CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN 18:2014/BXD

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

AN TON TRONG XY DNG
National technical regulation
on Safety in Construction

H NI 2014

QCVN 18:2014/BXD

QCVN 18:2014/BXD

Mc lc
Mc lc...3
Li ni u.4
1 Quy nh chung.5
1.1 Phm vi iu chnh.......5
1.2 i tng p dng....5
1.3 Ti liu vin dn.5
1.4 Gii thch t ng....6
2 Quy nh k thut......6
2.1 Yu cu chung.......6
2.2 T chc mt bng cng trng..7
2.3 Lp t v s dng in trong thi cng...11
2.4 Cng tc bc xp v vn chuyn..13
2.5 S dng dng c cm tay..18
2.6 S dng xe my xy dng.20
2.7 Cng tc khoan...24
2.8 Gin gio, gi v thang.25
2.9 Cng tc hn....29
2.10 T chc mt bng v s dng my cc xng gia cng ph...34
2.11 S dng bi tum, ma tt v lp cch ly....35
2.12 Cng tc t...36
2.13 Cng tc mng v h ging chm...44
2.14 Thi cng cc cng trnh ngm....46
2.15 Cng tc sn xut va v b tng.51
2.16 Cng tc xy..52
2.17 Cng tc cp pha, ct thp v b tng..55
2.18 Cng tc lp ghp.....59
2.19 Lm vic trn cao v mi........62
2.20 Cng tc hon thin.....64
2.21 Cng tc lp rp thit b cng ngh v ng ng dn.....67
2.22 Cng tc lp t thit b in v mng li in.....74
2.23 Cng tc tho d, sa cha, m rng nh v cng trnh..78
2.24 Thi cng trn mt nc.......81
3. T chc thc hin...............................................................................................................................82

QCVN 18:2014/BXD

Li ni u
QCVN 18:2014/BXD do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng bin son,
V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi trng trnh duyt, B Khoa hc Cng
ngh thm nh, B Xy dng ban hnh km theo Thng t s:
14/2014/TT-BXD ngy 05 thng 9 nm 2014 ca B trng B Xy
dng.

QCVN 18:2014/BXD

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V AN TON TRONG XY DNG

National technical regulation
on Safety in Constructions

1 Quy nh chung
1.1 Phm vi iu chnh
Quy chun ny quy nh nhng yu cu k thut an ton trong xy dng cng trnh dn dng, cng
nghip v h tng k thut th (sau y gi tt l cng trnh xy dng).
Cc yu cu v trang b an ton cho ngi lao ng, kim nh an ton my mc trn cng trng tun
theo cc quy nh hin hnh ca B Lao ng Thng binh v X hi.

1.2 i tng p dng

Quy chun ny p dng cho cc t chc v c nhn c lin quan n hot ng xy dng cng trnh.

1.3 Ti liu vin dn

Cc ti liu vin dn sau l cn thit cho vic p dng quy chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi
nm cng b th p dng phin bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b th
p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c).
QCVN 01:2008/BCT, Quy chun k thut quc gia v an ton in;
QCVN 02:2008/BCT, Quy chun k thut quc gia v an ton trong bo qun, vn chuyn, s dng v
tiu hu vt liu n cng nghip;
QCVN QT-5:2009/BCT, Quy chun k thut quc gia v k thut in, Tp 5 Kim nh trang thit
b h thng in;
QCVN QT-06:2009/BCT, Quy chun k thut quc gia v k thut in, Tp 6 Vn hnh, sa cha
trang thit b h thng in;
QCVN QT-07:2009/BCT, Quy chun k thut quc gia v k thut in, Tp 7 Thi cng cc cng
trnh in;
QCVN 02:2011/BLTBXH, Quy chun k thut quc gia v an ton lao ng i vi thang my in;
QCVN 03:2011/BLTBXH Quy chun k thut quc gia v an ton lao ng i vi my hn in v
cng vic hn in;
QCVN 07:2012/BLTBXH Quy chun k thut quc gia v an ton lao ng i vi thit b nng.

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
1.4 Gii thch t ng
Cc t ng trong Quy chun ny c hiu nh sau:
1.4.1 C quan chc nng c thm quyn: l c quan Nh nc c thm quyn v xy dng ban hnh
cc quy nh v hot ng xy dng; thanh tra, kim tra v xy dng theo quy nh ca php lut.
1.4.2 Ngi lao ng: l ngi ang lm vic trong cng trng hoc c s sn xut ca ngnh Xy
dng.
1.4.3 Xe my xy dng: l cc phng tin vn chuyn c gii v cc trang thit b phc v thi cng
xy lp ti cc cng trnh xy dng.

2 Quy nh v k thut
2.1 Yu cu chung
2.1.1 Khng c php thi cng khi cha c y cc h s (ti liu) thit k bin php k thut v
t chc thi cng, trong phi th hin cc bin php k thut m bo an ton lao ng v phng
chng chy, n.
2.1.2 Ngi lao ng lm vic trn cao v di hm su phi c ti ng dng c ngh. Khng
c th, nm cc loi vt liu, dng c, ngh trn cao xung.
2.1.3 Ch nhng ngi lao ng c hun luyn v p ng cc yu cu v bi li mi c lm
vic trn sng nc; phi c trang b y thuyn, phao v cc dng c cp cu cn thit khc
theo ng ch quy nh. i vi th ln phi thc hin y cc quy nh v ch lm vic, bi
dng v bo v sc kho. Tt c thuyn, phao v cc dng c cp cu khc phi c kim tra
m bo cht lng trc khi s dng.
2.1.4 Ngi lao ng lm vic trn cng trng phi s dng ng v cc phng tin bo v c
nhn theo quy nh.
GHI CH: Mt s v d c th: V yu cu i vi cng nhn hn in, theo 3.4.2 ca QCVN 3:2011/BLTBXH; V yu cu
v qun l s dng an ton thit b nng, theo 3.6 ca QCVN 7:2012/BLTBXH ...

2.1.5 Khi lm vic trn cao (t 2 m tr ln) hoc cha n cao , nhng di ch lm vic c cc
vt chng ngi nguy him, th phi trang b dy an ton cho ngi lao ng hoc li bo v. Nu
khng lm c sn thao tc c lan can an ton, khng cho php ngi lao ng lm vic khi cha
eo dy an ton.
2.1.6 Khng c thi cng cng mt lc hai hoc nhiu tng trn mt phng thng ng, n
khng c thit b bo v an ton cho ngi lm vic di.
2.1.7 Khng c lm vic trn gin gio, ng khi, i nc, ct in, tr hoc dm cu, mi nh hai
tng tr ln khi ma to, ging, bo hoc c gi t cp 5 tr ln.

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.1.8 Sau mi t ma bo, c gi ln hoc sau khi ngng thi cng nhiu ngy, phi kim tra li cc
iu kin an ton trc khi thi cng tip.
2.1.9 Phi c bin php thng gi v phng tin phng kh c hoc sp l khi lm vic dii
cc ging su, hm ngm hoc trong cc thng kn. Trc v trong qu trnh lm vic phi c ch
kim tra cht ch v c ngi trc bn ngoi, nhm bo m lin lc thng xuyn gia bn trong v
bn ngoi v kp thi cp cu khi xy ra tai nn.
2.1.10 Trn cng trng phi b tr h thng n chiu sng y trn cc tuyn ng giao thng
v cc khu vc ang thi cng v ban m. Khng cho php lm vic nhng ch khng c chiu
sng. Chiu sng ti ch lm vic t 100 n 300 lux, chiu sng chung t 30 n 80 lux.
2.1.11 Phi c h thng chng st bo v ton b cng trng trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng.
2.1.12 Khi trn cng trng xy dng c nguy c phi nhim phng x hoc nhng cng trng
xy dng c cha cc ngun phng x t nhin, cn phi tun th theo quy nh hin hnh ca Nh
nc v an ton v kim sot bc x.
2.1.13 Cng trng phi c s nht k an ton lao ng v ghi y tnh hnh s c, tai nn, bin
php khc phc v x l trong qu trnh thi cng.
2.1.14 Trn cng trng xy dng, mi v tr lm vic u phi gi gn gng, ngn np. Cc thit b,
dng c lun phi t ng ni quy nh. Cc cht thi, vt liu tha phi c thu dn thng xuyn.

2.2 T chc mt bng cng trng

2.2.1 Yu cu chung
2.2.1.1 Xung quanh khu vc cng trng phi c ro ngn v b tr trm gc khng cho ngi
khng c nhim v ra vo cng trng. Trong trng hp c ng giao thng cng cng chy qua
cng trng, th phi m ng khc hoc phi c bin bo hai u on ng chy qua cng
trng cc phng tin giao thng qua li gim tc .
2.2.1.2 Trn mt bng cng trng v cc khu vc thi cng phi c h thng thot nc m bo mt
bng thi cng kh ro, sch s. Khng c ng nc trn mt ng hoc nc chy vo h
mng cng trnh. Nhng cng trng gn bin, sng, sui phi c phng n phng chng l lt, st
l t.
2.2.1.3 Cc cng trnh ph tr pht sinh yu t c hi phi c b tr cui hng gi, m bo
khong cch n ni ca cn b, ngi lao ng trn cng trng v dn c a phng hoc c
bin php ngn nga c hi theo ng quy nh hin hnh ca Nh nc.

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.2.1.4 Ging, hm, h trn mt bng v nhng l trng trn cc sn tng cng trnh phi c y
kn m bo an ton cho ngi i li hoc ro ngn chc chn xung quanh vi chiu cao ti thiu 1 m.
i vi ng ho, h mng nm gn ng giao thng, phi c ro chn cao trn 1 m, ban m phi
c n bo hiu.
2.2.1.5 Phi c gii php chuyn vt liu tha, vt liu thi t trn cao (trn 3 m) xung. Khng c
vt liu tha, vt liu thi t trn cao xung khi khu bn di cha ro chn, cha t bin bo v
cha c ngi cnh gii.
2.2.1.6 Phi c bin php m bo an ton cho ngi v vt (nh ro chn, t bin bo, hoc lm
mi che, ) nhng vng nguy him do vt c th ri t do t trn cao xung. Gii hn ca vng
nguy him ny c xc nh theo Bng 1.
Bng 1 Gii hn vng nguy him i vi cc cng trnh xy dng
Gii hn vng nguy him

cao c th ri
cc vt
m

m
i vi nh hoc cng trnh

i vi khu vc di chuyn ti (tnh t hnh

ang xy dng (tnh t chu vi

chiu bng theo kch thc ln nht ca ti

ngoi)

di chuyn khi ri)

n 20

T 20 n 70

10

T 70 n 120

10

15

T 120 n 200

15

20

T 200 n 300

20

25

T 300 n 450

25

30

2.2.1.7 Khu vc ang tho d vn khun, gin gio, ph d cng trnh c; ni lp rp cc b phn kt
cu ca cng trnh, ni lp rp ca my mc v thit b ln; khu vc c kh c; ch c cc ng giao
thng ct nhau phi c ro chn hoc bin bo, ban m phi c n bo hiu.
2.2.2 ng i li v vn chuyn
2.2.2.1 Ti cc u mi giao thng trn cng trng phi c s ch dn r rng tng tuyn ng
cho cc phng tin vn ti c gii, th cng. Trn cc tuyn ng ca cng trng phi t h
thng bin bo giao thng ng vi cc quy nh v an ton giao thng hin hnh.

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.2.2.2 Khi dng phng tin th cng hoc c gii vn chuyn qua cc h rnh, phi b tr vn,
cu, cng m bo an ton cho ngi v phng tin. Kch thc, kt cu vn, cu, cng c
xc nh theo cc tiu chun hin hnh.
2.2.2.3 Chiu rng ng t ti thiu l 3,5 m khi chy 1 chiu v rng 6 m khi chy 2 chiu. Bn
knh vng ti thiu l 10 m.
2.2.2.4 ng giao thng cho xe c gii, cc im giao ct vi ng st, ch t bin bo, t
trm gc phi tun theo quy nh ca B Giao thng vn ti.
2.2.2.5 Khi phi b tr ng vn chuyn qua di nhng v tr, cng trnh ang c b phn thi cng
bn trn hoc cc b phn my, thit b ang vn hnh bn trn th phi lm sn bo v bn di.
2.2.2.6 ng hoc cu cho ngi lao ng vn chuyn nguyn vt liu ln cao khng c dc qu
300 v phi to thnh bc. Ti v tr cao v nguy him phi c lan can bo v m bo an ton.
2.2.2.7 Cc li i vo nh hoc cng trnh ang thi cng tng trn phi l nhng hnh lang kn v c
kch thc mt ct ph hp vi mt ngi, thit b v dng c thi cng khi di chuyn qua hnh lang.
2.2.2.8 ng dy in bc cao su i qua ng vn chuyn phi mc ln cao hoc lun vo ng b
v c chn su di mt t t nht l 40 cm. Cc ng dn nc phi chn su di mt t t nht
l 30 cm.
2.2.3 Xp t nguyn vt liu, nhin liu, cu kin v thit b
2.2.3.1 Kho bi sp xp v bo qun nguyn vt liu, cu kin, thit b phi c nh trc trn
mt bng cng trng vi s lng phc v cho thi cng. a im cc khu vc ny phi thun tin
cho vic vn chuyn, bc d v bo qun. Khng c sp xp bt k vt g vo nhng b phn cng
trnh cha n nh hoc khng m bo vng chc.
2.2.3.2 Trong cc kho bi cha nguyn vt liu, nhin liu, cu kin, thit b phi c ng vn chuyn.
Chiu rng ca ng phi ph hp vi kch thc ca cc phng tin vn chuyn v thit b bc
xp. Gia cc chng vt liu phi cha li i li cho ngi, rng t nht l 1 m.
2.2.3.3 Nguyn vt liu, nhin liu, cu kin, thit b phi t cch xa ng t, ng st, ng
cn trc t nht l 2 m tnh t mp ng gn nht ti mp ngoi cng ca vt liu (pha gn ng).
2.2.3.4 Khi vt liu ri (ct, dm, si, x v.v...) thnh bi, phi c bin php k thut chng st
trt m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b.
2.2.3.5 Vt liu dng bt (xi mng, thch cao, vi bt ...) phi ng bao hoc cha trong thng kn, xi
l, bunke..., ng thi phi c bin php chng bi khi xp d.

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
Thng ln cha vt liu dng bt, phi c np hoc li bo v. Bn trong thng phi c chiu sng
y . Ch cho php ngi lao ng vo trong xil, bunke, kho cha khi c cn b k thut thi cng
hng dn v gim st. Phi c cc trang b chuyn dng m bo an ton cho ngi lao ng (ti
ko, dy an ton ...) .
2.2.3.6 Cc nguyn liu lng v d chy (xng, du, m...) phi c bo qun trong kho ring theo
cc quy nh phng chy cha chy hin hnh.
2.2.3.7 Cc loi axit phi ng trong cc bnh kn lm bng s hoc thu tinh chu axit v phi trong
cc phng ring c thng gi tt. Cc bnh cha axit khng c xp chng ln nhau. Mi bnh phi
c nhn hiu ghi r loi axit, ngy sn xut.
2.2.3.8 Cht c hi, vt liu n, cc thit b chu p lc phi bo qun, vn chuyn v s dng theo
cc quy nh hin hnh v an ton ho cht, vt liu n v thit b p lc.
2.2.3.9 Khi sp xp nguyn vt liu trn cc b ho, h su phi tnh ton m bo an ton khi thi
cng theo quy nh ti 2.12.
2.2.3.10 hc, gch lt, ngi xp thnh tng khng c cao qu 1 m. Gch xy xp nm khng
c cao qu 25 hng.
2.2.3.11 Cc tm sn, tm mi xp thnh chng khng c cao qu 2,5 m (k c chiu dy cc lp
m lt). Tm tng phi c xp gia cc khung thng ng hoc cc gi ch A. Tm
vch ngn ch c v tr thng ng trong cc khung gi.
2.2.3.12 Cc khi mng, khi tng hm, cc khi v tm k thut v sinh, thng gi, khi ng thi rc
xp thnh chng khng c cao qu 2,5 m (k c chiu dy cc lp m lt).
2.2.3.13 Cu kin di ch to sn xp thnh chng khng c cao qu 2 m (k c cc lp m lt).
2.2.3.14 Cu kin khi v tm xp thnh tng chng khng c cao qu 2,5 m (k c cc lp m).
2.2.3.15 Vt liu cch nhit xp thnh chng khng c cao qu 1,2 m v phi c bo qun
trong kho kn, kh ro.
2.2.3.16 ng thp c ng knh di 300 mm phi xp theo tng lp v khng cao qu 2,5 m. ng
thp c ng knh t 300 mm tr ln, cc loi ng gang xp thnh tng lp, khng c cao qu
1,2 m v phi c bin php chng gi chc chn.
2.2.3.17 Thp tm, thp hnh xp thnh tng chng khng c cao qu 1,5 m. Loi c kch thc
nh xp ln cc gi vi chiu cao tng t; ti trng thp xp trn gi phi nh hn hoc bng ti
trng cho php ca gi .

10

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.2.3.18 G cy xp thnh tng chng, c k di, phi c cc ghm hai bn v khng c cao
qu 1,5 m. G x xp thnh tng chng khng c cao qu 1/2 chiu rng ca chng ; nu xp
xen k lp ngang v lp dc th khng c cao qu chiu rng ca chng , k c chiu dy cc lp
m.
2.2.3.19 Knh phi c ng hm v t trong gi khung thng ng. Ch xp mt lp, khng c
chng ln nhau.
2.2.3.20 My mc v trang thit b k thut ca cng trnh ch c xp mt lp.

2.3 Lp t v s dng in trong thi cng

2.3.1 Khi lp t, s dng, sa cha cc thit b in v mng li in thi cng trn cng trng,
ngoi nhng quy nh trong Quy chun ny cn phi tun theo cc quy nh ti QCVN QT5:2009/BCT, QCVN QT-06:2009/BCT, QCVN QT-07:2009/BCT, QCVN 01:2008/BCT v cc quy
nh hin hnh khc v k thut in v an ton in.
2.3.2 Cng nhn in cng nh cng nhn vn hnh cc thit b in, phi c o to v cp giy
chng nhn t yu cu v k thut an ton in. Cng nhn in lm vic khu vc no trn cng
trng, phi nm vng s cung cp in ca khu vc . Cng nhn trc in cc thit b in
c in p n 1 000 V phi c trnh bc 4 an ton in tr ln.
2.3.3 Trn cng trng phi c s mng in, c cu dao chung v cc cu dao phn on c
th ct in ton b hay tng khu vc cng trnh khi cn thit. Phi c hai h thng ring cho in
ng lc v in chiu sng.
2.3.4 Cc phn dn in trn ca cc thit b in (dy dn, thanh dn, tip im ca cu dao, cu
chy, cc cc ca my in v dng c in...) phi c bc kn bng vt liu cch in hoc t
cao m bo an ton v thun tin cho vic thao tc. Cc u dy dn, cp h phi c cch in,
bc kn, hoc treo cao. i vi nhng b phn dn in h theo yu cu trong thit k hoc do yu
cu ca kt cu, phi treo cao, phi c ro chn v treo bin bo hiu.
2.3.5 Cc dy dn phc v thi cng tng khu vc cng trnh, phi l dy c bc cch in; phi mc
trn ct hoc gi chc chn; phi cao t nht l 2,5 m i vi mt bng thi cng v 5,0 m i
vi ni c xe c qua li. Cc dy in c cao di 2,5 m k t mt nn hoc mt sn thao tc, phi
dng dy cp bc cao su cch in. Cp in dng cho my thi cng di ng, phi c qun trn
tang hoc trt trn rnh cp. Khng c ch xt cp in trn mt bng hoc xe c chn qua
hay cc kt cu khc ln cp dn in.
2.3.6 Cc n chiu sng c in p ln hn 36 V, phi treo cch mt sn thao tc t nht l 2,5 m.
2.3.7 Khng c s dng cc li in, cc c cu phn phi cc bng in v cc nhnh r ca
chng c trong qu trnh lp t, thay cho cc mng in v cc thit b in tm thi s dng trn
cng trng. Khng c dy dn in thi cng v cc dy in hn tip xc vi cc b phn dn
in ca cc kt cu ca cng trnh.
11

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.3.8 Cc thit b in, cp, vt tiu th in ... trn cng trng (khng k trong kho) u phi c
coi l in p, khng ph thuc vo vic chng mc vo li in hay cha.
2.3.9 Cc thit b ng ngt in dng ng ngt li in chung tng hp v cc ng dy phn
on cp in cho tng khu vc trn cng trnh, phi c qun l cht ch sao cho ngi khng c
trch nhim khng th t ng ng ngt in. Cc cu dao cp in cho tng thit b hoc tng nhm
thit b phi c kha chc chn. Cc thit b ng ngt in, cu dao... phi t trong hp kn, t ni
kh ro, an ton v thun tin cho thao tc v x l s c. Khi ct in, phi bo m cc cu dao hoc
cc thit b ct in khc khng th t ng mch. Trng hp mt in phi ct cu dao phng
cc ng c in khi ng bt ng khi c in tr li. Khng c ng in ng thi cho mt s
thit b dng in bng cng mt thit b ng ngt.
2.3.10 phch cm dng cho thit b in di ng phi ghi r dng in ln nht ca chng. Cu to
ca nhng v phch ny phi c tip im sao cho cc ca dy bo v (ni t hoc ni khng) tip
xc trc so vi dy pha khi ng v ngc li ng thi loi tr c kh nng cm nhm tip im.
Cng tc in trn cc thit b lu ng (tr cc n lu ng) phi ct c tt c cc pha v lp
ngay trn v thit b . Khng c t cng tc trn dy di ng.
2.3.11 Tt c cc thit b in u phi c bo v ngn mch v qu ti. Cc thit b bo v (cu
chy, rle, ptmt...) phi ph hp vi in p v dng in ca thit b hoc nhm thit b in m
chng bo v.
2.3.12 Tt c cc phn kim loi ca thit b in, cc thit b ng ngt in, thit b bo v c th c
in, khi b phn cch in b hng m ngi c kh nng chm phi, u phi c ni t hoc ni
khng theo quy nh hin hnh v ni t v ni khng cc thit b in. Nu dng ngun d phng c
lp cp in cho cc thit b in, khi li in chung b mt th ch trung tnh ca ngun d
phng v bin php bo v, phi ph hp vi ch trung tnh v cc bin php bo v khi dng li
in chung.
2.3.13 Khi di chuyn cc vt c kch thc ln di cc ng dy in, phi c bin php m bo
an ton. Phi ngt in nu vt di chuyn c kh nng chm vo ng dy hoc in t ng dy
phng qua vt di chuyn xung t.
2.3.14 Ch ngi lao ng in c phn cng mi c sa cha, u hoc ngt cc thit b in
ra khi li in. Ch c tho m cc b phn bao che, tho ni cc dy dn vo thit b in, sa
cha cc b phn dn in sau khi ct in. Khng c sa cha, tho, ni cc dy dn v lm
cc cng vic c lin quan ti ng dy ti in trn khng khi ang c in.
2.3.15 ng ct in sa cha ng dy chnh v cc ng dy phn nhnh cp in cho t 2
thit b in tr ln, phi c thng bo cho ngi ph trch thit b. Ch c ng in tr li cc
ng dy ny, sau khi c s kim tra k lng v c bo co bng vn bn ca ngi ph trch
sa cha my. Sau khi ngt cu dao sa cha thit b in ring l, phi kho cu dao v eo bin
cm ng in hoc c ngi trc, trnh trng hp ng in khi ang c ngi sa cha.
12

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.3.16 Ch c thay dy chy trong cu chy khi ct in. Trng hp khng th ct in th ch
c lm vic vi loi cu chy ng hoc loi np, nhng nht thit phi lp ph ti. Khi thay cu
chy loi ng ang c in, phi c knh phng h, gng tay cao su, cc dng c cch in v phi
ng trn tm thm, hoc i giy cch in. Khng c thay th cu chy loi bn khi c in. Khi
dng thang thay cc cu chy trn cao trong lc ang c in phi c ngi trc di.
2.3.17 Khng c tho v lp bng in khi cha ct in. Trng hp khng ct c in th cng
nhn lm vic phi eo gng tay cch in v knh phng h.
2.3.18 Khng c s dng n chiu sng c nh lm n cm tay. Nhng ch nguy him v
in phi dng n c in p khng qu 36 V. n chiu sng cm tay phi c li kim loi bo v
bng n, dy dn phi l dy bc cao su, ly in qua cm. cm v phch cm dng in p
khng ln hn 36 V, phi c cu to v mu sn phn bit vi v phch cm dng in p cao hn.
Cc n chiu sng ch lm vic phi t cao v gc nghing ph hp, khng lm chi mt do
tia sng trc tip t n pht ra.
2.3.19 Khng cho php s dng cc ngun in lm hng ro bo v cng trng.
2.3.20 Cc dng c in cm tay (dng c in, n di ng, my gim th an ton, my bin tn
s...) phi c kim tra t nht 3 thng mt ln v hin tng chm mt trn v my, v tnh trng ca
dy ni t bo v; phi c kim tra t nht mi thng mt ln v cch in ca dy dn, ngun in
v ch h in. Ring cc bin p lu ng ngoi cc im trn, cn phi kim tra s chp mch ca
cun in p cao v cun in p thp.
2.3.21 Khng c dng bin p t ngu lm ngun in cho cc n chiu sng v dng c in
cm tay c in p khng ln hn 36 V.
2.3.22 Ch c ni cc ng c in, dng c in, n chiu sng v cc thit b khc vo li in
bng cc ph kin quy nh. Khng c u ngoc, xon cc u dy in.

