Professional Documents
Culture Documents
30
x
13
y
1200
x 0
y 0
C F
50
40
80
I
B
D
O A 20 40
E x
100
y
14
20 x 10 y 140
0,6 x 1,5y 9
0 x 10
0 y 9
(*)
2
x
14
2 x 5y 30
A
9
6
I
O
C
7 10
x
15
4
vi -ng thng y x (T 0). Khi T tng, -ng thng ny tnh tin song
3
song ln pha trn. Khi T gim, -ng thng ny tnh tin song song xung pha
d-i. Gi tr nh nht ca T t -c ti nh I ca t gic IABC l giao im ca
hai -ng thng 2x + 5y = 30 v 2x + y = 14. To ca I l (xI = 5; yI = 4). Nhvy thu 5 xe hiu MITSUBISHI v 4 xe hiu FORD th chi ph vn ti l thp
nht.
bi tp c ni dung thc tin
I - Cc bi ton v Tp hp - Mnh :
1. Trong mt khong thi gian nht nh, ti mt a ph-ng, i kh t-ng
thy vn thng k -c:
+) S ngy m-a: 10 ngy;
A(48)
a
+) V mn Vt l: 37 th sinh;
+) V mn Vn: 42 th sinh;
+) V mn Ton hoc mn Vt l: 75 th sinh;
+) V mn Ton hoc mn Vn: 76 th sinh;
+) V mn Vt l hoc mn Vn: 66 th sinh;
z
c
C(42)
+) V c 3 mn: 4 th sinh.
Vy c bao nhiu hc sinh nhn -c danh hiu xut sc v:
- Mt mn?
- Hai mn?
- t nht mt mn?
II - Bi ton v ng dng Hm s bc hai:
3. Dy truyn nn cu treo c dng Parabol ACB nh- hnh v. u cui
ca dy -c gn cht vo im A v B trn trc AA' v BB' vi cao 30m.
Chiu di nhp A'B' = 200m. cao ngn nht ca dy truyn trn nn cu l OC
= 5m. Xc nh chiu di cc dy cp treo (thanh thng ng ni nn cu vi dy
y
truyn)?
A(100;30)
B
M2
B'
M3
M1
y
C
y2 3 30m
O 5m y1
A'
200m
z
x
12. a) Mt cnh ng hnh ch nht vi din tch cho tr-c phi c dng no
chiu di hng ro ca n l cc tiu?
b) Mt cnh ng hnh ch nht c chiu di cho tr-c phi c dng no
din tch l cc i?
13. Vi mt a trn bng thp trng phi lm mt ci phu bng cch ct i
mt hnh qut ca a ny v gp phn cn li thnh hnh nn. Cung trn ca hnh
qut b ct i phi bng bao nhiu hnh nn c th tch cc i?
y
Mt bn
Np
u
Mt bn
23. Hai cng nhn cng lm chung mt cng vic trong 3 gi 36 pht th
xong. Nu ng-i th nht lm trong
1
thi gian m ring ng-i th hai lm xong
3
1
thi gian m ring ng-i th nht lm
3
13
cng vic. Tnh thi gian mi ng-i
18
15
ln th t cng ch mt tng y thi gian. Tm t s vn
7
tc ca xe p v t?
VII - Cc bi ton v cp s:
25. Sinh nht ca An vo ngy 1 thng 5. Bn y mun mua mt chic my
nh gi 712000 ng lm qu sinh nht cho chnh mnh. Bn y quyt nh b
ng heo 100 ng vo ngy 1 thng 1 ca nm , sau c lin tc ngy sau cao
hn ngy tr-c 100 ng. Hi n sinh nht ca mnh An c tin mua qu
khng?
26. u ma thu hoch xoi, mt bc nng dn bn cho ng-i th nht, na s
xoi thu hoch -c v na qu, bn cho ng-i th hai na s cn li v na qu, bn
cho ng-i th ba na s xoi cn li v na qu v.v... n l-t ng-i th by bc cng
bn na s xoi cn li v na qu th khng cn qu no na.
