vic nhanh hn, tn t
chi ph hn, lm cho cc hot ng tr nn hiu qu hn i hi phi c s qun
l tp trung thng nht ca tt c cc cp QLNN. Cc nghin cu ch ra r
rng, tim nng pht trin logistics ca cng Hi Phng l rt ln, song, mun
pht trin c dch v ny, trc mt cc c quan QLNN v dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng cn gii quyt vn nhn thc v tm quan trng ca n:
-

Trc ht phi l nhn thc qun l ca lnh o TP Hi Phng, t

c ch trng, c chin lc, c quyt tm. T quyt tm ca nhng ngi

ng u, nh hng s lan to sang cc c quan chc nng, cc t chc,
doanh nghip thuc thnh ph, t xc nh chin lc v nh hng bng h
thng cc vn bn hon chnh cho cc t chc, doanh nghip u t trng tm
pht trin dch v logistics cng bin. Vai tr, ch, trnh , tm huyt ca
ngi ng u bt k cp QLNN no u c ngha quyt nh n s pht
trin. Do , nhn thc ng n, ch o sng sut, iu hnh nhp nhng vi
quyt tm cao ca lnh o thnh ph l iu kin tin quyt cho QLNN i vi
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng hiu qu. l c s xy dng k hoch,

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bc i v bin php cho trung tm dch v logistics cng Hi Phng trong

tng lai theo nh hng chin lc pht trin kinh t - x hi n nm 2020.
-

T i mi nhn thc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi

Phng ca lnh o thnh ph s l ng lc cho s tc ng n cc cp b,

ngnh, chnh ph trong vic xy dng chin lc chung cho s pht trin kinh t
khu vc pha Bc, to iu kin thun li cho s u t tp trung pht trin trung
tm dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
-

Lm cho cc doanh nghip, cc c s sn xut, dch v cng nh cc t

chc khc nhn thc ng ni dung, u nhc im ca QLNN i vi dch v

logistics cng bin. Nhn thy tm quan trng ca cc quyt nh QLNN trong
qu trnh pht trin kinh t vng, ng thi thy c v th v ng gp nhm
xy dng trung tm dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ln mnh trong tng lai.
C kh nhiu doanh nghip nhn thc tt vai tr ca dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng v ng dng cng ngh hin i vo qun tr dch v logistics,
tuy nhin mi ch l nhng bc i ca tng c nhn n l v khng h
mang tnh h thng v ton din i hi phi tp trung tuyn truyn v nhn thc
su rng c tm nhn i vi tt c cc doanh nghip cng chung sc thc
hin chin lc chung. Do , rt cn nhng hi tho hay kho o to v dch
v logistics cng bin dnh cho lnh o nhm nng cao nhn thc v vai tr tt
yu ca QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. y l mt nhim v
v cng cp thit v mun thnh cng ch khi gii quyt c vn nhn thc.
-

Bn cnh tng cng nhn thc v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng

Hi phng, cn hnh thnh h thng cc tiu ch thng k i vi dch v logistics

cng Hi Phng. Hon chnh ni dung, danh mc c th h thng vn bn QLNN
i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ph hp vi yu cu thc t v kh nng
QLNN ca cc cp lm cn c qun l, kim tra gim st h thng.
gii php tng cng nhn thc v QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng trong tt c cc cp, ngnh, doanh nghip c hiu qu, cc c
quan QLNN cn coi dch v logistics cng l mt trong nhng dch v cht

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lng cao, ch yu cn c tp trung u tin u t pht trin mnh cng Hi

Phng trong thi gian ti v a vn QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng vo Chng trnh cng tc ca B Giao thng Vn ti, Cc Hng Hi
Vit Nam, Cng v Hng hi Hi Phng v Thnh y UBND TP Hi Phng.
C th xem xt, ban hnh Ngh quyt ring thng nht ch trng trong ch
o, iu hnh v c c ch, chnh sch hp l nhm qun l ng hng lnh
vc dch v ht sc quan trng v cn thit ny cng Hi Phng.
3.2.1.2 Gii php v hon thin h thng php lut v cc c ch chnh sch h
tr pht trin dch v logistics cng bin
Nh phn tch cc phn trn, h thng vn bn php lut, chnh sch
v logistics cng bin hin nay vn cn nhiu ro cn, cha tng thch to
mi trng th ch thun li cho dch v logistics cng bin pht trin. V mt
php l, logistics mi ch c cng nhn l hnh vi thng mi trong Lut
Thng mi. Ngy 5/9/2007, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh s 140/2007/NCP quy nh chi tit thi hnh Lut Thng mi v iu kin kinh doanh dch v
logistics v gii hn trch nhim i vi thng nhn kinh doanh dch v
logistics. Theo cc chuyn gia trong lnh vc logistics th Ngh nh ny cn s
si i vi mt lnh vc lin ngnh, phc tp v cha to hnh lang php l
logistics tht s pht trin v i vi dch v logistics cng bin th li cng
xa hn.[3]
i vi mt s quy nh c th trong Ngh nh 140/2007/N-CP th li
cha thuyt phc v c s khoa hc v thiu kh thi khi p dng trong thc tin.
Chng hn quy nh v gii hn trch nhim ca thng nhn kinh doanh dch
v logistics. Ngh nh quy nh ti iu 8 v gii hn trch nhim i vi cc
dch v logistics (ngoi dch v lin quan n vn ti): Trng hp khch hng
khng c thng bo trc v gi tr ca hng ho th gii hn trch nhim ti a
l 500 triu ng i vi mi yu cu bi thng . Khi n nh c th con s
500 triu, Ngh nh cn th hin nhiu bt cp. Trong thc t c trng hp
doanh nghip (Cng ty ML) c thu cung ng dch v kh trng v giao nhn

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vn chuyn ht ging cho khch hng thiu s cn mn hp l dn n l

hng b x l sai ha cht v hon ton mt gi tr thng mi. Nu trong trng
hp ny, p dng mc gii hn trch nhim 500 triu ng th s khng tha
ng (trn thc t doanh nghip ny phi bi thng 50.000USD tng
ng gn 1 t ng). C th thy, mc gii hn trch nhim 500 triu theo
Ngh nh 140 l kh thp v thiu c s khoa hc. Mt vn khc na l nh
hng ca lm pht lm gim ng k gi tr ny trong mt thi k di hn.
V vy, Ngh nh 140 cn phi nng cao gii hn trch nhim ca thng
nhn kinh doanh dch v logistics trong cc cng on ngoi lnh vc vn ti.
Thng nhn kinh doanh dch v logistics ch c min trch nhim bi thng
nhng khon li l ra phi c hng ca khch hng nh quy nh ti Khon
2 iu 237 Lut Thng mi nm 2005. Quy nh nh th va m bo tnh
cng bng, hp l trong vic bo v quyn li hp php ca thng nhn kinh
doanh dch v logistics v li ch chnh ng ca khch hng, va c s k tha
nhng quy nh trc y pht huy hiu qu trong thc t Lut Thng mi
nm 1997. Ngh nh 140 cng khng c quy nh v gii hn trch nhim ca
thng nhn kinh doanh dch v logistics trong trng hp chm giao hng. L
ra, Ngh nh nn quy nh ring gii hn trch nhim trong trng hp ny nh
trong php lut vn ti. C th tham kho trch nhim ca ngi kinh doanh vn
ti a phng thc p dng cho thng nhn kinh doanh dch v logistics.
Mc gii hn trch nhim s c tnh trn c s th lao dch v (bng hoc gp
2 ln tin th lao dch v ca s hng ha b giao chm nhng khng vt qu
mc th lao theo hp ng).
Nh vy, h thng php lut v dch v logistics cn c tip tc hon
thin, hn th cn sm c hon thin p ng i hi ca thc tin. Cn
hon thin khung kh php l i vi dch v logistics cng bin theo hng xy
dng h thng php lut chuyn bit cho lnh vc ny. Cn tng hp cc vn bn
lin quan n dch v logistics cng bin v nghin cu, ban hnh lut ring v
dch v logistics cng bin.