2.4 Cng tc bc xp v vn chuyn

2.4.1 Yu cu chung
2.4.1.1 Khi vn chuyn vt liu v sn phm hng ho phc v cho vic xy dng, ngoi cc yu cu
ca phn ny cn phi tun th ni quy cng trng.
2.4.1.2 Ti trng ti a cho php mi ngi lao ng trn 18 tui khi bc xp, mang vc vi qung
ng khng qu 60 m nh sau: nam 50 kg, n 30 kg.
2.4.1.3 Bi bc xp hng phi bng phng; phi quy nh tuyn ng cho ngi v cc loi phng
tin bc xp i li thun tin v bo m an ton.
2.4.1.4 Trc khi bc xp vn chuyn, phi xem xt k cc k hiu, kch thc khi lng v qung
ng vn chuyn xc nh v trang b phng tin vn chuyn m bo an ton cho ngi v
hng.
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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.4.1.5 Khi vn chuyn cc loi hng c kch thc v trng lng ln, phi s dng cc phng tin
chuyn dng hoc phi duyt bin php vn chuyn bc d bo m an ton cho ngi v thit b.
2.4.1.6 Khi vn chuyn cht n, cht phng x, cht c, thit b c p lc v cht d chy phi s
dng cc phng tin vn ti ph hp vi quy nh hin hnh ca Nh nc.
2.4.1.7 Bc xp hng vo ban m hoc khi khng nh sng thin nhin, phi c chiu sng y
. Khi bc xp cc loi vt liu d chy n phi s dng n chng chy n chuyn dng; khng
c dng uc n c ngn la trn chiu sng.
2.4.1.8 Bc xp cc loi vt liu nng c hnh khi trn hoc thnh cun (thng phuy, dy cp, cun
dy ...), nu li dng cc mt phng nghing ln, trt t trn xung phi dng dy neo gi trn,
khng hng ln xung t do. Ngi tham gia bc xp ch c ng pha trn v hai bn mt
phng nghing.
2.4.1.9 Khi vn chuyn cc cht lng cha trong bnh, chai, l phi s dng cc phng tin chuyn
dng; phi chn gi trnh v.
2.4.1.10 Khng c ch xng -ti-len cng vi cc loi hng khc.
2.4.1.11 Ngi lao ng bc xp cc loi nguyn vt liu ri nh xi mng, vi, bt, thch cao, phi
c trang b phng h y theo ch hin hnh.
2.4.1.12 Bc xp v vn chuyn ha cht n mn, ha cht c hi, cc bnh kh nn, kh ha lng
phi thn trng, nh nhng, trnh va chm mnh, ri . Khng c ngi dnh du m bc xp
v di chuyn cc bnh cha xy v kh nn.
2.4.1.13 Khng c dng vi ht xng du bng mm hoc dng cc dng c mc xng du trc
tip bng tay, m phi dng cc dng c chuyn dng. Khi mc rt axit phi lm t t, thn trng trnh
axit bn vo ngi, khng c nc vo axit m ch rt axit vo nc khi pha ch. Ngi lao
ng thc hin cng vic ny phi c trang b y cc phng tin bo h c nhn.
2.4.1.14 Xp hng ln toa tu, thng xe khng c cht qu ti, qu kh; phi chn buc chc chn,
trnh ri , x dch trong qu trnh vn chuyn.
2.4.2 Vn chuyn bng phng tin th s
2.4.2.1 Trc khi bc xp phi: Kim tra cc phng tin dng c vn chuyn nh quang treo, n
gnh v cc b phn ca xe (cng, bnh, thng xe, vn chn, dy ko...) m bo khng b t dy,
gy cng... trong qu trnh vn chuyn; Kim tra tuyn ng vn chuyn v ni bc d hng m bo
an ton cho ngi lao ng trong qu trnh lm vic.
2.4.2.2 Khi khun vc vn chuyn cc vt nng cn t hai ngi tr ln, phi giao cho mt ngi chu
trch nhim iu khin v ra lnh thng nht.

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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.4.2.3 Trc khi xp hng ln xe ci tin, xe ba gc phi chn bnh v chng cng xe tht chc
chn.
2.4.2.4 Khi xp hng trn xe:
- i vi cc loi hng ri: gch, , ct, si,... phi cht thp hn thnh thng xe 2 cm v c vn chn
hai u;
- i vi cc loi hng cha trong cc bao mm nh xi mng, vi bt, c xp cao hn thnh xe
nhng khng qu 2 bao v phi c dy chng chc chn;
- i vi cc loi hng cng knh khng c xp cao qu 1,5 m tnh t mt ng xe i (i vi xe
ngi ko hoc y) v phi c dy chng buc chc chn;
- i vi cc loi thp tm, thp gc, cu kin b tng c chiu di ln hn thng xe phi chng buc
bng dy thp.
2.4.2.5 Ngi lao ng y cc loi xe ba gc, xe ci tin ln dc phi i hai bn thnh xe v khng
c t tay ln hng y. Khi xe trn dc phi chn bnh chc chn. Khi xung dc ln hn 150
th phi quay cng xe v pha sau v ngi ko phi gi xe ln xung t t.
2.4.2.6 Khi dng xe do sc vt ko, ngi iu khin phi i bn tri sc vt, khng c i bn cnh
thng xe hoc ngi trn thng xe. Xe phi c trang b h thng phanh hm, khi vn chuyn ban m
phi c n hiu.
2.4.3 Vn chuyn bng t, my ko
2.4.3.1 Khi cht hng ln xe, tu theo tng loi hng m c bin php sp xp bo m an ton
trong qu trnh vn chuyn.
2.4.3.2 Khi ly vt liu t cc ming rt ca bunke xil ... phi b tr xe sao cho tm ca thng xe
ng vi tm dng chy ca vt liu t ming rt ca bunke, xil ...
2.4.3.3 Khi ch cc loi hng ri nh gch, ngi, ct, si, ... phi xp hoc thp hn thnh xe 10 cm.
Mun xp cao hn phi ni cao thnh xe, ch ni phi chc chn nhng khng c ch qu trng ti
cho php ca xe.
2.4.3.4 i vi cc loi hng nh, xp, cho php xp cao hn thnh xe nhng khng c xp rng
qu kh cho php ca xe, ng thi phi chng buc chc chn.
2.4.3.5 Khi ch cc loi hng di cng knh nh: v ko, ct, tm sn, tm tng, thit b my mc,
phi c vt k chn gi v chng buc chc chn. Nu hng c chiu di ln hn 1,5 chiu di thng
xe th phi ni thm r moc, sn r moc phi cng cao vi sn thng xe. Ch ni r moc vi xe
phi c bo m chc chn, trnh b t tut v quay t do khi xe chy. Khng c dng t ben
ch hng c kch thc di hn thng xe hoc ni thm r moc vo xe ben.

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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.4.3.6 Khng c ch ngi trn cc loi t, cn trc, xe hng, trn thng t t , trn r moc,
na r moc, xe tc v xe ti c thnh (loi khng c trang b ch ngi). Khng c ch
ngi trong cc thng xe c ch cc loi cht c hi, d n, d chy, cc bnh kh nn hoc cc hng
cng knh. Khng c cho ngi ng bc ln xung, ch ni gia r moc, na r moc vi xe,
trn np ca p, trn nc xe, hoc ng ngi khong trng gia thng xe v ca bin xe.
2.4.3.7 Trc khi cho xe chy, ngi li xe phi:
- Kim tra ton h thng phanh hm;
- Kim tra h thng tay li, cc cn chuyn v dn hng, cc c hm, cc cht an ton;
- Kim tra h thng n chiu sng, n bo hiu, ci;
- Kim tra cc b phn ni ca r moc, na r moc vi t my ko;
- Kim tra li h thng dy chng buc trn xe.
2.4.3.8 i vi cc loi t t , ngoi vic kim tra cc b phn nh quy nh ti 2.4.3.7 cn phi
kim tra cc b phn:
- Cc cht hm gi thng ben khi b lt;
- Kh nng kp cht thng ben v c cu nng;
- Cht lng ca cc cht hm pha sau thng xe.
2.4.3.9 Trong phm vi cng trng: Xe phi chy vi tc khng qu 10 km/h; khi ngot hoc vng
phi chy vi tc khng qu 5 km/h. Khong cch gia cc xe cng chiu phi m bo khng di
20 m.
2.4.3.10 Ngi li xe phi c bng tng ng vi loi xe iu khin. Ngi li xe trc khi ri khi xe
phi tt my, ko phanh tay, rt cha kho in v kho ca bung li. Khi dng xe (my vn n) th
ngi li xe khng c ri v tr li xe i ni khc. Khng c ngi khng c nhim v vo
bung li.
2.4.3.11 Khng xe trn on ng dc. Trng hp c bit phi th phi chn bnh chc
chn.
2.4.3.12 V tr t ng vt liu xung cc h o ly theo 2.6.1.15 v phi t g chn xe
khng li qu v tr quy nh. Khi xe trn cc cu cn vt liu xung h mng, th phi trang b
cc tr chn bo him cho cu cn.
2.4.3.13 Khi quay u, li xe phi bm ci bo hiu v quan st k phng c ngi hoc xe c qua
li.
2.4.3.14 Khng c dng my ko ko hng ln dc qu 300 hoc xung dc qu 150.

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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.4.3.15 Nu dng thit b nng xp hng, khi hng cha h xung, mi ngi khng c ng
trong thng xe, thng toa hoc ngi trong bung li; ngi lao ng phi ng ngoi thng xe, thng
toa iu chnh hng bng mc, bng dy.
2.4.4 Vn chuyn bng tu ho, xe gong
2.4.4.1 ng st, ng gong phi xy dng tun th quy nh ca giao thng ng st hin
hnh. dc ca ng st, ng gong dng cho cc toa xe hoc gong y tay khng ln hn
2 %.
2.4.4.2 Cng trng phi t chc kim tra cht ch cc tuyn ng, cc ghi chuyn hng, cc
on ng cong.
2.4.4.3 Cc cu cn trn cc tuyn ng phi c lan can bo v hai bn. Khong cch t thnh toa
xe n lan can khng nh hn 1 m. Mt cu phi lt vn kht, trn mt vn cc on dc phi c cc
thanh g np ngang chng trt cho ngi lao ng y xe qua li.
2.4.4.4 Khong cch gia cc xe gong y tay chy cng chiu trn mt tuyn ng khng c
nh hn 20 m i vi ng bng; khng nh hn 30 m i vi cc on ng dc. Xe gong phi
c phanh chn, cht hm tt. Khng c hm xe gong bng cch chn bnh hoc bng bt k hnh
thc no khc. Trc khi cho gong hot ng, ngi iu khin phi kim tra li thit b hm.
2.4.4.5 i vi gong y tay phi lun lun c ngi iu khin. Khng c ng trn gong khi
gong ang chy hoc gong chy t do.
2.4.4.6 Khi ko gong ln dc bng dy cp, phi c bin php ngn khng cho ngi qua li khu
vc chn dc v hai bn tuyn dy cp.
2.4.4.7 Tc y gong khng c ln hn 6 km/h. Khi gn ti ch trnh hoc bn xoay phi gim
tc cho gong chy chm dn. Khi gong chy phi c ci bo hiu cho mi ngi trnh xa ng
gong. Nu b s c ( gong, trt bnh,...), phi bo hiu cho cc gong pha sau dng li. Khi chy
gong ban m hoc qua cc ng hm phi c n chiu sng y .
2.4.4.8 Trc khi bc xp hng ho ln hoc xung gong phi hm phanh, chn bnh. Nhng gong
c thng lt phi ng cht hm. Hng xp trn gong phi chng buc chc chn. Nu l hng ri th
phi cht thp hn thnh gong 5 cm.
2.4.5 Vn chuyn bng ng thu
2.4.5.1 Trc khi bc xp hng ho ln, xung tu, thuyn... phi neo gi tu, thuyn chc chn. Bc
xp hng phi c thuyn trng hoc ngi c thuyn trng u nhim hng dn v gim st.
2.4.5.2 Cu ln xung tu, thuyn khng c dc qu 300 v phi c np ngang. Chiu rng ca mt
cu khng nh hn 0,3 m khi i 1 chiu; khng nh hn 1 m khi i hai chiu. Mt u cu phi c mu
mc vo tu, thuyn, u kia ta vng chc vo b. Khi cu di qu 3 m phi c gi gia nhp.
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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.4.5.3 Khi ch cc loi hng d thm nc nh t, ct, xi mng, vi,.. nht thit phi c bt hoc
mi che ma.
2.4.5.4 Trc khi bc xp hng ho phi kim tra v sa cha dng c bc xp, cc phng tin cu
chuyn v cc thit b phng h.
2.4.5.5 Khng c xp hng ho ln tu, thuyn cao qu boong tu, mn thuyn. Nhng loi hng
nh xp c th cht cao hn chiu cao ca thuyn nhng phi chng buc chc chn, v phi
phng lt thuyn.
2.4.5.6 Khi c gi t cp 5 tr ln phi a tu thuyn vo ni n np an ton.

2.5 S dng dng c, thit b cm tay

2.5.1 Yu cu chung
2.5.1.1 Dng c, thit b cm tay phi an ton v tin li, cc b phn chuyn ng phi c che
chn ti a, c c ch tt ngay lp tc v khng b ngu nhin bt tr li, khng lm vic qu tc an
ton ghi trn dng c v ch khi ng t tc nh nht.
2.5.1.2 Cc dng c, thit b c khi lng 10 kg tr ln phi c trang b c cu nng, treo khi
lm vic.
2.5.1.3 Cc dng c, thit b cm tay dng p, c phi bo m:
- u mi khng b nt n, hoc bt c mt h hng no khc;
- Cn khng b nt, v, khng c cnh sc v phi c chiu di thch hp m bo an ton khi thao tc.
2.5.1.4 Dng c, thit b cp cho ngi lao ng phi ng b, km theo hng dn s dng d hiu
v d thc hin.
2.5.1.5 Dy cp in v ng dn kh nn phi c chn di t hoc treo trn cao, khng c ko
cng, xon hoc gp khi ang vn hnh. Khng c t dy cp in, dy dn in hn cng nh
cc ng dn hi ln nhau.
2.5.1.6 Ch nhng ngi c o to v c ch nh mi c s dng thit b in, kh nn.
Khi lm vic ngi lao ng phi s dng dng c v cc b phn ca dng c theo ng chc nng
thit k; phi trng thi khe mnh, tnh to v mang y trang b phng h cn thit (qun o, m,
knh, khu trang, gng tay, giy, ng, dy an ton,). Khi lm vic trn cao, ngi lao ng phi c
trang b thng ng vt; dng c v thng ng vt phi c buc dy trnh ri gy tai nn.
2.5.1.7 Khi khng lm vic, dng c, thit b cm tay phi c tt v ng gi, bo qun ngn np,
cn thn, trnh v, trnh gy st thng do cc b phn nhn sc. Phi bao bc li cc b phn
nhn sc ca dng c, thit b khi di chuyn.
2.5.1.8 Trc khi s dng phi kim tra mi iu kin lm vic an ton ca dng c, th chy khng
ti pht hin sai st, nhng b phn hoc sp b hng cn phi sa cha ngay.

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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.5.1.9 Trong qu trnh lm vic, ngi lao ng phi ng t th an ton, vng chi trn 2 chn,
dng c 2 tay iu khin dng c, khng c ng trn cc bc thang ni di. Khi khoan hoc sit
ai c, phi chc chn rng vt liu c khoan hoc sit ai c c kp cht. Tuyt i khng
dng tay dn phoi kim loi, nm bt cc b phn my ang quay hoc t tay, chn gn cc b
phn my ang chuyn ng.
2.5.1.10 Phi ngt ngun dn ng ngay lp tc khi thy hin tng bt thng, khi mt in, mt hi,
khi di chuyn dng c hoc khi ngng vic. Khng c cc dng c cm tay cn ang c cp
in hoc kh nn m khng c ngi trng coi.
2.5.1.11 Quanh khu vc mch in h khng c s dng cc thc cun bng thp, thc nhm,
cc thc c gia c kim loi c tnh t in, cc tua vit v cc dng c dn in khc. Ch nhng
dng c c cch in hoc lm t vt liu khng dn in mi c dng gn ni c dng in
chy qua v c nguy c b in git. Ch nhng dng c khng pht ra tia la mi c lm vic gn
ch c bi v hi d chy v d n.
2.5.1.12 Trong khi thi cng phi c bin php ngn nga kh nng xuyn thng cc kt cu lm bn
mnh b tng, gch v cc loi vt liu khc vo nhng ngi xung quanh.
2.5.2 Dng c cm tay c hc
2.5.2.1 Cn g, cn tre ca cc dng c cm tay lm bng cc loi tre, g phi m bo cng, do,
khng b nt, n, mt, mc; phi nhn v nm chc chn.
2.5.2.2 Cha vn (c l) phi la chn theo ng kch thc ca m c. Ming cha vn khng c
nghing choi ra, phi m bo tim trc ca cha vn thng gc vi tim dc ca m c. Khng c
vn m c bng cc cha vn c kch thc ln hn m c bng cch m ming thp v
gia cnh ca m c vo ming cha vn. Khng c ni di cha vn bng cc cha vn khc hoc
bng cc on ng thp (tr cc cha vn lp ghp c bit).
2.5.2.3 Khi c ph kim loi hoc b tng bng cc dng c cm tay, ngi lao ng phi eo knh
phng h. Ti ni lm vic cht hp v ng ngi phi c tm chn bo v.
2.5.3 Dng c, thit b in cm tay
2.5.3.1 Khng nc ri vo cm hoc phch in. Khng c s dng dng c, thit b in
cm tay di tri ma.
2.5.3.2 Cc dng c, thit b in phi c ni tip t, tr cc dng c cch in kp c kim
nh v c nh du phn bit.
2.5.3.3 S dng cc dng c, thit b in cm tay cc ni d b nguy him v in phi dng in
p khng ln hn 36 V. nhng ni t nguy him v in c th dng in p 110 V hoc 220 V,
ngi lao ng phi i ng, hoc giy v gng tay cch in. Khi s dng dng c, thit b in cm
tay bn trong cc b, ging kim loi phi c ngi theo di t bn ngoi.
19

QCVN 18:2014/BXD

2.5.4 Dng c, thit b kh nn cm tay

2.5.4.1 C ca dng c, thit b kh nn cm tay phi thun tin cho s dng v c c cu sao cho khi
khng cn lc n th ngun cp kh nn t ng ngt.
2.5.4.2 Khng c ni cc ng dn kh nn trc tip vo cc ng ng chnh m ch c ni qua
cc van hp phn phi kh nn, hoc cc nhnh ph.
2.5.4.3 Trc khi ni cc ng dn kh nn, phi kim tra thng ng dn. Ch c lp hoc tho ng
dn ph ra khi ng dn chnh khi ngng cp kh nn. Ch sau khi t cc dng c, thit b vo v
tr nh mi c cp kh nn.
2.5.4.4 Cc mi ni ng dn kh nn u phi sit cht bng ai st. Khng c buc hoc treo ng
dn kh nn bng dy thp.

2.6 S dng xe my xy dng

2.6.1 Yu cu chung
2.6.1.1 Tt c cc xe my xy dng u phi c h s k thut, trong phi c cc thng s k
thut c bn, hng dn v lp t, vn chuyn, bo qun, s dng v sa cha, c s giao ca, s
theo di tnh trng k thut.
2.6.1.2 Cc thit b nng s dng trong xy dng phi giy php lu hnh, giy ng kim thit b
nng cn thi hn. Cc thit b phi c qun l, s dng ph hp vi QCVN 02:2011/BLTBXH,
QCVN 07:2012/BLTBXH, cc tiu chun hin hnh v thit b nng v cc quy nh trong phn ny.
i vi cn trc thp:
- Phi lp thit k bin php thi cng, trong xc nh r v tr lp dng, quy trnh vn hnh, bin php
tho d v cc bin php m bo an ton lao ng trn cng trng;
- Phi p dng cc bin php ch ng ngn nga vt ri;
- Khi phm vi vng hot ng ca cn cu vt ra ngoi phm vi cng trng xy dng, phi c bin
php bo v an ton cho ngi v phng tin giao thng pha di theo quy nh ti Bng 1;
- Cn cu thp phi dng hot ng khi vn tc gi t cp 5 tr ln hoc theo quy nh ca nh sn
xut.
2.6.1.3 Cc thit b nng phi c ghi r mc ti trng tng ng vi tng bn knh nng v iu kin
lm vic mi mc ti trng ngi vn hnh lun nhn thy c v chp hnh nghim chnh.
Thit b nng phi c chn vng chc, nn t ni thit b nng lm vic phi c kho st a
cht v gia c t trc m bo an ton chu lc. Trc khi cu phi bit trng lng hng, kim
tra cc mc v cp ti v cn ti cao 20 cm ri mi c nng ln. Lun phi c ngi xi nhan
v theo di trng thi cu. Nhng ngi lao ng ng di t khng c li gn v tr cu hng v
phi i m bo h. Trc khi h ti xung ho, h, ging, phi h mc khng ti xung v tr thp
nht, nu s vng cp cn li trn tang ln hn 1,5 r th mi c php nng h ti. Vic mc buc
cp phi giao cho nhng ngi c o to v c kinh nghim, khng c giao cho ph n v tr
em. Qu trnh nng chuyn phi c ch huy bi ngi c kinh nghim v phi tun th theo hiu
lnh thng nht.

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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.6.1.4 Khng c s dng thit b nng hng nng ngi (tr trng hp cp cu) v ko l
hng; Khng c cu hng qua u mi ngi, khi phi cu hng gn ch ng ngi qua li phi c
bin php che chn khu vc cu, nu khng th c th phi tm thi ngn ng hoc chuyn
hng i ca mi ngi trong thi gian cu; phi gi khong cch gia cn cu hoc vt cu ti cc
vt bt ng khc ti thiu l 50 cm.
2.6.1.5 Cc xe my s dng l thit b chu p lc hoc c thit b chu p lc phi thc hin cc quy
nh trong cc tiu chun hin hnh v bnh chu p lc v cc quy nh trong phn ny.
2.6.1.6 Cc xe my xy dng c dn in ng phi c: Bc cch in hoc bao che kn cc phn
mang in trn; Ni t bo v phn kim loi khng mang in ca xe my.
2.6.1.7 i vi cc xe my chy bng nhin liu, tuyt i khng c ht thuc hoc a ngn la
ti gn bnh nhin liu v khng c m np bnh nhin liu bng cch dng vt kim loi p. Nu
xy ra chy m khng c bnh cu ha th phi dp la bng t, ct hoc ph bng bt, pht, tuyt
i khng c nc vo nhin liu chy.
2.6.1.8 Nhng b phn chuyn ng ca xe my v cc vng c kh nng vng bn cht lng hoc
vt rn ra khi xe my hot ng c th gy nguy him cho ngi lao ng, phi c che chn hoc
trang b bng cc phng tin bo v. Trong trng hp khng th che chn hoc trang b bng
phng tin bo v khc th phi trang b thit b tn hiu. Ring cc tang cp phi h theo di
c qu trnh qun cp v tnh trng cp.
2.6.1.9 C ch hot ng ca xe my phi bo m sao cho khi xe my ch lm vic khng bnh
thng phi c tn hiu bo hiu, cn trong cc trng hp cn thit phi c thit b ngng, t ng tt
xe my.
2.6.1.10 Cc xe my xy dng phi c trang b thit b tn hiu m thanh v nh sng, phi pht tn
hiu trc khi chuyn ng, khi lu thng trn ng phi tun th lut giao thng hin hnh v cc
b phn cng tc phi c thu v v tr an ton. Khi hot ng trn cng trng phi c bin bo.
2.6.1.11 C ch iu khin phi loi tr kh nng t ng hoc ngu nhin ng m xe my.
2.6.1.12 Cc xe my phi c lp t theo hng dn ca nh sn xut v phi tun theo cc quy
nh trong tiu chun hin hnh v an ton my.
2.6.1.13 V tr lp t xe my phi m bo an ton cho thit b v ngi lao ng trong sut qu trnh
s dng. Nn t nhng ni thit b thi cng di chuyn v hot ng phi kh nng chu ti trng
ca thit b v cc ti trng khc trong sut qu trnh thi cng. Nu t nn khng kh nng chu ti
th phi p dng cc bin php gia c nn m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b.
2.6.1.14 Cc xe my lm vic hoc di chuyn gn ng dy ti in phi m bo khong cch t
im bin ca my hoc ti trng n ng dy gn nht khng nh hn tr s trong Bng 2.

21

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
Bng 2 Khong cch im bin ca my hoc ti trng n ng dy gn nht
1

1 20

35 110

154 220

300

500 700

1,5

in p ca ng dy ti in, kv
Khong cch nm ngang, m

2.6.1.15 Cc xe my lm vic cnh ho, h phi m bo khong cch t im ta gn nht ca xe

my n ho, h khng c nh hn tr s trong Bng 3.
Bng 3 Khong cch t im ta gn nht ca xe my n ho h
Loi t
Chiu su ca h
m

Ct

t ct

t st

St

Khong cch nm ngang t im ta gn nht ca xe my n chn taluy

ca ho, h (m)

1,5

1,25

2,4

1,5

3,6

3,25

1,75

4,4

3,0

5,3

4,75

3,5

Trong trng hp iu kin mt bng khng cho php thc hin c yu cu trn th phi c bin
php gia c chng st l ho h, khi ti trng ln nht.
2.6.1.16 Khi di chuyn xe my di cc ng dy ti in ang vn hnh, phi m bo khong
cch tnh t im cao nht ca xe my n im thp nht ca ng dy khng nh hn tr s cho
Bng 4.
Bng 4- Khong cch tnh t im cao nht ca xe my n im thp nht ca ng dy
in p ca ng dy ti in, kV

1 20

35 110

154 220

300

500 700

Khong cch thng ng, m

2.6.1.17 Khng c s dng xe my khi:

- Ht hn s dng ghi trong giy php s dng v phiu kim nh i vi thit b nng v thit b chu
p lc;
- H hng hoc khng c thit b an ton;
- H hng hoc thiu cc b phn quan trng;
- iu kin thi tit gy mt an ton;
22

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
- in p ngun dn ng gim qu 15 %.
2.6.1.18 Khi xe my ang hot ng, ngi vn hnh khng c php b i ni khc hoc cho ngi
khc vn hnh hay c mt trong cabin.
2.6.1.19 i vi vn thng:
- Phi c kim nh sau khi ch to, sau mi ln lp dng hoc sa cha ln v nh k theo quy
nh;
- Kt cu thp ca vn thng phi c ni t;
- Phi c c cu t ng ngt chuyn ng khi ang xp d hng v khi ca vo, ca ra cha c
ngi vn hnh ng li. Trn vn thng phi c nt Stop dng chuyn ng khi c s c. Nu
vn thng b dng v s c, mi ngi phi ch lc lng cu h, khng c t tro ra ngoi;
- Khi dng cng vic phi h vn thng xung v tr thp nht, ngt ngun dn ng, kha ca ra vo;
- Ngi vn hnh v s dng vn thng phi mang qun o bo h gn gng, khng c dng khn
qung, ph n phi qun gn tc di m.
2.6.1.20 Vng nguy him bn di vn thng ang hot ng phi c ro chn v c bin bo cm
ngi qua li.
2.6.1.21 Nu dng mc st ko d hng th mc phi di khng nh hn 1,8 m. u mc pha tay
cm ca ngi lao ng phi phng, nhn, khng un gp.
2.6.1.22 Vn thng phi c che chn an ton t cc pha. cao che chn i vi vn thng vn
chuyn ngi khng di 1,1 m, i vi vn thng khng vn chuyn ngi khng di 0,5 m v phi
cao hn hng vt liu ri ti thiu 0,1 m.
2.6.1.23 Hng xp trn vn thng phi gn gng, khng vt qu kch thc vn thng v chng buc
chc chn, cc b phn ca vn thng phi c hm khng x dch trong qu trnh vn chuyn. Bi
tum nng chy vn chuyn trn vn thng phi ng trong cc thng cha.
2.6.1.24 Ngi vn hnh xe my phi bo m cc tiu chun quy nh. Khi s dng xe my phi
thc hin y cc quy nh trong quy trnh vn hnh an ton xe my.
2.6.2 Kim tra v bo tr
2.6.2.1 Trc khi cho xe my hot ng phi kim tra tnh trng k thut ca xe my, tnh trng mt
bng thi cng v tm quan st ca ngi vn hnh my. Ch s dng xe my khi tnh trng k thut
ca thit b v iu kin mt bng thi cng m bo yu cu.
2.6.2.2 Xe my xy dng phi c bo dng k thut, sa cha nh k theo ng quy nh trong
h s k thut.