Hi bc nng dn thu hach -c bao nhiu qu xoi u ma?
h
A
E
30. T mt khc g trn hnh tr, cn x thnh mt chic x c tit din
ngang l hnh vung v 4 ming ph nh- hnh v. Hy xc nh kch th-c ca
ming ph s dng khi g mt cch tt nht (tc l din tch s dng theo tit
din ngang l ln nht).
b) Xc nh gc tm nm cc i.
M
P
x
32. Cn phi xy dng mt h ga, dng hnh hp ch nht c th tch V(m 3),
h s k cho tr-c (k- t s gia chiu cao ca h v chiu rng ca y. Hy xc
nh cc kch th-c ca y khi xy tit kim nguyn vt liu nht?
33. Hai con tu ang cng mt v tuyn v cch nhau 5 hi l. ng thi c
hai tu cng khi hnh, mt chy v h-ng Nam vi 6 hi l/gi, cn tu kia chy
v v tr hin ti ca tu th nht vi vn tc 7 hi l/ gi. Hy xc nh m thi
im m khong cch ca hai tu l ln nht?
B1
d
A1
34. Cn phi dng thuyn v-t sang b i din ca mt dng sng chy
xit m vn tc ca dng chy l vc ln hn vn tc vt ca thuyn. H-ng i ca
thuyn phi nh- th no di theo dng chy gy nn l nh nht? (Hnh v
trang sau)
B
C z Kx
h
A
B1
D
E
h2
D
A
h1
B
E
2
37. Trong lnh vc thu li, cn phi xy dng nhiu m-ng dn n-c dng
"Thu ng hc" (K hiu din tch tit din ngang ca m-ng l s, l di
-ng bin gii hn ca tit din ny, - c tr-ng cho kh nng thm n-c ca
sin
(
r2
.I
li gii h thng bi tp
1. K hiu nhng ngy m-a l A, nhng ngy c gi l B, nhng ngy lnh l
B
A
C. Theo gi thit ta c: n(A) = 10, n(B) = 8,
n(C) = 6, n(A B) = 5, n(A C) = 4, n(B C) = 3,
n(A B C) = 1. tm s ngy thi tit xu
ta s dng biu Venn. Ta cn tnh n(A B C)
10
5
4
1 3
6
(C A)). Xt n(A B C): trong tng n(A) + n(B) + n(C) -c tnh 3 ln, trong
n(A B) + (B C) + (C A) cng -c tnh 3 ln. V vy n(A B C) = n(A) +
n(B) + n(C) - (n(A B) + (B C) + (C A)) + n(A B C) = 10 + 8 + 6 - (5 + 4 + 3)
+1 = 13.
Vy s ngy thi tit xu l 13 ngy.
2. Gi A, B, C ln l-t l tp hp nhng hc sinh xut sc v mn Ton, mn
Vt L, mn Vn.
Gi a, b, c ln l-t l s hc sinh ch t danh hiu xut sc mt mn v mn
Ton, mn Vt L, mn Vn.
Gi x, y, z ln l-t l s hc sinh t danh hiu xut sc hai mn v mn
Ton v mn Vt L, mn Vt L v mn Vn, mn Vn v mn Ton.
Dng biu Venn -a v h 6 ph-ng trnh 6 n sau:
a x z 4 48
b x y 4 37
c y z 4 42
71
a c x y z 72
b c x y z 62
a 28
b 18
c 19
x 6
y 9
z 10
B(37)
A(48)
z
c
C(42)
b
a
2a
400
1 2
x + 5. Bi ton -a vic xc nh chiu
400
y
A(100;30)
B
M2
B'
M3
M
y
C 1 y 3 30m
2
O 5m y1
A'
200m
(z y z) y
. x 2 z 2 (y z)2 (x 2 z 2 ) (1)
2
Ta cn tm x, y, z S cc i vi 2x + y = khng i.
z
x
Do S cc i khi y + z = x + z = 3x - 3z x = y =
,z= .
6
3
x2
a x 2x
= a x - ( 2 ) x 2 ( 2 ) x(
S S1 S 2
2x
2
2
2
2
2
S ln nht khi x(
2
2
2
2
x x
x) .