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ng thi cn ng b ha ton b h thng php lut ni chung. Do yu

cu ca sn xut kinh doanh v xut nhp khu cng ngy chng ta cng ban
hnh nhiu lut chuyn ngnh nh lut Thng mi, lut Doanh nghip, lut Hi
quan, lut Thu Gi tr gia tng, thu Thu nhp doanh nghip... m bo tnh
thc tin, ph hp ca php lut, trc khi ban hnh nhng vn bn hng dn
thi hnh, cc c quan QLNN cn c s trao i vi cc Hip hi ngnh ngh c
lin quan (Hip hi Giao nhn Kho vn Vit Nam VIFFAS nay i tn l Hip
hi Doanh nghip Dch v Logistics Vit Nam ngy 04/01/2013 VLA. Hip
hi cng bin Vit Nam - VPA) bo m tnh kh thi sau khi ban hnh, to
nn s khng ng b trong h thng php lut, chnh sch.
Cng vi vic ban hnh lut php v chnh sch, cn tng cng cc c ch
thi hnh php lut m bo hiu lc thi hnh ca lut php. Tng cng nng
lc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin. Nng cao vai tr qun l ca Nh
nc nhm to iu kin pht trin mnh ngnh dch v quan trng ny.
-

Cn tip tc ci thin cng tc hi quan, coi y l trng tm trong cc

bin php h tr cho QLNN i vi s pht trin dch v logistics cng bin. C
th l:
+ Kt ni trao i thng tin vi hi quan cng ca cc nc trong khu vc
ASEAN v thc hin c ch hi quan mt ca theo l trnh cam kt trong c
ch mt ca quc gia.
+ Gim thi gian kim tra thc t hng ha, gim thi gian thng quan ch
bng 1,5 ln cc nc tin tin trong khu vc, l Thi Lan, Malaysia v
Indonesia. Cc nc ny hin nay c t l kim tra thc t hng ha l 7-8%, vi
chng ta t l ny hin l 17%, phi gim xung cn khong 12%. ng thi,
chng ta cng phi gim t l kim tra ngu nhin t 4% xung cn 2%.
+ Hin i ho quy trnh thu np thu gia bn c quan: thu - kho bc Nh
nc - hi quan - ti chnh ti cc hi quan TP Hi Phng, phc v cng tc
qun l thu thu, l ph hi quan.
+ Nghin cu, trin khai mt s dch v cng h tr doanh nghip dch v

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logistics cng Hi Phng trong hot ng xut nhp khu (khai bo hi quan,
qun l theo di tin trnh th tc hi quan trong chui cung ng thng mi,
thit lp trung tm h tr khch hng...). Trin khai b sung ng dng cc k
thut hin i trong cng tc qun l hi quan cng Hi Phng gn kt vi h
thng CNTT hi quan hng ti qun l bin gii cng bin thng minh.
-

Hon thin cng tc nng cao cht lng ci cch th tc hnh chnh

lin quan n lnh vc cng bin. S th tc hnh chnh gim hn mt na trong

vng 10 nm, c ch "mt ca lin ngnh" c thit lp, cch thc, th tc,
trnh t khai bo c n gin ha... l nhng kt qu t c trong hot
ng ci cch th tc hnh chnh ca ngnh hng hi trong 10 nm qua. Mt
trong nhng ci cch th tc hnh chnh mang tnh t ph l vi trng hp cc
tu vo cng.
-

Cn xy dng chnh sch nhm y nhanh tin trnh gim thu nhp

khu, h tr ti chnh cho cc doanh nghip dch v logistics cng trong nc,
chnh sch nhp khu cc phng tin vn ti, bc d, bo qun, lu kho hng
ha chuyn dng cc doanh nghip c th u t b sung, nng cp, hin i
ha trang thit b, tng cng nng lc cung cp dch v v kh nng cnh tranh
trn th trng dch v logistics cng bin.
-

H tr ti chnh (min/ gim thu; h tr li sut...) cho cc doanh

nghip logisitics cng Hi Phng ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong qun l
(mua v ng dng cc phn mm qun l logistics tin tin). Cng ngh thng
tin l iu kin tin quyt cc doanh nghip giao nhn, vn ti pht trin ln
quy m ln, i vo chiu su v tr thnh cc nh cung cp dch v logisitics
chuyn nghip. u t xy dng h thng thng tin cho QLNN i vi dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng cung cp cho doanh nghip. Nhng thng tin ch
yu gm: con s v th trng, h tng, s lng doanh nghip tham gia, chi ph
logistics, cc quy nh ca hi quan, thu, quy trnh ca cc cng... Trc ht c
th pht hnh Nin gim dch v logistics cng Hi Phng vi cc thng tin v
doanh nghip dch v logistics cng Hi Phng nhm gip cc doanh nghip

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thun li trong tm kim nh cung cp dch v ny trn a bn TP Hi Phng.

3.2.1.3 Gii php y mnh ng dng khoa hc cng ngh trong QLNN i vi
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng theo hng pht trin E-logistics
- QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng phi hng ti hnh
thnh m hnh dch v logistics in t (E-logistics). QLNN theo hng dch v
logistics in t l da trn c s ng dng trit cng ngh thng tin v cc
thnh qu ca cng ngh thng tin nhm nng cao hiu qu QLNN i vi dch
v logistics cng bin, c bit l tn dng h thng mng internet. y l xu
hng chung ca cc nc trn th gii trong QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng bin v cng l iu kin tin quyt cho vic nng cao nng lc cnh tranh
i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
- Cc cp QLNN cn quy nh v xy dng c s d liu cng ngh thng
tin phc v ring cho QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng v qun
l cc doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng. gii
quyt vn tn ti nu l hin nay c s d liu ca h thng thng tin cho
dch v logistics cng bin cn nhiu bt cp. Cc cp QLNN phi xy dng h
thng thng tin hin i, c s d liu phi mnh n tht s gip ch, l cng
c tuyn truyn, l cu ni gia cc cp QLNN i vi dch v logistics vi cc
doanh nghip xut nhp khu, cc doanh nghip dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng cng nh trong c nc. Nhm h tr nhiu cho cc doanh nghip dch v
logistics cng, cp nht d liu thng tin thng xuyn, phong ph, p ng tho
mn nhu cu ca QLNN. Cn tng cng cng tc ng vin, khuyn khch cc
cng ty trong lnh vc dch v logistics cng trong vic xy dng cc trang web
ca mnh c cht lng.
- CVHHHP cn xut vi cc cp QLNN sm tiu chun ho dch v
logistics cng Hi Phng. Thiu mt quy chun thng nht l iu ang tn ti
rt r i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. Cho n nay khi nim dch v
logistics mi ch c cp n trong Lut Thng mi nh l mt vn bn
chnh thc tha nhn s hin din ca ngnh ny. Song cp qun l v iu

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hnh th li cha h c mt quy chun c th cho ngnh dch v ny. Bn thn

iu ny cng i hi mt qu trnh di bi dch v logistics ch mi xut hin
Vit Nam v cng Hi Phng khong 15 nm gn y. Tuy vy, chng ta c th
hc hi kinh nghim v QLNN ca nhiu nc i trc xy dng mt h
tiu chun hng dn cho doanh nghip m vai tr ca nh nc v cc hip hi
lin quan n ngnh dch v logistics cng bin l cc k cn thit.
3.2.1.4 Gii php o to v pht trin ngun nhn lc cho QLNN i vi dch
v logistics cng Hi Phng
Ngun nhn lc i vi bt c lnh vc no cng u l yu t quyt nh
n s thnh cng. Trong nhng nm gn y, ngnh dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng v ang pht trin rt nhanh chng, t mt vi doanh nghip vn
ti giao nhn quc doanh ca u thp nin 1990 n nay Hi Phng c
khong trn 400 doanh nghip c thnh lp v hot ng, c tr s hoc vn
phng gn kt vi cng Hi Phng v cung cp dch v logistics cho cng Hi
Phng. i hi cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin phi c
ngun nhn lc mnh qun l.
c ngun nhn lc m bo cung cp v lng v cht h tr tt cho
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng, cc cp QLNN cn thc hin
mt s gii php:
Th nht, cc cp QLNN cn quan tm v c chin lc lu di nhm bi
dng v pht trin ngun lc quan trng nht l i ng cn b qun l tr, c
trnh chnh tr, chuyn mn, nhiu tham vng, c b sung kinh nghim
QLNN, kinh nghim kinh doanh quc t. Lc lng ny trong tng lai gn s
l ngun b sung v tip ni cc th h i trc, nng ng hn, xng xo v
ham hc hi. ng thi c c ch chnh sch nhm pht huy kinh nghim ca
i ng cn b QLNN ang iu hnh trong cc c quan QLNN l cn b ch
cht cc B, ngnh, a phng. i ng ny hin ang iu hnh c thm
nin kinh nghim trong ngnh. Tuy nhin, vn cn tn ti phong cch qun l
c, cn bi dng thch ng vi mi trng mi.

