Professional Documents
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Sekeloa-
1. Introduction
Bandung is the capital of West Java has been a thriving city that led to this area
filled with people from outside and inside the city. Bandung total population is
2,483,977 people, composed of 1,260,565 male and 1,223,412 female
[1].Infrastructure development built if not taken into account the geo hazard potential
near the river can cause disaster to occur resulting in damages and casualties. The
disaster potential in Bandung City can be clustered according to locations, namely in
the northern, central and southern areas of Bandung City. The study focused on the
analysis of disaster potential in the northern area of Bandung City. There are several
disasters that occurred in the northern Bandung City recently that caused casualties
and material losses, such as landslides, flash floods, and annual inundations are
commonly called "Cileuncang Flood". Landslides have occurred, namely in the area of
Mekarsaluyu and Dago which caused casualties, on the upstream side at Dago Resort
which suffered minor landslides and cracks in the road. The flood caused three houses
damaged by mud which rise up to one meter in area of Awiligar. Cileuncang flood
usually occurs during the rainy season in October-March, these floods occur suddenly
due to torrential rain. Geomorphic hazards [2] must be regarded as a threat to human
life, this is due to the instability of the earths surface features. The threat arises from
landform response to superficial processes, although the initiating processes may
originate at great distances from the surface. It can be stated there is a strong
relationship between disaster and the geological setting of an area as well as the
existence settlements in the area. Human beings as agents of change can cause
instability to the earth. The study area can be identified in the disaster-prone areas
based on geological setting and the previous disasters that have occurred.
3. Study Method
Research location areas are where frequent inundation occurred annually at
Northen part of Bandung City. The research area covers Sekeloa on the Western part
and Bojongkoneng on the Eastern part. The study location [3] lies in the
geomorphological area with undulating hills, which occupies the area with an altitude
between 650-1000 meters above sea level and the slopes are between 3-15 degrees.
Lithology at the study site is derived from the lithology of volcanic products
irreducibly that aged early in the Quaternary to late Quaternary and consisted of
volcano breccia, lava, sand tuff and conglomerate derived from Cikidang formation,
Cikapundung formation and intrusive rocks of andesite and basalt. The study used
regional stratigraphy [4] The study area is part of the Bandung basin stratigraphy. The
research location is also a product of young volcanic deposition (QYU) [5]. The rock
units [6] is known as Cibereum formation and Cikidang formation. Detailed formation
in the area around the study site are Cibeureum formation consists of volcanic
breccias and tuff, which has a thickness of 0-180 meters, age Late PlioceneHolocene. The Cikidang formation is composed of volcanic rock conglomerate, coarse
tuff and volcanic breccia, basalt lava flows, old Pleistocene. Kosambi formation or
Lake deposite formation consists of clays tuff, tuffaceous siltstone and tuffaceous sand
which has a thickness of 10-125 m, the last Pleistocene to Holocene. The latter is
Colovium rock as a result of transportation deposit consisted of igneous rocks, sand
tuffaceous and all non-lithification.
The research is conducted in several steps. First, geomorphological and
geological aspect of research area is identified by using remote sensing or geospatial
data and secondary data i.e.: lithology, bore, geological structure, and historical
geology. Based on the identification the entire region of study area can be categorized
and zoned. It is assumed that each zone has similarities i.e.: genesis, composition,
geologic structure, and relief type. Thus, it can be assumed that each zone is divided
based on its geological condition and geo hazard type that have occurred in the past.
Furthermore, there are coring well data from Cigadung area, to find out the rocks type
and depth. The figure 1 describe the research procedure.
Remote
Sensing
Secondary
Data
Primary
Data
Zoning:
Geological condition
Geohazard
type
Identification
Categorization
Previous Studies
The inundation simulation for urban drainage study [7] calculated the detailed
inundation zones and depths due to the surcharged water on overland surface. This is
somewhat similar to the current study, in which detailed zonation was conducted.
Another study [8] have found that the urbanized area have an impact on runoff and
will cause flood and inundation in the area. The parameters used are different than this
study, in which the previous study [9] have parameters such as rainfall intensity, landuse type, and soil type. the research is on groundwater pattern and it provides the
historical background secondary data for Dago area. In this current study it can be
depicted the current changes of groundwater pattern from 2000 to 2015.