S1
a
.
4
S2
2x
a
2a
; chiu rng bng
.
4
4
1
.4x.(a - 2x)2. p dng Bt ng
4
1 4x a 2x a 2x
1 8a
2a
.
4
3
4 27
27
a
6
a - 2x
a
.
6
V
2V
=
2
x
x
V
).
x2
2V
x
V V
V 2
+
) 2.33
.
2x 2x
4
Do S b nht khi x 2 =
V
V
.
x = 3
2x
2
2R
10. Gi x l chiu di cnh song song vi b giu v y l chiu di cnh
vung gc vi b giu, theo bi ra ta c x + 2y = a. Din tch ca ming t l S =
y(a - 2y). S cc i khi v ch khi 2y(a - 2y) cc i. p dng Bt ng
a2
2y a 2y
thc Csi ta c 2S = 2y(a - 2y)
.
2
4
Du "=" xy ra 2y = a - 2y y =
a
a
x .
4
2
a
a
, y .
2
4
R
. Vn dng trong bi ton ny
2
hnh qut l: S
xy x(a 2x) 1
2x(a 2x) .
2
2
4
1
a
y .
4
2
Nh- vy vi chu vi cho tr-c, din tch ca hnh qut cc i khi bn knh
ca n bng na di cung trn.
12. S dng tng khng i th tch ln nht v tch khng i th tng nh
nht khi hai s bng nhau. Ta c cnh ng phi c dng hnh vung th tho mn
yu cu bi ton.
13. Gi x l chiu di cung trn ca phn a -c xp lm hnh nn. Nhvy, bn knh R ca a s l -ng sinh ca hnh nn v vng trn y ca hnh
nn s c di l x. Bn knh r ca y -c xc nh bi ng thc
x
. Chiu cao ca hnh nn tnh theo nh l Pitago
2
2 r x r
l: h =
R r
2
x2
. Th tch ca khi nn
R
4 2
1
x
s l: V r 2 .H
3
3 2
x2
R
.
42
R 2
42 x 2 x 2
x2
42 82 82
2
2
4
V
. 2 . 2 (R 2 )
9 8 8
4
9
3
x2
x2
2
Do V cc i khi v ch khi
R
82
4
2
6
4 . R
9 27
2
R 6 5,15R
3
Np
Mt bn
Mt bn
15. Gi s Tu chy S km mt T ngy m. Khi chi ph R s bng
R = Ta + kTv3 y k l h s t l v v T =
Sa
S
, nn R =
+ kS v2.
v
v
a
a2k
a
2
3
p dng Bt ng thc Csi ta c R = S (
+
+ kv ) 3 S
2v 2v
4
a
= kv2 v
2v
a
.
2k
20 x 10 y 140
0,6 x 1,5y 9
0 x 10
0 y 9
(*)
2
x
14
2 x 5y 30
14
B
A
9
6
I
O
C
7 10
x
15
(T 0). Khi T
tng, -ng thng ny tnh tin song song ln pha trn. Khi T gim, -ng thng
ny tnh tin song song xung pha d-i. Gi tr nh nht ca T t -c ti nh I
ca t gic IABC l giao im ca hai -ng thng 2x + 5y = 30 v 2x + y = 14.
To ca I l (xI = 5; yI = 4). Nh- vy thu 5 xe hiu MITSUBISHI v 4 xe hiu
FORD th chi ph vn ti l thp nht.
17. Gi x, y ln l-t l s kg sn phm loi I, loi II vi x, y 0. Bi ton
-a n tm x, y tho mn h bt ph-ng trnh:
x 0
y 0
x 2 y 100
2 x y 80
1800
ngy. S c nh bt -c trong 3 ngy b bo l
x
1800
1860 3x
ngy.
x 20
1860 3x
1800
3
2
Theo bi ra ta c ph-ng trnh:
x 20
x
1800
1860 3x
0
0
20 8 12 (2)
v v 0
v v0
v0
t k =
v
(k 0) suy ra v = kv0 thay vo (2) ta -c ph-ng trnh: 3k2 - 7k = 0
v0
7
v 0 vo ph-ng trnh (2) ta -c kt qu l
3
v=
7km/h, v0 = 3km/h.
p s: Vn tc thuyn khi i xui dng l 10km/h; vn tc dng n-c l 3km/h.