139

Th hai, cc cp QLNN cn nghin cu v xy dng cc chng trnh

nhm m cc lp bi ng trang b kin thc chuyn su v lnh vc
logistics cng bin i vi i ng nhn vin tc nghip, phn ln tt nghip i
hc nhng khng chuyn v QLNN, v dch v logistics cng bin, phi t nng
cao trnh nghip v trong qu trnh lm vic. Lc lng tr ny cha tham gia
nhiu vo hoch nh ng li, chnh sch, t tham gia ng gp kin QLNN
xy dng v pht trin ngnh.
Th ba, cn u t trang b k nng v t duy sn xut hin i i vi i
ng nhn lc trong QLNN lnh vc dch v logistics cng bin nhm to tc
phong cng nghip, nm bt v s dng phng tin my mc tin tin p ng
nhu cu QLNN trong qu trnh hi nhp v pht trin.
Th t, cc cp QLNN cn nh hng v u t cho chng trnh o to,
nng cao tay ngh i vi lc lng nhn s ca cc doanh nghip nhm p
ng i hi ca dch v logistics cng Hi Phng hin nay, cn c thc hin
3 cp : (1) ti cc c s o to chnh thc l cc trng i hc, cao ng;
(2) o to theo chng trnh bi dng, tp hun do cc hip hi t chc; (3)
o to ni b trong doanh nghip.
Trong chin lc di hn, chnh quyn thnh ph v cc c quan chc nng
cn tng cng quan tm, h tr xy dng v hoch nh chnh sch lin quan
n dch v logistics cng. Tm kim cc ngun ti tr trong nc v quc t cho
cc chng trnh o to ngn hn trong v ngoi nc, phi hp v tranh th
hp tc vi cc t chc FIATA, IATA v cc t chc phi chnh ph khc c
ngun kinh ph o to thng xuyn hn.
Cc cp chnh quyn cn tp trung h tr o to chuyn ngnh dch v
logistics cng bin cho cc c s hin ang o to chuyn ngnh ny; y l
mt vic ht sc cn thit nhm to iu kin i mi t duy QLNN i vi dch
v logistics cho cng Hi Phng. Vic h tr c th thng qua cung cp kinh ph
cho o to gio vin, hc bng, hc liu v hc c. Mun c ngun nhn lc
QLNN dch v logistics cng bin cht lng th cc cp QLNN cn c s

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khuyn khch nht nh v ti chnh cho ngi hc v cc c s o to.

Cn thnh lp b phn nghin cu dch v logistics cng bin ti mt trong
s cc c s nghin cu chuyn mn ca thnh ph phc v cho mc tiu
QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin trnh cao. Cn c qu h tr u
t khuyn khch cn b, nhn vin ang lm vic, nghin cu trong lnh vc
ny tham gia o to li v o to b sung cc kin thc lin quan n QLNN,
nh hng QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng bin theo hng hin i cho
cng Hi Phng. C cc chng trnh gi cn b QLNN, qun l doanh nghip,
nhn vin iu hnh ti cc doanh nghip dch v logistics cng bin i hc tp
ti nc ngoi tip cn vi phng php QLNN tin tin, cng ngh mi v
c bit l i mi QLNN i vi dich v logistics cng Hi Phng.
Thc hin tt cc gii php c tnh nh hng ni trn s gp phn i
mi trit cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng trong
iu kin m ca th trng v hi nhp.
3.2.1.5 Gii php lin kt v pht huy vai tr ca cc hip hi c lin quan ti
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng cn t chc
h thng qun l v h tr pht trin dch v logistics mt cch hiu qu. Cn
xc tin thnh lp chi hi cc doanh nghip dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
nm trong VLA. Cch y hng chc nm Singapore xy dng h thng cng
bin, cng ty vn ti bin, hng hng khng, cng ty logistics thnh mt chui
dch v thng nht theo m hnh One - Stop Shop (m hnh mt ca). Nc ny
cng chuyn i Hip Hi Giao Nhn thnh Hip Hi Logistics, iu ny th
hin s pht trin vt bc ca ngnh dch v logistics Singapore. i vi Vit
nam, chng ta c Hip Hi i L V Mi Gii Hng Hi Vit Nam
(VISABA) v Hip hi Doanh nghip Dch v Logistics Vit Nam (VLA). Cn
pht huy vai tr ca cc Hip hi ny trong vic a ra cc sng kin v QLNN
i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. nng cao nhn thc v thc y
s pht trin ca ngnh dch v logistics cng Hi Phng, xy dng nhng

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chin lc tng th v di hn cho dchv logistics cng bin cn phi thnh lp

Chi hi cc doanh nghip dch v logistics cng Hi Phng trn c s lin kt tt
c cc doanh nghip trong ngnh dch v logistics cng Hi Phng nhm pht
huy nhng thnh tu t c, to iu kin cc doanh nghip nh c th
tham gia vo cc hot ng pht trin nh tp hun, hi tho ca cc doanh
nghip ln v c bit l ca cc doanh nghip nc ngoi. Cc doanh nghip
nh thng qua t vn ca Chi hi c th st nhp hoc sp nhp vi nhau c
tim lc v nng lc cao hn. Kinh ph ban u cho hot ng ca Chi hi c th
ly t ngn sch ca thnh ph, ng gp ca cc doanh nghip nhng sau 5
nm Chi hi phi t ch v ti chnh.
Thng qua cc hip hi xy dng v t chc thc hin c hiu qu chng
trnh pht trin ngun nhn lc, i mi cng tc o to cn b, cng nhn
nhm hnh thnh mt th h cn b, cng nhn c trang b kin thc ph hp
vi cng ngh hin i v yu cu ca Hi nhp kinh t quc t.
Tip tc ng dng mnh m cng ngh thng tin v h thng qun l cht
lng theo tiu chun quc t (ISO 9001 - 2008) vo cc khu iu hnh v qun
l Cng, phn u kt ni trao i d liu in t (EDI) vi tt c cc hip hi,
cc doanh nghip dch v logistics cng, cc hng tu, cc trung tm logistics
trong khu vc v trn th gii khng ngng nng cao tnh lin kt, cht lng,
nng lc cnh tranh ca dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
3.2.1.6 Gii php tng cng lin kt mng v u t pht trin cng Hi Phng
thnh trung tm dch v logistics hng u cng bin pha Bc v c nc
Vit Nam thuc khu vc Chu - Thi Bnh Dng, ni hot ng kinh t
din ra si ng nht nh th gii trong th k XXI. Hot ng kinh t pht trin
th cc lung hng ho, thng thng trong khu vc v gia khu vc vi th gii
cng s tng trng, to c hi cho dch v logistics pht trin. ng thi, v tr
a l ca nc ta nm trung tm bin ng, ni c cc tuyn ng bin nhn
nhp vi lu lng tu b qua li hng ngy t 150 n 200 chic. Nm n ng
trn cc tuyn hng hi v hng khng huyt mch thng thng gia n

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Dng, Thi Bnh Dng, gia Chu u, Trung cn ng vi Trung Quc,

Nht Bn v cc nc trong khu vc, Vit Nam ng vai tr l chic cu ni cc
k quan trng gia cc vng. y l iu kin thun li giao lu kinh t gia
Vit Nam vi cc nc trn th gii v trong khu vc m cng Hi Phng l mt
trong nhng cng ln c th p ng nhu cu i hi ny.
Vi li th ln, cng Hi Phng cn y mnh pht trin dch v logistics
v hon ton c th tr thnh mt trung tm dch v logistics cng bin hng u
ca t nc cng l nhim v ca QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng
Hi phng.
pht trin cng Hi Phng thnh trung tm dch v logistics hng u
khu vc cng bin pha Bc v c nc th vn u tin l tng cng lin kt
pht trin mng dch v logistics gia cng Hi Phng vi cc cng trong khu
vc pha Bc v h thng cng bin trn c nc, ng thi lin kt vi cc
doanh nghip dch v logistics cng Hi Phng, vi cc trung tm kinh t nh
H Ni, Qung Ninh, Lo Cai v vi cc tnh trong vng ng bng Sng Hng.
Bn cnh , tr thnh trung tm logistics cng bin th cn thu ht cc
cng ty dch v logistics quc t ln n cng Hi Phng. S tp trung ca ng
o cc cng ty dch v logistics quc t l mt nguyn nhn lm nn sc mnh
ca cc nc pht trin nh Nht Bn, Singapore. Tuy nhin, thu ht c
nh vy khng phi l mt vic lm d dng, nht l trong iu kin cnh tranh
thu ht ngy cng tng cao gia cc nc nh hin nay.
Vo thi im hin ti, cha c tiu chun v c im ca trung tm dch
v logistics cng, tuy nhin cc phn tch ch ra mt s c im tin quyt
cho thnh cng l:
- Tnh a phng thc (Multimodal): lin kt gia cc phng thc vn ti
khc nhau gip chuyn ti nhanh.
-Tnh a chc nng (Multifunctional): tt c cc chc nng bao hm trong
vn ti v dch v logistics c thc hin qua: ngi vn ti, ngi giao nhn,
i l, ngi xp d, mi gii, mi gii hi quan, c quan chc nng (cng, hi

