5G

is Coming Are You Ready?

2016 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Drivers & Requirements: the most diverse in any generation!

4G purposed mainly for VIDEO

IMT-2020

eMBB The I oE Ultra Reliable Low Latency

Enhanced Mobile Broadband

Video, video and more video! 8K Ultra High

Definition will be available around 2020 driving
2600x traffic of 2010

The internet of everything

Massive Machine Type Communications!

50 Billion+ things across a dozen industries,
unsynchronized, all talking at the same time

Ultra Reliable Communications

Ubiquitous support of Mission Critical Applications

New levels of life interactive experiences shaping
new wireless requirements

Very Low Latency Experience

Real time interaction with environments is crucial

to engagement of human beings (Tactile Internet)

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Drivers & Requirements: Nearing international consensus

4G purposed mainly for VIDEO

IMT-2020

LTE

LTE-A

50Mbps
150Mbps

500Mbps
1Gbps

Spectral Efficiency:

16.32

30

Carrier Bandwidth:

upto20MHz

upto100MHz

~10ms

~5ms

Peak D ata Rate:

Latency (RTT):

eMBB The I oE Ultra Reliable Low Latency

<1millisecond
latency
(when needed)

10-50Gbps peak
data rates

90% Energy
reduction per
service

100-500MHz Carrier
Bandwidth

Higher Density:
Millions of
connections per
km 2

Higher Traffic
Volume:
1-10 Tbps per km 2

Rapid S ervice
Creation
(from days to
minutes)

Sustainable Total
Cost of Owner for
all players

User Definable
Security & Privacy

*Key requirements harmonized & agreed in ITU-R WP5D

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The Players: organized well across industry and academia

5G discussion is international and standardization activities will start next year!

Europe

Asia

Americas

Horizon 2 020 5GPPP P rogram (InterDigital Europe)

EU FP7 P rogram METIS, 5 GNOW, MAMMOET, etc.
5G Innovation Center (5GIC) University of Surrey
Korean 5 G Forum Initiative, Korea (InterDigital Asia)
IMT-2020 (5G) P romotion Group, China
ARIB 2 020 & Beyond Ad Hoc Group, Japan
Leading 5G Universities: NYU, MIT, Berkeley, Stanford
Various NSF P rojects: FIA P rogram, Xdensification
Intel Strategic Research Alliance, Qualcomm Institute

International
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5G Roadmap: with key international event drivers

InterDigital Vision 2020, Creating The Living Network, 5G
Vision

Evaluation

Proposals
WRC-19

Requirements
WRC-15

Specification

5G R esearch, Prototyping, Trials ( 5GPPP, 5G F orum, etc.)

Rel 12

Rel 13

Rel 16

Rel 15

Rel 14

LTE Advanced Pro and NB-IoT Standardization continues

5G New R adio(s)
Studies

5G Phase 1

802.11ax S tandard ( <6GHz)

High Efficiency ( HE) Wi-Fi

802.11ay S tandard ( mmWave)

WiGig3.0

Winter Olympics: Korea

2014

2015
5

2016

5G PRODUCTS &
DEPLOYMENT START!

5G Phase 2

2017

2018

Summer Olympics: Japan

2019

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2020

2021

FIFA World Cup: Qatar

2022

2023

5G A Path Long Travelled

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5G - Services Subsystem

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Services: the evolution to the smarter, living network

5G will deliver next level of experience and enabling business models
Wave 1 (Voice)
Glory days
of G SM

Wave 2 (Visual)
Walled garden
worries!

IMS
promises

5G:The Living Network

A new
status quo

Rise of the OTT

The living
experience
The video
experience

Integrated
telephony
applications

Rise of the
mobile internet

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New services, new

business models

Services: business models must

and will change in 5G
5G may simply not happen unless a happy consensus
is reached here

What Over the Top Players want?

Access to subscriber information including phone t ypes, history, etc.
Real time knowledge of network conditions & level of quality of service
Ability to manage the quality of service on application, user basis

What Mobile Operators want?

