Problems (Force Systems)

1.

Problems (Force Systems)

2. Determine the x-y components of the tension T which is applied to point

A of the bar OA. Neglect the effects of the small pulley at B. Assume that r
and q are known. Also determine the n-t components of the tension T for
T=100 N and q=35o.

x-y coordinates
AB

r 3 2 cos q - 2 sin q

r r cos q
1 cos q

r 3 2 cos q - 2 sin q
3 2 cos q - 2 sin q
r - r sin q
1 - sin q
sin b

r 3 2 cos q - 2 sin q
3 2 cos q - 2 sin q
cos b

q
b

r - rsin q

r - r sin q 2 r r cosq 2

T
b

1 cos q
3 2 cos q - 2 sin q
sin q - 1
Ty -T sin b T
3 2 cos q - 2 sin q

Tx T cos b T

r + rcos q

n-t coordinates (for q=35o and T=100 N)

1 - sin 35
o
13.19
1 cos 35
Tn T cos q b 100 cos 35 13.19 66.67 N

b arctan

Tt T sin q b 100 sin 35 13.19 74.54 N

q
b

Problems (Force Systems)

3. In the design of the robot to insert the small cylindrical part into a close-fitting
circular hole, the robot arm must exert a 90 N force P on the part parallel to the axis of
the hole as shown. Determine the components of the force which the part exerts on the
robot along axes (a) parallel and perpendicular to the arm AB, and (b) parallel and
perpendicular to the arm BC.

Problems (Force Systems)

4. The unstretched length of

the spring is r. When pin P is
in an arbitrary position q,

determine the x- and ycomponents of the force

which the spring exerts on
the

pin.

answer

for

Evaluate

your

r=400

mm,

k=1.4 kN/m and q =40.

Problems (Force Systems)

5. Three forces act on the bracket. Determine the magnitude and direction

q of F2 so that the resultant force is directed along the positive u axis and
has a magnitude of 50 N.

F3=52 N

F1=80 N

if R=50 N q =? F2 =?

Resultant

R R cos 25i - R sin 25 j

F1 80i

R 50 cos 25i - 50 sin 25 j

F3=52 N

R 45.315i - 21.13 j

F2 F2 cosq 25i - F2 sin q 25 j

5
12
F3 52 i 52 j 20i 48 j
13
13

F R Fx i Fy j
80 F2 cosq 25 20 45.315

F2 cosq 25 -54.685

- F2 sin q 25 48 -21.13

F2 sin q 25 69.13

F1=80 N

2
1

F2 sin q 25
69.13

F2 cosq 25 - 54.685

tan q 25 -1.264

q 103.35

F2 88.14 N

Problems (Force Systems)

6. The turnbuckle T is tightened until the tension in cable OA is 5 kN. Express the
force acting on point O as a vector. Determine the projection of onto the y-axis
and onto line OB. Note that OB and OC lies in the x-y plane.

Problems (Force Systems)

7. The cable BC carries a tension of 750 N. Write this tension as a force acting on
point B in terms of the unit vectors , and . The elbow at A forms a right angle.

Problems (Force Systems)

8. In opening a door which is equipped with a heavy-duty return mechanism, a person exerts
a force P of magnitude 40 N as shown. Force P and the normal n to the face of the door lie in
a vertical plane. Express P as a vector and determine the angles qx, qy and qz which the line of
action of P makes with the positive x-, y- and z-axes.

Problems (Force Systems)

9. The spring of constant k = 2.6 kN/m is attached to the disk at point A and to the end
fitting at point B as shown. The spring is unstretched when qA and qB are both zero. If
the disk is rotated 15 clockwise and the end fitting is rotated 30 counterclockwise,

determine a vector expression for the force

which the spring exerts at point A.

Problems (Force Systems)

10 An overhead crane is used to reposition the boxcar within a railroad car-repair

shop. If the boxcar begins to move along the rails when the x-component of the
cable tension reaches 3 kN, calculate the necessary tension T in the cable.
Determine the angle qxy between the cable and the vertical x-y plane.

Tx=3 kN, calculate tension T, the angle qxy between the cable and the vertical x-y plane.

Unit vector of

nT

5i 4 j k

52 4 2 12

nT 0.77i 0.617 j 0.154k

in vector form

T T 0.77i 0.617 j 0.154k

x-component of

0.77T 3

T 3.896 kN (magnitude of )

y and z-components of

Ty 0.6173.896 2.4 kN

T 3i 2.4 j 0.6k

Tz 0.1543.896 0.6 kN

Txy Tx2 Ty2 32 2.4 2 3.84 kN

Txy 3.84
cos q xy

0.896
q xy 9.598
T
3.89

Problems (Force Systems)

11. The rectangular plate is supported by hinges along its side BC and by the
cable AE. If the cable tension is 300 N, determine the projection onto line BC of

the force exerted on the plate by the cable. Note that E is the midpoint of the
horizontal upper edge of the structural support.