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quan,,,).
- Phc v hng ha (handling freight): Nhiu chng loi tin ch phc v
hng ha nh phn phi, container kt hp v bn lu kho ng lnh
- Thng tin in t (handling electronic information): c quyn truy cp
vo c h thng vin thng lin quan n vn ti, qun l v chui cung ng.
- Tnh kt ni (intersectional): kt ni cc hot ng lin quan trc tip n
trung tm cho n cc lnh vc kinh t, c phc v bi cc gii php vn ti
v dch v logistics.
- Chia s chi ph (sharing cost): chia s tin ch kho bi,h thng cng ngh
thng tin, pht trin dch v v kin thc.
- Dch v (services): ng gp, th tc thng quan; hot ng nghin cu
Nhn t ct yu cho s pht trin ca mt trung tm dch v logistics cng
bin l s qun l cht ch c phn cp t vn ti, dch v logistics cng cho
n cc hot ng dch v khc.
V c bn, tr thnh mt im n hp dn ca hot ng u t, kinh
doanh, i hi cc cp QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng cn
m bo cc iu kin:
- C c s vt cht m bo.
- Lut php, chnh sch r rng, hon thin; c ch th tc hnh chnh n
gin, thun tin, tit kim thi gian; quy nh chung cng nh quy nh ring v
ngnh ngh r rng v thin ch; h thng h tr nh ti chnh ngn hng, h
thng mng li thng tin pht trin.
- C mi trng cnh tranh lnh mnh. C cc chnh sch khuyn khch i
vi doanh nghip nc ngoi, khng phn bit i x, to s cng bng bnh
ng gia cc bn trong kinh doanh.
- C hot ng marketing tt v im n cng Hi Phng: tng cng
tuyn truyn v hnh nh mt cng Hi Phng vi nhng iu kin thun li v
chnh sch h tr thit thc, mt cng Hi Phng vi nhiu tim nng Khng
ch xy dng, thc hin tt nhng k hoch ra, m cn phi cho cc nh u

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t, cc cng ty, tp on... thy c s thay i . C nh vy, cng Hi

Phng mi c th nm trong danh sch nhng la chn hng u khi ra quyt
nh u t, kinh doanh, hp tc ca cc cng ty, tp on trn th gii....
Vi h thng chnh sch, php lut v s quan tm ca cc cp QLNN chc
chn vic hnh thnh trung tm dch v logistics cng Hi Phng c th thc
hin c trong tng lai gn v cng cn c s i mi v QLNN i vi dch
v logistics cng Hi Phng trong tin trnh pht trin v hi nhp quc t.
3.2.2 Mt s kin ngh v i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng.
i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng, nhm to
iu kin cho h thng dch v logistics cng Hi Phng pht trin, p ng
cc mc tiu ca lun n ra, ti xin c mt s kin ngh nhm gp phn
thay i bc u v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng nh sau:
(i)

Kin ngh vi Chnh ph

Trc ht cn y mnh vic hon chnh cc chnh sch QLNN tc

ng n hiu qu hot ng dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. Quy hoch

pht trin cng Hi Phng mt cch hp l theo hng tin dn ra bin, khng
pht trin thm cc cng dc b sng Cm v khu vc ny lung cn, hp li
nm su trong ni thnh gy ch tc giao thng. Quy hoch cc cng cn m
bo ln v c chiu di cu tu v din tch s dng cng iu kin u
t pht trin nng cao nng lc cnh tranh. Tnh ng b gia qui hoch ca
cng v h thng giao thng, cung cp in, nc, h thng dch v hu cn,
dch v kho bi, dch v logistics cn c quan tm, c bit cn c chnh sch
thu ht cc doanh nghip mnh c nng lc hot ng trong lnh vc dch v
logistics u t pht trin loi hnh dch v ny khi cc cng ln ra i (Lch
Huyn, Nam Sn) trnh hin tng manh mn nh hin nay (cn dnh qu
t ln).
y nhanh tin xy dng ng cao tc H Ni - Hi Phng, Trc mt
cn khn trng sa cha nng cp on ng t ng 3 nh V n p nh

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V m bo cho cc phng tin giao thng vn ti hng ho xut nhp khu cc

cng khu vc bn o nh V, v lu di cn xy dng cu vt ti ng 3 nh
V giao thng ni vi cng c thng sut. Ci to nng cp h thng
ng st H Ni - Hi Phng tn dng ti a nng lc ngnh vn ti kinh t
ny p ng s tng trng ca hng ho xut nhp khu trong nhng nm ti.
Tp trung u t cc cng trnh xy dng c s h tng, h thng phng
tin ng thy ni a nhm tng cng hot ng ca ngnh dch v vn ti c
rt nhiu u th i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng ny to iu kin
thun li cho i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
Tp trung n lc thc hin nhanh cc d n u t pht trin, u t
chiu su nhm nng cao nng lc sn xut kinh doanh v kh nng hi nhp ca
cng Hi Phng. Trong ch yu l d n xy dng cng ca ng Quc t Lch
Huyn v cc d n u t i mi thit b xp d hin i.
cc chnh sch i vo cuc sng, cn tng cng ch o thc hin v hot
ng thanh, kim tra. Nhng nm qua, hot ng thanh tra ca cc c quan QLNN
i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng cn bc l nhiu bt cp nh lc lng
ca h thng thanh tra t trung ng n a phng rt mng. Ti Hi Phng,
thanh tra vin thng ch c t 10 n 15 ngi thc hin kt hp vi cnh st giao
thng, thanh tra i vi nhiu lnh vc trong chui hot ng dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng. Ch ti x pht cn cha mc rn e. Hot ng thanh tra ch
yu l theo hnh thc thanh tra nh k, c bo trc, trong khi cc hnh vi vi phm
php lut v vn ti, xp d, th tc hi quanngy cng tinh vi, phc tp. Do ,
cn quy nh cht ch hn t cng tc thanh, kim tra n tng hot ng dch v
v c bit l ch ti x l. Quan tm tng cng lc lng thanh tra v s lng,
cht lng c kh nng thc thi trch nhim. Ngoi hnh thc x l vi phm
hnh chnh th nn quy nh thm trng hp "ty theo tnh cht mc vi phm c
th b truy cu hnh s". ng thi, cn quy nh r hn v cch qun l, s dng
t ngun tin tch thu t vi phm Lut, vic qun l kinh ph ny cht ch v
tun th php l. Cn kt phi hp gia thanh tra ca thnh ph vi thanh tra ca

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cc b, ngnh. C nh vy cng tc thanh tra mi phn nh kp thi ti cc cp

QLNN cc bt cp cn tho g gp phn tch cc cho cng cuc i mi v QLNN
i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng t hiu qu tt nht.

(ii) Kin ngh vi UBND thnh ph Hi Phng

ngh thnh ph kin ngh vi chnh ph v cc B quan tm thu xp
vn no vt duy tu thng xuyn lung tu vo cng t su thit k
hn ch tu phi chuyn ti, nht l i vi CVHHHP cn c chin lc v k
hoch di hn cho vic no vt, khi thng lung vo cng ch ng v kinh
ph cho hot ng ny c thng xuyn trnh tnh trng th ng nh trong
thi gian qua.
ngh thnh ph tip tc kin ngh vi B Giao thng vn ti cho php
cc cng Hi Phng tip tc c chuyn ti vi mn cc tu ln vnh H
Long, tnh Qung Ninh cho n khi cng Ca ng quc t Hi Phng ti Lch
Huyn c a vo khai thc.
Lin kt mng trong vic qun l dch v logistics cng bin. Dch v
logistics cng bin l lnh vc c tnh lin kt cao do khng mt a phng
hay quc gia no c th qun l dch v logistics mt cch c lp. Lin kt cht
ch vi cc a phng khc c trong v ngoi nc qun l dch v logistics
hiu qu, nh lin kt vi cng bin trong nc, cc cng bin quc t; lin kt
vi cc a phng trong cc hnh lang vn ti...m UBND thnh ph Hi Phng
l c quan tham mu cho chnh ph v t chc thc hin.
Tch cc trin khai thc hin n i mi t chc sn xut, kin ton b
my QLNN i vi cng Hi Phng theo m hnh trung tm dch v logistics
cng bin nhm nng cao sc cnh tranh ca cng v p ng yu cu hi nhp
kinh t quc t.
Tch cc tham gia cc chng trnh pht trin ca Tng Cng ty hng hi
Vit Nam trong c D n cng Ca g quc t Hi phng ti Lch Huyn.
Kt phi hp cht ch vi cc c quan QLNN ti cng, Hip hi cng bin Vit
Nam khng ngng i mi, ci cch th tc hnh chnh, m bo an ninh bn