23

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.6.2.3 Ch c tin hnh bo dng, hiu chnh sa cha k thut xe my sau khi ngng ng
c, tho x p sut trong cc h thng thu lc v kh nn, cc b phn cng tc nm v tr an
ton. Ring thit b nng, phi c kim nh li sau mi ln c s c hoc tho lp, sa cha, thay
th cc b phn quan trng.

2.7 Cng tc khoan

2.7.1 Phi c cc bin php bo m an ton cho ngi lao ng nh: bin php nng, h cn khoan,
trang b dy an ton, che chn phng vt nng t trn cao ri xung. Khng thc hin cc cng vic
trn khi tri ma to, ging bo hoc c gi t cp 5 tr ln. Khi tri ti hoc ban m phi c n chiu
sng ni lm vic.
2.7.2 Khi nng, h hoc sa cha thp khoan, nhng ngi khng c nhim v phi ra khi phm vi
lm vic, cch thp khoan mt khong t nht bng 1,5 chiu cao ca thp.
2.7.3 Khi di chuyn my khoan phi h cn, tr trng hp di chuyn trn mt ng bng phng,
chiu di ng i khng qu 100 m. Di chuyn cc thp khoan cao hn 12 m phi dng dy cp
chng gi 4 pha v buc cao t 2/3 n 3/4 chiu cao ca thp. Khong cch t thp ti ngi
iu khin ti ko thp phi m bo t nht bng chiu cao ca thp cng thm 5 m. Khi tm ngng di
chuyn, phi no cc dy chng li.
2.7.4 Khong cch gia my khoan v thnh thp khoan khng c nh hn 1 m. Nu khng m
bo c khong cch th phi lm tm chn bo v.
2.7.5 Khong cch gia thp khoan vi cc cng trnh khc phi xc nh theo thit k bin php k
thut thi cng. Khong cch gia cc thp khoan t gn nhau t nht phi bng 1,5 ln chiu cao ca
thp khoan cao nht.
2.7.6 Xung quanh mi thp khoan phi c gi phng cn khoan b . Phi c cu thang cho
ngi lao ng ln xung thp. Cu thang v sn thao tc trn thp khoan phi c lan can bo v xung
quanh cao 1 m. Nu khng lm c lan can th ngi lao ng phi mang dy an ton.
2.7.7 Sau khi lp t thp khoan phi c nh cc dy no. Cc dy no phi c nh chc chn vo
cc m no theo yu cu trong thit k k thut thi cng. Ch c tin hnh iu chnh thp khoan khi
b tr y cc dy no theo yu cu trn.
2.7.8 Trc khi tin hnh khoan, phi kim tra thp v cc thit b theo cc yu cu sau:
- bn chc ca cc neo gi;
- Tnh n nh ca cc lin kt thp;
- bn vng ca sn, gi ;
- lch tm ca thp khoan;

24

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
- Khi cc tr chng hay cc ct thp b bin dng (lm, cong, vnh, nt) hoc cc ni neo, kp b
hng phi sa cha bo m an ton mi c tin hnh khoan;
- Trc khi bt u khoan chnh thc phi tin hnh khoan th v c bin bn xc nhn tnh trng k
thut ca my khoan.
2.7.9 Ngoi vic kim tra nh k tnh trng k thut ca thit b, phi kim tra thp khoan trong nhng
trng hp sau:
- Trc v sau khi di chuyn thp khoan;
- Trc v sau khi khc phc s c;
- Sau khi ngng vic v c ging bo v c gi t cp 5 tr ln;
- Sau khi khoan trng ti kh.
2.7.10 Ngi lao ng khng c trn thp khoan khi cn khoan ang nng, h. Ch khi c hiu
lnh ca ngi ch huy mi c nng, h cn khoan. Hiu lnh phi c quy nh thng nht v ph
bin cho mi ngi bit trc khi thi cng.
2.7.11 Cc thp khoan phi c h thng chng st. Cc thit b in phi c ni t bo v.
2.7.12 H khoan khi ngng lm vic phi c che y chc chn. Trn tm y hoc ro chn phi
treo bin bo v n tn hiu.

2.8 Gin gio, gi v thang

2.8.1 Yu cu chung
2.8.1.1 Tt c cc loi gin gio, gi phi c thit k, thi cng, lp dng, nghim thu v bo
dng m bo an ton. Ch nhng ch dn, quy nh, yu cu k thut c ghi hoc km theo
chng ch xut xng ca nh sn xut gin gio chuyn dng.
2.8.1.2 Khng c s dng gin gio, gi , thang khng ng chc nng s dng ca chng.
Khng c s dng gin gio, gi c lp kt hp t cc loi, dng khc nhau hoc s dng
nhiu loi m khng c thit k ring.
2.8.1.3 Khng c chng gio ln mt phng nghing khi khng c bin php k thut chng trt
cho thanh chng.
2.8.1.4 Khng c s dng gin gio, gi khi:
- Gin gio, gi bng cc vt liu khng m bo yu cu k thut theo tiu chun p dng;
- Khng p ng c nhng yu cu k thut v iu kin an ton lao ng nu trong thit k hoc
trong chng ch xut xng ca chng; nht l khi khng y cc mc neo, dy chng hoc chng
c neo vo cc b phn kt cu km n nh nh lan can, mi ua, ban cng ... cng nh vo cc v
tr cha tnh ton chu c lc neo gi;
25

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
- C bin dng, rn nt, mn, g hoc thiu cc b phn;
- Khe h gia cc sn cng tc v tng nh hoc cng trnh ln hn 5 cm khi xy v ln hn 20 cm
khi hon thin;
- Khong cch t mp bin gii hn cng tc ca gin gio, gi ti mp bin lin k ca phng
tin vn ti nh hn 60 cm;
- Cc ct gin gio v cc khung t trn nn km n nh, c kh nng b trt, l hoc t trn
nhng b phn hay kt cu nh, cng trnh m khng c xem xt, tnh ton y m bo chu
lc n nh cho chnh b phn, kt cu v cho ct gin gio, khung .
2.8.1.5 Khng c xp ti ln gin gio, gi ngoi nhng v tr quy nh (ni c t bng ghi r
ti trng cho php pha trn) hoc vt qu ti trng theo thit k hoc chng ch xut xng ca n.
Khng c xp, cha bt k mt loi ti trng no ln cc thang ca gin gio, sn cng tc.
2.8.1.6 Khi gin gio cao hn 6 m phi lm t nht hai sn cng tc, bao gm sn lm vic bn trn,
sn bo v bn di. Khi lm vic ng thi trn hai sn th v tr gia hai sn ny phi c sn hay li
bo v. Khng c lm vic ng thi trn hai sn cng tc trong cng mt khoang m khng c bin
php m bo an ton.
2.8.1.7 Khi gin gio cao hn 12 m phi lm cu thang trong mt khoang gin gio. dc cu thang
khng c ln hn 600. Khong trng sn cng tc ln xung phi c lan can an ton c ba
pha.
2.8.1.8 Chiu rng sn cng tc ca gin gio khng c nh hn 1 m. Khi vn chuyn vt liu trn
sn cng tc bng xe y tay th chiu rng sn khng c nh hn 1,5 m. ng di chuyn ca
bnh xe phi lt vn; cc u vn phi kht v lin kt cht vo sn cng tc.
2.8.1.9 Vn lt sn cng tc bng g phi khng b mc, mt hay nt gy v c thit k m bo
kh nng chu lc v n nh.
2.8.1.10 Khi phi lm sn cng tc theo quy nh ti 2.2.2.6 th phi c lan can cao t nht 1 m v c t
nht 2 thanh ngang c kh nng gi ngi khi b ng.
2.8.1.11 Cc li i qua li pha di gin gio v gi phi c che chn bo v pha trn.
2.8.1.12 Gin gio, gi gn cc h o, ng i, gn phm vi hot ng ca my trc phi c bin
php phng cc vch h o b st l hoc cc phng tin vn chuyn va chm lm , gy gin
gio, gi .
2.8.1.13 Khi lp dng, s dng gin gio, gi gn ng dy ti in (di 5 m, k c ng
dy h th) cn c bin php tht nghim ngt m bo an ton v in cho ngi lao ng.
2.8.1.14 Trn gin gio, gi c lp t, s dng in chiu sng, trang thit b tiu th in nht
thit phi tun th theo quy nh ti 2.3, 2.5.

26

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.8.1.15 Gin gio, gi c cao n 4 m ch c php a vo s dng sau khi c cn b k
thut nghim thu v ghi vo nht k thi cng; cao trn 4 m th ch c php s dng sau khi c
nghim thu theo quy nh v qun l cht lng.
i vi cp pha trt, sn cng tc, lan can phng h, thang v cc tm chn gi phi c lin kt
cht vi h cp pha. Cc ti thp kch phi c tnh ton thit k v phn ti pha trn khi b tng
phi c ging chng m bo n nh. Cc kch v thit b nng phi c trang b cht hoc
thit b hm t ng chng tt.
2.8.1.16 Hng ngy, trc khi lm vic, cn b k thut phi kim tra li tnh trng ca tt c cc b
phn kt cu ca gin gio v gi . Trong khi ang lm vic, bt k mt ngi lao ng no pht
hin thy tnh trng h hng ca gin gio, gi c th nguy him, phi dng lm vic v bo co
cn b k thut bit tin hnh sa cha b sung.
2.8.1.17 Sau khi ngng thi cng trn gin gio, gi mt thi gian di (trn mt thng) nu mun tip
tc thi cng phi tin hnh nghim thu li theo quy nh ti 2.8.1.15.
2.8.1.18 Tho d gin gio, gi phi c tin hnh theo ch dn trong thit k hoc chng ch xut
xng. Khu vc ang tho d phi c ro ngn, bin cm ngi v phng tin qua li. Khng c
tho d gin gio, gi bng cch git .
2.8.1.19 Khng c dng lp, tho d hoc lm vic trn gin gio, gi khi tri ma to, ging bo
hoc gi t cp 5 tr ln. Khi tnh ma, mun tr li tip tc lm vic phi kim tra li gin gio, gi
theo quy nh ti 2.8.1.16 v phi c bin php chng trt ng.
2.8.2 Gin gio tre, gin gio g
2.8.2.1 Tre dng lm kt cu, gin gio phi l tre gi khng b i mc, mt hoc dp gy, phi m
bo yu cu k thut ca cc quy nh hin hnh.
2.8.2.2 G dng lm gin gio phi lm t g nhm 5 tr ln theo quy nh hin hnh, khng b cong
vnh, mc, mt, nt gy.
2.8.2.3 Gin gio g c chiu cao ln hn 4 m hoc chu ti trng nng phi dng lin kt bu lng.
Gin gio tre phi buc bng loi dy bn chc, lu mc. Khng c dng inh lin kt gin gio
tre.
2.8.2.4 Cc chn ct gin gio tre phi chn su 0,5 m v ln cht.
2.8.2.5 Gin gio tre, g dng lp xong phi kim tra: Kh nng neo buc ca cc lin kt, cht lng
vt liu, cc b phn kt cu (lan can, cu thang, vn sn...).
2.8.3 Gin gio thp
2.8.3.1 Cc ng thp dng lm gin gio v cc loi ai thp lin kt khng b cong, bp, lm, nt,
thng v cc khuyt tt khc. Kt cu gin gio thp phi m bo yu cu k thut theo quy nh hin
hnh.
27

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.8.3.2 Cc chn ct ca gin gio phi c lng vo chn v c k n nh, chc chn.
2.8.3.3 Gin gio phi neo chc vo cng trnh trong qu trnh lp dng. V tr t mc neo phi c
thit k. Khi v tr mc neo trng vi l tng phi lm h ging pha trong neo, cc ai thp phi
lin kt chc chn phng thanh trt trn ct ng.
2.8.3.4 Khi lp dng, tho d gin gio thp gn ng dy in (di 5 m) phi theo quy nh ti
2.8.1.13.
2.8.3.5 Khi dng gin gio cao hn 4 m phi lm h thng chng st theo ch dn ca thit k. Tr
trng hp gin gio dng lp trong phm vi c bo v bi h thng chng st c.
2.8.4 Gin gio treo, ni treo
2.8.4.1 Tit din dy treo phi theo ch dn ca thit k v phi m bo h s an ton khng c
nh hn 6.
Gin gio treo phi lm dy treo bng thp trn hoc dy cp. Ni treo phi dng dy treo bng cp
mm.
2.8.4.2 Gin gio treo v ni treo phi c lp dng cch cc phn nh ra ca cng trnh mt khong
ti thiu bng 10 cm.
2.8.4.3 Con-xon phi c nh vo cc b phn kt cu vng chc ca cng trnh. Khng c ta trn
mi ua hoc b mi.
2.8.4.4 Gin gio treo phi c neo buc chc chn vi cng trnh.
2.8.4.5 Khi ln xung gin gio treo, ngi lao ng phi dng thang dy c nh chc chn vo conxon hoc qua cc l hng ca tng.
2.8.4.6 Trc khi dng gin gio treo phi th li vi ti trng tnh c tr s ln hn 25 % ti trng tnh
ton. i vi ni treo, trc khi s dng ngoi vic th vi ti trng tnh nh trn cn phi th vi cc
loi ti trng sau:
a, Ti trng ca ni treo khi nng, h vi tr s ln hn 10 % ti trng tnh ton.
b, Ti trng treo v mc treo c tr s ln hn 2 ln ti trng tnh ton v thi gian treo th trn dy t
nht l 15 min.
2.8.4.7 Khi nng h ni treo phi dng ti c phanh hm t ng. Khng c ri t do. Khi ngng
lm vic phi h ni treo xung.
2.8.5 Thp nng di ng
2.8.5.1 ng di chuyn ca thp nng di ng phi bng phng theo phng dc cng nh phng
ngang.

28

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.8.5.2 Thp nng di ng t vo v tr phi chn bnh v c nh kch hm. Thp nng di ng
phi c h thng chng st theo ch dn ca thit k.
2.8.5.3 Di chuyn thp nng di ng phi nh nhng, khng b git. Khng c di chuyn thp nng
di ng khi c gi t cp 5 tr ln v khi c ngi hoc vt liu trn sn cng tc.
2.8.6 Gi con-xon
2.8.6.1 Cc khung ca gi phi t trn nn bng phng v n nh. Khi cha thi cng xong kt cu
sn tng phi gc vn tm ln n k t khu gi , khng t khung gi trc tip ln cc dm
sn.
2.8.6.2 Cc gi ch c xp thnh chng hai khung. Trng hp mun xp thnh chng ba khung
th phi hn ch ti trng t trn sn cng tc hoc c bin php gia c. C hai trng hp trn u
phi tnh ton kim tra li kh nng chu ti trng ca gi . Cc khung tng trn phi neo vo cc
b phn kt cu chc chn ca cng trnh.
2.8.6.3 Khi ln xung sn thao tc ca gi , ngi lao ng phi dng thang ta v khng c vn
vo khung ln xung sn.
2.8.6.4 Con-xon phi c lin kt chc chn vo cc b phn kt cu ca cng trnh.
2.8.6.5 Khi chuyn vt liu ln sn cng tc, phi dng thang ti hoc cc thit b cu chuyn khc.
Khng c lin kt cc thit b nng h vo con-xon. Khi ln xung sn cng tc ca gi con-xon,
ngi lao ng phi i t pha trong cng trnh ra qua cc l tng.
2.8.7 Thang
2.8.7.1 Thang phi t trn mt nn bng phng, n nh v chn gi chc chn. Khng c ta
thang nghing vi mt phng nm ngang ln hn 600 hoc nh hn 450. Trng hp thang t tri vi
quy nh ny phi c ngi gi thang v chn thang phi c chn gi chc chn.
2.8.7.2 Khi ni di thang phi dng dy buc chc chn; u thang phi neo buc vo cng trnh.
2.8.7.3 Trc khi ln lm vic trn thang gp, phi no dy phng thang b dong ra.
2.8.7.4 Khi s dng thang phi kim tra tnh trng an ton chung ca thang. i vi thang mi hoc
thang lu khng dng, trc khi dng phi th li vi ti trng bng 120 daN.
2.8.7.5 Trc khi ngi ln thang phi kim tra li vt chn thang cng nh v tr ta thang.
2.8.7.6 Khng c treo vt nng qu ti trng cho php vo thang khi ang c ngi lm vic trn
thang. Khng c dng thang gp lm gin gio hay gi .

2.9 Cng tc hn
2.9.1 Yu cu chung
2.9.1.1 Trc mi ca lm vic, th hn phi kim tra tt c cc thit b, dng c, vt liu hn v dng
c cha chy; m bo cc dng c, thit b hot ng tt, cc khp ni kn kht, vt liu ng
chng loi.
29

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.9.1.2 nhng tng tin hnh hn in, hn hi v cc tng pha di (khi khng c sn chng chy
bo v) phi dn sch cc cht d chy n trong bn knh khng nh hn 5 m, cn i vi vt liu v
thit b c kh nng b n phi di chuyn i ni khc.
2.9.1.3 Phi c cc bin php chng sp khi ct cc b phn ca kt cu.
2.9.1.4 Khng c php hn ct bng ngn la trn i vi cc thit b ang chu p lc hoc ang
cha cc cht chy n, cc cht c hi.
2.9.1.5 Khi hn in, hn hi trong cc thng kn hoc phng kn, phi tin hnh thng gi tt; tc
gi phi t c t 0,3 m/s n 1,5 m/s; phi b tr ngi ngoi quan st x l kp thi khi c
nguy him. Trng hp hn c s dng kh ho lng (Propan, Butan v xit cacbon) th ming ht ca
h thng thng gi phi nm pha di. Phi s dng cc thit b ng dn thot khi, qut thi hoc
mt n trnh ht khi hn.
2.9.1.6 Khi hn ct cc thit b m trc cha cht chy lng, hoc axit, phi sc ra sch ri
sy kh, sau kim tra xc nh bo m nng ca chng nh hn nng nguy him mi c
tin hnh cng vic.
2.9.1.7 Trc khi hn cc khu vc c hi kh chy n, c hi phi kim tra nng cc hi kh
v phi tin hnh cc bin php nhm m bo an ton phng chng chy n theo quy nh hin hnh.
Trng hp cn thit phi tin hnh thng gi bo m khng cn nguy c chy n, c hi mi bt
u cng vic.
2.9.1.8 Khng c ng thi hn hi v hn in trong cc thng kn.
2.9.1.9 Khi hn trong cc thng kn phi c n chiu sng t bn ngoi hoc dng n di ng
cm tay, in p khng c ln hn 12 V. Phi dng bin p cch li cho n chiu sng v t bn
ngoi. Khng c dng bin p t ngu h p.
2.9.1.10 Th hn hi, hn in k c ngi ph hn phi c trang b mt n hoc tm chn c knh
hn ph hp. Trc khi hn th hn phi kim tra y cc iu kin v an ton.
2.9.1.11 Ch c hn trn cao sau khi c bin php chng chy v bin php bo m an ton
cho vt liu, thit b v ngi lm vic i li pha di.
2.9.1.12 Hn ct cc b phn, thit b in hoc gn cc thit b in ang hot ng phi c bin
php phng in git.
2.9.2 Hn in
2.9.2.1 u ni in t li in vo my hn phi qua cu dao, dy chy. My hn phi c thit b
ng ct in. Khi ngng s dng phi ct ngun in cung cp cho my hn. Vic s dng my hn
in v cng vic hn in phi tun th QCVN 03:2011/BLTBXH.

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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.9.2.2 Phn kim loi ca thit b hn in (v my hn xoay chiu, my hn mt chiu...) cng nh
cc kt cu v sn phm hn, phi c ni t bo v.
2.9.2.3 dn in hn ti km hn in, m hn phi dng dy cp mm cch in c tit din ph
hp vi dng in ln nht ca thit b hn v thi gian ko di ca mt chu trnh hn.
2.9.2.4 Ch ni cc cp dn in phi thc hin bng phng php hn v bc cch in. Vic u
cp in vo thit b hn phi c thc hin bng u ct ng, c bt bng bu lng v nh cht
bng mi hn thic ti thit b hn.
2.9.2.5 Khi di chuyn hoc t cc dy in hn, khng va chm lm hng v cch in. Khng
cp in tip xc vi nc, du, cp thp, ng ng c nhit cao. Khong cch t cc ng y
in hn n cc ng ng c nhit cao, cc bnh xy, cc thit b cha kh axtylen hoc cc
thit b cha kh chy khc khng c nh hn 5 m. Chiu di dy dn t ngun in n my hn
khng c di qu 15 m.
2.9.2.6 Tit din nh nht ca ng dy mt dn in v phi m bo an ton theo iu kin t
nng do dng in hn i qua. Mi ni gia cc b phn dng lm dy dn v phi m bo chc chn
bng cch kp, bulng hoc hn. Khi hn trong cc phng c nguy c chy n, dy dn v phi c
cch in nh dy chnh.
2.9.2.7 Chui km hn phi lm bng vt liu cch in, cch nhit tt. Km hn phi kp chc que hn.
i vi dng in hn c cng 600 A tr ln, khng c dng km hn kiu dy dn lun trong
chui km.
2.9.2.8 in p ti cc kp ca my hn mt chiu, my hn xoay chiu trong lc pht h quang,
khng c vt qu 110 V i vi my in mt chiu v 70 V i vi my bin p xoay chiu.
2.9.2.9 Cc my hn tip xc c nh phi dng loi bin p 1 pha v u vi li in xoay chiu c
tn s 50 Hz v in p khng c ln hn 50 V. in p khng ti khng vt qu 36 V.
2.9.2.10 Ch c ly ngun in h quang t my hn xoay chiu, my hn mt chiu, my chnh lu.
Khng c ly trc tip t li in.
2.9.2.11 Khng c ni v tho dy u ra ca my hn khi cn c in.
2.9.2.12 Khi hn trong cc thng kn bng kim loi, my hn phi ngoi; th hn phi c trang b
m cao su, giy hoc thm cch in v gng tay cao su.
2.9.2.13 Cc my hn ngoi tri phi c mi che ma. Khng c hn ngoi tri khi c ma,
bo.
2.9.2.14 Hn ni c nhiu ngi cng lm vic hoc nhng ni c nhiu ngi qua li phi c
tm chn lm bng vt liu khng chy ngn cch bo v nhng ngi xung quanh.

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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.9.2.15 Trn cc my hn tip xc kiu hn ni, u phi lp l chn bo v bng thu tinh trong sut
ngi lao ng quan st qu trnh hn.
2.9.2.16 Ch c tin hnh lm sch cc in cc trn cc my hn in v hn ng sau khi
ct in.
2.9.2.17 My hn ng dng nc lm ngui con ln, phi lp mng hng nc. Ngi lao ng
khi lm vic, phi ng trn bc c tri thm cao su cch in.
2.9.2.18 Trn cc my hn in v hn ng phi lp knh che cc in cc pha th hn ng
lm vic.
2.9.2.19 Ch nhng th hn c o to mi c php hn di nc.
2.9.2.20 Trc khi tin hnh cng vic hn di nc, phi kho st cng trnh nh hn mt cch t
m; phi lp bin php thi cng v c thm duyt thn trng.
2.9.2.21 Khi hn di nc phi c ngi nm vng k thut an ton trn mt nc gim st, lin
lc vi ngi ang hn di nc bng in thoi. My in thoi, cu dao, cng tc ngt in phi
t v tr thun li kp thi x l s c.
2.9.2.22 Nu trn mt nc ti khu vc hn, c vng du m th khng c cho th hn xung lm
vic di nc.
2.9.3 Hn hi
2.9.3.1 Hn v ct bng hi, ngoi cc quy nh trong phn ny cn phi tun theo cc quy nh ca
cc tiu chun k thut c la chn p dng cho cng trnh.
2.9.3.2 t n (cacbua canxi) phi c bo qun trong thng kn; ni kh ro thong mt v
c phng chy. Khi m thng t n phi dng dng c chuyn dng.
2.9.3.3 Khi s dng bnh sinh kh axtylen, khng c:
- p sut hi vt qu quy nh cho php;
- Tho b cc b phn iu chnh t ng, cc van an ton, ng h o p sut;
- S dng cc thit b an ton b hng hoc khng chnh xc;
- M np ngn t n ca bnh khi cha tho ht kh cn li trong bnh;
- t bnh li i li, gn cu thang, tng hm, ch ng ngi nu khng c bin php bo v
phng khi bnh b n.
2.9.3.4 Bnh sinh kh axtylen phi c bu dp la. Trc mi ln s dng v t nht hai ln trong mi
ca lm vic phi kim tra li mc nc trong bu dp la.
2.9.3.5 Trc khi lm sch bnh sinh kh axtylen, phi m tt c cc l (vi, ca,) thng hi.