Sell new services and key assets such as quality of service, status, etc.
Monetize secure and scalable XaaS hosting services for OTT customers
Grow t heir business in a predictable & sustainable way enabling 5G potential

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What needs to
happen
New broad innovation
(in 4G & 5G) in the
area of networking
technology to enable
flexible models that
may be equitably
leveraged by both
operators and OTT

Services: the IoE is a new frontier but a very similar story

A wealth o f rich d ata remains closed b ehind legacy and h ighly fragmented silos common today
across most vertical industries (e.g. transport, energy)
The o pening o f this d ata in an economical way will enable a leap in context awareness that will
serve to d rive the d eep fabric o f 5G n etwork o peration

Where the many verticals

are stalled today
M2M IoE
Evolution

Service/App.
Enablement

Managed
Data

Management Services

Management Services

Connectivity

Connectivity

Connectivity

Devices

Devices

Devices

(1) Yesterday

(2) Today

(3) Tomorrow

10

2016 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5G- Network Subsystem

12

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Network: and in the beginning there was virtualization

5G will be about more of this (deeper virtualization, broader usage of SDN)
and the second
all IP

Circuit Switching

the era of
Convergence
giving us 800#,
voicemail, Caller
ID and G SM!
Emergence of
Intelligent Networking
(SS#7/AIN)
Break up of Bell
system in USA
1982
13

Emergence of Soft
Switch Technology
(MGCP, MEGACO, SIP)
STEP2 : Separate CONTROL
and DATA planes
(Commodity Hardware)

STEP1 : Separate SERVICE

logic from switching
Infrastructure

Mid 80s

the third & not last

Mid 90s+
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The Internet Protocol Rubicon

First wave of virtualization

Emergence of NFV and

SDN Technology
NFV : Separate SERVICE logic
from HW Platform
SDN: Separate CONTROL
and DATA planes

NFV=Network Function Virtualization,

SDN=Software Defined Networking

Mid/Late 00s+

Network Subsystem: other key themes of today that will

continue to shape the 5G world of tomorrow

14

Cloudification &
Virtualization

5G will leverage this tech across and deeper into its

architecture and business models

Deep Content &

Information Management

5G requirements will push traditional web functionality

(e.g. caching ) deeper into both the network &
wireless subsystems

Contextualization

5G infinite bandwidth but it may deliver a perception

of it through integrated contextual awareness of needs

2016 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5G Emerging Technologies in the network subsystem

15

Software Defined
Networking

SDN is an approach to networking in which routing control is

decoupled from the physical infrastructure enabling a networking
fabric across multi-vendor e quipment

Network Function
Virtualization

NFV moves network services out of dedicated hardware devices

into software. Functions that in the past required specialized
hardware devices can now be performed on standard x86 servers

2016 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5G Emerging Technologies in the network subsystem

16

SDN/NFV
Orchestration

The new network operating s ystem. Supports lifecycle management, g lobal

resource management, validation and authorization of new requests, policy
management, s ystem analytics, interface management

Fog Computing
Edge Computing

Extends cloud computing and s ervices to the edge of the network and into
devices. Similar to cloud, f og provides network, compute, storage ( caching)
and s ervices to end users. The distinguishing f eature of F og reduces latency
& improves QoS resulting in a superior user experience

Contextual Networking

5G may not deliver infinite bandwidth but it may well deliver a reasonable
perception thereof CN includes all categories of analytics ( behavioral,
predictive, etc.) & cross layer techniques applied to enable the more
efficient and just in time use network capacity

Information Centric
Networking

ICN directly routes and delivers named pieces of content at the packet level
of the network, enabling automatic and application-neutral caching in
memory wherever its located in the network. The result? Improved mobility,
security, privacy, resiliency, multicast support, etc.
2016 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5G Wireless Subsystem

17

2016 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Wireless Subsystem: and in the beginning there was 9.6kbps!

2G Narrowband Era

3G Broadband Era (for the few)

4G and for the masses

2012+

IMT-A

IMT-2000

Really quite amazing when you stop and think about it

LTE-A
LTE*

100,000X on
GSM Phase 1

HSPA+
1990+

HSPA
WCDMA

GSM-EDGE
9.6kbps
GSM Phase 1
UL=118Kbps
DL=236Kbps

384Kbps
2Mbps

5.7Mbps
14Mbps

11.5Mbps
42Mbps

50Mbps
150Mbps

500Mbps
1Gbps

Spectral Efficiency:

0.17-0.33
(Bit/s/Hz)

0.51

2.88

12.5

16.32

30

Carrier Bandwidth:

200kHz

5MHz

5MHz

5MHz

upto20MHz

upto100MHz

Latency (RTT):

300ms

250ms

~70ms

~30ms

~10ms

~5ms

Peak D ata Rate:

LTE Category 4

17

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Wireless Subsystem: the spectral efficiency path

5G will be about more of this: more MIMO, new coding & interference reduction

Reuse=1

Historical Approach:
Reduce Eb/No
through fundamental
generational advances

3G

0.1

Spectral Efficiency [bit/s/Hz]

Spectral Efficiency [bit/s/Hz]

Shannon limit

10

10

LTE PEAK RATE

4G

0.1

2G

3G

Shannon limit

Current/Future
Path Forward:
Spatial multiplexing
(MIMO), interference
reduction and better
coding gains

2G

1G
0.01

0 10 20 30 40

0.01

Eb/No [dB]

Eb/No [dB]
(Note: as bit rate r ises Eb/No must decrease t o maintain/improve S NR)

18

0 10 20 30 40

(Note: F urther r eductions in Eb/No v ery hard as t heoretical limit approached)

2016 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Main driver of
capacity growth
last 50 years

Broadcast

Cellular

Microcell

Picocell

Nano

Network
Densification

Femto

Proximity
Services

WiFi

Higher
Frequencies

2000x

Wireless Subsystem:
the small cell path
5G will be about more of this:
ultra dense, mmW cells, D2D
communications
This j ourney h as a few more
stops to go!

It has always been about small and

smaller cells

Todays systems are all a patchwork of

coverage and capacity cells where
capacity is delivered by a
heterogeneous mix of small cells

This space is likely to be a key

battleground in the next generation race
(remember LTE versus WIMAX, place
your bets now for 5G)

Number of cells

20x

Radio D esign

20

25x

More Spectrum

2016 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Wireless Subsystem: other key themes of today that will

continue to shape the 5G world of tomorrow (1 of 2)

20

New Spectrum
Allocations

New spectrum allocated at MWC15 <6GHz and further

allocations planned at MWC19 in high frequencies (>24GHz)

More Flexible
Spectrum

5G will build in new capabilities to better support more

efficient usage models

Energy Efficiency

Energy efficiency will be a more significant driver in 5G than

in any previous generation

2016 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Wireless Subsystem: other key themes of today that will

continue to shape the 5G world of tomorrow (2 of 2)

21

Heterogeneous
Networking

5G will add new dimensions including new categories of small

cells, coop comms.

Self Organization
Backhaul Flexibility

5G will blur definitions of access, fronthaul & backhaul delivering

long promised wireless mesh

Cloudification
Virtualization

5G will leverage this tech across and deeper into its architecture
and business models

2016 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5G Radio and Spectrum

23

2016 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5G a tale of two
spectrums: Small,
smaller and tiny cells
A tale of two integrated
wireless subsystems

WRC15

EVO: Below 6GHz with more

aggregation of legacy bands,
better coordination, and
greater MIMO, etc.

WRC19

Below 6 GHz

Above 6 GHz

700 - 2300 2300 6000

MHz
MHz
1200 MHz spectrum

Up to 5 GHz spectrum

(licensed & Unlicensed; H armonized)

Up to 100 MHz BW
FDD/TDD
Macro cells
Long symbol duration

23

60 - 70
GHz

20 - 50
GHz

(mostly licensed; Not harmonized)

Up to 200 MHz BW
FDD/TDD
Marco/small cells
Long symbol duration

70 - 80
GHz

REVO: mmW with large chunks of

contiguous bandwidth, dynamic
meshing, massive MIMO, etc.

Up to 24 GHz spectrum

(mostly unlicensed; H armonized)

Up to 1 GHz BW
TDD (priority)
Small cells
Short symbol duration

Up to 2 GHz BW
TDD (priority)
Small cells
Short symbol duration

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23

Millimeter Wave R&D Vision

mmW
backhaul

The Technology Solution for 5G Small Cell

Access and Backhaul

mmW
access

Capacity growth beyond what emerging Small Cell

and Spectrum Sharing solutions can provide

Next G
eNB Traditional
Cellular
Link

100x 1000x growth!