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cng xy dng v pht trin cng Hi Phng ngy cng vn minh hin i, i
mi v cn bn QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng, gp phn
thc hin thnh cng n pht trin kinh t bin TP Hi Phng n nm 2015
nh hng n nm 2020.
i vi cng Hi Phng, thnh ph nn thnh lp mt b phn QLNN v
logistics, c th l thuc S K hoch v u t hn ch vic thnh lp qu
nhiu doanh nghip nh trong mt thi gian ngn theo kiu trm hoa ua n
nh thi gian gn y v cc yu t khc gy mt hiu qu c th xy ra.
(iii) Kin ngh vi Cng v Hng hi Hi Phng
Cng v hng hi Hi Phng vi nhim v l c quan thc hin chc nng
QLNN v hng hi ti cng bin v vng nc cng bin Hi Phng, l c quan
thc hin chc nng QLNN v hng hi ti cng bin Hi Phng v khu vc
qun l do B trng B giao thng vn ti quyt nh.
Nhim v chnh v QLNN ca CVHHHP i vi dch v logistics cng
Hi Phng bao gm:
Xy dng trnh Cc trng Cc hng hi Vit Nam ph duyt k hoch ti
chnh, t chc thc hin k hoch c ph duyt; Tuyn truyn, ph bin v
kim tra, gim st vic thc hin php lut v hng hi; Thc hin theo u quyn
ca c quan Nh nc c thm quyn trong vic cho thu qun l khai thc kt
cu h tng bn cng c u t bng ngun vn ngn sch Nh nc hoc c
ngun gc t ngn sch Nh nc; c quyn trc tip quan h vi t chc, c
nhn trong nc v nc ngoi thc hin chc nng, nhim v c giao.
CVHHHP l c quan QLNN v hng hi ti khu vc nhm bo m an ton
hng hi, an ninh hng hi v phng nga nhim mi trng trong khu vc
qun l, to mi trng hng hi thun li cho hot ng sn xut kinh doanh
ca cc n v, doanh nghip. i hi CVHHHP phi thc hin tt cc cng tc
nhm nng cao vai tr QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
Cn tng cng cng tc tuyn truyn, ph bin php lut hng hi thng
xuyn, nhm gim thiu cc vi phm v tai nn hng hi. Hng nm, CVHHHP

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t chc cc hi ngh tuyn truyn ph bin php lut hng hi nhm nng cao
nhn thc cho cc i tng qun l v ngi iu khin phng tin trong vic
t gic chp hnh php lut hng hi, gp phn quan trng lin kt cht ch gia
cng Hi Phng vi cc doanh nghip ng gp tch cc cho hot ng dch v
logistics cng ngy cng hiu qu.
Xy dng chin lc v k hoch cho vic no vt, khi thng lung lch
v cc quy nh phn ln, phn tuyn m bo qun l hiu qu nht i vi h
thng giao thng ng bin v ng thy ni a nhm ch ng trong cng
tc m bo su thit k ca lung tu, tng cng s gn kt linh hot vi s
kt hp gia vn ti ng bin v vn ti ng thy ni a nhm thc hin
mc tiu chuyn dn khi lng vn chuyn ng b sang vn chuyn ng
thy ni a pht huy ht nng lc vn ti ca phng tin vn chuyn c hiu
qu kinh t cao hn ny trong chui dch v logistics cng bin Hi Phng.

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KT LUN
Trong qu trnh pht trin nn kinh t ca t nc, QLNN lun ng vai
tr quyt nh n s thnh bi v kinh t ca mt quc gia. Vi tm quan trng
ca QLNN i vi dch v logistics trong nn kinh t ni chung. QLNN i vi
dch v dch v logistics cng Hi Phng l mt nhim v quyt nh c
ngha i vi chui cc hot ng t u vo n u ra ca dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng, n ng vai tr khng nh cho s pht trin kinh t ca cng
Hi Phng nm trong tng th nn kinh t ca t nc.
Lun n h thng ha cc vn v logistics cng bin v dch v
logistics cng bin. a ra m hnh logistics cng bin lm c s nghin cu
i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng; a ra mt s vn l lun chung
v QLNN i vi dch v logistics ni chung v i vi dch v logistics cng
bin ni ring. B sung, hon thin thm c s l lun, a ra khi nim v dch
v logistics cng bin, lun c khoa hc v QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng
bin nh ni dung, vai tr, cng c, phng php, cc nhn t tc ng, cc tiu
ch nh gi; h thng ha, lm r hn cc kinh nghim quc t v Vit Nam,
tng hp thnh c s khoa hc nhm vn dng sng to, ph hp vo qun l
nh nc i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng.
Lun n phn tch thc trng v tim nng ca hot ng logistics
cng Hi Phng; nh gi thc trng cng tc QLNN i vi dch v logistics
cng Hi Phng; ch ra nhng tn ti trong hot ng; nguyn nhn ca nhng
bt cp, c bit l nhng vng mc c bn cn tho g trong c ch qun l
nh nc i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng hin nay nh: Cha c c
quan qun l thng nht i vi dch v logistics cng bin; Cha c k hoch
nh k trong vic no vt, duy tu lun hng hi; Cha c quy nh v phn lun
giao thng gii quyt s chng ln gia ng thy ni a v lung ra vo
cng; Cha pht trin ng b cc loi hnh vn ti ...
Thng qua cc vn bn v ng li, ch trng ca ng, chnh sch

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ca Nh nc v cc quyt nh ca cc cp QLNN l nn tng cho xc nh

mc tiu, quan im v nh hng QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi
Phng. Lun n xut cc nhm gii php nhm i mi QLNN i vi
dch v logistics cng Hi Phng gm: Thng tin, tuyn truyn, nng cao nhn
thc v QLNN. Hon thin h thng php lut v cc c ch chnh sch h tr
pht trin QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. y mnh ng
dng khoa hc cng ngh trong QLNN theo hng pht trin E-logistics. o
to v pht trin ngun nhn lc cho QLNN. Lin kt v pht huy vai tr ca cc
hip hi c lin quan ti dch v logistics cng Hi Phng. Tng cng lin kt
mng v pht trin cng Hi Phng thnh trung tm dch v logistics hng u
khu vc cng bin pha Bc v c nc. ng thi, xut mt s kin ngh v
i mi QLNN i vi dch v logistics cng Hi Phng vi Chnh ph, vi
thnh ph Hi Phng v vi cng v Hng hi Hi Phng.
Trong khun kh ca lun n ny tc gi ch a ra c nhng vn c
bn nht. Vi thi gian hn ch, lun n khng trnh khi nhng sai st. Tc gi
cng rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin ca cc nh khoa hc ti c
th c hon thin tt nht nhm a vic nghin cu ca tc gi i vo thc
tin gp phn pht trin kinh t ca thnh ph Hi Phng trong s pht trin
chung ca nn kinh t ca c nc.

vi

DANH MC CC CNG TRNH CNG B CA TC GI

1.

Nguyn Quc Tun (2009), Cng Hi Phng vi yu cu hi nhp quc

t, Tp ch Thng mai, (22), tr. 13-14.

2.

Nguyn Quc Tun (2014), Pht trin logistics Vit Nam trong iu
kin hi nhp, Tp ch Qun l kinh t, (59), tr. 88-92.

3.

Nguyn Quc Tun (2014), Logistics Hi Phng cn c s thay i

pht trin, Tp ch Qun l kinh t, (60), tr. 59-63.

4.

Nguyn Quc Tun (2014), Pht trin ng b cc .loi hnh giao thng
cng bin Hi Phng., Tp ch Kinh t v D bo, (14), tr. 53-55.

5.

Nguyn Quc Tun (2014), Kinh nghim ca Singapore v qun l s

pht trin dch v logistics ti cng bin v bi hc cho thnh ph Hi
Phng, Tp ch nghin cu Thng mi, (9), tr. 16-19.

6.

Nguyn Quc Tun (2014), Qun l v pht trin dch v logistics:

Nhn t Singapore v Nht Bn., Tp ch Kinh t v D bo, (18), tr.
59-62.

DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

Ti liu tham kho ting Vit
1. B Cng thng - Vin Nghin cu Thng mi (2006), Nghin cu kinh
nghim quc t v dch v hu cn (logistics) v bi hc kinh nghim rt ra
cho Vit Nam, ti nghin cu khoa hc cp B
2. Phm Th Thanh Bnh Kinh nghim Nht Bn trong pht trin dch v hu
cn (logistics). Ti xung ngy 25/07/2012 t
http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/modules/news/newsdetail.aspx?cn_id=356661&c
o_id=30066
3. L Bch Chn (2009), Bn cht kinh t ca logistics,Tp ch Vietnam
Logistics Review. Ti xung ngy 14/05/2012 t
http://www.vlr.vn/vn/news/vlr-reader/thu-tbt/1297/vietnam-logistics-review5-nam-nhung-hinh-anh-ghi-dau-.vlr
4. Chnh ph (2007), Ngh nh s 140/2007/N-CP v mi v iu kin kinh
doanh dch v logistic v gii hn trch nhim i vi thng nhn kinh
doanh dch v logistics.
5. Cng ty Supply Chain Management Vit Nam (2008), Bo co kho st nhu
cu thu ngoi dch v logistics Vit Nam. Ti xung ngy 14/05/2012 t
http://www.scmvietnam.com/home/webfm_send/7
6. Nguyn Vn Chng (2007), Pht trin dch v logistics khi Vit Nam hi
nhp WTO,Tp ch Hng hi online.
7. D n H tr Thng mi a bin EU - Vit Nam MUTRAP III (2011), Cc
tham lun trong Din n logistics v dch v cng bin Vit Nam trong bi
cnh hi nhp kinh t,Vng Tu 3/2011.
8. ng Cng sn Vit Nam (2001), Vn kin i hi ng ton quc ln th
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v Phm Th Minh Tho (2011), Logistics: Nhng vn l lun v thc