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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.9.3.6 Khi nghin t n phi eo knh v khu trang. Khi ly t n cn li trong bnh sinh kh ra
phi eo gng tay cao su.
2.9.3.7 Phi phn loi v ring cc chai cha kh v cc chai khng cn kh. Chai cha kh
thng ng trong cc gi v c c nh bng xch, mc hoc ai kha.
2.9.3.8 Ch c nhn, bo qun v giao cho ngi tiu th nhng chai c cc b phn bo him.
2.9.3.9 Chai cha kh axtylen sn mu trng, ch AXTYLEN vit trn chai sn mu . Chai cha
xy sn mu xanh da tri, ch XY vit trn chai bng sn mu en.
2.9.3.10 Cc chai xy v axtylen dng khi hn phi t ni thong mt, kh ro, c mi che ma
nng, cch xa ng dy in trn hoc cc vt b nung nng. Khi di chuyn phi t trn gi xe
chuyn dng. Khong cch gia cc chai xy v axtylen (hoc bnh sinh kh axtylen) cng nh
khong cch gia chng vi ni hn, ni c ngn la h hoc ni d pht sinh tia la ti thiu l 10 m.
2.9.3.11 Khi vn chuyn v s dng chai xy:
- Khng c vc ln vai hoc ln trn ng;
- Phi dng cc phng tin vn ti c b phn gim xc;
- Nu vn chuyn ng di, phi xp chai theo chiu ngang ca xe v mi chai phi c 2 vng m
bng cao su hoc cho gai c ng knh 25 mm;
- Khng c bi du m vo chn ren. Tay dnh du m khng c s vo chai.
2.9.3.12 Khi s dng, tu theo nhit mi trng bn ngoi, phi li trong chai mt lng kh m
bo p lc ti thiu l:
- 50 kPa i vi chai cha xy;
- 330 kPa i vi chai cha kh axtylen.
2.9.3.13 M van bnh axtylen, chai xy v lp cc b gim p trn bnh phi c dng c chuyn dng.
Khng c dng cc b phn gim p khng c ng h o p lc hoc ng h khng chnh xc.
ng h phi c hiu chun theo quy nh.
2.9.3.14 Trc khi hn hoc ct bng hi, th hn phi kim tra cc u dy dn kh m hn, chai hi,
ng h v bnh sinh kh.
2.9.3.15 Khi mi la phi m van xy trc, ri m van axtylen sau. Khi ngng hn phi ng van
axtylen trc, ng van xy sau.
2.9.3.16 Hn trong cc cng trnh ang xy dng hoc hn trong cc phng ang lp t thit b phi
thng gi cc b.
2.9.3.17 Khi hn nu m hn b tc phi ly dy ng thng, khng dng dy thp cng.

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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.9.3.18 Khng c sa cha cc ng dn axtylen cng nh ng dn xy hoc xit cc m c
bnh ang chu p lc khi kim p k cha chnh v s 0.

2.10 T chc mt bng v s dng my cc xng gia cng ph

2.10.1 Khng c lm pht sinh tia la nhng khu vc d chy. Ti nhng khu vc ny phi c
bin bo Cm la.
2.10.2 Khng c thi cc dung dch axit v cc dung dch baz vo cc ng ng cng cng, cc
dung dch ny phi thi ra theo ng ng ring.
2.10.3 Ti nhng v tr ng lm vic thng xuyn b m phi k bc g.
2.10.4 Nhng li i li gia cc khu vc bn trong xng phi rng t nht l 0,8 m. Khng c
bt k vt g gy cn tr trn cc li i li.
2.10.5 Phi b tr y n chiu sng cc li i li, cu thang v ti cc v tr lm vic khi tri ti.
n phi b tr sao cho nh sng khng chiu trc tip vo mt ngi lao ng, khng sng qu,
khng rung ng v khng b thay i cng nh sng c th nh hng n thao tc ca ngi
lao ng.
2.10.6 Tt c cc b phn iu khin my phi t v tr an ton v d dng thao tc.
2.10.7 V tr t my phi bo m sao cho khi tho d hoc sa cha, khng lm nh hng n
my bn cnh v thao tc ca ngi lao ng.
2.10.8 Tt c nhng c cu an ton ca my u phi c lp v bo m hot ng tt. Khng
c th v vn hnh cc my cng c khi cha lp y cc c cu an ton.
2.10.9 Trc khi sa cha my truyn ng bng ai truyn phi tho ai truyn ra khi bnh xe.
2.10.10 Nhng b phn chuyn ng lp trn cao, nhng cn phi theo di v iu chnh thng
xuyn, th phi lm sn thao tc rng t nht l 0,9 m v c lan can bo v cao 1 m.
2.10.11 Cc my dng ng c in hoc c lp in chiu sng phi c ni t bo v.
2.10.12 Khng c tra du m vo my khi my ang vn hnh.
2.10.13 Phi ct ngun in vo my trong cc trng hp sau:
- Khi ngng vic, d trong thi gian ngn;
- Khi b mt in;
- Khi lau my hoc tra du, m vo my.
2.10.14 Phi dng my li trong cc trng hp sau:
- Khi ly vt gia cng ra khi my nu my khng c trang b b phn t ng a vt ra ngoi khi
my ang vn hnh;
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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
- Khi thay i dng c, thit b.
2.10.15 Khi gia cng bng my, nu c cc phoi kim loi hoc tia la bn ra, phi c li che chn.
Trng hp khng th lm thit b che chn c, phi trang b cho ngi lao ng y cc trang
b phng h theo ng ch hin hnh.
2.10.16 nhng v tr lm vic c sinh bi phi c thit b ht bi bo m nng bi khng vt
qu gii hn cho php.
2.10.17 Khi my ang vn hnh, nu pht hin thy nhng hin tng bt thng phi ngng my.
2.10.18 Khi cc thit b in b hng, phi ct in v bo ngay cho th in n sa cha, khng
c t sa cha.
2.10.19 Khi kt thc cng vic, phi tt my v ch c ri khi my sau khi lau chi sch s v
kim tra cn thn.

2.11 S dng bi tum, ma tt v lp cch ly

2.11.1 Bi tum, ma tt
2.11.1.1 iu ch
2.11.1.1.1 Ni iu ch v nu bi tum, ma tt, phi t cch xa cng trnh d chy t nht 50 m, ng
thi phi c trang b y cc phng tin cha chy.
2.11.1.1.2 Dng c, thit b iu ch, un nng bi tum, ma tt phi bo m nhng yu cu sau:
- Thng nu phi c np lm bng vt liu khng chy v y kn. Khng c bi tum, ma tt vo
qu 3/4 dung tch ca thng;
- Khng c dng nhng thng c hin tng r r nu.
2.11.1.1.3 Trc khi ly bi tum thng ra nu, phi lt nghing thng cho nc thot ht ra ngoi.
2.11.1.1.4 Bi tum cho vo thng nu phi m bo kh ro, trong qu trnh iu ch v nu bi tum, ma
tt khng c nc ri vo thng nu.
2.11.1.1.5 Khng c bi tum t vo thng bi tum nng chy.
2.11.1.1.6 Trng hp dng nhin liu lng (du ho, du mazt ...) un nng bi tum lm vt liu
chng thm mi, cho php c t l nu trn mi nu khng c nguy c gy chy cng trnh.
2.11.1.1.7 Khi cn pha bi tum vi xng hoc du phi bo m nhng yu cu sau:
- Khi pha ch, ngi lao ng phi ng u gi v ch c bi tum t t vo xng hoc du,
khuy nh bng thanh g. Khng c xng hoc du vo bi tum nng chy;
- Nhit ca bi tum trong qu trnh pha ch hn hp phi thp hn nhit t bc chy ca dung
mi pha ch t nht l 30 0C;
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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
- Ni pha ch bi tum phi thong gi v cch xa ngn la trn t nht l 20 m.
2.11.1.2 Vn chuyn
2.11.1.2.1 Cc dng c mc, cha bi tum, ma tt nng chy phi kh ro v chc chn. Phi dng go
c cn di mc bi tum, ma tt nng chy.
2.11.1.2.2 Khi vn chuyn, bi tum, ma tt nng chy phi bo m cc yu cu sau:
- Vn chuyn bi tum, ma tt nng chy n ni thi cng phi bng cc phng tin c gii cha trong
cc thng kim loi c np y kn; khng c ng qu 3/4 dung tch thng;
- Ch c vn chuyn cc thng bi tum, ma tt chy bng cc phng tin th cng khi khng th
dng c cc phng tin c gii.
2.11.1.2.3 Vn chuyn cc thng bi tum nng chy ln cao phi dng cc phng tin c gii.
2.11.2 Lp cch li
2.11.2.1 Khi ri bi tum, phi i git li ngc hng gi thi. Ngi lao ng phi mang y cc
trang b phng h: khu trang, gng tay, ng cao su. Nhng ngi khng c nhim v khng c n
gn khu vc ang ri bi tum.
2.11.2.2 Khi ri bi tum trn mi phi c bin php phng bi tum nng chy ri vo ngi bn
di.
2.11.2.3 Trc khi bt u t lp cch li cho thit b cng ngh, phi ngt in hon ton cc ng
c in ca thit b , ng thi cc cp hi, v cc dung dch cng ngh phi c nt bt li
tht chc chn. Ti nhng v tr ny phi treo bin bo c ngi ang lm vic.
2.11.2.4 t lp cch li cho cc thit b cng ngh, cc ng ng phi tin hnh ngay trn mt bng,
trc khi lp t chng, hoc sau khi chng c c nh theo nh thit k.
2.11.2.5 Khi lm lp cch li bng sn, bi tum nng chy trong cc phng kn, ging, ho ... , ngi lao
ng phi s dng mt n, knh phng h v xoa du, cao c bit vo nhng phn h trn c th.
2.11.2.6 Sau khi tm ngng hoc kt thc cng vic ni trn, phi t bin bo cm ngi li gn
nhng khu vc ny. Ch c vo bn trong lm vic tip tc khi c lnh ca ngi c trch nhim v
khi nng cc cht c trong khng kh gim xung t nht bng gii hn cho php.
2.11.2.7 Khi t lp cch li bng bng khong, bng thu tinh hoc cc vt liu tng t, ngi lao
ng phi s dng knh phng h, gng tay, khu trang. Qun o lm vic phi c ci kn cc c v
tay o.
2.11.2.8 Khi t lp cch li bng bng thu tinh gn cc ng dy in ang vn hnh phi ct in.

2.12 Cng tc t
2.12.1 Yu cu chung
2.12.1.1 Nhng quy nh ca phn ny p dng cho cng tc o t h mng, ng ho l thin
trong cc cng trnh xy dng.

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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.12.1.2 Ch c php o t h mng, ng ho theo h s thit k bin php thi cng c
ph duyt.
2.12.1.3 Khi o t trong khu vc c cc tuyn ngm (dy cp ngm, ng ng dn nc, dn
hi...), phi c vn bn chp thun ca c quan qun l cc tuyn v c s ch dn v tr, su
ca cng trnh. n v thi cng phi t bin bo, tn hiu thch hp ti khu vc c tuyn ngm v phi
c cn b k thut gim st trong sut qu trnh o t.
2.12.1.4 Khng c dng my; khng c dng cng c gy va mnh nh x beng, cuc chim,
chong c, thit b dng kh p o t gn cc tuyn ngm. Khi pht hin cc tuyn ngm l
hoc khng ng vi s ch dn hoc gp cc vt tr ngi nh bom, n, mn ... lp tc phi ngng
thi cng, xem xt v c bin php x l thch hp. Ch c tip tc lm vic, sau khi c bin
php x l m bo an ton.
2.12.1.5 Khi o t gn ng cp in ngm ang vn hnh, nu khng c php ct in phi
c bin php m bo an ton v in cho ngi lao ng (dng dng c cch in, c trang b phng
h cch in) v phi c s gim st trc tip ca c quan qun l ng cp in trong thi gian o.
2.12.1.6 Khi ang o t nu thy xut hin hi, kh c hi phi lp tc ngng thi cng v ngi lao
ng phi ri khi khu vc nguy him cho n khi c cc bin php kh ht hi kh c hi.
2.12.1.7 o h mng, ng ho ... gn li i, tuyn giao thng, trong khu vc dn c phi c ro
ngn v bin bo, ban m phi c n bo hiu. Ro ngn phi t cch mp ngoi l ng
khng t hn 1 m.
2.12.1.8 Trong khu vc ang o t phi c bin php thot nc ng (k c khi ma to) trnh
nc chy vo h o lm st l thnh h o.
- Trong khi ang o t phi bm ht nc h mng, ng ho phng t b st l.
- Khi mc nc ngm cao hn cao y mng phi c bin php n nh h o, chng y tri t
y h mng (h mc nc ngm, lm h chng ).
2.12.1.9 o h mng, ng ho vng t c m khng cao v khng c nc ngm c th
o thng vch (khng cn chng vch) vi chiu su o:
- Khng qu 1 m vi loi t mm c th o bng cuc bn;
- Khng qu 2 m vi loi t cng phi o bng x beng, cuc chim, chong.
2.12.1.10 Trong mi trng hp o t khc vi iu kin ti 2.12.1.9 phi o t c mi dc hoc
c chng vch.

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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.12.1.11 Khi ang o t nu do iu kin thin nhin hay ngoi cnh lm thay i trng thi t
nh nn b ngm nc ma ko di, t qu m hay bo ha nc , n v thi cng phi kim tra li
vch h o, mi dc. Nu khng m bo an ton phi c bin php gia c chng trt, st l t,
sp vch bt ng (gim nghing dc, tm ngng vic ch t, gia cng thanh chng ).
2.12.1.12 Khi o h mng, ng ho c mi dc hoc c chng vch, khng c php t ti
trng sai v tr, khu vc v chng loi quy nh trong thit k k thut thi cng nh: xp vt liu,
t o, t xe my, ng ray, ng gong; di chuyn xe c, dng ct in... khng ng ni hoc
v tr quy nh ca thit k.
2.12.1.13 Khng c o theo kiu "hm ch". Nu pht hin c vt th ngm phi dng thi cng
ngay v ngi lao ng phi di n ni an ton. Ch c thi cng tip sau khi ph b "hm ch"
hoc vt th ngm.
2.12.1.14 Phi thng xuyn kim tra tnh trng vch h o, mi dc. Nu pht hin vt nt dc theo
vch h mng, mi dc phi dng thi cng ngay. Ngi cng nh my mc, thit b phi chuyn n v
tr an ton. Sau khi c bin php x l thch hp mi c tip tc lm vic.
2.12.1.15 o h mng, ng ho trong phm vi chu nh hng ca xe my v thit b gy chn
ng mnh, phi c bin php ngn nga s ph hoi mi dc.
2.12.1.16 Khu vc o t c cy ci, phi c bin php cht cy, o gc an ton. Trc khi cht
cy, phi c tn hiu m thanh cnh bo khu vc nguy him. Dng my o gc cy, phi c bin php
phng t dy ko.
2.12.1.17 Dng vt liu n ph b cc khi ngm, mng nh c hoc lm ti khi t qu rn
phi tun th cc quy nh ti QCVN 02:2008/BCT.
2.12.1.18 Li ln xung h mng, phi lm bc di t nht l 0,7 m rng 0,4 m. Khi h o hp v su,
phi dng thang ta. Khng c bm vo cc thanh chng vch hoc chng tay ln ming h o
ln xung.
2.12.1.19 Ly t bng gu, thng ... t h mng, ng ho ln phi c mi che hoc li bo v
chc chn bo m an ton cho ngi lao ng. Khi nng h gu, thng ... phi c tn hiu thch hp
(m thanh, nh sng.. ) trnh gy tai nn.
2.12.2 o t c mi dc
2.12.2.1 o h mng, ng ho khc vi quy nh ti 2.12.1.8, 2.12.1.9 phi to mi dc (nu
khng chng vch) theo cc gc nghing khng ln hn cc tr s Bng 5.

38

QCVN 18:2014/BXD

Bng 5 Gc nghing ca mi dc o khng chng

Trng thi t
t m (kh)

Loi t

Gc gia

T s gia

Gc gia

T s gia

Gc gia

T s gia

mi dc v

chiu cao

mi dc v

chiu cao

mi dc v

chiu cao

phng

ca mi

phng

ca mi

phng

ca mi

ngang, (0)

dc v

ngang, (0)

dc v

ngang, (0)

dc v

hnh chiu

hnh chiu

hnh chiu

trn mt

trn mt

trn mt

phng

phng

phng

ngang

ngang

ngang

Si, cui

40

1:1,20

40

1:1,20

35

1:1,45

Ct ht to

30

1:1,75

32

1:1,60

25

1:2,15

Ct ht trung

28

1:1,90

35

1:1,45

25

1:2,15

Ct ht nh

25

1:2,15

30

1:1,75

20

1:2,77

St pha

50

1:0,84

40

1:1,20

30

1:1,75

t hu c

40

1:1,20

35

1:1,45

25

1:2,15

40

1:1,20

25

1:2,15

15

1:3,75

than

bn

khng c r cy

2.12.2.2 Khng c o t ct, ct pha bo ho nc m khng c h vch chng.

2.12.2.3 i vi mi dc di hn 3 m v dc ln hn 1 : 1 hoc mi dc c dc ln hn 1 : 2
nhng b m t, th ngi lao ng lm vic trn phi eo dy an ton buc vo cc neo gi chc
chn.
2.12.3 o t c vch chng
2.12.3.1 Khi o h mng, ng ho khng to mi dc theo quy nh ti 2.12.2.1 phi lm h chng
theo quy nh Bng 6.
Bng 6 H thanh chng
Kiu chng
Loi t
t c m trung bnh
t c m cao, t ri

o su n 3 m

o su t 5 m tr
ln

o su t 3 5 m

Chng ngang cch Chng ngang

qung 2 tm
(kht)
Chng ngang hoc
Chng ng
lin tc (kht)

lin

tc

Tt c cc loi t khi c
ng vn c su vo y h o t nht 0,75 m
nc ngm

Chng theo thit k

Chng theo thit k
Chng theo thit k

2.12.3.2 i vi h mng rng phi tnh ton thit k h thng chng .

39

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.12.3.3 o h mng, ng ho ni m t hoc t ct d b st l, phi dng vn ghp kht vi
nhau v phi ng su xung y h o ti thiu 0,75 m.
2.12.3.4 o h mng, ng ho vng t ct chy phi tnh ton thit k vn chng ring, trong
bao gm cc bin php gia c vch chng v h mc nc ngm.
2.12.3.5 o h mng, ng ho ngay cnh cc h o c lp t, nhng t lp cha n nh
phi c bin php gia c vch chng chc chn v trong qu trnh o phi thng xuyn quan st tnh
trng ca vch chng.
2.12.3.6 Nu thu hi thanh chng nhng vng t d b st l hoc bn cnh cc cng trnh c c
th lm mt n nh vch h o hoc cng trnh , phi tho tng phn hoc li ton b h chng.
2.12.3.7 Khi o t bng my phi dng h vch chng khng c thanh chng hoc nu khng chng
vch phi to mi dc nh quy nh ti 2.12.2.1.
2.12.4 o t th cng
2.12.4.1 Dng cuc, xng hoc bt k dng c cm tay no khc phi ng quy nh ti 2.5. c bit
cn lu quy nh ti 2.12.1.5.
2.12.4.2 t o di y h mng, ng ho phi vo khu vc, v tr c quy nh trong
thit k thi cng, nhng phi cch ming h t nht l 0,5 m. t ln ming h o phi c dc
khng qu 450 so vi mt phng ngang. Khi o t bn sn i, ni phi c bin php chng t,
ln bt ng theo mi dc.
2.12.4.3 Cng tc thot nc, kim tra tnh trng vch h o mi dc, lm bc ln xung phi theo
ng quy nh ti 2.12.1.8, 2.12.1.11, 2.12.1.18.
2.12.4.4 Khi o h mng, ng ho su hn 2 m phi b tr t nht l 2 ngi lao ng cng lm
vic, nhng phi ng cch xa nhau c th cp cu kp thi khi xy ra tai nn bt ng.
2.12.4.5 Khng c b tr ngi lm vlc trn ming h mng trong khi ang c ngi lm vic bn
di h o cng mt khoang m t, c th ri, l xung ngi di.
2.12.4.6 Khng c ngi ngh cnh h o hoc thnh t p.
2.12.5 o t bng my
2.12.5.1 o t bng my xc
2.12.5.1.1 Trong thi gian my hot ng mi ngi khng c i li trn mi dc t nhin cng nh
trong phm vi bn knh hot ng ca my. Khu vc ny phi c bin bo.
2.12.5.1.2 Nn t my phi n nh, bng phng. Nu nn t yu phi lt t vt, xe phi c vt k
chn chc chn.

40

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.12.5.1.3 Khi vn hnh v di chuyn my xc, phi thc hin y cc quy nh chung ti 2.6 (kim
tra tnh trng my, v tr t my, thit b an ton, phanh hm, tn hiu, m thanh, cho my chy th
khng ti, bn giao tnh trng my sau mi ca lm vic, di chuyn my di ng dy in cao th).
2.12.5.1.4 Khng c thay i nghing ca my xc khi gu xc ang mang ti.
2.12.5.1.5 Khng c iu chnh phanh, khi gu xc ang mang ti hay ang quay gu. Khng c
hm phanh t ngt.
2.12.5.1.6 Khng c my xc hot ng khi ang dng tay c nh dy cp. Khng c
dng tay nn thng dy cp khi ang dng ti qun cp.
2.12.5.1.7 Phi thng xuyn kim tra tnh trng ca dy cp. Khng c dng cp b ni.
2.12.5.1.8 Khi ngng vic phi di chuyn my xc ra khi gng tng v h gu xung t. Ch c
lm sch gu xc, khi h gu xung t.
2.12.5.1.9 Ch c cho my xc lm vic v ban m hoc lc c sng m, khi m bo chiu
sng y .
2.12.5.1.10 Trong bt k trng hp no khong cch gia cabin my xc ngom 1 gu v thnh h
o khng c nh hn 1 m.
2.12.5.1.11 Khi di chuyn my xc trn on ng c dc ln hn 150 phi c s h tr ca my
ko hoc ti. Khi di chuyn khng c gu xc mang ti; gu phi t dc theo hng di chuyn
ca my, ng thi h cn cch mt t t 0,5 m n 0,9 m.
2.12.5.1.12 Khi iu khin gu xc t vo thng xe t, phi quay gu qua pha sau thng xe
v dng gu gia thng xe. Sau h gu t t xung t. Khng c iu khin gu xc
qua bung li. Li xe khng c ngi trong bung li khi my xc ang t vo thng xe.
2.12.5.2 o t bng my i
2.12.5.2.1 Khi o t bng my i, phi quy nh phm vi hot ng ca my. Mi ngi khng c
i li, lm vic trn ng di chuyn ca my, k c trng hp khi my tm dng hot ng.
2.12.5.2.2 Khng c dng my i thi cng trn cc mi dc ln hn 300. Khng c th ben ra
khi mp h mng, ng ho (khi t).
2.12.5.2.3 Cng nhn li my phi lun lun thc hin cc quy nh sau:
- Khi my di chuyn phi quan st pha trc;
- Ban m hoc tri ti khng c lm vic nu khng chiu sng y ;
- Khi ngng lm vic phi h ben trn mt t.
2.12.5.2.4 Khong cch ti thiu gia hai my i (tnh t im bin gn nht gia hai my) cng lm
vic trn mt mt bng l 2 m.
41

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.12.5.3 o t bng my cp
2.12.5.3.1 o t bng my cp phi cch h mng, ng ho mt khong khng nh hn 0,5 m
hoc cch mi dc mt khong khng nh hn 1 m.
2.12.5.3.2 Khng c dng my cp thi cng nhng sn dc hn 300.
2.12.5.3.3 Khng c t thng my ra khi my ang di chuyn.
2.12.5.3.4 Khi my ang di chuyn, khng c ngi ng gia thng my v u ko, i qua b
phn ni thng my v u ko.
2.12.5.3.5 Khi di chuyn my cp phi h thng cch mt t mt khong t nht l 0,35 m.
2.12.5.3.6 Khi my ang hot ng khng c sa cha, tra du m vo bt k mt b phn no ca
my.
2.12.5.3.7 Phi tho thng xe ra khi u ko khi cng nhn sa cha cc b phn di thng xe.
2.12.5.3.8 Khi s dng cc loi my o t nh: my xc, my i, my cp , ngoi nhng quy nh
trn phi tun theo cc quy nh ti 2.6.
2.12.6 o ging v h thm d
2.12.6.1 o ging v o h thm d trong nhng iu kin khc vi quy nh ti 2.12.1.9, phi c
vch chng.
2.12.6.2 Khi o ging v o h thm d phi theo cc quy nh sau:
- Pha trn ming h o phi c li thp che chn phng t, trn ming h ri xung;
- Thng chuyn t t di ln phi buc chc chn vo u dy ko. Khi chuyn cc tng t
di h o ln, ngi lao ng phi ln khi h;
- Khng c cht vt liu y qu ming thng;
- Ngi lao ng phi ln khi h o khi chuyn t t di ln nu khng c mi che chn;
- Khi lm vic trong ging v h thm d phi c t nht 02 ngi tr ln nhm ngn chn v x l kp
thi khi xy ra s c.
2.12.6.3 Khi c ngi ang lm vic di h o, khng c lm bt k vic g c th pht sinh ra tia
la trong h o.
2.12.6.4 Ngi lao ng xung h su phi dng thang hoc thng nng. Dy ko phi ly vi h s
an ton bng 9 ln ti trng thc t, lng d tr dy ko khng nh hn 6 vng tang ti v ti quay
phi c nh chc chn.
2.12.6.5 Trc khi ngi lao ng xung h o phi kim tra bo m khng c hi kh c hi
di h. Nu c hi kh c hi khng c ngi lao ng xung h v phi c bin php kh ht
hi c hi .
42

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.12.6.6 Khi dng thng nng nng h ngi lao ng trong ging hoc h o thm d, ch c
php dng ti tay v tc di chuyn khng qu 1 m/s, ng thi phi c s gim st ca cn b k
thut thi cng ph trch. Ti phi c y thit b hm t ng. Phi kim tra ti trc mi ca lm
vic v trong 1 ca phi kim tra ti t nht l 2 ln.
2.12.7 o t bng phng php c gii thy lc
2.12.7.1 Ch c lp sng phun nc vo h thng cung cp nc sau khi kim tra cc kho hm
ngun cung cp nc lm vic tt.
2.12.7.2 Khng sng phun nc hot ng khi khng c ngi trng coi.
2.12.7.3 Khi tm ngng vic phi hng vi nc chch xung t v quay v pha khng c ngi
qua li.
2.12.7.4 Khong cch gia ni t sng phun nc v gng tng khng c nh hn chiu cao
ca gng tng.
2.12.7.5 Phi thng xuyn xem xt tnh trng ca ng ng dn nc t trm bm n ni t
sng phun.
2.12.7.6 Khu vc t sng phun phi c ro ngn v bin bo Cm.
2.12.7.7 Trc khi cho sng phun hot ng, phi kim tra tnh trng ca cc van. Trn ng ng
dn nc trong phm vi khng qu 10 m tnh t ch lm vic ca cng nhn iu khin sng phun
nc, phi c van ngng cp nc trong cc trng hp s c.
2.12.7.8 Khng c i li trn cc ng ng dn nc. Phi lm li i li ring.
2.12.7.9 Ch c thay vi phun, xit cht cc ch ni, hoc sa cha cc h hng ca sng phun
sau khi tt ng c.
2.12.7.10 Ban m trong phm vi hot ng ca sng phun phi c chiu sng y .
2.12.7.11 Cng nhn iu khin sng phun nc v cng nhn trm bm phi lin lc vi nhau
bng tn hiu m thanh hoc tn hiu nh sng.
2.12.7.12 Trong phm vi hot ng ca sng phun, nu c ng in cao th i qua, phi phng
c lung, tia nc chm vo dy hoc ct in.
2.12.7.13 Khng c t ng ng dn ln cc gi gn cc ng dy in cao th.
2.12.7.14 Cc mng dn bn t trn gi phi m bo bn v n nh; hai bn mng dn phi
c sn thao tc rng 0,7 m v c lan can bo v cao 1,0 m. Ch cho php lm sch rn thu bn khi
tt sng phun nc v my ht bn.
2.12.7.15 Ngi v xe c khng c i qua li pha di mng dn bn v ng dn nc.

