Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3-1
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-2
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-3
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-4
Based on the apex height of the roof wedge (3.85 m), lower left wedge
(3.32 m) and lower right wedge (2.59 m) we will use a bolt length of 5
meters to support these wedges. We are not concerned with the Floor
Wedge in this tutorial since it is stable and does not require support.
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-5
Enter a bolt length of 5 meters. We will leave all other values at the
default settings. Select OK.
Now we can add the bolt pattern graphically with the mouse, as follows:
1. First of all, notice that as you move the mouse cursor, a red crosshair icon tracks along the opening section boundary, and follows
the mouse movement.
2. Hover the mouse cursor over the lower right vertex of the opening
section (the vertex at 277.5, 306). When the red cross-hair cursor
is exactly on the vertex (it will automatically snap to the nearest
vertex), click the left mouse button. This will define the starting
point for the bolt pattern.
3. If you immediately see a bolt pattern around the entire opening
section, dont worry, this is normal. Move the mouse in a counterclockwise direction around the opening section boundary, and you
will see the bolt pattern displayed as the mouse is moved.
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-6
4. Remember: a bolt pattern is always generated in a counterclockwise direction around the opening section boundary.
5. When the red cross-hair cursor is at the lower left vertex of the
boundary (the vertex at 264.5, 303), click the left mouse button
again, and the bolt pattern will be added to the model as shown
in the following figure.
6. NOTE: if you make a mistake and create an incorrect pattern,
dont worry just select Undo (from the toolbar or the Edit
menu), and try again, repeating steps 2 to 5, until the bolt
pattern looks like the figure below.
The spacing of the bolts along the boundary is 1.5 meters. This is
the In-plane Spacing we used in the Add Bolt Pattern dialog.
The bolt pattern begins exactly on the first point that you clicked
on, but it will not necessarily end exactly on the second point
(unless the distance between the two points is an exact multiple
of the in-plane spacing).
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-7
Bolt Properties
We will now discuss the properties of the bolts we have just installed. To
define bolt properties, select Bolt Properties from the sidebar or the
Support menu.
For this tutorial, we will initially use the default bolt type and properties,
which is a Mechanically Anchored bolt with a 10 tonne capacity.
Select Cancel in the Bolt Properties dialog.
This bolt property type (Bolt Property 1) is already assigned to the bolt
pattern (when we added the bolts with the Add Bolt Pattern dialog), so
we do not need to assign the properties.
Other bolt types available in Unwedge include Grouted Dowel, Cable
Bolt, Split Set and Swellex.
For complete details about how bolt properties are implemented in
Unwedge, see the Unwedge help system.
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-8
3D Wedge View
Now lets take a look at the model in the 3D Wedge View.
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-9
0.791
0.210
0.607
1.059
2.511
Roof Wedge
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-10
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-11
Since we are currently viewing the 3D Wedge View, lets use the rightclick shortcut method.
1. Right click on ANY bolt in the pattern, in ANY view (e.g.
perspective, top, front or side view).
2. Select Edit Perimeter Bolt Pattern from the popup menu.
3. You will see the Edit Bolt Pattern on Perimeter dialog. Change
the In Plane pattern spacing to 2 meters, and the Out of Plane
pattern spacing to 2 meters. Select OK.
Notice that the safety factor of all three wedges has decreased
slightly. This is because the new pattern spacing has resulted in
fewer bolts which intersect the wedges.
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-12
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-13
Notice that the safety factor of the 3 wedges has decreased. Although the
swellex bolt tensile capacity (10 tonnes) is the same as the previous
mechanically anchored bolt type, a swellex bolt can also fail by pullout or
stripping at the ends of the bolt, if the bond strength or face plate
capacity is exceeded.
We will illustrate this by displaying the support force diagram for the
bolts.
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-14
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-15
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-16
We will use the default properties (Shotcrete Property 1), so just select OK.
Now add the shotcrete layer graphically with the mouse, as follows:
1. First of all, notice that as you move the mouse cursor, a red crosshair icon tracks along the opening section boundary, and follows
the mouse movement.
2. Hover the mouse cursor over the lower right vertex of the opening
section (the vertex at 277.5, 306). When the red cross-hair cursor
is exactly on the vertex (it will automatically snap to the nearest
vertex), click the left mouse button. This will define the starting
point for the shotcrete layer.
3. If you immediately see the shotcrete layer around the entire
opening section, dont worry, this is normal. Move the mouse in a
counter-clockwise direction around the opening section
boundary, and you will see the shotcrete layer displayed as the
mouse is moved. The shotcrete layer is displayed as a narrow
coloured strip along the inside of the opening section boundary.
4. Remember: a shotcrete layer is always generated in a counterclockwise direction around the opening section boundary.
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-17
5. When the red cross-hair cursor is at the lower left vertex of the
boundary (the vertex at 264.5, 303), click the left mouse button
again, and the shotcrete layer will be added to the model as
shown in the following figure.
6. NOTE: if you make a mistake and create an incorrect layer, dont
worry just select Undo (from the toolbar or the Edit menu), and
try again, repeating steps 2 to 5, until your screen looks like the
figure below.
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-18
Shotcrete Properties
Properties of shotcrete are defined with the Shotcrete Properties option.
Select Shotcrete Properties from the sidebar or the Support menu.
As you can see, the shotcrete properties are shear strength, unit weight
and thickness. We have used the default properties (a 10 cm thick layer
with shear strength = 100 tonnes/m2).
NOTE: for more information about how the shotcrete support force is
implemented in the wedge stability calculations, and the failure mode
assumptions, see the Theory > Support > Shotcrete Support Force
topic in the Unwedge help system.
Lets define another shotcrete property type. This is done by selecting the
Add button in the Shotcrete Properties dialog:
Select the Add button once to create a new shotcrete property type. Change
the colour of the new type to a different colour (e.g. red), and enter shear
strength = 50 tonnes/m2. Select OK.
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-19
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual
3-20
Unwedge v.3.0
Tutorial Manual