xii

tin Vit Nam (sch chuyn kho), Vin Nghin cu Kinh t v Pht
trin, Trng i hc Kinh t quc dn, Nh xut bn i hc Kinh t quc
dn.
10. ng nh o (2010,2011), Pht trin cc dch v logistics nc ta trong
iu kin hi nhp quc t, ti NCKH c lp cp Nh nc, Vin
Nghin cu Kinh t v Pht trin, Trng i hc Kinh t quc dn
11. ng nh o, Nguyn Minh Sn (2012), Dch v logistics Vit Nam
trong tin trnh hi nhp quc t,Vin Nghin cu Kinh t v Pht trin,
Trng i hc Kinh t quc dn, Nh xut bn Chnh tr quc gia.
12. Th Ngc ip (2012) Logistics v c hi pht trin Vit Nam i
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13. inh L Hi H (2010), Thc trng v cc gii php pht trin cc dch v
logistics ch yu nc ta trong hi nhp kinh t quc t, Chuyn s 15,
thuc ti Nghin cu khoa hc cp nh nc: Pht trin dch v logistics
nc ta trong iu kin hi nhp kinh t quc t, M s TL 2010T/33,
Vin Nghin cu Kinh t v Pht trin, i hc Kinh t quc dn H Ni.
14. an c Hip (2010), Bo co tnh hnh thc hin k hoch pht trin kinh
t - x hi thnh ph Hi Phng 5 nm 2006 - 2010. Ti xung 28/06/2011
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D=4506&ContentID=14448
15. Hi ng nhn dn thnh ph Hi Phng kha XIII k hp th 15 Ngh
quyt s 01/2009/NQ-HND v pht trin kinh t bin thnh ph Hi Phng
n nm 2015, nh hng n nm 2020. Thng qua ngy 29/4/2009.
16. Trn S Lm v nhm nghin cu (2011), Kinh nghim pht trin trung tm
logistics ti mt s nc trn th gii v bi hc cho Vit Nam , ti M
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xiii

17. Trn Anh Phng (2008), Mt s khi nim ca l thuyt kinh t hc pht
trin ang c vn dng nc ta hin nay, Bo in t ng Cng sn
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http://dangcongsan.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=30231&c
n_id=215889
18. Xun Quang (2008), Thc trng v nh hng pht trin ngun nhn
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19. Quc hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam (2005), Lut Thng mi, Nh xut
bn Chnh tr quc gia.
20. Tp ch Qun tr Chui cung ng Vit Nam (Vietnam Supply Chain Insight)
(2011), Cc tham lun ti Hi tho Gii php Qun tr chui cung ng v
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Pht trin dch v cng bin ti Thnh ph Nng, i hc Nng
(2012)
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logistics kinh doanh , Trng i hc Thng mi, Nh xut bn Thng
k.
23. Nguyn Nh Tin (2004), Logistics v kh nng p dng, pht trin
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Nam, ti nghin cu khoa hc cp b ca B Thng mi, i hc Ngoi
thng, H Ni.
24. Th tng Chnh ph (2009), Quyt nh 2190/2009/Q-TTg ph duyt Quy
hoch pht trin h thng cng bin Vit Nam n nm 2020, nh hng
n 2030

xiv

25. Th tng Chnh ph (2011), Quyt nh 175/2011/Q-TTg ph duyt Chin

lc tng th pht trin lnh vc dch v ca Vit Nam n nm 2020
26. Trung tm Thng tin - T liu, Vin nghin cu qun l kinh t Trung ng
(2005), Pht trin kt cu h tng m bo v thc y pht trin bn
vng.
27. Nguyn Thanh Thy Khoa Kinh t vn ti bin, Trng i hc Hng hi
Khi nim v m hnh logistics cng bin Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh
Hng hi S 17 4/2009
28. Hong Ton, Mai Vn Bu Gio trnh qun l nh nc v kinh
tNh xut bn trng i hc Kinh t quc dn 2008
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Cui tun s 196, ra ngy 4/5/2007. ti xung ngy 28/06/2011 t
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30. U ban quc gia v hp tc kinh t NCIEC cam kt quc t v logistics ti
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www.nciec.gov.vn/download.asp?camketqtvelogistics%20thanh.doc
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Ni.
33. ng Cng Xng Khoa Kinh t vn ti bin, Trng HHH, xut
xy dng trung tm dch v hu cn cng bin ti khu vc cng bin Hi
Phng Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 28 11/2011,
Ti liu tham kho ting Anh
34. Amos Paul (2007),Responding to global logistics trends with a national
logistics strategy,World Bank, Washington DC.

xv

35. Asian Development Bank, ADB (2007), Development Study on the North South Economic Corridor, Regional Technical Assistance No. 6310.
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preliminary analysis, Working Paper No.49.
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Thailand, Centre for Logistics Research, Thammasat University, Thailand.
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logistics development framework,

Centre for Logistics Research,

Thammasat University, Thailand.

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- the 5 disciplines for top performance,The Mc-Graw Hill.

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45. Christopher, M. (1998), Logistics and Supply Chain Management,

McGraw - Hill, New York.
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Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer - Verlag, 2004
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Handbook of Physical Distribution Management,

3th edition, Gower Publishing Company, England.

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Systems, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
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of Logistics Management, Mc Graw - Hill, New York.
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development:

Lessons

from

Japan:

Industries,Coventry University, England.

Automotive

and

Electronic

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facilitation and the impact on poverty reduction, Japan.
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ansport%20and%20logistics%20services%3A%20issues%20to%20consider
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xviii

68. http://www.domi.org.vn/tin-tuc-su-kien/tin-nghien-cuu/quan-ly-la-gi-suthong-nhat-hoan-hao-giua-li-luan-va-thuc-tien.2816.html
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80. http://wikipedia.com

xix

PH LC
Ph lc 1: Trang thit b cng Hi Phng
n v
TT

2
3
4
5

7
8
9
10

Tn
phng
tin

Sc
nng/
cng sut

Cn trc
chn

Kirop 5
tn
Kirop 10
tn
Kirop 16
tn
Sokol 32
tn
Kondor
40 tn
Tukan 40
45 tn

Cn trc
gin QC
Cn trc
gin bnh
lp RTG
Cn trc
bnh lp
Xe nng
hng
Forklift
Xe nng
hng
Reachstac
ker
Xe nng
v Sidelift
Xe xc gt
Xe t
vn ti
thng
Xe t
u ko

Bch
ng

Hong
Diu

Trong

Cha
V

Tn
Cng

u
t
trc
nm
2000

12

12

12

4
2

35,6

u
t
sau
nm
2000

4
2

12

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12

12

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s

3 30

26

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12

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14

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20

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14

14

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75

68

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29

25

18

20

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ch

xx

11

12

13
14
15
16

km r
moc
Khung cu
bn t
ng

Khung cu
t ng

Cn cu
ni
Tu lai dt
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Cn in
t
Tu phc
v

32 40
tn

17

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tn

24

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14

55
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i
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trc

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80 120
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3
2

(Ngun phng K thut cng ngh Cng Hi Phng)

xxi

Ph lc 2: M hnh cc h thng th cp ca logistics cng bin

+ H thng h tr hnh trnh tu
Cp thng tin
h tr hng hi
Dch v
cu h

Qun
l tu

Ngi gi
hng
Cp vt
liu hng
hi

DV buc
ci dy

Bo him
P&I
Kim dch

An ton
hng hi
ng kim
tu
i l
hang hi

Bo him
hng hi

Cp vt
r mau
hng
Giao nhn vn
ti

H thng h tr
hnh trnh tu

Dch v
rc

Xng
ng
tu

Cnh st
bin

Mi gii tu

i l
thu
tu
DV y t
cho
T.vin
DV sa
hm
hng

Sa cha
thit b
logistics
Cty vn ti
bin
DV cung
cp T.vin
NM cp thit
b logistics

Sa
cha tu
Thu mua thit
b logistics

Ngun: Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 17 4/2009

Cp nhin
liu

xxii

+ H thng h tr tu vo cng
DV
thng quan

i l tu

DV h thy
xung

Phng hi
quan

Giao nhn
vn ti

MOMAF

Qun l
cng ng
thy ni a

Dch v lai
dt

Ngi gi
hng

Vn ti
thy

H thng h tr
tu vo cng

DV
Thng tin
cng

Cng ty vn
ti bin

Chnh quyn
cng

DV buc
ci dy

DV
hoa tiu

Trm phng
chy, cha
chy

C quan
kim dch

Phng
nhp cnh

Kim tra
nhim hng hi

Ngun: Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 17 4/2009

DV
an ninh
tu

xxiii

+ H thng xp d
Ngi gi
hng

i l tu

B phn
khai thc
bi

DV s lan

Giao nhn
vn ti

Hi quan

DV cn o
hng

DV ng
gi bao
b hng

H thng
xp d

DV
Cn trc
tu

DV kim
m
hng

Chnh quyn
cng

DV kim
nh hng

Nhn
cng cng

Cng ty vn
ti bin
Ngun: Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 17 4/2009