43

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.12.7.16 Mng dn bn v h cha bn phi c thnh bo v chc chn. Khng c i li trn
thnh bo v.
2.12.7.17 Sau khi ngng lm vic phi: bo hiu ng trm bm; ng van sng phun; ht ht
bn vo ni cha.

2.13 Cng tc mng v h ging chm

2.13.1 Thi cng mng nng
2.13.1.1 Khng c hoc nm vt liu (gch, ...) t trn ming h mng xung h. Phi dng
cc phng tin c gii hoc mng dn a vt liu xung h mng; u di ca mng dn phi
t cch y h mng khng qu 0,5 m.
2.13.1.2 ng i li, vn chuyn vt liu phi nm ngoi vng lng th st l ca h mng.
2.13.1.3 Phi kim tra tnh trng n nh ca thnh h mng trc khi thi cng. Trong qu trnh thi
cng mng, nu pht hin c nguy c st l thnh h phi nhanh chng ri ngi khi vng nguy him.
2.13.1.4 Ln xung h mng phi c thang chuyn dng. Khng c ln xung bng cch u, nhy
hoc li dng h vng chng.
2.13.1.5 Vt liu lm mng phi cch mp h mng 1 m v phi c vn chn.
2.13.2 Thi cng mng cc
2.13.2.1 Dy cp dng ko cc bng c gii phi c h s an ton khng nh hn 6 v khng nh
hn 4 khi ko bng th cng.
2.13.2.2 Trc khi dng cc phi kim tra cht lng cc loi b nhng cc khng m bo an
ton, nhng ngi khng c nhim v phi ng ra ngoi phm vi ang dng cc mt khong t nht
bng chiu cao thp cng thm 2 m.
2.13.2.3 Ch c ko cc bng dy cp lun qua rng rc chuyn hng khi cc rng rc ny c
nh vo my theo phng thng ng v cc nm trong phm vi tm nhn ca ngi iu khin.
2.13.2.4 Khi cn iu chnh li cc phi cho ba ngng p v h ba st u cc. Khi chnh sa
u cc phi nng ba cch u cc mt khong khng ln hn 0,3 m, ng thi phi gi ba bng
dy hoc cht.
2.13.2.5 Khi ct cc u tha ca cc b tng phi thc hin cc bin php an ton phng nga mnh
b tng vng bn hoc u cc vo ngi.
2.13.2.6 Khi thi cng cc nhi:
- Khng c thi cng v b tng cc khi c gi trn cp 5;
- Phi dng np y l khi ngng khoan;

44

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
- Trng hp phi o h cc bng bin php th cng: ch c tin hnh trong t n nh, khng
c nc ngm v thnh h c chng lin tc;
- Ch cho php ngi lm vic trong l khoan c khng gian thao tc v c ng knh t nht
1,0 m;
- Cc v tr nguy him phi c bin bo hiu v c ngi canh gc.
2.13.2.7 Khi thi cng p cc:
- i vi cc thit b s dng vt nng lm i trng, phi lp bin php an ton trong sp t, tho d
v chuyn ti i trng;
- Ngi iu khin h thng thy lc phi v tr c th quan st c tt c cc cng vic lp dng
cc, hn ni cc, lp t cc dn v cc cng vic ph tr khc;
- Cc t cc c lp dng ln gi my p cc bng thit b nng v phi c neo gi trong sut
qu trnh thi cng.
2.13.2.8 Khi thi cng ging ct, bc thm
- Lp san to mt bng phi kh nng chu ti trng ca thit b thi cng. Khi cn thit phi th ti
nn bng my xc hoc xe ben cht y ti;
- Trong trng hp nhiu thit b ang lm vic trn cng mt bng th nn b tr chng cch nhau mt
khong cch ln hn tng chiu cao ca cc thit b.
2.13.3 H ging chm
2.13.3.1 Khi cht thm ti ln thnh ging, phi bo m an ton cho nhng ngi lm vic di
ging. Khng c o su xung di vnh ging qu 1 m.
2.13.3.2 Phi c phng tin bo m an ton cho ngi ln xung ging, c bin php thot ngi
nhanh chng trong trng hp t y b st l bt ng, phi c 2 ngun in cung cp cho cc my
bm thot nc cc ging (mt ngun s dng cn mt ngun d phng).
2.13.3.3 Khng c ngi di ging, khi gu ngom ly t ra khi ging. Trng hp cn
phi c ngi lm tn hiu di ging, th ngi phi ng ngoi phm vi hot ng ca gu v
phi c che chn bo v pha trn.
2.13.3.4 Khi dng cn trc nng t ra khi ging, phi t thng trong h thng ng ngn di ng
v c tn hiu nh sng bo hiu.
2.13.3.5 Phm vi lng ging c ngi lm vic bn di phi c che chn pha trn v m bo cc
quy nh ti 2.1.
2.13.3.6 Cu cn, gin gio, gi v cc chi tit lin kt ng dn va phi lm ng theo cc quy
nh ti 2.8 v 2.17.
45

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.14 Thi cng cc cng trnh ngm
2.14.1 Yu cu chung
2.14.1.1 Khi thi cng cc cng trnh ngm, ngoi vic thc hin cc quy nh trong phn ny cn phi
tun th cc quy nh hin hnh v an ton trong cc hm l.
2.14.1.2 Trc khi thi cng cc cng trnh ngm, phi c y cc ti liu: thit k, thit k k thut
thi cng, bn trc a, ti liu a cht, thu vn, s cc cng trnh c trong khu vc thi cng, cc
vn bn nghim thu cc iu kin m bo an ton.
2.14.1.3 Khi tin hnh thi cng cng trnh ngm phi c thit k bin php k thut thi cng gm:
- Quy trnh k thut thi cng hng dn trnh t thi cng v cc bin php chng , lp t an ton;
- Bin php chng nc ngm;
- Bin php bo v cc loi ng ng, ng dy lin lc cc ng hm hoc ang thi cng
khc cng nh cc cng trnh khc nm trn mt t gn ni thi cng;
- Phng n phng nga, x l s c trong cc cng trnh ngm;
- Cc bin php thng gi, chiu sng, o kim tra kh c hi v bo m v sinh mi trng trong
sut qu trnh thi cng.
2.14.1.4 Khi thi cng cc cng trnh ngm di hoc gn cc cng trnh khc, phi c bin php
phng v gim st cht ch tnh trng n nh ca cng trnh trc v trong qu trnh thi cng.
2.14.1.5 Ngi lm vic trong cng trnh ngm phi c trang b cc phng tin bo v c nhn
theo ng quy nh hin hnh.
2.14.1.6 Tt c my, thit b, phng tin, phc v thi cng cng trnh ngm, ngoi vic thc hin
theo cc quy nh ti 2.6, cn phi thc hin ng cc quy nh ring ph hp vi iu kin an ton
trong khi thi cng cc cng trnh ngm.
2.14.1.7 Phi thnh lp i cp cu hm l chuyn trch (hoc bn chuyn trch), trang b y cc
phng tin cp cu ngi b nhim c, cu sp, cha chy kp thi cu cha khi c s c bt
ng.
2.14.2 An ton khi thi cng
2.14.2.1 Khi vo lm vic trong cc cng trnh ngm, phi c t nht t 2 ngi tr ln v phi t chc
kim tra cht ch s ngi ra, vo lm vic trc v sau mi ca. Mi ln i ca, phi kim tra k s
ngi lm vic, tnh trng an ton ca ni lm vic v ghi y vo s giao ca.
2.14.2.2 Trc khi lm vic mi ngi phi chun b y vt liu, dng c cn thit cho mt ca lm
vic. Phi kim tra v chng t ngoi ca gng l c o tr vo ti gng ang thi cng, cc thit
b an ton, tnh trng k thut an ton. Ly ht ti khu vc lm vic bo m an ton mi c
thi cng.
46

QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.14.2.3 Khi pht hin thy c du hiu nguy him c th gy tai nn lao ng hoc s c, phi dng
li v kp thi x l.
2.14.2.4 Khi c s thay i cc iu kin a cht, thu vn phi xem xt v sa i li thit k bin
php k thut thi cng cho ph hp.
2.14.2.5 Trc khi thi cng gn cc ng dy in ngm hoc ng ng chu p lc, phi ct in
hoc kho van ng ng li.
2.14.2.6 Khi thi cng ngm di tuyn ng st, phi thng xuyn quan st tnh trng ca nn
ng. Nu thy nn ng xut hin bin dng, phi ngng ngay cng vic v x l kp thi.
2.14.2.7 Trong qu trnh thi cng cc cng trnh ngm, nu thy pht sinh hoc nghi ng c kh m-tan,
kh cc-b-nic hoc cc loi kh c khc, phi tin hnh o kim tra xc nh c th nng kh v c
bin php lm gim nng xung mc quy nh cho php, ng thi c bin php phng, chng
nhim c v chng chy, n kh.
2.14.2.8 Khoan bn mn trong cc cng trnh ngm phi tun th QCVN 02:2008/BCT .
2.14.2.9 Khi o cc gng hm phi ch quan st hin tng l ca gng. Nu c phi lp tc
dng li v x l kp thi.
2.14.2.10 Khi c hin tng bin dng thanh chng, phi tng cng thm cc thanh chng mi.
2.14.2.11 Khi thy thanh chng hng, ch c tho tng thanh mt. Trc khi tho phi gia c
chc chn cc thanh chng ng trc v sau thanh b h hng. cc hm l c o khi thay thanh
chng hoc chng ph m rng on l b nn, phi tin hnh chng ui theo gng v khng c
ngi ra vo lm vic pha trong (tnh t ch chng ph vo gng). cc ng ba c nhnh hm
c o, khi chng ph cch ng ba 5 m, phi dng ngay mi cng vic trong nhnh c o. Sa
cha cc ng hm l dc trn 250 phi lm t trn xung.
2.14.2.12 Khi o v chng ging ng, cn ch :
- Trong khong t gng l ging ti thanh chng vnh vin, phi c cc thanh chng tm thi. Trng
hp rn, n nh th thanh chng tm cng khng c cch gng l qu 1 m;
- Phi c sn bo v chn vt ri t trn cao xung sn cch y ging khng qu 4,0 m;
- Khong cch t mp sn bo v ti thnh thanh chng ca ging khng c qu 0,5 m;
- Khi di chuyn sn, ngi lao ng gng phi ln ht trn mt t;
- Cn b k thut thi cng, phi gim st ti ch vic di chuyn sn bo v v cc thit b c kh khc
treo trong ging;
- Khi s dng sn treo, phi lm mi bn trn bo v nhng ngi ang lm vic trn sn;
- Trc khi bn mn, sn treo phi c ko ln cao cch gng t nht t 15 m n 30 m;
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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
- Nu dng thng treo chuyn t th ca chn ming ging, ch c m khi thng i qua. Cnh
ca phi kn.
2.14.2.13 Khi xy ging bng , gch hay b tng th khong trng gia thnh h vi thnh ging,
phi c chn k.
2.14.2.14 Xung quanh ming ging, phi c ro chn cao ti thiu 2,5 m, pha ra vo phi c ca st.
Khi ngng cng tc, cc ca phi ng kho cn thn. Tt c cc u tng l ging cng phi c
ca st hay chn song st.
2.14.2.15 o ng hm bng khin o:
- Cc c cu ph kin ca khin o khi a xung v tr thi cng v khi lp, phi tin hnh di s ch
o trc tip ca cn b k thut thi cng v phi tun theo hiu lnh thng nht;
- Ch c php o t trong gii hn mi ua ca khin;
- Khng c di chuyn khin o mt khong ln hn chiu di ca on vm chng.
2.14.2.16 o ng hm bng phng php p ng ng theo phng nm ngang:
- Cho php ngi lm vic bn trong ng ng khi ng knh bn trong ca ng ng bng hoc
ln hn 1,2 m;
- ng ng di trn 7 m phi c thng gi cng bc vi lng khng kh sch c tnh ton
cho s h hp ca mt ngi khng nh hn 4 m3/min;
- Ch cho php o t bng phng php th cng trong ng ng khi loi tr c kh, nc
trong gng;
- Phi c thng tin lin lc hai chiu vi ngi lao ng lm trong ng ng;
- Khng c o t ngoi gii hn mp ca ng ng.
2.14.3 i li v vn chuyn trong cng trnh ngm
2.14.3.1 mi ca ra vo cng trnh ngm, phi c ni quy quy nh vic i li, vn chuyn an ton
trong ng hm. Ngoi cc quy nh trong Quy chun ny, cn phi tun th theo cc quy nh hin
hnh v yu cu an ton trong khai thc hm l m qung v phi qung. Cc kt cu gia c ming
ging dn xung cng trnh ngm, phi lm cao hn ming ging t nht l 0,5 m. Ca ging phi c
np y chc chn, khng c t bt c vt g ln np hoc xung quanh ming ging trong phm vi
nh hn 0,5 m.
2.14.3.2 Cc li r trong cng trnh ngm phi c bin bo, mi tn ch dn c th.
2.14.3.3 Nhng on ng hm khng s dng na hoc tm thi khng s dng, phi c ro
kn, t bin bo hoc n . Cc h rnh su trn mt bng c ngi qua li, phi c y hoc
ro chn cn thn.
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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.14.3.4 Khi qua li cc ng hm c vn chuyn bng ti trc, phi c s ng ca ngi vn
hnh. Ch c php i sau khi phng tin vn chuyn ra khi ng trc v ng ngng chn
u ti trc.
2.14.3.5 ng ln xung cng trnh ngm thng qua ging ng, ging nghing, u phi c ni quy
quy nh c th v bc thang c b tr tu theo dc ca hm.
- dc di 450 phi c tay vn chc chn;
- dc trn 450 phi dng thang lng, thang c lan can bo v hoc thang my;
- Ti ging ng, dc ca thang khng c qu 800 v c 8 m cao phi c sn ngh.
2.14.3.6 Khi i li trn thang, cc dng c lm vic nh ba, km ..., phi ng trong ti eo chc chn.
2.14.3.7 Trong ng hm c cc phng tin vn chuyn phi dnh ring ng cho ngi i li
rng:
- t nht 0,7 m (tnh t mp ngoi ca phng tin ti mp ngoi ca v chng) i vi cc ng hm
c vn chuyn bng xe gong;
- t nht 1,5 m i vi cc ng hm c vn chuyn bng t.
2.14.3.8 Khng c i qua gia hai xe ng gn nhau, tro qua on xe hoc ng trn tm png
ca xe gong.
2.14.3.9 Mi phng tin khng c vn chuyn trong cng trnh ngm khi cha c chiu sng y
theo quy nh.
2.14.3.10 Khng c ng thi vn chuyn ngi v cc vt liu khc trong cng mt thang my.
Khng c vn chuyn ngi bng xe skp hoc bng thit b t khc.
2.14.3.11 Vn chuyn bng ng gong phi theo cc quy nh ti 2.4 v cc yu cu sau:
- dc ca ng gong khng qu 7 %;
- Tc ca xe gong y tay khng qu 4,0 km/h;
- Tc ca gong ko bng cp khng qu 3,6 km/h;
- Khi y xe gong phi c n chiu sng mi ngi c th trng thy;
- Khng c ng pha trc hm hoc ko gong.
2.14.3.12 S dng ti ko phi t trn khung v lin kt chc chn. Phi c tn hiu lin lc bo hiu
khi ti hot ng. Khng c qua li lm vic dc hai bn ng dy cp ti khi ti ang hot ng.
2.14.3.13 Khng c tho mc cp khi on xe cha dng hn. Khng c th u vo gia hai
toa xe tho, ni hai toa xe.

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2.14.3.14 Vn chuyn trong cng trnh ngm bng t, ngoi vic tun th cc quy nh ti 2.4 cn
phi tun th cc quy nh sau:
- Tc xe khng c vt qu 5 km/h;
- Mi ngi khng c trn thng xe, bn ngoi ca bin xe;
- Phanh, ci, n chiu sng, n bo... ca xe phi v hot ng tt;
- Khng c xe ngh trong ng hm;
- Khng c dng xe chy xng trong cng trnh ngm.
2.14.4 S dng thit b in v chiu sng
2.14.4.1 Lp t v s dng cc thit b in trong cng trnh ngm, ngoi vic thc hin cc quy nh
trong phn ny cn phi thc hin cc quy nh ti 2.3 v cc quy nh hin hnh v an ton ni t v
ni khng cc thit b in.
2.14.4.2 Cc thit b in phi c r-le t ng ngt khi c s c. Phi kim tra nh k tnh trng cch
in ca cc b phn d b r in, s hot ng ca r-le r.
2.14.4.3 Phi c s mng in, trong ghi r mng in lc, in chiu sng, cc v tr ni t v
cng sut ca thit b in, thit b phn phi, bo hiu v in thoi. Khi c s thay i, phi ghi r s
thay i vo s .
2.14.4.4 Cc cng trnh ngm c nguy him v hi kh, bi, n phi s dng thit b in an ton
phng n ph hp.
2.14.4.5 Cng tc, cu dao in phi ni thun tin, an ton khi s dng. Phi c bng ch dn r
rng cho tng thit b.
2.14.4.6 n pha dng trong cng trnh ngm phi lp bng knh m.
2.14.4.7 Cc li i li, cu thang ln xung phi thng xuyn c chiu sng.
2.14.4.8 Cc trm in trong cng trnh ngm, phi c cc phng tin phng chy cha chy
thch hp.
2.14.4.9 Dy dn in trong cng trnh ngm:
- Phi dng cp c v bc cao su cch in, ngoi c v kim loi bo v nu l dy c nh;
- Nu l dy di ng phi dng cp mm c v bc cao su cch in;
- Cc dy cp in phi treo cao trnh va chm gy hng cp.
2.14.4.10 in chiu sng trong cng trnh ngm ch c dng ng dy c in th khng qu
127 V. Nu dng cc n hunh quang c nh cho php dng ng dy c in th khng qu 220
V.
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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.14.4.11 Mch in iu khin dng cho cc my c nh v di ng, cho php dng in p khng
qu 36 V nu dng dy in c v bc cch in v 12 V nu dng dy trn. Trong cng trnh ngm
khng c kh m-tan hay khng c nguy him bi n, cho php dng in p 24 V trn dy trn.
2.14.4.12 Khng c dng bin p iu khin h trong cc cng trnh ngm.
2.14.5 Thng gi
2.14.5.1 Cc cng trnh ngm phi m bo thng gi bng cc thit b thng gi thch hp. Cc
ng l c o su qu 10 m, phi c thng gi cng bc.
2.14.5.2 Vic thng gi trong cng trnh ngm phi lun m bo:
- T l xy trong khng kh khng di 20 % th tch;
- T l cc loi kh c hi khc di gii hn cho php;
- Lng khng kh cn cho s h hp ca mt ngi khng di 4 m3/min;
- Nhit ti a khng qu 30 0C.
2.14.5.3 Ngun in cp cho qut gi chnh, phi c cp t hai ngun c lp (mt ngun hot
ng, mt ngun d phng).
2.14.5.4 Qut thng gi chnh:
- Phi c b phn o chiu gi trong vng 10 min khi c s c v m bo 60 % lng gi so vi
lng gi tiu chun khi hot ng bnh thng;
- Phi c ng c d phng, nu c kh m-tan th phi c qut d phng.
2.14.5.5 Nu c kh nng xut hin kh c, kh m-tan, ngi lao ng phi c trang b y cc
phng tin, dng c phng h theo ng ch quy nh v cc thit b o kim tra khc.
2.14.5.6 Khi ang lm vic thy xut hin nhiu kh c hi hoc h thng thng gi b hng phi
ngng ngay cng vic, mi ngi phi rt ra ni an ton. Ch khi x l xong, m bo an ton mi
c tip tc cng vic.
2.14.5.7 Khoan phi tin hnh khoan t hoc p dng cc bin php chng bi khc.
2.14.5.8 Hn trong cng trnh ngm, phi tnh ton thng gi c th m bo nng hi c di
mc cho php.
2.14.5.9 Li vo cng trnh ngm phi thng xuyn dn sch ph liu v vt liu tha cng nh cc
kt cu chng , gin gio, thit b cha dng n.
2.14.5.10 H thng thot nc trong cng trnh ngm, phi thng xuyn m bo thot nc tt.

2.15 Cng tc sn xut va v b tng

2.15.1 Yu cu chung
2.15.1.1 Khi lm vic trong kho cha vt liu d sinh bi (xi mng, vi, thch cao...) v nhng v tr
t my p, my nghin, my sng cc nguyn liu v bn thnh phm phi m bo cc yu cu v
thng gi v chng bi.
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QCVN 18:2014/BXD
2.15.1.2 B phn vt ti phi c che chn bng li thp. Khi vn chuyn vt liu dng bi phi c np
y kn.
2.15.2 H vi, ti vi
2.15.2.1 Khi ti vi khng c vi cc ngp qu 1/3 chiu cao h hoc thng ti. Xung quanh h
ti vi phi lm hng ro bo v m bo an ton; phi c bin bo; ni c ngi i li ban m phi
c n bo hiu. Hng ro phi cch ming h 50 cm, cao t nht 80 cm v c hai thanh ngang c kh
nng ngn gi ngi khi ri ng. Cc ro phi c chn su v chc chn.
2.15.2.2 Khng c lm h vi gn ng c nhiu ngi hoc xe c qua li.
2.15.2.3 Khi ly vi t h ln phi dng cc dng c chuyn dng. Khng c ly vi ln trc tip
bng tay; khng c li xung h vi.
2.15.3 Trn va v b tng
2.15.3.1 Khi thng trn ang vn hnh hoc sa cha phi h ben xung v tr an ton.
2.15.3.2 Khng c dng xng hoc cc dng c cm tay khc ly va v b tng ra khi thng
trn ang vn hnh.
2.15.3.3 Khi dng cht ph gia cho vo hn hp va phi c bin php phng nga bng chn
thng v phi tun th cc quy nh (hoc hng dn) ca nh sn xut.
2.15.4 Vn chuyn va v b tng
2.15.4.1 Khi vn chuyn va v b tng bng cc loi xe y tay, my trc, my nng phi theo ng
cc quy nh ti 2.4 v 2.6.
2.15.4.2 Cu cng tc t vn chuyn b tng h mng phi c tm chn u. Tc ca
t chy trn cu nh hn hoc bng 3 km/h. Hai bn cu cng tc phi c li i rng t nht bng 1,2 m
v pha ngoi phi c lan can cao 1 m.
2.15.4.3 Ch c tho va b tng mt cch t t khi gu ben dng hn. Khong cch t y gu
ben n b mt kt cu ni cn hoc sn cng tc khng ln hn 1 m. Nu ln hn 1 m th phi s
dng mng hoc ng b tng.
2.15.4.4 Khi s dng my bm va phi tun theo quy nh ti 2.6.
2.15.4.5 Khng c s dng gu, ben chuyn va b tng khi np ca chng khng y kht
hoc cc b phn treo mc khng m bo.
2.15.4.6 Khi s dng cn cu chuyn gu, ben cha va b tng phi tun theo quy nh ti 2.6 v
ngi lao ng phi ng ra xa vng nguy him ca ti trng.