429
3
459
3
. Do y N suy ra y = 8 t ta suy ra
18
gi. S cng vic ng-i
5
1
. S cng vic ng-i th hai lm
x
x 13
y
3x 3y 18
1
trong 1 gi l . Khi ta c h:
y
1 1 5
x y 18
x 6
x 9
Gii h i xng loi I ny ta -c hai nghim
v
y 9
y 6
6y
pht. Trn -ng ng-c li t
xy
6y
pht, ngha l
xy
15
y
6y
12 y
7
mt 3 + 3 + 2
=6+
pht. L lun t-ng t ta -c: 1+1+
15
xy
xy
x y
7
2.
15
y
60y
7
= 2+
pht. Hai thi gian ny bng nhau v vy ta -c ph-ng
15
7
x
15
y
x y
7
2.
trnh: 6 +
60y
12 y
=2 +
.
xy
7x 15y
t t =
x
(t s vn tc t v xe p). Gii ph-ng trnh trn ta -c t = 3 tho
y
mn.
t
A
(gp ln 2)
D
xe p
C
(gp ln 1)
120
120 .121.100
(2.100 (120 1)100)
726000 ng.
2
2
x 1 x1
1
x1
1 x1
)
qu; ng-i th 2 mua: (x
qu;
2 2
2
2
2
2
22
1
x 1 x 1 1 x 1
(x
2 ) 3 qu; ... v ng-i
2
2
2
2
2
khch
hng
th
x 1
27
mua:
qu.
Ta
ph-ng
trnh:
x 1 x 1
x 1
1
1
1
...
x (x 1)( 2 . . . 7 ) x (1)
2
7
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2 7 127
1
128
2
127
x x = 127
128
12
2500 25
27. a) Gi x l t l phi tm, ta c ph-ng trnh: x
, suy ra
2200 22
y
lg 2
y
)
, dng Bng s hoc my tnh ta tnh
1
2 lg(1
100
100
12
-c y 6%
c) Dng lgarit c s 10 th t x = (1,01)12, suy ra lgx = 12lg(1,01), ta tnh
-c x 1,13 ngha l sng s tng l 13%.
OA
OA
=
AC.AB
1
OA 2
tgAOC tgAOB
=
1 tgAOC.tgAOB
1,4
1,4
1,4x
x
=
= 2
3,2.1,8
x 5,76
1
2
x
Xt hm s f(x) =
C
B
1,8
x
1,4x
2
x 5,76
f'(x) =
1,4x 2 1,4.5,76
, f'(x) = 0 x = 2,4
(x 2 5,76) 2
2,4
0
+
f'(x)
+
_
f(x)
0
Vy v tr ng cho gc nhn ln nht l cch mn nh 2,4m.
29. Gi t l thi gian vn chuyn hng ha t cng A n cng D.
Thi gian t l: t =
AC CD AE CE CD
=
=
v1
v2
v1
v2
h
A
h
h. cot g
h
tg
=
sin =
v1
v 2 sin
v1
v2
Xt hm s t()
nht khi cos
h. cot g
h
. ng dng o hm ta -c t() nh
v1
v 2 sin
v2
v
. Vy t nh nht ta chn C sao cho cos 2 .
v1
v1
d
v 0 < x <
2
B
C
d
1
2
2
d 2 8x 2 4 2 x .
2x
y d y
2
2
Suy ra S S(x)
d(2 2 )
1
. S l din tch mt
x d 2 4 2dx 8x 2 vi 0 < x <
4
2
34 3 2
.