DV
Xp d
hang cho
tu

Thu mua
thit b
xp d

xxiv

+ H thng phc v hng qu cnh

DV kim
m
hng

Giao nhn
vn ti

Ngi gi
hng

i l tu

Cng nhn
vn chuyn
hng

Hi quan

Vn ti
ng ng

H thng
phc v hng
qu cnh

Vn ti b

Nhn
cng cng

Cng ty
vn ti
bin
Vn ti
ng st

Ngun: Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 17 4/2009

DV
Xp d
hng cho
tu

Thu mua
thit b
xp d

xxv

+ H thng kho bi
Ngi gi
hng

DV cn
o

Hi quan

Kho hng
tng hp

Kho hng
nguy him

DV
Xp d hng

DV
hng l

DV
bao b

i l tu

DV kim
m hng

Kho bi
khc

H thng h tr
tu vo cng

Giao
nhn vn
ti

Cng
nhn cng

Bn

Kho
nng
nghip

DV kim
nh

Kho ng
lnh

Cng ty vn
ti bin

Ngun: Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 17 4/2009

xxvi

+ H thng lin kt vn ti ni a

Vn ti s lan v
ng thy ni a

i l tu

Ngi gi hng

Vn ti ven
bin

Xp d ng
b v hng
khng

Cng nhn
phc v vn
ti ni a
Vn ti b
hng c bit

Cty vn ti
ng ng

H thng lin
kt vn ti ni
a

Giao
nhn vn
ti

DV
Xp d hng

Vn ti hng
khng

Vn ti hng
thng thng

Cng
nhn
cng
Cng ty
ng st

Cng ty vn
ti bin

Ngun: Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Hng hi S 17 4/2009

xxvii

Ph lc 3: Phiu iu tra cc doanh nghip

B K HOCH V U T
VIN NGHIN CU QUN L KINH T TRUNG NG

PHIU IU TRA
Knh gi:...
nh gi thc t cng tc qun l i vi dch v logistics ca thnh
ph Hi phng theo tinh thn Ngh quyt s 32/NQ-TW ngy 05 thng 8 nm
2003 ca B chnh tr v xy dng v pht trin Thnh ph Hi Phng trong thi
k cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc v Quyt nh 2190/2009/Q-TTg
ca Th Tng Chnh ph ban hnh ngy 24/12/2009 ph duyt Quy hoch pht
trin h thng cng bin Vit Nam n nm 2020, nh hng n 2030. Vin
Nghin cu Qun l Kinh t Trung ng tin hnh ly kin ca mt s doanh
nghip trn a bn thnh ph Hi Phng. Chng ti rt mong c s ng gp
thc t ca cc doanh nghip theo ni dung sau.

Tn doanh nghip.
a ch..
in thoi.
Email
H tn ngi i din.......................................................................................
PHN NH GI
1.

Mc ph hp cho vn ti hng ha ca h thng giao thng thnh

ph Hi Phng
Ph hp
2.

Tng i Ph hp

Cha ph hp

Mc ng b v c s h tng ca thnh Hi Phng vi vn ti a

phng thc

xxviii

ng b
3.

Tng i ng b

Cha ng b

Mc kt ni h thng ng giao thng gia thnh ph Hi Phng

vi cc tnh, thnh ph khc

Tt
4.

Trung bnh

Km

S quan tm, ch trng n quy hoch mt bng cho pht trin logistics

(trung tm logistics, kho bi...) ca thnh ph Hi Phng

Ch trng

Cha ch trng
Hi Phng, ngy.... thng .....nm 2012
I DIN DOANH NGHIP

Ph lc 4: THNG K PHIU IU TRA CC DOANH NGHIP

STT

n v

Cty CP vn ti bin Q. t Bnh Minh

Chi nhnh cty CP vn ti thy s 4 XN dch v trc vt
Cty CP vn ti thy s 4
Cty CP Kim Ti
Cty TNHH tip vn Kim Hng
Cty TNHH tip vn Si Gn
Cty CP Cng ngh v TM Trang
Khanh
Cty CP TM v XD Hoa Dng
Cty TNHH Thanh Bin
Cty TNHH TM DV NGT
Chi nhnh cty TNHH sn xut nha
TMDV Ton Thnh
Cty TNHH Gim nh Nht Minh
Cty CP vn ti v cung ng ngun
nhn lc Hng hi Q.T
Cty TNHH giao nhn vn ti con c
Heo
Cty TNHH vn ti TM Quc Tun
Cty TNHH TM DV v vn ti Xun
Lm

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Ph
hp
x

Cu 1
T Ph
Cha
hp
Ph hp

ng
b

Cu 2
T
ng b
x

x
x

Cu 3
Cha
Tt
ng b

TB
x

Cu 4
Ch Cha ch
Km
trng
trng
x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x
x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

xxx
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

Cty TNHH TMDV Hin Khoa

Cty CP DV vn ti v TM Transco
XN DV vn ti CN cty CP Vn ti
bin VINASHIP
Cty CP vn ti bin VINASHIP
Cty TNHH Tip vn Hi Minh
Cty CP vn ti bin Vit Nam
Cty TNHH 1 TV Vn ti bin v XK
lao ng
Cty TNHH gim nh Vit H
Cty CP TM v DV vn ti Quang
Khnh
Cty TNHH vn ti Xun Thnh
Cty CP vn ti Hi An
Cty TNHH TM v XNK 3H
Cty TNHH Vit Hi
Cty No vt ng bin 1
Cty TNHH tip vn Quc T en ta
Cty CP vn ti v tip vn chu
TBD
Cty TNHH TM tip vn i Phc
Cty TNHH TM DV giao nhn vn ti
Tun Khi
Cty CP TM v xp d vn ti Hi
Phng
Cty TNHH TM v giao nhn vn ti

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x
x

xxxi

37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

Khnh Ngc
Cty TNHH An Tin t
Cty CP TM v Vn ti Duy Phong
Cty CP CAN
Cty CP Lai dt v Vn ti cng Hi
Phng
Cty TNHH TM vn ti v Du lch
Phng Anh
Cty TNHH Long Giang
Cty CP TM vn ti t Thng
Cty CP TM vn ti Trung Hiu
Cty TNHH TM v Vn ti Q. T An
Thng
Cty CP TM v vn ti Lin Quc
Cty vn ti bin ng Long
Cty CP cng Nam Hi
Cty CP TM DV vn ti xi mng Hi
Phng
Cty c phn vn ti VIETUNI
1

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

x
40

x
39

x
38

x
45

11

12

Ph lc 5: Xp hng cc quc gia v ch s hiu qu dch v logistics (LPI)

Quc gia

Th hng

im (im ti a l 5,0)

Singapore

4,13

Hng Kng, Trung

Quc

4,12

Phn Lan

4,05

4,03

H Lan

4,02

an Mch

4,02

3,98

Nht Bn

3,93

Hoa K

3,93

Anh

10

3,90

11

3,89

Php

12

3,85

Thy in

13

3,85

Canada

14

3,85

Thy S

15

3,80

Cc tiu vng quc

Rp

16

3,78

17

3,73

i loan (Trung Quc)

18

3,71

Ty Ban Nha

19

3,70

Hn Quc

20

3,70

Vit Nam

53

3,00

Ngun: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy - World Bank 2012

xxxiii

Ph lc 6: Cc hng tu container ti Hi Phng

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

Tn hng Tu
APL
China Shipping
CMA-CGM
COSCO
Evergreen
Germadept
Grand China
Hanjin
Happag Lloyd
Heung A
Hub Line
Hyundai
K-Line
KMTC
MELL
Mearsk - MCC
MOL
MSC
Nam Sung
NYK
OOCL
PIL
POS
RCL
Sinotran
SITC
STX-Pan Ocean
TS Line
VOSCO
WanHai
Yang Ming
Zim