2.16 Cng tc xy
2.16.1 Xy mng
2.16.1.1 Phi thng xuyn gim st v kim tra tnh trng ca thnh h mng. Trong ma ma, phi
ch n hin tng st l ca mi dc hoc s h hng ca vch chng.
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2.16.1.2 Ngi lao ng ln xung h mng, phi dng thang ta hoc bc ln xung. Khi tri ma
phi c bin php phng trt ng.
2.16.1.3 Phi chuyn vt liu xung h mng bng phng php c gii hoc bng cc dng c ci
tin nh mng, rnh c mt phng nghing hoc thng. Vt liu ng trong thng phi thp hn thnh
thng t nht l 0,1 m. Khng c ng st ming h mng vt liu xung h.
2.16.1.4 Khng c ngi lm vic hoc vn chuyn vt liu trn ming h mng khi c ngi
ang lm vic di h, nu khng c bin php m bo an ton.
2.16.1.5 Trong qu trnh xy dng, nu h mng b ngp nc, phi bm ht nc trc khi tip tc
lm vic. Ngi khng c di h mng trong thi gian ngh gii lao.
2.16.1.6 Khi xy dng h mng su trn 2 m hoc xy mng di chn i, ni lc ma to phi
dng ngay cng vic.
2.16.2 Xy tng
2.16.2.1 Phi xem xt tnh trng ca mng hoc ca phn tng xy trc cng nh tnh trng ca
gin gio v gi trc khi thi cng.
2.16.2.2 Khi xy ti cao cch nn nh hoc mt sn tng 1,5 m phi bc gin gio hoc gi theo
quy nh ti 2.8.
2.16.2.3 Chuyn vt liu ln sn cng tc cao trn 2 m phi dng cc thit b cu chuyn. Bn
nng gch phi c thnh chn m bo khng ri, khi nng.
2.16.2.4 Khi lm sn cng tc trong nh xy th bn ngoi nh, phi t ro ngn hoc bin bo
cm cch chn tng 1,5 m nu xy cao khng ln hn 7 m hoc cch chn tng 2 m nu xy
cao ln hn 7 m.
2.16.2.5 Khng c php: ng trn b tng xy; i li trn b tng; ng trn mi ht
xy; Ta thang vo tng mi xy ln xung; dng c hoc vt liu xy dng trn b tng
ang xy.
2.16.2.6 Khng c xy tng qu hai tng khi tng di cha c dm sn hoc sn tm.
2.16.2.7 Khi xy, nu c ma to, ging hoc gi cp 6 tr ln, phi che y, chng khi xy khi
b xi l hoc sp .
2.16.2.8 Khi xy xong tr c lp hoc tng u hi, v ma ma bo phi lm mi che ngay.
2.16.2.9 Khi va xy va c nh cc tm p, ch c ngng xy khi xy qu cao mp trn ca
cc tm p .
2.16.2.10 Xy cc mi ht nh ra khi tng qu 20 cm phi c gi con-xon. Chiu rng ca cc
gi con-xon phi ln hn chiu rng ca mi ht 30 cm. Ch c tho d gi con-xon khi kt
cu mi ht t cng thit k.
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2.16.2.11 Xy vm ca hoc v mng phi c thit k k thut thi cng ring. Tho vn khun vm
phi tun theo quy nh ti 2.19.
2.16.2.12 Phi tin hnh gia cng xy trong khu vc dnh ring, c ro chn. Nhng ngi
khng c nhim v khng c php vo trong khu vc ny. Nu khong cch gia cc v tr lm vic
ca th gia cng nh hn 3 m th phi lm cc vch che bo v gia cc v tr .
2.16.3 Xy ng khi
2.16.3.1 Ti khu vc ang thi cng ng khi, trong phm vi bn knh 10 m tnh t chn ng khi v cc
hng, phi lm ro ngn v t bin bo. Li ra vo khu vc ny phi lm mi che v t bin bo.
2.16.3.2 Khi ni di thm cc trc ca my nng ti, phi cn c vo mc xy thn ng khi. S
dng my nng ti trong thi cng ng khi, phi tun th cc quy nh 2.6.
2.16.3.3 Khi ngi lao ng ln xung, phi dng gin gio, thang ca thit b thi cng hoc thang st
chn su vo thn ng khi t nht mt on l 25 cm, hoc dng thit b chuyn dng khc. Khng
c dng bn nng a ngi lao ng ln xung.
2.16.3.4 Xung quanh thn ng khi t cao 3 m, phi lm sn hoc li che chn bo v rng t 2
n 3 m. Nu lm sn bo v bng vn g, g phi dy t nht l 4 cm. Nu lm li bo v, phi an
bng dy thp ng knh 3 mm c kch thc mt li 20 x 20 mm. Sn (hoc li) phi c t
dc v thn ng khi mt gc ti thiu bng 150.
2.16.3.5 Khi s dng in chiu sng bn trong thn ng khi, phi tun th quy nh an ton v s
dng in.
2.16.3.6 Ti v tr lm vic, trn sn cng tc cng nh trn cc tm chn bo v, phi thng xuyn
thu dn cc vt liu tha v rc.
2.16.4 Xy l
2.16.4.1 Khi xy l phi dng gin gio treo hoc gin gio khung treo quy nh ti 2.8. Gin gio phi
dng lp cch khi xy mt khong ti thiu l 5 cm.
2.16.4.2 Khi a vt liu ln sn cng tc cao ln hn 2 m, phi dng my nng ti t bn ngoi
khi xy. Cng nhn trn sn cng tc lm nhim v bc, xp bn nng v cng nhn iu khin
my nng bn di, phi lin lc vi nhau bng tn hiu m thanh hoc tn hiu nh sng.
2.16.4.3 Khi thi cng nhng v tr c th pht sinh hi kh c hi (gn cc l cao, thp ra...) phi c
ngi thng trc cp cu khi xy ra ti nn bt ng. Khng c t ng m cc ca van, kho v
ca iu tit cc ng ng dn kh. Ti cc b phn ni trn phi treo bin cm.
2.16.4.4 Dng my mi gch phi theo cc quy nh ti 2.6.
2.16.4.5 n chiu sng ti nhng v tr xy dng cht hp v ti phi theo quy nh ti 2.15.2.2.

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2.16.4.6 Khi lm vic cc ng ng dn kh l, b phn lc kh phi c bin php kp thi khi xy ra
tai nn bt ng. Khi lm gn cc ng ng dn kh l, phi ng tt c cc ca mt pha trnh
gi la.

2.17 Cng tc cp pha, ct thp v b tng

2.17.1 Gia cng v lp dng cp pha
2.17.1.1 Cp pha dng cc kt cu b tng phi c ch to v lp dng theo ng cc yu
cu trong thit k bin php thi cng c ph duyt .
2.17.1.2 Ch c t cp pha ca tng trn, sau khi c nh cp pha ca tng di.
2.17.1.3 Dng lp cp pha cao khng ln hn 6 m c dng gi ng thao tc; cao
trn 6 m phi dng sn thao tc. Dng lp cp pha treo hoc cp pha t mang cao hn 8 m th
phi giao cho ngi lao ng c kinh nghim thc hin.
2.17.1.4 Dng lp cp pha cho cc kt cu vm v v mng phi c sn cng tc v lan can bo v.
Khong cch t cp pha n sn cng tc khng ln hn 1,5 m. v tr cp pha nghing phi lm sn
cng tc thnh tng bc c chiu rng t nht l 40 cm.
2.17.1.5 Khun treo phi lin kt chc chn. Ch c t khun treo vo khung sau khi cc b phn
ca khung lin kt chc.
2.17.1.6 Khng c thit b, vt liu (khng c trong thit k) v nhng ngi khng trc tip
tham gia vo vic b tng ng ln trn cp pha.
2.17.1.7 Khng c t v cht xp cc tm cp pha, cc b phn ca cp pha ln chiu ngh ca
cu thang, ban cng, cc mt dc, cc li i cnh l hng hoc cc mp ngoi ca cng trnh, cc v
tr thng ng hoc nghing khi cha ging no chng.
2.17.1.8 Trc khi b tng, phi kim tra cp pha, nu c h hng phi sa cha ngay. Khu vc
sa cha phi c ro ngn v bin bo.
2.17.2 Cp pha tm ln
2.17.2.1 Ln xung cc ng xp cp pha c chiu cao ln hn 1,5 m phi dng thang chuyn dng.
2.17.2.2 Khi s dng cp pha tm ln cng vi cc thit b nng th cc thit b nng phi c b phn
tn hiu bng m thanh.
2.17.2.3 Ch c s dng cc b phn cp pha tm ln, cc con-xon chuyn dng, gin gio sn
cng tc ... khi c cn b k thut thi cng kim tra.
2.17.2.4 Khng c ng thi nhc v dch chuyn bng cn cu t 2 b phn ca cp pha tm ln
tr ln, tr trng hp lp rp mt vi b phn lin kt t trc c cho php trong thit k.

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2.17.2.5 Khong trng dnh lp ghp cc bn cu thang v chiu ngh phi c ro ngn bng
lan can.
2.17.2.6 Khng c nhc v dch chuyn cc tm khun tng ca cp pha tm ln c din tch b
mt nh hn hoc bng 12 m2 khi tc gi bng 10 m/s v nhng tm c din tch ln hn 12 m2 khi
tc gi bng 7,5 m/s.
2.17.2.7 Trong khi lp rp cc b phn ca cp pha tm ln, nhng ngi khng c nhim v khng
c vo vng nguy him ca ti trng trong thi gian nng, di chuyn v h cp pha.
2.17.2.8 Khng c i li v lm vic trn cc tm khun tng lp rp xong ca cp pha tm ln
khi chng khng c sn thao tc v lan can bo v.
2.17.3 Cp pha trt, cp pha leo
2.17.3.1 Khu vc thi cng dng cp pha trt, cp pha leo phi c ro ngn v bin bo.
2.17.3.2 Lp rp cc b phn cp pha trt, cp pha leo v gin gio treo phi theo ng thit k v
quy nh ti 2.8.
2.17.3.3 Khi di chuyn cp pha trt, cp pha leo phi kim tra cc thit b mc buc (trt hon v) v
thit b nng (trt lin tc).
2.17.3.4 Ngi lao ng lm vic trn cao v ngi lao ng lm vic di phi lin lc vi nhau
bng tn hiu m thanh hoc tn hiu nh sng.
2.17.3.5 Trn sn thao tc phi ghi ti trng ln nht cho php v ch c xp vt liu ln sn cng
tc nhng v tr c quy nh trc trong thit k.
2.17.3.6 Cc b phn ca cp pha trt phi c bo qun ti cc bi cha kh ro, bng phng v
c mi che.
2.17.3.7 Cc thit b nng, thit b dng thi cng cp pha trt phi c h thng tn hiu bng m
thanh v ch c trt sau khi c nghim thu v cn b k thut thi cng ph trch ra lnh.
2.17.3.8 Trong thi gian trt, ngi khng c nhim v khng c tro ln sn thao tc. Ngi lao
ng khng c ng tp trung trn cc sn thao tc ca cp pha trt. Vic qua li ch c thc
hin i vi tng ngi mt. i li gia sn thao tc ca cp pha vnh ngoi v sn thao tc trn
cp pha trt, phi s dng cu vt c chiu rng khng nh hn 0,8 m. Vic ln xung gia hai sn,
phi qua mt l hng dnh ring bng mt thang c bit. Sau khi ln xung phi y l ln xung.
2.17.3.9 Khi thi cng tr rng ca cu bng cp pha trt, th cc l hng trn cc sn gia c ngang
ngi lao ng ln xung phi b tr dch dc, nu b tr trn cng mt trc thng ng th phi c
np y.
2.17.4 Gia cng v lp dng ct thp
2.17.4.1 Chun b phi v gia cng ct thp phi c tin hnh khu vc ring, xung quanh c ro
chn v bin bo.
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2.17.4.2 Ct, un, ko ct thp phi dng my hoc cc thit b chuyn dng. S dng cc loi my
gia cng ct thp phi tun th quy nh ti 2.10. Phi c bin php ngn nga thp vng khi ct ct
thp.
2.17.4.3 Bn gia cng ct thp phi c c nh chc chn, nht l gia cng cc loi thp c ng
knh ln hn 20 mm. Nu bn gia cng ct thp c ngi lao ng lm vic hai pha, th gia phi
c li thp bo v cao t nht l 1 m.
2.17.4.4 Khi nn thng ct thp trn cun bng my phi: Che chn bo him trc cun trc khi
m my; Hm ng c khi a u ct thp vo trc cun; Ro ngn hai bn si thp chy t trc
cun n tang ca my.
2.17.4.5 Trc cun cc cun thp phi t cch tang ca my t 1,5 m n 2 m v t cch mt nn
khng ln hn 0,5 m, xung quanh phi c ro chn. Gia trc cun v tang ca my phi c b phn
hn ch s chuyn dch ca dy thp ang tho. Ch c mc u si thp vo my khi my
ngng hot ng.
2.17.4.6 Nn thng ct thp bng ti in hoc ti quay tay phi c bin php phng si thp tut
v vng vo ngi. u cp ca ti ko ni vi ni thp cn nn thng bng thit b chuyn dng.
Khng ni bng phng php buc. Dy cp v si thp khi ko phi nm trong rnh che chn. Ch
c tho hoc lp u ct thp vo dy cp ca ti ko khi ti ko ngng hot ng.
2.17.4.7 Khng c dng my truyn ng ct cc on thp ngn hn 80 cm nu khng c cc
thit b m bo an ton.
2.17.4.8 Ch c dch chuyn v tr ct thp un trn bn my khi a quay ngng hot ng.
2.17.4.9 Khng un thng cc on thp bng cch ko cng chng ti cc v tr khng c ro chn
v khng an ton trn cng trng.
2.17.4.10 Khng dng ko tay khi ct cc thanh thp c chiu di nh hn 30 cm.
2.17.4.11 Dn ct thp phi c t cn thn, khng lt, khng ri trc khi lp dng cp pha cho
chng.
2.17.4.12 Lp dng ct thp cho cc khung c lp, dm, x, ct, tng v cc kt cu tng t khc
phi s dng sn thao tc rng hn hoc bng 1 m.
2.17.4.13 Trc khi chuyn nhng tm li khung ct thp n v tr lp t phi kim tra cc mi hn,
mi buc. Khi ct b cc phn thp tha trn cao, ngi lao ng phi eo dy an ton v bn di
phi c bin cnh bo.
2.17.4.14 Li qua li trn cc khung ct thp phi lt vn c chiu rng khng nh hn 40 cm.
2.17.4.15 Hn ct thp vo khung v li; hn thp ch... phi tun theo quy nh ti 2.9.

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2.17.4.16 Khng c cht ct thp ln sn cng tc hoc trn cc vn khun vt qu ti trng cho
php trong thit k.
2.17.4.17 Khi t ct thp gn ng dy dn in phi ct in. Trng hp khng ct c in
phi c bin php ngn nga ct thp chm vo dy in.
2.17.5 Ct thp ng lc trc
2.17.5.1 Trc khi bt u ko cc thanh hoc b ct thp ca cc kt cu b tng ct thp ng lc
trc, phi kim tra li tnh trng bm kch v cc thit b khc c lin quan. Cc thanh ct thp ko
khng c c khuyt tt nh vt ct, gp khc, xon, gy.
2.17.5.2 Khi ko ct thp phi c ro ngn cao t nht 1,5 m hai u b ko v gia cc thit b
ko, tr trng hp ct thp c t trong ng thp. Khi ko ct thp phi c tn hiu m thanh hoc
n bo hiu.
2.17.6 v m b tng
2.17.6.1 Trc khi b tng, phi kim tra vic lp t cp pha, ct thp, gin gio, sn thao tc,
ng vn chuyn.
2.17.6.2 Thi cng b tng nhng b phn kt cu c nghing t 300 tr ln, phi c dy neo buc
chc chn cc thit b. Ngi lao ng phi eo dy an ton.
2.17.6.3 Thi cng b tng h su, ng hm, ngi lao ng phi ng trn sn thao tc.
2.17.6.4 Dng m rung m va b tng cn: Ni t v m rung; Dng dy bc cch in ni t
bng phn phi n ng c in ca m. Ngng m rung t 5 n 7 min, sau mi ln lm vic lin
tc t 30 n 35 min. Cng nhn vn hnh my phi c trang b ng cao su cch in v cc
phng tin bo v c nhn khc.
2.17.6.5 Thi cng b tng su ln hn 1,5 m, phi dng mng dn hoc vi voi c nh chc chn
vo cc b phn cp pha hoc sn thao tc.
2.17.6.6 Dng vi rung va b tng phi: C nh chc chn my chn ng vi vi; Khng
c ng di vi voi khi ang b tng.
2.17.6.7 Li qua li pha di khu vc ang b tng phi c ro chn v bin cm. Trng hp bt
buc phi c ngi qua li, th phi lm cc tm che pha trn li qua li .
2.17.6.8 Ngi khng c nhim v, khng c ng sn rt va b tng. Ngi lao ng lm
nhim v nh hng, iu chnh v tho mc gu ben phi c gng tay, ng.
2.17.7 Bo dng b tng
2.17.7.1 Khi bo dng b tng phi dng gin gio hoc gi . Khng c ng ln cc ct chng
hoc cnh cp pha. Khng c dng thang ta vo cc b phn kt cu b tng ang bo dng.
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2.17.7.2 Bo dng b tng v ban m hoc nhng b phn kt cu b che khut phi c n chiu
sng.
2.17.8 Tho d cp pha
2.17.8.1 Ch c tho cp pha khi b tng t n cng quy nh.
2.17.8.2 Khi tho cp pha phi theo trnh t hp l, phi c cc bin php phng cp pha hoc kt
cu cng trnh b sp bt ng. Ni tho cp pha phi c ro ngn v bin bo.
2.17.8.3 Trc khi tho cp pha phi thu gn ht vt liu tha v cc thit b t trn cc b phn
cng trnh sp tho cp pha.
2.17.8.4 Khi tho cp pha, phi thng xuyn quan st tnh trng cc b phn kt cu, nu thy c
hin tng bin dng phi ngng tho v bo ngay cho cn b k thut thi cng bit.
2.17.8.5 Sau khi tho cp pha phi che chn cc l hng ca cng trnh. Khng c cp pha
tho ln sn cng tc hoc nm cp pha t trn cao xung. Cp pha sau khi tho phi c nh inh,
bo dng hoc sa cha gia cng v xp vo ni quy nh.
2.17.8.6 Tho d cp pha i vi nhng khoang b tng ct thp c khu ln th phi thc hin
y cc yu cu nu trong thit k v chng tm thi.

2.18 Cng tc lp ghp

2.18.1 Yu cu chung
2.18.1.1 S dng cc loi my trc v cc loi thit b khc trong cng tc lp ghp cc kt cu cng
trnh, phi theo quy nh ti 2.6 v cc quy nh hin hnh v k thut an ton thit b nng.
2.18.1.2 S dng cc dng c in, hi nn hoc kh ct, c l, hn, ... trong qu trnh lp trn cao
phi c gin gio theo quy nh ti 2.8.
2.18.1.3 Khng c dng thang ta vo cc b phn ang lp lm bt c vic g.
2.18.1.4 Khi lp phi dng cc loi gin gio hoc gi theo quy nh ca thit k thi cng. Trng
hp lm khc vi thit k quy nh phi c cn b k thut thi cng ph trch cho php.
2.18.1.5 Cc kt cu, cu kin phi sp xp hp l, m bo d dng khi buc mc v khng b sp ,
xoay trt khi xp d.
2.18.1.6 Cc khuyn ti chuyn dng treo mc cc kt cu, cu kin, phi m bo chc chn,
khng b gy, bin dng khi nng.
2.18.1.7 Cc kt cu, cu kin khng c b phn buc mc chuyn dng phi c tnh ton xc nh
v tr v cch treo buc m bo trong sut qu trnh nng chuyn khng b trt ri.
2.18.1.8 Nhng kt cu, cu kin c kh nng xoay lt khi nng chuyn phi c chng buc chc
chn v dng dy mm no hm.
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2.18.1.9 i vi nhng kt cu, cu kin trong qu trnh cu lp d b bin dng sinh ra ng sut ph
phi c gia cng chc chn trc khi cu ln.
2.18.1.10 Phi ngng cu lp khi c gi t cp 5 tr ln hoc khi tri ti.
2.18.1.11 Trong qu trnh cu lp, khng c ngi ng, bm trn kt cu, cu kin. ng thi
khng cho cc kt cu, cu kin i qua pha trn u ngi.
2.18.1.12 Sau khi buc mc, phi nng ti ln n cao 20 cm ri dng li kim tra mc cn
bng v n nh ca ti. Nu ti treo cha cn phi cho h xung mt bng hiu chnh li. Khng
c hiu chnh ti khi ti ang trng thi treo l lng.
2.18.1.13 Ngi tip nhn vt cu trn cao phi ng trn sn thao tc ca gin gio hoc gi
v phi eo dy an ton. Dy an ton phi mc vo cc b phn kt cu n nh ca cng trnh hoc
mc vo dy trc c cng c nh chc vo kt cu n nh ca cng trnh.
2.18.1.14 Khng c ng trn cc kt cu, cu kin lp rp cha c n nh chc chn. Khng
c vi tay n, ko hoc xoay vt cu khi cn treo l lng.
2.18.1.15 Ch c tho mc cu ra khi kt cu, cu kin sau khi neo chng chng ng theo quy
nh ca thit k (c nh vnh vin hoc tm thi). Khng cho x dch kt cu, cu kin c lp
t sau khi tho mc cu, tr trng hp thit k thi cng quy nh.
2.18.1.16 Khng c ngng cng vic khi cha lp t kt cu, cu kin vo v tr n nh.
2.18.1.17 Khng c xp, hoc t tm cc vt cu ln sn tng, sn thao tc hoc b phn kt cu
khc vt qu kh nng chu ti theo thit k ca cc kt cu .
2.18.1.18 Ch c lp cc phn trn sau khi c nh xong cc b phn ca phn di theo thit
k quy nh.
2.18.1.19 Khi cn thit phi c ngi lm vic pha di thit b, kt cu ang lp rp (k c pha
trn chng), phi thc hin cc bin php c bit m bo an ton cho nhng ngi lm vic.
2.18.1.20 Khi cu lp gn ng dy in ang vn hnh, phi bo m khong cch an ton theo
quy nh ti 2.6.
2.18.2 Lp ghp cc cu kin b tng c sn
2.18.2.1 Lp ct phi dng khung dn, trng hp khng c phi c nh ct bng cc dy chng v
chn. Cc cng vic hn v b tng lin kt cc kt cu b tng ct thp nh v xong, phi
c tin hnh t sn thao tc hoc gin gio di ng chuyn dng, c thnh chn hoc t sn treo.
2.18.2.2 Ch c lp cc tm sn tng hoc tm mi, sau khi c nh chc chn cc dm hoc
gin v lm sn thao tc bo m an ton.

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2.18.2.3 Ch c lp cc tng v cc tng sn pha trn, sau khi lp xong hon ton cc tng
sn pha di. Cc l hng trn tng sn phi c che y kn hoc ro chn bo m an ton; phi
c c cc ch dn cnh bo ph hp.
2.18.2.4 Cc tm cu thang, chiu ngh phi c lp ghp ng thi vi vic lp ghp kt cu nh
hoc cng trnh.
2.18.2.5 Sau khi lp tm cu thang, nu cha kp lp lan can c nh, phi lm lan can tm ngi
lao ng ln xung c an ton. Phi lp ng b tng tm chiu ngh cng vi cc tm cu thang
trc khi lp tip tng trn.
2.18.2.6 Khi lp cc tm tng phi neo cc dy neo hoc thanh chng theo thit k quy nh.
2.18.2.7 Lp cc tm ban cng hoc vng phi c thanh chng trc khi c nh vnh vin. Khi c
nh cc tm ban cng hoc vng v lp lan can cho ban cng, ngi lao ng phi eo dy an ton.
2.18.3 Lp rp cc cng trnh bng thp
2.18.3.1 Cc kt cu thp c kch thc ln, phi c gia cng bng cc thit b ging chng tm,
bo m n nh khi cu lp.
2.18.3.2 Li i li t gin v ko ny sang gin v ko khc, phi lt vn v lm lan can bo v. Khng
c i li trn cc ging chng gi, thanh cho hoc x g v trn cc thanh cnh thng ca gin v
ko. Ch c i li trn thanh cnh h ca gin, khi c dy cp cng dc theo gin mc dy an
ton. Li i li trn mi hoc cnh trn ca gin thp, phi lm rng t nht l 0,5 m v c lan can bo
v cao 1,0 m.
2.18.3.3 Trc khi cu chuyn kt cu thp, phi kim tra k cc v tr buc mc v bo m cc dy
cp cng u. Khng c buc mc vo cc thanh ging, bn ni lin kt.
2.18.3.4 Khng c lp khung ca tri chung vi gin. Khi lp khung ca tri, ngi lao ng phi
ng trn sn thao tc v eo dy an ton. Cng vic lp rp phi theo ng trnh t thit k quy
nh.
2.18.3.5 Ch c tho mc cu ra khi kt cu lp vo v tr, sau khi m bo cc lin kt theo
cc yu cu sau:
- i vi ct, phi c t nht 4 bulng neo gi cc pha hoc gi bng khung dn v dy chng;
- i vi gin v ko, sau khi lp xong cc x g, cc thanh ging vi cc gin c lp t v
c nh trc;
- i vi dm cu trc, sau khi bt cht t nht l 50 % s bulng hoc inh tn theo quy nh ca
thit k;
- i vi cc kt cu hn, dng bulng tm thi bt vo tt c cc l bulng. Nu khng c l bt
bulng, phi dng g chuyn dng xit cht;
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- i vi kt cu tm mng tn inh, sau khi bt bulng vi s lng t nht bng 20 % s l theo
chu vi;
- i vi ng dn, sau khi lp ton b bulng rp hoc hn c 20 % chiu di ng hn theo
quy nh ca thit k;
- i vi kt cu mi, phi c thc hin theo quy nh ti 2.8.
2.18.3.6 Lp rp cc cng trnh nh b cha, ng dn hi cao t 2 m tr ln phi c sn thao tc.
2.18.3.7 Vic lp dng kt cu thp ch c tin hnh khi cc mng, chn bng b tng c
cng cn thit chu ti trng ca kt cu thp.