2. Results and Discussions
2.1. Geomorphological and Geological Setting
The research site is at the foot of the mountain and located in the southern
area of Lembang Fault which is currently active. Landform is volcanic hills that
extends from North to South. The river flow patterns is parallel to the hills. Based on
the map of Ujung Berung [10], the research area have three rivers, which are Cidurian,
Cilimus and Ciharalang river. They come together forming the Cidurian River.
Interpretation of topographic maps, imagery SRTM (Shuttle Radar
Topographic Mission), the image of DEM (Digital Elevation Model), and direct
observations in the field are conducted. In general, it is found that study area
topography consisted of denudational and incised valley that extends from Northeast
Southwest direction. Surface elevation is about 709 -1457 meters above sea level. The
Cigadung river and Ciborete river pattern flows from the Northeastern to Southwest
direction, but due to the differences in lithology contact direction flow direction
changed to the East. The change of flow occurred in the elevation between 730-745
meters above sea level. The catchment area has a sub-parallel shape that relatively
flows from the North to the South.
In the Eastern side, Cidurian River is the largest river in the area. It has
varieties of rocks on the Western and Eastern area. Based on observations of
topographic maps, imagery SRTM, DEM, and field observations, geomorphology
units in the study area can be divided into 3 units[11] [12]which are: 1). Old volcanic
product Cikapundung formation unit, 2). Young volcanic product Cikidang Formation
unit,and 3). Lake deposite Kosambi formation unit. Cikapundung formation lithology
consisted of rocks breccia volcanic transformation from several types of rocks. It is
laharic in nature consisted of several material, has high rate of weathering so the rock
dominantly are clay in nature with material in the size of pebble.
Lithology in the area is comprised of coarse sandstone unit from the
Cikidang formation containing pumice and are yellowish brown in color. The rock
units are located in the area include Coblong, Cigadung, Dago Station stretching to the
eastern border of Awiligar and Rancakendal which forms the ridge. In several places
there are laharic breccias which have elongated form stretching far. The rock units are
located in the region of Awiligar up to Bojongkoneng and also borders in the northern
part of the research site. The lake deposit consisted of fine sands, clay and silt found in
rivers around Cigadung and Rancakendal, i.e. Cidurian rivers and Cidurian tributaries.
The Breccias laharic derived from rock from volcanic product and lavas contained in
the elongated ridges. Weathering from Cikapundung formation has the thickness of
5-10 m. The weathering can change into impermiable, so the rain water runoff is high.
This is obtained from the double ring infiltrometer 1.2x10-5 cm/sec.
There are three wells in the research area, which are: well SPR 01 has
elevation of 778 msl, well SPR02 has the elevation 802 msl dan well SPR 03 has
elevation of 808 msl. Based on the drilling data from the wells, it can be found
different characteristics of rocks and environmental facies seen from the
characteristics of each rock layer found in each drill hole. The results of geological
mapping and measurements in the field Cikapundung, Cikidang and Kosambi
Formation is found [13].
fully saturated, weathering Brecia with lower aquifer. The lava is in poor hydraulic
connection with the crinkle crag, forming a single aquifer with anisotropic properties
which forms the base for the groundwater system.
Predominantly sandy tuff volcanic ash (Qpu't) is the result of a young
volcano, Mount Maras, which spread widely in the Western area of research known as
Cikidang formation. Its rock composed of lava basalt, conglomerate, volcanic, rough
tufa and volcanic breccias. Based on permeability testing in the field, it has a value
between compile tufa sand which is brown, fine-grained to coarse and contains
components sized pumice gravel with an angled shape. Pumice tuff being spread in
most area at Cigadung-Rancakendal tufa rock sand was SPR_01 drilling 60 meters
deep and 80 meters SPR_02 indicates that tufa layer thickness ranges between depths
of 30 -70 (wells SPR_01) and 12-60 on the amount of wells SPR_02 permeability
value in both sites range between 8:17 x 10-3 - 4.68 x 10-2 cm / sec.
The disaster that occurred in the areas follows: flood in the river valley
region Cidurian Awiligar in 2007 resulted in three houses submerged in water due to
the construction of golf courses in the resort dago; small avalanche at Resort Dago
area, occurred in 2010, 2012, 2013, and landslides on housing development in the hills
South Dago killed 2 person in 2015 [16].
Recharge (m3/sec)
Precipitation (mm)
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Preciptitation (mm)
Recharge (m3/sec)
2.500
2.000
1.500
1.000
0.500
01-Jan
11-Apr
20-Jul
Days
28-Okt