WD10 CCT Config 18nov14

WIRING DESIGN WORKSHOP
MODULE WD10 L.V. CIRCUIT CONFIGURATIONS
I r .
L i m
K i m
T e n
W D W M 1 0 - Ve r s i on 1 1 8 Nove m be r 2 0 1 4
SYNOPSIS L.V. CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION
OBJECTIVES: The Outcome from this module

aims at an understanding and is structured
accordingly:
(a) LV Circuit configuration which follows from
an understanding of TT, TN & IT earthing
systems
(b) LV lighting circuits
(c) Ring circuits and power outlets in LV
WD10-V1 November 2014
REVIEW OF DESIGN PROCEDURE
PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION & EARTHING
Typical Rural Overhead Public Distribution in France.

Earthing at every interval in distribution system.
Malaysia
Exercise: What
is the difference
between the UK
and
Malaysian
System?
UK
Typical TT system. TT is used where distribution over long distance

is the norm e.g. in campus or where multiple sub switch boards
are located in various buildings.
LV DISTRIBUTION - TNS
LV DISTRIBUTION TN
In some cases (older buildings),

the Neutral and PE may be
combined (with earth at ground
floor OR connected from Sub
Switch Board Earth).
This will constitute a TN-C system
10
LV DISTRIBUTION TN-C
Typical TN-C(Neutral & PE Combined)

11
Centre-tap supply systems in LV and ELV are typically TN-C system

12
Centre-tap supply systems in LV and ELV are typically TN-C system

13
LV DISTRIBUTION TN-S
TN-S Neutral & PE Separate.

14

15

16
TN-S Note earth may be located in distribution in TN-S system

(compare with previous where earth is only located at source)..
17
LV DISTRIBUTION TN-C-S
TN-C-S; 3 phase, 4 wire TNC upstream and TNS downstream.

It is NOT allowed the other way (TNS downstream/TNC upstream).
18
LV DISTRIBUTION TN-C-S
TN-C-S; single phase, 2 wire.

19
IT SYSTEM CONTINUITY OF SERVICE
IT system has all live parts isolated from earth or one point
connected to earth through impedance. The exposed conductive
parts (equipment frame which is conductive) of the electrical
installation are earthed independently or collectively or to the
earthing of the system .
IT system are the norm where continuity of service is an essential

criteria, for example in operating theatre of hospital.
Due to the unearthed nature or high earth resistance, in the event

of a fault, fault current will be low and by extension potentially
hazardous contact voltage less serious. This allows the system to
continue operation.
However if a second fault current occurs, then the fault will be

similar to that of the TT system. Due to this, insulation monitoring is
the mode of protection for IT system.
20

Notes:
(i) The system may be
connected to earth
via sufficiently high
impedance; eg at
the neutral point,
artificial neutral point
or a line conductor.
(ii)The neutral may or
may
not
be
distributed.
IT system with all exposed conductive parts interconnected by a

protective conductor which is collectively earthed.
21
IT system with exposed conductive parts earthed in groups or

individually
23
Fixed Installations
Types of wiring
system
Cables and
insulated
conductors
Bare conductors
FINAL SUB CIRCUIT
Circuit use
Power & lighting circuits
Signalling & control circuits
Power circuits
Signalling & control circuits
Conductor
Sectional area
Material
(mm)
Copper
1.5mm
Aluminium
Copper
Copper
Aluminium
Copper
For specific appliance

Connections
with For any other applications
flexible conductors
Extra low voltage circuits for
and cables
special applications
10mm (1)
1.5mm (2)
10mm
16mm
4mm
Specified in
relevant IEC
0.75mm
Copper
0.75mm
Table 6 Minimum cross sectional area of conductors (from table 52-2)

24
FINAL SUB CIRCUIT - LIGHTING
25
FINAL SUB CIRCUIT - LIGHTING
26
FINAL SUB CIRCUIT RING CIRCUIT
27
The number of circuits which can be connected to a ring circuit, while

generally dependent on the estimated appliance load, may be subject
to national restriction both for radial and ring circuit configuration.
The ring circuit configuration is a U.K. practice (as a cost-saving
measure) to wire up as many power outlets as possible in a given
space.
Some national committees may not allow ring configuration or under
specific conditions. In most cases, ring circuit requires fusing at 30A
whilst radial may be fused at 15A (or 13A). In the U.K. ring circuits are
installed under the following conditions:
28
In the U.K. ring circuits are installed under the following conditions:
(a) Each ring shall only serve a space not more than 100m,
(b) Kitchen area shall be served by a separate (or dedicated) ring or
radial circuit,
(c) Fixed equipment such as space heaters, water heaters of capacity
greater than 15 litres, and immersion heaters, should not be fed from
a ring, but provided with their own circuits,
(d) Where ring circuits are used in commerce or industrial application,
assessment on the load diversity shall be made to ensure that the
maximum demand do not exceed the rating of the protective device,
(e) The number of unfused spurs fed from the ring circuit must not
exceed the number of sockets or fixed appliances connected directly
in the ring. Each non-fused spur may feed no more than one single
or one twin socket, or no more than one fixed appliance
WIRING DESIGN WORKSHOP

MODULE WD10 LV CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION
Thank You for Your Attention
I r .
L i m
K i m
T e n
PLANNING AN URBAN TRANSITION

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WIRING DESIGN WORKSHOP

MODULE WD10 L.V. CIRCUIT CONFIGURATIONS

SYNOPSIS L.V. CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION

OBJECTIVES: The Outcome from this module

WD10-V1 November 2014

REVIEW OF DESIGN PROCEDURE

WD10-V1 November 2014

WD10-V1 November 2014

PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION & EARTHING

Typical Rural Overhead Public Distribution in France.

WD10-V1 November 2014

PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION & EARTHING

PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION & EARTHING

Typical TT system. TT is used where distribution over long distance

WD10-V1 November 2014

In some cases (older buildings),

WD10-V1 November 2014

Typical TN-C(Neutral & PE Combined)

Centre-tap supply systems in LV and ELV are typically TN-C system

Centre-tap supply systems in LV and ELV are typically TN-C system

TN-S Neutral & PE Separate.

TN-S Neutral & PE Separate.

TN-S Neutral & PE Separate.

TN-S Note earth may be located in distribution in TN-S system

TN-C-S; 3 phase, 4 wire TNC upstream and TNS downstream.

TN-C-S; single phase, 2 wire.

IT SYSTEM CONTINUITY OF SERVICE

IT system are the norm where continuity of service is an essential

Due to the unearthed nature or high earth resistance, in the event

However if a second fault current occurs, then the fault will be

WD10-V1 November 2014

IT SYSTEM CONTINUITY OF SERVICE

IT system with all exposed conductive parts interconnected by a

IT SYSTEM CONTINUITY OF SERVICE

IT system with exposed conductive parts earthed in groups or

WD10-V1 November 2014

FINAL SUB CIRCUIT

For specific appliance

Table 6 Minimum cross sectional area of conductors (from table 52-2)

FINAL SUB CIRCUIT - LIGHTING

WD10-V1 November 2014

FINAL SUB CIRCUIT - LIGHTING

WD10-V1 November 2014

FINAL SUB CIRCUIT RING CIRCUIT

WD10-V1 November 2014

FINAL SUB CIRCUIT RING CIRCUIT

The number of circuits which can be connected to a ring circuit, while

WD10-V1 November 2014

FINAL SUB CIRCUIT RING CIRCUIT

WIRING DESIGN WORKSHOP

Thank You for Your Attention

PLANNING AN URBAN TRANSITION

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