2.19 Lm vic trn cao v mi

2.19.1 Yu cu chung
2.19.1.1 nhng v tr cao ca kt cu hoc mi c dc ln, cn phi thc hin cc bin php m
bo an ton cho ngi, dng c v vt liu theo cc quy nh hin hnh.
2.19.1.2 Khi lm vic ti nhng khu vc cao bao gm c mi nh c cao hn 2 m, cn phi c bin
php bo v xung quanh cc cnh m bng lan can theo quy nh. Ti nhng ni khng th s dng
lan can an ton, phi c cc bin php bo v an ton khc.
2.19.1.3 Khi lm vic trn cao, vic s dng cu thang, ng dc hoc thang ta phi tun theo cc
quy nh hin hnh.
2.19.1.4 Khi thi cng trn cao v mi, nu khng th s dng c gii php an ton bng lan can, th
ngi lao ng phi c bo v bng li an ton hoc dy an ton.
2.19.2 Lm mi
2.19.2.1 Phi kim tra k tnh trng cc kt cu chu lc ca mi v cc phng tin, bo m an ton
trc khi lm cc cng vic trn mi.
2.19.2.2 Khi lm vic trn mi c dc ln hn 250, ngi lao ng phi eo dy an ton v mc vo
v tr c nh.
2.19.2.3 Ngi lao ng lm vic trn mi c dc ln hn 250, phi c thang gp t qua b nc
i li an ton. Thang phi c c nh chc chn vo cng trnh, chiu rng ca thang khng c
nh hn 30 cm, cc thanh ngang t cch u nhau mt khong 40 cm.
2.19.2.4 Ch c php vt liu trn mi nhng v tr quy nh trong thit k k thut thi cng.
Nhng tm mi c kch thc ln, c chuyn ln mi tng tm mt v phi t ngay vo v tr v c
nh tm theo yu cu ca thit k. Trng hp cn chuyn nhiu tm ln mi cng mt lc, phi c
thit b chuyn dng v b tr v tr xp t trn mi bo m an ton.

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2.19.2.5 Khi cc vt liu, dng c trn mi phi c bin php chng ln, trt theo mi dc, k c
trng hp do tc ng ca gi.
2.19.2.6 Lp mi ua, lm mng nc, ng khi, tng chn mi, bu ca tri, b mi, ng thng hi,
ng thot nc ... phi c gin gio hoc gi theo quy nh ti 2.8.
2.19.2.7 Trong phm vi ang c ngi lm vic trn cao v trn mi, phi c ro ngn v bin cm
bn di trnh vt liu, dng c t trn ri vo ngi qua li. Hng ro ngn phi t rng ra ngoi
mp mi theo hnh chiu bng mt khong cch 2 m khi mi c cao khng qu 7 m v cch 3 m khi
mi c cao ln hn 7 m. Trng hp c bit, theo quy nh ca thit k thi cng.
2.19.2.8 Lm mi c s dng bi tum phi theo quy nh ti 2.11.
2.19.2.9 Ch c ngng lm vic trn cao v trn mi, sau khi c nh cc tm lp v thu dn ht
cc vt liu dng c.
2.19.2.10 Cng tc lm mi v trn cao, khng c php thc hin khi tri m t hoc ma.
2.19.2.11 Cc l m trn mi phi c y kn v c nh chc chn.
2.19.3 Lm vic trn ng khi
2.19.3.1 Khi lp dng v sa cha ng khi trn cao, cn phi s dng gin gio ph hp. Li an
ton phi c t di gin gio khong cch ph hp.
2.19.3.2 Sn gio phi t khong cch t nht 65 cm t nh ca ng khi.
2.19.3.3 Phi li sn gio ngay di sn cng tc m bo an ton cho thi cng.
2.19.3.4 Khong cch gia cnh trong ca gin gio v thnh ngoi ca ng khi, khng c ln
hn 20 cm mi im.
2.19.3.5 Sn bo v cn phi t trn: Li vo ng khi; ng i v ni lm vic ca ngi lao ng
chng cc vt ri.
2.19.3.6 Khi cng nhn s dng thang ngoi leo ln ng khi, cn s dng dy an ton theo quy
nh.
2.19.3.7 Trong khi lm vic trn nhng ng khi c lp, cn phi c ro bo v khong cch an
ton.
2.19.3.8 Nhng cng nhn xy dng, sa cha, bo tr ng khi khng c: Lm vic bn ngoi ng
khi m khng c dy an ton; t dng c gia qun o bo h v ngi hoc trong cc ti khng
chuyn dng; Ko theo vt liu v thit b nng bng tay; Neo rng rc hoc gin gio vo thang leo
m khng kim tra s n nh ca chng; Lm vic mt mnh; Leo ln ng khi m khng dng thang
hoc dy an ton.

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2.20 Cng tc hon thin
2.20.1 Yu cu chung
2.20.1.1 Cht, xp, bo qun, bc d v vn chuyn nguyn vt liu s dng cc xe my, sn cng
tc, gin gio, thang khi lm cng tc hon thin: trt, sn, mc, knh, lt ... phi theo ng cc quy
nh ti 2.4, 2.6 v 2.8.
2.20.1.2 Khng c php s dng thang lm cng tc hon thin trn cao, tr nhng cng vic
lm trong cc phng kn vi chiu cao khng qu 3,5 m.
2.20.1.3 Khng c lm cc cng vic hon thin ng thi hai hay nhiu tng trn mt phng
thng ng nu gia cc tng khng c sn che chn bo v.
2.20.1.4 Phi m bo ngt in hon ton trc khi trt, sn, dn giy hoc p cc tm ln trn b
mt ca h thng in. in chiu sng phc v cho cng tc hon thin k trn (nu c) phi s dng
in p khng ln qu 36 V.
2.20.2 Trt
2.20.2.1 Trt bn trong v bn ngoi nh cng nh cc b phn chi tit kt cu khc ca cng trnh
phi dng gin gio, gi theo quy nh ti 2.8.
2.20.2.2 Khi a va ln mt sn cng tc cao khng qu 5 m, phi dng cc thit b c gii nh hoc
cng c ci tin. i vi nhng sn cng tc cao trn 5 m, phi dng my nng hoc cc phng tin
cu chuyn khc. Khng vi tay a cc thng va ln mt sn cng tc cao qu 2 m.
2.20.2.3 Thng, x ng va cng nh cc dng c khc phi v tr chc chn trnh ri, trt,
.
2.20.2.4 Trt bng my phun va phi tun theo cc quy nh ti 2.6. Ngi lao ng iu khin my
phun va phi c ng, gng tay v knh bo h.
2.20.2.5 in dng cho cng tc trt trong b, hm kn phi c in p khng ln hn 36 V.
2.20.2.6 Khi trn va c pha cc ho phm cn tun th hng dn s dng ca nh sn xut. Ni
trn va c pha clo phi b tr ni thong gi v xa khu vc c ngi mt khong t nht l 0,5 km
(trng hp khng p ng c yu cu trn, phi c gii php m bo an ton c chp thun).
Khng c trt va c pha clo trong cc phng, hm, ho kn khi cha c thng gi tt. Ngi lm
cc cng vic c tip xc vi va pha clo phi c trang b y cc phng tin bo v c nhn
theo ng quy nh hin hnh.
2.20.3 Qut vi, sn
2.20.3.1 Qut vi, sn v trang tr bn ngoi nh phi lm gin gio theo quy nh ti 2.8.

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2.20.3.2 Sn khung ca tri phi c gin gio chuyn dng v ngi lao ng phi eo dy an ton.
Khng c i li trn khung ca tri.
2.20.3.3 Ch c dng thang ta qut vi, sn trn din tch nh cao cch nn nh hoc sn
khng qu 5 m. cao trn 5 m, nu dng thang ta phi c nh u thang vi cc b phn kt cu
n nh ca cng trnh. Khng c t thang vo khung ca s.
2.20.3.4 S dng cc my sn vi, sn du phi theo quy nh ti 2.6.
2.20.3.5 Sn bn trong nh hoc dng cc loi sn c cha cht c hi, phi trang b cho ngi lao
ng mt n phng c.
2.20.3.6 Khi sn bn trong nh bng cc loi sn c cha cht c hi, phi m tt c ca v thit b
thng gi trong phng trc khi bt u vo lm vic t nht 1 h.
2.20.3.7 Khng c ht thuc l v lm bt k mt cng vic c s dng la hoc pht sinh tia la
trong khu vc s dng sn nitr. Phi ngt in nu trong phng c ng dy dn in hoc cc thit
b in ang vn hnh.
2.20.3.8 Khng c cho ngi vo trong bung qut vi, sn c pha cc cht c hi cha kh
v cha c thng gi tt m khng c thit b bo v an ton.
2.20.3.9 Nh iu ch sn phi c thng gi tt. n chiu sng v cc thit b trong nh iu ch
sn, phi m bo an ton v chy n. Cc thng ng sn phi c nhn hiu ghi r tn vt liu, m
hiu, loi dung mi, s hiu sn phm, ngy sn xut v trng lng.
2.20.3.10 Khi dng du pha ch, phi c bin php phng du bn ra ngoi. Khng cha du
qu 1/4 dung tch thng nu. Ni un du phi b tr ring bit v phi theo ng cc quy nh v
phng chy v cha chy hin hnh.
2.20.3.11 Khi ty cc lp sn c bng ho cht, ngi lao ng phi eo gng tay cao su v dng
go c cn di mc. Dung dch thi ra sau khi ty phi c thu hi vo thng ring x l theo
quy nh hin hnh v bo v mi trng.
2.20.4 Dn p-li-iz-bu-ti-len v cc vt liu chng thm khc
2.20.4.1 Phng ra, tho d p-li-iz-bu-ti-len v gia cng h dn phi ngn cch vi cc phng
sn xut khc; phi c bin php thng gi, chiu sng v phng n.
2.20.4.2 Khng c dng xng -ti-len lm sch b mt. Trong xng khng c d tr xng ti-len vi s lng s dng qu mt ngy.
2.20.4.3 Cc thng cha xng v h dn phi kn v t trong cc thng bng thp hoc g c ai
chc chn, c kho v cnh thng phi bc cao su.
2.20.4.4 Khi chuyn h dn hoc xng phi dng bnh nhm, bnh cht do hoc bnh trng km c
np y kn. Khi mc h dn phi dng go nhm c quai.
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2.20.4.5 Khi dn p-li-iz-bu-ti-len vo cc thit b ngoi tri phi ni t bo v cc thit b ; phi
c h thng thng gi, phng n v dng n in cm tay c in p khng ln hn 12 V.
2.20.4.6 Khng c lm bt k cng vic g c th pht sinh tia la trong phm vi dn p-li-iz-bu-tilen vi bn knh 25 m.
2.20.4.7 Khi c ngi dn p-li-iz-bu-ti-len bn trong cc thit b, phi c ngi trc bn ngoi. Khu
vc ang dn p-li-iz-bu-ti-len phi c ro ngn v bin bo.
2.20.4.8 i vi cc vt liu chng thm khc, cn tun th hng dn s dng ca nh sn xut.
2.20.5 S dng xi mng lu hunh v sn ac--mt
2.20.5.1 Thng nu xi mng lu hunh phi b tr cch khu vc thi cng mt khong t nht l 25 m.
Nu t thng nu trong phng kn phi lm chp ht gi pha trn. Khi t thng nu ngoi tri phi
c mi che.
2.20.5.2 lm nng u cc cht cha trong thng nu v phng lu hunh b chy cc b, phi
c m ct ngn cch thnh tng lp.
2.20.5.3 Trc khi cho xi mng lu hunh vo thng nu phi sy kh thng. Khng cho php cha xi
mng lu hunh y qu 3/4 thng.
2.20.5.4 Khi xi mng lu hunh vo mch ca lp xy lt l, ngi lao ng phi s dng mt n
phng c.
2.20.5.5 Bt ac--mt phi cha trong thng c np y kn v trong phng ring.
2.20.5.6 Khi trn bt ac--mt, ngi lao ng phi s dng mt n phng c v gng tay cao su.
2.20.6 p b mt
2.20.6.1 Khu vc gia cng phi c ro chn v bin cm.
2.20.6.2 Ngi lao ng o phi ngi cch xa nhau t nht l 3 m; nu khng bo m khong
cch trn th phi c tm chn gia. Khng c b tr ngi lao ng ngi lm vic i din nhau.
Ngi lao ng p , o phi c knh phng h v khu trang.
2.20.6.3 Khi gia cng nhng tng c kch thc ln v nng phi k chn chc chn.
2.20.6.4 Ni ca phi lm sn g v c rnh thot nc tt. Phi lun lun dn sch s sn v c
bin php phng trn ng.
2.20.6.5 Phng gia cng c sinh bi phi c thng gi tt v ngi lao ng phi eo khu trang
phng h.
2.20.6.6 Khi dng cc dng c chy in cm tay gia cng phi tun th cc quy nh ti 2.5.
2.20.6.7 Khi sp xp vt liu gia cng kho bi phi tun th cc quy nh ti 2.2.

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2.20.6.8 Khi p cc vin vo b mt cc cng trnh phi m bo chc chn. Khi p cc vin c
kch thc ln phi c bin php chng . Phi p theo th t t di ln trn.
2.20.7 Knh
2.20.7.1 Khi nng h, chuyn dch v lp cc tm knh trn cao, phi lm sn che bo v cho nhng
v tr nm trc tip bn di hoc phi c ro ngn v bin cm ti khu vc .
2.20.7.2 Lp knh cho khung ca tri, ca s ng c nh trn cao phi s dng gin gio sn cng
tc.
2.20.7.3 Khng c ta thang vo mt knh hoc cc khung ca lp knh.
2.20.7.4 Khi di chuyn cc tm knh ln phi do t nht hai ngi lao ng tin hnh, phi s dng
gng tay vi bt, dy thng c m lt bng cao su hoc cc dng c chuyn dng khc. Khi di chuyn,
tm knh phi c t phng thng ng.
2.20.7.5 Khi trang tr mt knh bng my phun ct hoc bng a-xt, ngi lao ng phi c trang b
knh phng h, gng tay... theo ch hin hnh.
2.20.8 Mc
Lp rp ca s, ca ra ban cng phi c lm t pha bn trong ca phng.

2.21 Cng tc lp rp thit b cng ngh v ng ng dn

2.21.1 Yu cu chung
2.21.1.1 Tt c cc cng vic c s dng ti thit b chy bng in, cc thit b nng chuyn phi
thc hin theo ng cc quy nh ti 2.5 v 2.6 v cc quy nh hin hnh v k thut an ton s dng
thit b nng.
2.21.1.2 Cc rnh, h mng thit b, ch ngi lao ng qua li phi c che y kn; phi c cc
ch dn cnh bo ph hp.
2.21.1.3 Khi ty ra cc lp bo qun cc thit b cng ngh v cc ng ng dn, phi dng cc
dung dch kim khng c hi. Trc khi cu t thit b ln cao, phi c sch t ct v cc cht bn
khc bm dnh vo thit b.
2.21.1.4 Khi phi thi cng di cc thit b ang lp rp, hoc cc thit b ang cn k tm bng kch
hoc ang treo trn dy cp, phi bo him bng cch t di cc thit b cc gi c tnh
ton chu c ti trng ca thit b.
2.21.1.5 Vic cn bng tnh rto my nn tuabin, my bm,phi thc hin trn cc tr bt cht
trn cc gi chc chn. Sc nng ca gi v trc khng di 1,5 ln trng lng rto. Cc tr
ny phi cao bng nhau v c che chn phng rto ln, tri bt ng.

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2.21.1.6 Khi lp rp thit b hnh tr v cc thng cha ghp bng nhiu on phi c chn
phng thit b ln bt ng.
2.21.1.7 Khi lp rp cc thit b, cc ng ng dn bng phng php ni di ra hoc ni cao ln
phi c nh chng chc chn, khng c trng thi treo l lng.
2.21.1.8 Nhng thit b lp dng theo chiu ng, nu khung ca thit b khng n nh, cn
phi chng gi ng theo bin php thi cng v t nht phi c 3 dy chng. Ch c tho dy ra khi
thit b c c nh chc chn.
2.21.1.9 Khng c lp rp cc chi tit, cc khp ni ca cc thit b, cc ng ng dn vo nhng
thit b, ng ng tng t ang hot ng.
2.21.1.10 Phi thc hin cc bin php cn thit nhm bo v ngi lao ng khi tc ng ca dng
in khi lp rp cc thit b, cc ng ng gn cc ng dy ti in.
2.21.1.11 Khi tin hnh kim tra, lp rp, sa cha hoc tho d cc thit b, cc ng ng dn
trong mi trng c hi, kh c hoc thit b, ng ng tng c hi, kh c, phi c bin
php thi cng an ton; phi tin hnh kim tra m bo thit b hoc phn ng ng c ty
sch cc cht c hi.
2.21.1.12 Lp rp cc thit b, cc ng ng dn trong iu kin c nguy c chy n phi m bo:
- S dng cc dng c ngh lm t kim loi mu hoc c m ng, khng c kh nng pht sinh
ra tia la. Ch c php lm m my (nu cn thit) bng nc nng hoc hi nng;
- Khng c dng gi tm du lau chi thit b. Gi c dnh du m phi tp trung li, trong
thng st, khi xong vic phi mang ra khi phng;
- Khng c nm cc chi tit my, cc vt bng kim loi c th pht sinh ra tia la;
- Khng c i giy c ng inh hay c st.
2.21.1.13 Khi lp rp cc thit b xi, khng c dng gi lau hoc n k c dnh du m.
2.21.1.14 Khi tho d thit b, ng ng phi bo m n nh ca cc cm thit b cn li. Phi
thng xuyn theo di n nh ca cc cm thit b . Ch c bt u tho d sau khi thit b,
phn ng ng cn tho d c tch hn vi mch in bn ngoi v cc u mi khc. Ch
nng h cc phn tho d khi bo m chc chn khng b vng.
2.21.2 Lp rp cc thit b cng ngh
2.21.2.1 Lp rp cc thit b nng phi tun th theo ng cc quy nh ti 2.6 v cc quy nh hin
hnh khc v k thut an ton i vi thit b nng.
2.21.2.2 Lp rp cc thit b nhit nng phi tun th cc quy nh hin hnh v k thut an ton i
vi ni hi.
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2.21.2.3 Ch c php tin hnh lp t cc thit b cng ngh khi c h s k thut, cc hng dn
v lp rp, vn hnh v bin php thi cng, bin php an ton.
2.21.2.4 Phi thc hin mi bin php phng ng c in t hot ng tr li, khi lp t cc thit
b cng ngh c truyn ng in.
2.21.3 Th nghim cc thit b cng ngh
2.21.3.1 Trc khi th nghim (khng ti v c ti) phi:
- Ph bin cho nhng ngi tham gia th nghim nm c yu cu, trnh t cng vic lm, nhng
bin php m bo an ton lao ng c duyt;
- Thng bo cho nhng ngi lm vic khu vc gn ni th nghim bit thi gian bt u v kt
thc cuc th nghim;
- Ro chn hoc t cc v tr gc bo v khng ngi l mt vo trong khu vc th nghim;
- Kim tra li cc lin kt gia thit b v b my, tnh trng cch in v tip a ca phn in, trang
thit b. Kim tra li h thng khi ng, phanh hm, cc phn o kim tra v bo v;
- m bo nh sng y cho cc v tr lm vic; Lm v sinh loi b cc vt l ra khi thit b; Kim
tra h thng tn hiu;
- Trong trng hp cn thit, phi t h thng tn hiu bo ng s c, t cp cu.
2.21.3.2 p lc trong thit b cn th phi tng t t mt cch u n v khng vt qu mc quy
nh. Phi thng xuyn kim tra cc ch s ca ng h o v s hot ng ca ton b h thng
thit b ang th nghim.
2.21.3.3 Tt c cc ng ng v ph kin chu p lc trc khi u ni phi c th nghim bng
phng php thu lc.
2.21.3.4 Trc khi chy th ton b thit b, cn phi cho ng c chy khng ti v chy tng phn.
- Chy th thit b ln u nht thit phi chy khng ti, sau kim tra li ton din khi dng thit
b hon ton;
- Ch c cho thit b chy c ti sau khi th khng ti; phi tun theo hng dn ca nh sn
xut.
2.21.3.5 Sau khi ngng th nghim phn c, trong gi ngh hoc lc xem xt kim tra cc phn ng
ca thit b, phi ct ngun cung cp nng lng.
2.21.3.6 Khi th nghim cc thit b cng ngh, khng c:
- ngi ng trc cc ca, np, cc mi lin kt bng mt bch ca cc thit b chu p lc;
- Tho g cc che chn bo v;

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- Khi ng thit b khi cha c php ca ngi ch huy cuc th v khi cha bo trc cho nhng
ngi cng tham gia;
- M cc ca np, lm v sinh v tra du m cho thit b; T, ta vo cc chuyn ng; Lm cc vic
pha trn v pha di ca thit b.
2.21.3.7 Vic sa cha cc sai st pht hin c sau khi th nghim, ch c thc hin sau khi
dng thit b hon ton v ngng vic cp in.
2.21.4 Lp t cc ng ng dn
2.21.4.1 Lp t ng ng dn
2.21.4.1.1 Bc xp vn chuyn ng dn phi tun th quy nh ti 2.4, ng xp trn xe vn chuyn
phi c nh chc chn khng c x dch theo c hai phng.
2.21.4.1.2 ng chuyn ra tuyn thi cng phi cch xa mp ng ho t nht l 1,5 m. Cc on
ng hn lin nhau cn t trn gi k chuyn dng hoc t trc tip ln nn t, c k m
chng ln hoc trt.
2.21.4.1.3 Khi gia cng ng c s gia cng cn m bo nhng iu kin sau y:
- Khi sa cha, gia cng ng hoc lm cc vic chun b khc, ng phi c k c nh c hai u;
- Phn quay ca gi hn ng phi c trang b nhng thit b hm chc chn;
- Xoay ng trn gi phi dng cc loi cha vn chuyn dng. Khng c ng trn ng ng
ln;
- Khi nh sch u ng hoc ty sch g hn v khi un ng bng phng php nhit, ngi lao ng
phi eo knh phng h;
- Cc on ng di phi c gi . Khi cn di nc lm lnh ng phi dng go c cn di.
2.21.4.1.4 Khi lp t ng ng trn cc cu cn, phi c gi hoc thang a ngi lao ng ln
xung, khng c ln xung bng cc kt cu ca cu cn.
2.21.4.1.5 Khi lp t ng ng gn ng dy ti in ang vn hnh, nu on ng di nht c th
va chm vo dy dn th phi ct in.
2.21.4.1.6 Khng c neo gin gio, gi cng nh my v cc thit b vo ng.
2.21.4.1.7 Khng c lp v hn cc ng dn trng thi treo, nu pha di ch lm vic khng b
tr y cc thit b an ton.
2.21.4.1.8 Khi hn, lm sch, lm kn cc mi ni cc ng dn phi c mi che ma nng. Ch lm
vic ca th hn phi c che, khng mt tri chiu vo khi nhit khng kh trn 300 C v
khng ma t hay gi lnh thi vo.

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2.21.4.1.9 Khi co, ra ng, phi c b . S lng b v cch b tr ph thuc vo c im k
thut, ng knh ng v my co ra.
2.21.4.1.10 Khi lm cng vic sn ng cng nh cc vic c lin quan n bi tum, xng, ma tt, phi
tun th quy nh ti 2.11 v 2.20.
2.21.4.1.11 Ln tri dng lm ni ra ng bng dung dch ho cht, phi c h thng thng gi tt v
xa ni c ngi lm vic, ch ngi c nhim v v c trang b y phng tin phng h c
nhn mi c vo.
2.21.4.1.12 Ch c h cc on ng cng nh cc ph kin ca ng xung ho, sau khi mi ngi
ln khi on ho . Khng c dng gy hoc x beng by ln t do ng xung ho. Khng
c dng thanh chng vch ho lm ch ng. Nu t st xung trong khi ang h ng, th ch
c php dn t sau khi k ng chc chn. n k phi chm khi mp ho t nht l 1 m.
2.21.4.1.13 Trc khi bt u h ng xung ho, cn kim tra thit b, dng c, m bo y v s
lng v cht lng ng vi bin php thi cng. Dy cp, thng cho, rng rc... phi c th ti
trc. bn ca dy phi c h s an ton gp 6 ln.
2.21.4.1.14 Cc my t ng di chuyn dc theo tuyn ng ng phi i ngoi gii hn ca lng th
t st t nhin, nhng phi cch mp ho t nht l 2 m.
2.21.4.1.15 Cc my t ng xung ho, nu ng v tr c dc ln hn 100 (sn, i, sn
mng,... ) phi c kim tra n nh ca my.
2.21.4.1.16 Khi t cc n k, tm k ln hoc trt ng, phi m bo chc chn v gi cho
vch ho n nh.
2.21.4.1.17 Khi lm vic bn trong ging hoc trong b, phi c ngi trc trn ming ging hoc li
ra vo b.
2.21.4.1.18 Thi cng cc ng ng ngm di nc phi trang b cc dng c cp cu theo quy
nh ti 2.1.3. Tuyn ng ngm qua khu vc sng c tu thuyn qua li, phi trang b cc dng c
bo hiu khi thi cng.
2.21.4.1.19 Cc phng tin i li dng cho thi cng trn sng, phi c lin lc vi trn b bng v
tuyn in, bng tn hiu hoc loa, ci. Khng c ngi khng c nhim v ln trn cc phng
tin ny.
2.21.4.1.20 Ch c php tin hnh cng vic trn cc phng tin ni v cho th ln xung nc
lm vic khi c sng khng qu cp 3. Tu thuyn qua li khu vc ang c th ln lm vic di nc,
phi gim tc v phi i cch xa thuyn ln t nht 50 m.
2.21.4.1.21 Trc khi ko ng t xung y sng, h phi phanh v chn cht toa xe ch ng.
Ti ko ng phi c dy neo cht.
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2.21.4.1.22 Trong khi ko ng phi c tn hiu; phng tin ch huy phi m bo lin lc lin tc gia
ngi ch o cng vic v ngi lao ng trc tip thc hin tng cng tc ring bit.
2.21.4.1.23 Khng c bt c phng tin ni no i qua khu vc ang ko ng.
2.21.4.1.24 Khi t ng ng th hai song song vi ng ng th nht ang hot ng, trong thit
k thi cng, cn d kin cc bin php bo v tt ng ng ang hot ng.
2.21.4.1.25 t ng ng ngang qua cc ng giao thng, phi c ro ngn v bin bo; ban m
phi c n bo hiu.
2.21.4.1.26 t ng ng ngang qua ng st, phi b tr ngi kp thi thng bo cho mi
ngi bit khi tu sp n.
2.21.4.1.27 t cch li cho ng ng trong ng ho c s dng my t ng nng tm thi
c ng ng di lin tc, phi c bin php chng cc chuyn dch ca ng ng sang hai bn.
2.21.4.1.28 Khng c ng v di chuyn trn cc phn ng ng t trn khng.
2.21.4.2 Lp t cc ng ng cng ngh
2.21.4.2.1 Cn phi t cc phng tin lp ni c nh (nh gi , con-xon, cc kt cu b tng ct
thp hoc kim loi, tr tng, gi treo...) trc khi bt u lp rp ng ng cng ngh.
2.21.4.2.2 Khi nh du v tr t gi , con-xon, gi treo cng nh khi lp rp ng ng, cn phi
s dng gin gio v thc hin ng cc quy nh ti 2.8.
2.21.4.2.3 Khi c l tng hay sn nh dn ng hoc c nh im ta, ngi lao ng phi eo
knh phng h. Trong trng hp cn thit phi c tm chn bo v xung quanh.
2.21.4.2.4 Lp rp cc ng ng bng thu tinh, snh s hoc Fro - silic cn phi c bin php
phng v lm b thng ngi lao ng.
2.21.4.2.5 Trong xng ang hot ng, ch c tho d ng ng sau khi ngt b hon ton
ng ng khi cc t my v cc ng ng ang hot ng.
- Ch c tho d cc on ng v cc cm ng ring bit sau khi cc phn ng cn li c c
nh chc chn.
- Khng c tho d cng mt lc cc ng ng cc cao khc nhau trong cng mt chiu
thng ng.
2.21.5 Th nghim ng ng
2.21.5.1 Th nghim ng ng bng thu lc phi bo m nhng yu cu sau:
- ng ng ni t bm vo ng ng cn th nghim cng phi qua th thy lc trc ;

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- Ti cc mt bt kn, np y, cc ca c np y, cc mi ghp mt bchca ng ng trong thi
gian th nghim phi t cc bin bo v du hiu thch hp;
- Nhng ngi tham gia cuc th phi ng nhng v tr an ton, c tm che chn phng cc np
y c th vng ra khi cc mi lin kt b ph hu;
- Khng c tng p sut trong ng ng khi tin hnh xem xt pht hin cc h hng;
- Ch cho php th nghim thu lc cng lc nhiu ng t trn cng mt gi hoc cu vt khi nhng
kt cu trn c tnh ton chu c cc ph ti tng ng.
2.21.5.2 Vic th nghim ng ng bng kh nn ch c php thc hin, nu phng php th
nghim bng thu lc khng hp l.
2.21.5.3 Th nghim ng ng bng kh nn c ph kin bng gang (tr ph kin bng gang rn) ch
c dng p sut khng qu 400 kPa. Cc ph kin bng gang phi qua th thu lc s b xc
nh cng trc.
2.21.5.4 Th nghim ng ng bng kh nn phi bo m nhng yu cu sau:
- My nn, thit b v cc dng c o s dng trong cuc th phi c b tr cch ng ng cn th
mt khong t nht l 10 m;
- Cc van an ton ca thit b phi c cn chnh vi p sut tng ng;
- Ni v tho nhng ng ng dn hi t my nn ti on ng ch c lm khi cho my nn
ngng hot ng.
2.21.5.5 Khng c dng kh nn th nghim ng ng trong xng ang hot ng hoc
ng ng nm trn cng mt gi , cu vt hoc rnh vi cc ng ng khc ang hot ng.
2.21.5.6 Trong thi gian th bng thu lc v bng kh nn cc ng ng chu lc, khng c:
- Sit cht bu-lng ca cc mi ni mt bch;
- ng i din vi cc mt bch kn ca ng ng th;
- G vo cc mi hn;
- S dng cc p k khng m bo;
- ngi trong khu vc nm ca ng ng th khi ang nn kh.
2.21.5.7 Th nghim ng ng phi c t chc vo ban ngy. Trng hp phi thc hin vo ban
m, phi bo m chiu sng cho phn ng th vi sng khng nh hn 50 lux.
2.21.5.8 Xc nh vng nguy him khi th nghim ng ng theo Bng 7.