Ta nh
K.sn hi qun tng 2
Hatradimex - tng 5
K. sn Hi Qun - tng 5
Ta nh Thnh t-tng 5
Central Tower - tng 15
TD Plaza - tng 6
Vosa Orimas
Ta nh DG - tng 3
Ta nh Vinatrans - tng 4
Nh khch Hi qun
TD Plaza - tng 5
Ta nh ACB - tng 8
TD Plaza - tng4
Habour View - tng 3
Ta nh Hi An tng 7
Ta nh ACB - tng 7
Ta nh TD Plaza - tng 5
Cng ty Viconship
Cng ty Northfreight
Harbour View - tng 8
TD Plaza
Ta nh Thnh t-tng 6
TD Plaza - tng 6
Ta nh Vinatrans
Cng ty Orimas
TD Plaza - tng 4
TD Plaza - tng 4
Vn phng cty Viconship
Cng ty VOSCO
TD Plaza - tng 6
Ta nh DG - tng 6
TD Plaza - tng 5

a ch
S 5 L T Trng
S 22 L T Trng
S 5 L T Trng
S 3 L Thnh Tng
S 43 Quang Trung
L 20A, L Hng Phong
54 L Li
15 Trn Ph
208 Cha V
27C in Bin Ph
L 20A, L Hng Phong
15 Hong Diu
L 20A, L Hng Phong
S 8 Trn Ph
ng nh V
15 Hong Diu
L 20A, L Hng Phong
S 11 V Th Su
25 in Bin Ph
S 8 Trn Ph
L 20A, L Hng Phong
S 3 L Thnh Tng
L 20A, L Hng Phong
208 Cha V
54 L Li
L 20A, L Hng Phong
L 20A, L Hng Phong
S 11 V Th Su
215 Lch Tray
L 20A, L Hng Phong
15 Trn Ph
L 20A, L Hng Phong

Ngun: http://www.container-transportation.com/hang-tau-container-tai-hai-phong.html

xxxiv

Ph lc 7. Mt s chnh sch ca Chnh ph lin quan n cng tc QLNN

i vi dch v logistics
S vn bn
178/2002/Q-TTg

271/2006/Q-TTg

27/2007/Q-TTg

2190/Q-TTg

175/Q-TTg
950/Q/TTg

Ni dung
Quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph v thc hin
th im ci cch th tc hnh chnh ti cc cng
bin thuc khu vc cc tnh, thnh ph: B RaVng Tu, Qung Ninh, Nng v Hi Phng
Quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph
duyt iu chnh, b sung Quy hoch tng th
pht trin kinh t- x hi thnh ph Hi Phng n
nm 2020.
Quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph
duyt n pht trin thng mi trong nc n
nm 2010 v nh hng n nm 2020
Quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph
duyt Quy hoch pht trin h thng cng bin
Vit Nam n nm 2020, nh hng n nm
2030.
Quyt nh ph duyt chin lc tng th pht
trin khu vc dch v ca Vit Nam n nm
2020
Quyt nh v chng trnh hnh ng thc
hin chin lc xut nhp khu thi k 20112020, nh hng n 2030
Ngun: Tng hp ca tc gi t cc vn bn php quy

Ngy ban
hnh
13/12/2002

27/11/2006

15/02/2007

24/12/2009

27/01/2011
25/07/2012

xxxv

Ph lc 8. Mt s quyt nh, ch th ca B Cng Thng i vi dch v

logistics cng Hi Phng
S vn bn
7052/Q-BCT

1856/Q-BCT

3098/Q-BCT
889/Q-BCT

12/CT-BCT

5047/Q-BCT

5540/Q-BCT

Ni dung

Ngy ban
hnh

Quyt nh ph duyt "Quy hoch pht trin kt

cu h tng thng mi trn tuyn hnh lang kinh
31/12/2010
t Lng Sn-H Ni-Hi Phng-Qung Ninh giai
on n nm 2020, c xt n nm 2025"
Quyt nh ban hnh K hoch v cc gii php
iu hnh xut nhp khu nm 2011 v thi gian
ti ca B Cng Thng
Quyt nh ph duyt Quy hoch tng th pht
trin thng mi Vit Nam giai on 2011 - 2020
v nh hng n nm 2030
Quyt nh v vic ph duyt Chng trnh theo
di thi hnh php lut nm 2012
Ch th v vic trin khai thc hin Quyt nh s
808/Q-TTg ngy 29 thng 6 nm 2012 v
Chng trnh hnh ng thc hin Chin lc
tng th pht trin khu vc dch v ca Vit Nam
n nm 2020
Quyt nh ban hnh K hoch ca ngnh Cng
Thng trin khai Chng trnh hnh ng thc
hin Chin lc xut nhp khu hng ha thi k
2011-2020, nh hng n nm 2030
Quyt nh v vic ph duyt Chin lc pht
trin khoa hc v cng ngh ngnh Cng Thng
giai on 2011 2020
Ngun: Tng hp ca tc gi t cc vn bn php quy

19/04/2011

24/06/2011
29/02/2012

09/08/2012

30/08/2012

06/08/2013

xxxvi

Ph lc 9. Mt s vn bn nh hng ca B Giao thng vn ti i vi

dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
S vn bn
10/2007/TTBGTVT
31/2010/TTBGTVT
1741 /QBGTVT
402/TBBGTVT
10/2013/TTBGTVT

25/2013/TTBGTVT

50/2013/TTBGTVT

Ni dung
Thng t hng dn thc hin Ngh nh s
71/2006/N-CP ngy 25 thng 7 nm 2006 ca
Chnh ph v qun l cng bin v lung hng hi
Thng t cng b vng nc cng bin thuc a
phn thnh ph Hi Phng v khu vc qun l
ca Cng v hng hi Hi Phng
Ph duyt Quy hoch chi tit nhm cng bin pha
Bc (Nhm 1) n nm 2020, nh hng n
nm 2030
Thng bo kt lun ca Th trng Nguyn Hng
Trng ti cuc hp xut c ch thc hin no
vt duy tu tuyn lung hng hi Hi Phng
Thng t ca B Giao thng vn ti hng dn
thc hin mt s iu ca ngh nh 21/2012 ngy
21/03/2012 ca chnh ph v qun l cng bin v
lung hng hi
Thng t ca B Giao thng vn ti : Quy nh v
trnh t, th tc thc hin no vt lung hng hi,
khu nc, vng nc trong vng nc cng bin
kt hp tn thu sn phm, khng s dng ngn
sch nh nc v qun l nh nc v hng hi
i vi hot ng thm d, khai thc khong sn
trong vng nc cng bin v lung hng hi
Thng t ca B trng B Giao thng vn ti
cng b vng nc cng bin thuc a phn
thnh ph Hi Phng v khu vc qun l ca
Cng v Hng hi Hi Phng
Ngun: Tng hp ca tc gi t cc vn bn php quy

Ngy ban
hnh
06/08/2007

01/10/2010

03/08/2011

18/10/2011

08/05/2013

29/08/2013

16/12/2013

xxxvii

Ph lc 10. Mt s vn bn hng dn thanh tra vic thc hin chnh sch,

quy hoch, k hoch pht trin dch v logistics cng Hi Phng
S vn bn
17/2003/CT-TTg
55/2011/N-CP
402 /TB-BGTVT
10/CT-BGTVT
65/2011/TTBGTVT

Ni dung
Ch th ca th tng chnh ph v tng cng
cng tc qun l nh nc trong lnh vc bo
m an ton hng hi
Ngh nh quy nh chc nng nhim v quyn hn
v t chc b my ca t chc php ch
Kt lun ca Th trng Nguyn Hng Trng
ti cuc hp xut c ch thc hin no vt
duy tu tuyn lung hng hi Hi Phng
Tng cng cng tc thanh tra chuyn ngnh
GTVT
Quy nh v ng kim tu bin

Ban hnh K hoch h tr php l cho doanh

nghip
Kt lun ca lnh o B GTVT ti cuc hp
101/TB-BGTVT Tng kt cng tc thanh tra GTVT nm 2011,
trin khai nhim v nm 2012
Thnh lp Ban ch o v T cng tc ca B
63/Q-BGTVT
Giao thng vn ti (GTVT) v C ch mt ca
ASEAN v C ch hi quan mt ca quc gia
Ban hnh Quy ch thc hin gii p php lut
1529/Q-BGTVT ca B Giao thng vn ti trong cng tc h
tr php l cho doanh nghip.
Chuyn tuyn lung Knh Ci Trp, thnh ph
2389/Q-BGTVT Hi Phng cho Cc Hng Hi Vit Nam t
chc qun l, s dng
Thnh lp Ban Ch o thc hin Chin lc
quc gia bo m trt t an ton giao thng
ng b n nm 2020 v tm nhn n nm
3189/Q-BGTVT 2030 v n i mi, tip tc nng cao
cht lng v hiu qu cng tc tuyn truyn,
ph bin, gio dc php lut v an ton giao
thng giai on 2012-2016 ca B GTVT.
Quy nh v kim nh an ton k thut v bo
56/2012/TTv mi trng phng tin giao thng c gii
BGTVT
ng b
427/Q-BGTVT

Ngun: Tng hp ca tc gi t cc vn bn php quy

Ngy ban
hnh
04/08/2003
04/ 07/2011
18/10/2011
30/11/2011
27/12/2011
01/03/2012
05/03/2012

21/03/2012

29/06/2012

01/10/2012

10/12/2012

27/12/2012