If T=300 N, determine the projection onto line BC of the force exerted on the plate by the cable.

, ,
400, 0, 0

B (0, 0, 0)

0, 120025, 120025
C (0, 507.14, -1087.57)
0, 120025, 60025
E (0, 507.14, -543.78)

- 400i 507.14 j - 543.78k

T TnT 300

844.33

T -142.12i 180.19 j - 193.21k

Unit vector of

nBC - cos 25k sin 25 j 0.423 j - 0.906k

Projection of T onto line BC

TBC

T nBC - 142.12i 180.19 j - 193.21k 0.423 j - 0.906k

TBC 251.26 N

nBC

25o
25o

Problems (Force Systems)

12. The y and z scalar components of a force are 100 N and 200 N, respectively. If
the direction cosine l=cosqx of the line of action of the force is -0.5, write as a
vector.

Fy 100 N

Fz 200 N

l 2 m2 n2 1

l -0.5

m 2 n 2 1 - 0.52

m 2 n 2 0.75

Fy2 Fz2 223.61 N Fyz

Fy F cos q y Fm

Fz F cos q z Fn

F 0.75 223.61

F 258.2 N

Fx F cos q x -129.1 N

F -129.1i 100 j 200k

Problems (Force Systems)

13. Determine the parallel and normal components of force in vector form with

respect to a line passing through points A and B.

Cartesian components of

Fxy 75

5 3
2

64.311 kN

Fx Fxy cos 50 41.34 kN

Fz 75

5 3
2

38.59 kN

F 41.34i 49.265 j 38.59k

(6, 4, 8) m
(3, 2, 5) m

Fy Fxy sin 50 49.265 kN

3

5
x

50

F=75 kN

F 41.34i 49.265 j 38.59k

Unit vector of line AB

3i 2 j 3k
n AB
0.639i 0.426 j 0.639k
2
2
2
3 2 3

n AB

A
(3, 2, 5) m

Parallel component of to line AB

3
5
(its scalar value) :

50
x
F// F n AB

F// 41.34i 49.265 j 38.59k 0.639i 0.426 j 0.639k

(6, 4, 8) m

F=75 kN

F// 41.340.639 49.2650.426 38.590.639 72.14 kN

Parallel component of to line AB (in vector form):

F// F// n AB 72.14 0.639i 0.426 j 0.639k 46.14i 30.76 j 46.14k

Normal component of to line AB (in vector form):

F F - F// -4.8i 18.505 j - 7.55k

Problems (Force Systems)

14. Determine the magnitude and

direction angles of the resultant force
acting on the bracket.

Resultant

R F F1 F2

F1 -450
cos
45 sin 30i 450
cos
45 cos 30 j 450 sin 45k

F1 xy

F1 xy

F1 -159.1i 275.57 j 318.2k

Direction angles for

q x 45

q y 60

q z 90

Direction cosines

cos 2 q x cos 2 q y cos 2 q z 1

m2 n2 1

cos 2 45 cos 2 60 cos 2 q z 1

cos 2 q z 0.25

q z 90

cos q z 0.5

cos q z -0.5
q z 120

F2 600 cos 45i 600 cos 60 j 600 cos120k

F2 424.26i 300 j - 300k

F1 -159.1i 275.57 j 318.2k

Resultant R F F1 F2

F2 424.26i 300 j - 300k

R - 159.1 424.26i 275.57 300 j 318.2 - 300k

R 265.16i 575.57 j 18.2k

Magnitude of Resultant Force

R R 265.16 2 575.57 2 18.2 2 633.97 N

Direction Cosines of Resultant Force

Ry
Rx
cos q x
cos q y
R
R
265.16
cos q x
0.418
633.97

Rz
cos q z
R
575.57
cos q y
0.907
633.97

cos q z

18.2
0.029
633.97

Direction angles for

q x arccos(0.418) 65.3

q y arccos(0.907) 24.9

q z arccos(0.029) 88.3

Problems (Force Systems)

15. Express the force as a vector in terms of unit vectors , and .

Determine the direction angles qx, qy and qz which makes with the

positive x-, y-, and z-axes.

Position vector

rB / A AB - 25 - 15i 50 - - 20 j 40 - - 25k

rB / A AB -40i 70 j 65k
Unit vector

r
- 40i 70 j 65k
n B / A
2
2
2
rB / A
40

70

65

103.56

n -0.386i 0.676 j 0.627k

F Fn 750 - 0.386i 0.676 j 0.627k -289.5i 507 j 470.25k

Direction cosines

l -0.386

m 0.676

l cos q x -0.386

Direction angles m cos q y 0.676

n cos q z 0.627

n 0.627

q x 112.7

q y 47.47

q z 51.17

m2 n2 1