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Bng 7 - Vng nguy him khi th nghim ng ng
Loi vt liu lm ng ng v p
sut th nghim

1. ng thp vi p sut th 1 000 kPa

2. ng gang vi p sut th 150 kPa

3.ng gang vi p sut th 600 kPa

ng knh ng (mm)

Bn knh vng nguy him

(m)

Ti 300

T 300 n 1 000

10

Trn 1 000

20

Ti 500

10

Trn 500

20

Ti 500

15

Trn 500

25

2.22 Cng tc lp t thit b in v mng li in

2.22.1 Yu cu chung
2.22.1.1 Di chuyn, nng v lp t cc ng c in, cc my s dng in, cc kh c ng, ngt
in ch c tin hnh khi chng trng thi ngt in.
2.22.1.2 Di chuyn, lp t cc thit b in phi dng cc dng c chuyn dng neo buc. Khng
c dng cc loi dy thp, xch, cp buc cc b phn cch in, cc tip im ca cc l
chn . Phi c bin php ngn chn, chng lt . Khi vn chuyn bng xe, phi thc hin y
cc bin php chng v, xy xt, va p v bin dng, chng ma nng, c bit i vi thit b chnh
xc c bin php chng va chm, chng lc, chng rung.
2.22.1.3 Khi vn chuyn v tp kt thit b in n v tr lp t, phi c bin php bo qun, chng
ma nng, chng m t, nng, bi, hi nc hoc cc cht c hi.
2.22.1.4 Trc khi lp t phi kim tra v tr v n nh ca cc gi ta, cc b phn kt cu ca
cng trnh v tr lp t. Trong khi lp t, cc my bin th phi lm ngn mch cc u ra ca my
v ni t bo v cc u dy .
2.22.1.5 Khi s dng my trc lp rp thit b in, cc ng cp trn c in, mng in chiu
sng v ng lc nm trong vng lm vic, phi c ngt in v ro chn.
2.22.1.6 n kim tra s ng ngt ng thi ca cc tip im phi dng in p khng qu 12 V.
2.22.1.7 Trong phm vi c t my li tm lc du v ti ch t thit b du, phi treo bin "Cm
la".
2.22.1.8 Lp t my ngt in mt cc phi bo m chc chn v iu chnh s n khp ng thi
ca cc tip im ca my ngt.
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2.22.1.9 iu chnh cc my ngt in phi c bin php phng cc b phn truyn ng ca my
ngt do nguyn nhn no ng in bt ng.
2.22.1.10 Cu ch ca cc mng in ni vi thit b lp rp phi tho ra trong sut thi gian thi cng.
Ch c t cu ch vo mng in iu chnh thit b sau khi mi ngi v tr an ton.
2.22.1.11 Trc khi ng in th li in v thit b in phi, ngng tt c cc cng vic c lin
quan, ng thi ngi trong bung phn phi phi ra khi khu vc nguy him.
2.22.1.12 Trc khi th cc b phn truyn ng t xa bng dng in thao tc hoc bng kh nn
phi treo bin bo "C in nguy him" trn cc thit b .
2.22.1.13 Khi tin hnh cc cng vic bn trong b gp kh, phi dng kho gi cht van gi khng
kh vo v treo bin "Cm ng in".
2.22.1.14 Van an ton trn bnh gp kh phi c iu chnh v th vi p sut ln hn p sut cho
php khng qu 10 %.
2.22.1.15 Cho in p vo th r-le, p-t-mt my ngt v cc dng c khc phi lm theo phiu
cng tc v s ch dn ca cn b k thut sau khi th nghim cc thit b .
2.22.1.16 Phn h ca cc thit b phn phi phi c che chn, khi cha c tm lt trn cc rnh
cp in phi dng vn che tm. Khng c dy dn in thi cng tip xc vi cc b phn dy
in ca cng trnh.
2.22.2 Lp t my in v my bin p
2.22.2.1 Khi dng du, xng lau chi cc b phn ca thit b phi t chc thng gi, phng chy
v c trang b phng h theo quy nh hin hnh.
2.22.2.2 Trc khi o in tr ca my c phn quay phi ct mch in. Phi c t nht hai ngi
lm v kim tra m bo khng c in p trn my . Lp rp xong phi lm ngn mch v ni t
bo v cc u ra ca dy dn.
2.22.2.3 Khi sy hoc t nng kim tra my bin p v my in, phi dng vt liu cch in
khng chy. Qut thi khng kh chy in dng sy my bin p v my in, phi c thit b
phng trnh tia la in.
2.22.2.4 Trc khi sy my in v my bin p bng dng in, phi ni t bo v v my v thng
du.
2.22.2.5 Sy my bin p bng phng php cm ng, phi c bin php phng chm mt. Phi
loi tr kh nng ngi c th tip xc vi cc cun dy cm ng. Khng c dng ngn la h
xem nhit k.
2.22.2.6 Ch c sa cha cc h hng khi ct mch in. Khng c sa cha cc b phn
trong thit b ang vn hnh.
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2.22.3 Lp v np c quy
2.22.3.1 Khng c thc hin bt k hot ng g c th pht sinh ra tia la trong phng c quy.
Gian cha c quy phi dng n chiu sng c in p t 6 V tr ln phi c v knh bao ngoi. Ngoi
knh bao phi c lp thp chng . Dy in phi i trong ng kim loi v phi c kim tra thng
xuyn khi xy ra ngn mch.
2.22.3.2 Phng c quy phi thong, ngoi vic thng gi nhn to lin tc trong sut qu trnh lm vic
cn phi thng gi trc v sau khi lm vic t nht l 30 min.
2.22.3.3 Ti v tr bo qun axit, kim, cng nh ni nn, lp hn cc tm ch khng c thc n,
nc ung v cc thc phm khc.
2.22.3.4 Trong phng pha ch dung dch in phn khng c lm bt c vic g khc. Phng c quy
phi t vi nc hay thng ng nc. Thng ng nc ra v dung dch trung tnh, phi t trn
gi v phi sn mu d phn bit. Gi k c quy axit v c quy kim phi c lt bng cao su.
2.22.3.5 Cc cht in phn c axit, phi c pha trong cc bnh chuyn dng. Khng c pha
dung dch axit trong cc chu thu tinh. Ch c axit, cht in phn, cht kim ri vi ra, phi trung ho
v ra bng cc dung dch axit bric nu l dung dch kim. Khng c ht bng ming qua ng
chuyn cc dung dch in phn.
2.22.3.6 Phng lm cc cng vic nh: co sun-pht khi cc tm ch v nn li cc tm ch, phi
c thng gi tt. Khi co sun-pht khi cc tm ch, phi dng bn chi hoc gi lau. Khng c
lau trc tip bng tay.
2.22.3.7 Khng c nng, di chuyn, k kch cc gi k cng nh t hay thay cc tm m, cc y
bnh v thng ng y cht in phn.
2.22.3.8 Khi kim tra cc kp u cc ca bnh c quy, phi eo gng tay cao su cch in. Khi vn
ai c ni cc bnh c quy vi nhau, phi phng cha vn chm vo cc cc khc nhau ca my.
2.22.4 Lp t mng in
2.22.4.1 Khi nn cc dy kim loi bng ti v cc dng c khc, phi lm khu vc ring c ro che
chn xung quanh v bo m khong cch an ton i vi cc thit b in v ng dy ang vn
hnh.
2.22.4.2 Khng c ng trn thang ta hoc thang gp ko cng theo phng nm ngang cc
ng dy dn c tit din ln hn 4 mm.
2.22.4.3 Khng chp nhiu dy chy c cng nh mc nh thay cho mt dy chy c cng
nh mc ln. Khng c lp mt hoc hai cu ch n vo mng 3 pha.
2.22.4.4 ng dy mng ng lc v chiu sng phi i ring r.

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2.22.4.5 Cc b phn ca my mc thit b in, u phi c tip t nu cc b phn c th c
in khi cch in b hng.
2.22.4.6 Trc lc bt u quay tang ko dy cp ngm, phi nh ht inh nh ra trn tang v kp
cht u cp nh ra ngoi.
2.22.4.7 Khi t cp, tang v cc dng c ngh khc ln mp ho, phi theo cc quy nh ti 2.12.
Ti v tr t tang v cc thit b x cp, phi c bin php chng st l vch ho.
2.22.4.8 Khi x cp khi tang bng ti hay bng my, phi c dng c hm tang cp.
2.22.4.9 Khi t cp, khng c ng hoc dng tay gi dy cp cc gc ngot.
2.22.4.10 Vic x cp ngm bng ti qua rng rc ging cp hoc bung cp cc tng, ch c
thc hin khi c tn hiu bng m thanh hoc nh sng.
2.22.4.11 Lp cc hp ni cp c sn hoc hn hp Ebnit, phi c bin php phng nga chy i
vi cc cht .
2.22.4.12 Khi bt kn cc u dy cp v cc phu hoc dng xng ra v hay dy cp trong
phng kn, phi thng gi v phng chy tt.
2.22.4.13 Khi t n hn nu chy bi tum v thuc hn, phi lm ngoi tri. Bi tum v thuc hn
nng chy, phi t trong cc hp kn v a xung hm bng dng c chuyn dng.
2.22.4.14 Lm ng dy ti in trn khng, phi tun th cc quy nh hin hnh v xy dng cc
cng trnh in.
2.22.4.15 Khng c neo, buc cc thit b nng h hoc cc cng vic tng t khc vo ct in.
Khi lp t cc thit b gn cc ng dy ang c in p, phi tun th quy nh ti 2.6.
2.22.4.16 Khi dng cc ct in phc tp bng thit b v cc cng c nng ko, phi dng dy chng
iu chnh. Dng v h cc ct trong iu kin phc tp khong gia hai ng dy ang c in,
phi c cn b k thut thi cng gim st.
2.22.4.17 Trong lc ang ko hoc tho dy, khng c ngi hoc xe c i qua khu vc ang
vt dy, ti ni ny phi c bin cm. Trng hp phi bo m giao thng bnh thng, phi c
bin php bo m an ton.
2.22.4.18 Trong khi ko dy, khng c leo ln cc ct gc lm bt k mt vic g.
2.22.4.19 Khi dng thp nng hoc thang di ng, phi theo quy nh ti 2.8.
2.22.4.20 Tho v lp ng dy dn in trn khng, phi ngt mch v ni t di ng hai u v
khong gia ng dy, sao cho khong cch gia cc thit b ni t khng ln hn 3 km; ch khi
no khng c ngi trn u ct mi c tho thit b ni t di ng.

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2.22.4.21 ng dy in hoc ng dy cp nng, phi c t cao khng c nh hn
4,5 m v nhng ch xe c qua li khng nh hn 6 m.
2.22.5 Lm vic trm in ang hot ng
2.22.5.1 Ch sa cha, lp rp cc thit b in trong trm ang hot ng, khi c phiu cng tc v
thc hin ngt in thit b v cc thit b c lin quan.
2.22.5.2 Khi sa cha v lp t my bin p trong trm, phi ngt in pha h p khi nng bin
th.
2.22.5.3 Ti cc ch ni thit b phn phi kn v h vi dy ni t bo v, phi lm cc kp hoc
nh sch sn cc ch kp dy ni t bo v di ng bng m kp. Khi bt dy ni t, phi
ni vi cc ni t trc ri mi ni vo v thit b cn ni t. Khi tho dy ni t, phi tin hnh
ngc li.
2.22.6 Th nghim, bn giao a vo vn hnh cc trm in
2.22.6.1 Phi c y h s l lch ca thit b v vn bn m bo k thut lp t, cng nh cc
yu cu v k thut an ton mi a thit b in vo th nghim.
2.22.6.2 Khi th nghim s cch in v cp cng nh th nghim v chnh dch s lm vic ca cc
thit b cc b chnh lu ca my bin th, my bin dng phi tun th cc quy nh hin hnh v k
thut vn hnh v an ton s dng cc thit b in trong x nghip.
2.22.6.3 Trc khi th nghim ng in cc thit b phn phi g lp, phi kim tra tnh trng cc
kho cc ca, cc b phn che chn, cc bin bo, trang b phng h chng chy, n chiu sng,
in thoi lin lc v ni t bo v.
2.22.6.4 Khi th nghim v ng in cc thit b in, phi c ro ngn v bin bo.
2.22.6.5 Khi tin hnh iu chnh thit b in mi bn giao, phi c bin php bo m an ton cho
ngi. Khi quan st phi ng xa cc b phn c in, ngng lm vic cc b phn c in, ng
thi phi che chn v c bin bo khu vc

2.23 Cng tc tho d, sa cha, m rng nh v cng trnh

2.23.1 Yu cu chung
2.23.1.1 Trc khi tho d, sa cha, m rng nh hoc cng trnh, phi tin hnh:
- Kho st nh gi ng tnh trng ca nn mng, tng ct, dm, sn trn v cc kt cu khc ca
nh v cng trnh ;
- Kho st nh gi cc nguy c v chy, n, ha cht c hi v hu qu ca vic ph d ci to sa
cha i vi sc khe con ngi;

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- Kho st nh gi v c bin php kim tra i vi cc cng trnh ln cn, nh gi nh hng trong
v sau khi ph d ci to;
- Kt qu kho st phi lp thnh h s lm cn c cho thit k thi cng.
2.23.1.2 Nh v cng trnh b h hng c nguy c sp bt ng, nhng cha tin hnh sa cha
c ngay th phi c bin php gia c chng hoc phi c ro ngn, bin cm ngi v phng
tin qua li vng nguy him.
2.23.1.3 Trc khi tin hnh ph d phi:
- Kim tra v tho d ht bom n (nu c);
- Kim tra li ton b h thng in, nu m bo an ton mi s dng. Trong trng hp khng x l
c phi ct b h thng in c, thay bng ng in mi phc v thi cng;
- C bin php chng cc kt cu c kh nng sp bt ng, khi tho d cng trnh hoc tho d
cc b phn c lin quan n kt cu ;
- C bin php hn ch s chn ng khi ct, ko, tho d cc kt cu.
2.23.1.4 Khu vc ph d phi c ro chn bin cm ngi v xe c qua li, ban m phi c n
bo hiu. Ro cao 2 m, bao quanh khu vc ph d, ca ra vo phi c kim sot cht ch.
2.23.1.5 Khi tho d cc cng trnh trong phm vi cc c s ang hot ng, phi c bin php m
bo an ton chung.
2.23.1.6 Khi tho d v ban m hoc nhng v tr khng nh sng, phi b tr n chiu sng
y . Cc dy dn in phi mc vo ct ring, khng c mc vo cc kt cu cng trnh ang
tho d.
2.23.1.7 Khng c tho d cng trnh trong cc trng hp sau:
- Khi c gi t cp 5 tr ln;
- hai hoc nhiu tng cng mt lc trn cng mt phng thng ng;
- Khi ang c ngi lm vic bn di khu vc ang tho d m cha c bin php che chn an
ton.
2.23.1.8 Khi tho d cng trnh trn cao, phi c ro ngn khu vc nguy him bn di v phi
t bin cm.
2.23.1.9 Khi tin hnh tho d, phi c bin php phng cc b phn cng trnh c nguy c sp
bt ng. Khi ct kt cu ra tng phn nh, phi c bin php phng nhng b phn cn li b sp
bt ng, ng thi phi c cc bin php phng trnh cc b phn kt cu b ct ri vng vo ngi.
2.23.1.10 Tho d vng hoc cc b phn cheo leo, phi lm gin gio. Trng hp ng trn cc
b phn kt cu khc ca cng trnh tho d phi c bin php bo m an ton.
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2.23.1.11 Tho d cng trnh bng c gii, phi cm mi ngi vo cc li i li ca my v dc hai
bn ng cp ko. My hoc thit b dng tho d cng trnh, phi t ngoi phm vi sp l cng
trnh. Nu dng my hoc thit b ko cng trnh, phi t cch xa cng trnh t nht bng 1,5
chiu cao cng trnh.
2.23.1.12 Ph d cc cng trnh bng phng php n mn, phi c thit k c th v phi tun theo
cc quy nh ti QCVN 02:2008/BCT.
2.23.1.13 Khi x l cc b phn cng trnh h hng, nht l cc b phn trn cao phi lp bin php
thi cng an ton, phi trang b y nhng dng c phng h cn thit cho ngi lao ng.
2.23.1.14 Ph d ng khi, tr gch cng nh cc mng tng cao hn 1,5 m b h hng nng.
khng c dng cc dng c cm tay (chong, ba..) c ph. m phi dng cc thit b thch hp
v cc bin php thi cng c bit. Khng c git tng ln sn tng. Khng c ph ng khi,
tng gch bng cch c chn.
2.23.2 Ph d kt cu vm hnh tr, ng khi
2.23.2.1 Khng c ph d kt cu hnh tr cao bng phng php n mn, hoc lt tr khi khu
vc xung quanh ln kt cu xung mt cch an ton.
2.23.2.2 Tho d vm hnh tr, phi tin hnh t nh xung hai pha; tho d vm hnh cu hoc
cnh bum, phi ph tng di di khng qu 0,5 m theo vng trn t nh xung chn.
2.23.2.3 Khi tin hnh tho d vm phi lm gi h thng chng vm, phi tun theo cc quy
nh ti 2.8.
2.23.2.4 Tho d vm l, phi ng trn gin gio. Khng c ng trn vm l tho d. Khi tho
d vm l phi phun nc chng bi.
2.23.3 Ph d tng
2.23.3.1 Tng phi c ph d theo tng tng, bt u ph d t trn mi xung di.
2.23.3.2 Khi cn thit, nhng bc tng khng c g chng , phi c ging chng li khi tin
hnh ph d.
2.23.4 Ph d sn
2.23.4.1 Khi cn thit, phng nga s nguy him, cn phi trang b cc tm vn sn v sn thao tc
phc v cho ngi lao ng i li v di chuyn trong qu trnh ph d.
2.23.4.2 Phi ro chn ngn nga nguy him ti cc sn h m vt liu c th ri xung.
2.23.5 Ph d kt cu thp
2.23.5.1 Trong qu trnh tin hnh ph d cc b phn ca kt cu, phi ngn nga sp ca kt
cu thp, kt cu b tng ct thp.
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2.23.5.2 Kt cu thp phi c ph d theo tng tng.
2.23.5.3 Cc b phn ca kt cu thp sau khi ph d, phi c h thp dn dn, khng th t trn
cao xung.
2.23.6 Ci to, sa cha
2.23.6.1 Trc khi xy cao thm cc cng trnh hoc lp dng thm cc cu kin vo cc b phn
cng trnh lm tng ti trng ca cc b phn cng trnh, phi kim tra li ton b cc b phn cng
trnh c lin quan. Trong trng hp cn thit phi thc hin bin php gia c thch hp bo m
an ton.
2.23.6.2 Khi sa cha cc b phn trn sn tng, phi lt kn hoc ro chn cc l hng sn, phi
lm lan can chc gia cc khoang chng.
2.23.6.3 Khi sa cha cc ng dn kh, dn hi ..., phi kim tra kn, kht ca h thng van trong
sut qu trnh sa cha.
2.23.6.4 Khi sa cha pha di cc cun vm, vm phi c vn khun v h thng chng ph
hp. Khu vc sa cha phi ro chn khng cho ngi qua li.
2.23.6.5 Sa cha cc l nung ang vn hnh, nht thit phi c tm che chn hoc lm tng ngn
tm thi trnh bc x nhit kh c hi.

2.24 Thi cng trn mt nc

2.24.1 Yu cu chung
2.24.1.1 Khi thi cng trn mt nc hoc gn nc, phi ch : Bo v ngi lao ng trnh ri
xung nc; Cu h khi c ngi ri xung nc.
2.24.1.2 Phi c bin php v an ton, khi thi cng trn mt nc hoc gn mt nc vi yu cu
v cc dng c bo him sau:
- Hng ro bo v, li an ton, dy bo him;
- Phao cu sinh, o cu sinh v thuyn cu sinh (hoc mt);
- Phng chng cc mi nguy him khc nh cc loi b st (sng gn mt nc) v cc ng vt
khc.
2.24.1.3 Cu tu, thuyn phao, cu, chn cu, ng i li v ni lm vic ti ni c cng vic trn
mt nc, phi p ng yu cu k thut ca cc Quy chun k thut hin hnh v cc tiu chun la
chn p dng.
2.24.1.4 Cc kt cu ni trn mt nc cn c chi, ln che chn bo v ngi lao ng.
2.24.1.5 Cc thit b ni trn mt nc, phi c trang b y cc thit b cu sinh ph hp nh:
dy cu h, mc cu, phao.
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2.24.1.6 Cc loi b mng c s dng phi:
- C bn chu c ti trng ti a m n s phi chuyn ch;
- c chng no, neo u mt cch cht ch;
- Tip cn c mt cch d dng.
2.24.1.7 Cc b mt sn bng thp, phi c x l to ma st hoc che ph bi cc b mt chng
trn trt.
2.24.1.8 Tt c cc b mt lm vic, phi c hng ro bo v.
2.24.1.9 Cc ng dn ni, phi c ng i an ton.
2.24.1.10 Khng c vo phng bm thy lc, khi khng thng bo hoc khng c ngi i cng.
2.24.1.11 Dy ti, dy ko, x, u ct v dy buc thuyn, phi c kim tra hng ngy.
2.24.1.12 Ngi lao ng ch ln v xung tu nhng bn an ton.
2.24.1.13 Phi im danh ngi lao ng thng xuyn.
2.24.2 Thuyn
Thuyn chuyn ch ngi lao ng v ngi iu khin, phi p ng cc yu cu ca cc Quy
chun k thut hin hnh v cc tiu chun la chn p dng.
2.24.3 Cu h v cc th tc cp cu
2.24.3.1 Ngi lao ng lm vic trn mt nc, phi c cung cp mt s b dng c hi phc sc
khe, o cu sinh ...
2.24.3.2 Khng lm vic n c trn mt nc.
2.24.3.3 Ngi lao ng phi c hun luyn cc cng vic cn lm, khi xy ra cc tnh hung khn
cp.

3 T chc thc hin

3.1 B Xy dng chu trch nhim hng dn thi hnh v kim tra vic thc hin Quy chun ny.
3.2 Cc c quan qun l nh nc v xy dng ti a phng c trch nhim thanh tra, kim tra cng
tc thi cng xy dng theo quy nh ca Quy chun ny.
3.3 Trong qu trnh thc hin, nu c kh khn, vng mc, ngh cc c quan, t chc, c nhn kp
thi phn nh v B Xy dng c hng dn hoc sa i, b sung.

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