16
31. a) Vc t v 0 -c phn
x tch thnh tng ca hai vc t theo hai ph-ng
vung gc vi nhau (ph-ng ngang v ph-ng thng ng) nh- hnh v. Vt cao
f'(x)
v 0 sin
. Vy h ln nht khi
g
v ch khi t
v 0 sin
v khi
g
v sin
maxh = v 0 sin 0
=
g
v 20 . sin 2
.
g
b) V qu o ca vt nm xin l Parabol nn tm nm ca vt -c
v 20 sin 2
v 0 sin
y 3
V V
(2).
hx kx 2
S 2 kx 2 2
h
x
x
y
V
V
2
x
kt hp (1) v (2) ta suy ra
kx 2
kx 2
( k 1)V
. p dng o hm ta c S nh nht khi x
kx
4 kV
k( k 1)V
, h3
.
2
( k 1)
2
k 1
V , khi
2k 2
33. Ti thi im t sau khi xut pht, khong cch gia hai tu l d.
Ta c d2 = AB12 + AA12 = (5 - BB1)2 + AA12 = (5 - 7.t)2 + (6t)2
Suy ra d = d(t) =
85t 2 70t 25 .
B1
p dng o hm ta -c d nh nht
A1
7
khi t
(gi), khi ta c d 3,25 Hi l.
17
x h
(Do KD // BB1)
y b
b( v n v t cos )
bx
h
v t sin
C z Kx
h
vn
Xt hm s y() b(cot g
)
v t sin
B1
D
E
A
vt
.
vn
35. Gi s ng-i cu h v tr C,
cn cu mt ng-i v tr T. Anh ta chn
h2
D
im O l im anh ta xung h. Vi cc
A
h1
B
x 2 h 12
CO OT
v
u
v
( x )2 h 22
u
sin v
.
sin u
E
2
Hh
sin cos
cos
sin
+
.
2
sin
cos 2
Hh
, khi cos =
1
Hh
1
2
Hh
, sin =
1
Hh
2
1 +
Hh
Hh
+ .
AC min = (H - h)
1 + .
Hh
Hh
1
2
2S
2S
x . Xt hm s (x)
x.
x
x
2S
x 2 2S
Ta c (x) = 2 + 1 =
.
x
x2
'
S
=
x
S
.
2
S
th m-ng c dng thu ng hc.
2
y
x
38. Gi h l cao ca n so vi mt bn (h > 0). Cc k hiu r, M, N, , I
nh- Hnh v. Ta c sin
h
v h 2 r 2 a 2 , suy ra c-ng sng l:
r
r2 a2
C C( r ) k
(r a ) . ng dng o hm ta c C ln nht khi v ch khi
r3
a 2
3
, khi h
.
r a.
2
2
r
h
N
a
Ch o hm
y l cng c hu hiu trong vic tm cc tr; tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht
ca hm s.
Thng qua vic dy hc kin thc ny, ta c th cho hc sinh gii nhng bi
ton thc tin kh hp dn v mang nhiu ngha:
V d 1: Mt mn nh ch nht cao 1,4m -c t cao 1,8m so vi tm
mt (tnh u mp d-i ca mn nh). nhn r nht phi xc nh v tr ng
sao cho gc nhn ln nht. Hy xc nh v tr ?
1,4
Vi bi ton ny ta cn xc nh OA gc BOC ln
nht, iu ny xy ra khi v ch khi tgBOC ln nht.
B
1,8
tgAOC tgAOB
OA
OA
=
=
AC.AB
1 tgAOC.tgAOB
1
OA 2
Xt hm s f(x) =
1,4
1,4x
x
=
= 2
.
3,2.1,8
x 5,76
1
x2
1,4x
x 5,76
2
0
+
2,4
0
+
_
f(x)
0
x
y
A
B
d
d
2
d
1
2
2
d 2 8x 2 4 2x
2x
y d y
2
2
Suy ra S S(x)
d(2 2 )
1
, S l din
x d 2 4 2dx 8x 2 vi 0 < x <
4
2
x=
34 3 2
.
16
1
x
1
480
(ngn ng). Ti
.480
x
x
1
.30 = 3 (ngn
10
y x
ca phn th hai v lp ph-ng ca vn tc), suy ra y 0,003x 3 .
3 10
480
0,003 x 3 . p
x