Innovation and Core Technology

5G Access

Wireless Mesh Backhaul

D

A
G

C
B

mmW Phase A rray MAC & PHY

Radio and A ntenna Algorithms
Earliest Commercialization Timeline
25

2016

Full mmH
Architecture

2020
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2023

5G Air Interface: shaping the new four letter acronym

Advanced waveforms
and multiple access

More flexible w aveforms

than pure OFDM ( e.g. F -
OFDM; F BMC; etc.)

Non-orthogonal multiple
access

Broader set of
modulation and coding
schemes

Advanced antenna and

multi-site technologies

3D-beamforming and
MU-MIMO

Active Antenna S ystem

(AAS)

Massive MIMO

Network MIMO ( Adv.

CoMP)

Novel d uplexing
schemes

Joint TDD-FDD operation

Dynamic TDD

Single channel full

duplexing

Advanced interference coordination and cancellation techniques

Flexible functional split ( virtualization / cloudification)
Flexible backhauling and joint optimization w ith access

26

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New and flexible

spectrum u sage

New large spectrum at

mmW frequencies

Carrier Aggregation of
discontinuous bands

Dual band split user and

control plane

Joint m ulti-RATs
management

Cognitive techniques
(Spectrum S ensing)

5G Emerging Technologies in the wireless subsystem

27

Advanced
waveforms

Alternatives to pure OFDM such as F-OFDM, FBMC, and UW-OFDM, are

motivated for flexible design with variable numerology for supporting a
multiplex of different services (e.g. eMBB, uMTC, mMTC).

Advanced
MIMO

The use of a very large number of antennas is proposed as a means to

achieve very high throughput and spectral efficiency per area. Both co-
located and distributed architectures are envisaged, with co-located
massive MIMO particularly appealing to high frequency bands (thanks
to the narrow beams and small form factor).

Millimeter
Wave

Millimeter Wave spectrum (20-80GHz) offers large chunks (up to 2GHz)

of contiguous bandwidth, which makes it suitable for ultra-high
throughput and low latency scenarios.

2016 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5G Emerging Technologies in the wireless subsystem

28

Flexible duplexing

Flexible duplexing s uch as joint TDD-FDD, dynamic TDD, and potentially single channel
full duplexing are key tools f or optimizing or adapting the spectrum sharing in downlink
and uplink in accordance with the variable traffic needs.

Carrier Aggregation
of discontinuous
bands

Carrier Aggregation of discontinuous bands could allow wider bandwidth to be used

and hence s ignificantly increase the s ystem capacity. This technology is already adopted
in LTE-A, though extensions are f urther expected in 5G, including cognitive capabilities
(e.g. spectrum sensing, database access, etc.)

Flexible and high

capacity backhaul

Flexible and high capacity backhaul integrating multiple technologies ( e.g. optical,
wireless including mmW) is necessary to cope with the technology trends f or 5G radio
interface. Multi-technology resources pooling, dynamic topology ( re)formation ( e.g.
dynamic meshing), and efficient context-aware resource s cheduling are key f eatures.

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InterDigital 5G Vision
Mobile World Congress 2016

29

2016 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

InterDigital 5G Vision: The Living Network Vision is realized

Driven by a diverse array of 5G S ervices

THE LIVING NETWORK

IMMERSIVE VIDEO

THE LIVING NETWORK

MISSION CRITICAL

TACTILE INTERNET
M2M IOT
Enabled by the 5G programmable Infrastructure
CONTENT MANAGEMENT
MULTI TENANCY
POLICY

ANALYTICS

ICN

NEW R OUTING

NETWORK OS ( ORCHESTRATION LAYER)

NFV

SDN

VIRTUALIZATION LAYER
Powered by a 5G virtual resource pool
MacroCell R esource Pool:
Cloud RAN
Processing

Remote
Radios

Mobile Relays

Satellite
Optical

Region Cache
Units

mmW
Hotspots

D2D Comms

Deep Edge
Compute

SmallCell R esource Pool:

Ultra Dense
Cells

WiFi Evolution

Core Wireless Tech.

New Waveforms
Massive MIMO
Flexible Spectrum
Multi-RAT Aggregate
Mesh Networking
Novel Duplexing

Sensors + Things: Providing essential driving context (the big data!)

Smart TRANSPORT

Smart ENERGY

Smart HEALTH

Smart HOMES

Smart CITIES

ICN=Information Centric Networking, SDN=Software Defined Networking, NFV=Network Function Virtualization, D2D=Device to Device Comms
30

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