Working with Imagery in ArcGIS 10

Jennifer Kuntz

Overview of Presentation

Imagery Overview

Display Looks Great, Draws Quickly

- Image Analysis Window
- Acceleration

Process
- Image Analysis Window (part 2)
- Data Extraction

Manage

Serve

What is imagery in ArcGIS?

Imagery is raster data

-

Aerial photography

Satellite imagery

Thermal imagery

Digital elevation models

Scanned maps

Land classification

Surfaces created
from analysis

Adding Imagery and Raster Data

File on disk

Geodatabase
Mosaic dataset

Stored like a raster catalog

With more capabilities

Metadata is stored in attributes

User experience like a raster dataset

Adding Imagery and Raster Data

ArcGIS Online

Image Service

Map Service

WCS / WMS Service

Raster Properties

Data source
-

Raster information
-

Top, bottom, left and right extents

Spatial reference
-

Information about the pixels

Extent
-

Type of file and location

Coordinate system information

Statistics
-

Min, max, mean, and standard deviation (per band)

Raster Datasets - Properties

Pyramids
-

Reduced resolution copies of the source

Improve display performance

Support three resample methods

Can be compressed (new)

set in GeoProcessing environment

Statistics
-

Enhance visual display

Factor of 2

Nearest
neighbor

Unstretched:
Min: 24
Max: 241

Build Pyramids and Statistics tool (new)

Bilinear
interpolation

Cubic
convolution

Stretched:
Min: 0
Max: 255

Display

Displaying Raster Data

Renderers
-

Display your data with a renderer that makes your data

look good

Image Analysis window

-

Common capabilities in one easy to access location

Stretched renderer

Often used for elevation, satellite and aerial imagery

Default: when raster has more than 25 unique values

-

Stretches values along a color ramp

Stretched renderer
NEW at ArcGIS 10

Percent clip stretch

Advanced labeling

RGB renderer

Often used for satellite imagery and aerial photos

Default: Raster has 3 or more bands

-

Displays each band through a different color (Red, Green,

and Blue)

Unique Values renderer

Often used for land use and scanned maps

Default: Raster has fewer than 25 unique values

-

Uses random colors for individual values

Unique Values renderer

NEW at ArcGIS 10

Create a custom CLR file

Colormap renderer

Often used for land use and soil maps for

consistency

Default: Colormap is present

-

Uses pre-chosen colors for individual values

1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=

= 255 , 255 , 50
= 0 , 0 , 175
= 255 , 175 , 20
= 135 , 90 , 0
= 120 , 215 , 0
= 0 , 100 , 15
= 100, 220 , 255

Classified renderer

Often used for grouping data values

Not a default renderer; can be used for single band

data

Places ranges of pixels into separate categories

Image Analysis window

Many rendering and processing tools to

make your imagery work easier and
faster

You are able to change the following

display parameters:
-

effects tools

symbology tools (gamma level, DRA, stretch,

etc)

choose the resampling method

accelerate raster

Raster Display

Processing and Analyzing

Processing raster data in ArcGIS

Combining bands

Clipping

Mosaicking

Pansharpening

Orthorectifying

Combining Bands

Combine many images into a multi-band raster

Input bands can be from a single or multiple band

raster dataset

Composite with geoprocessing

tool or Image Analysis window
Composite Bands

Clipping

Clip a portion of raster to fit your study area

Clip with geoprocessing tools or with Export Data

dialog window

Clip on-the-fly with Image Analysis window

-

Also able to mask (instead of clip)

Clip

Mosaicking

Combine two more adjacent and overlapping rasters

together

Many mosaic geoprocessing tools:

Workspace to raster dataset

Raster catalog to raster dataset

Mosaicking on-the-fly
-

Mosaic button on the Image Analysis window

Mosaic dataset (virtual mosaic)

Pansharpening

Fuse a low resolution RGB image with a high

resolution panchromatic image
-

Output is a high resolution color image

Geoprocessing tool, raster symbology tab, or Image

Analysis window

Orthorectify

Display an image with more accuracy

-

Requires an image with sensor model and an elevation

source

Geoprocessing tool, raster display tab, or Image

Analysis window

Image Analysis window

Colormap to RGB
NDVI
Clip

Pan-sharpening

Difference

Orthorectify
Export data
Shaded relief

Mask
Composite
bands

Mosaic
Filter

Image Classification

Spatial Analyst Extension

Extract classes from multiband raster imagery

Supervised or unsupervised

Image Classification toolbar

Raster Analysis

Manage

Imagery Management Challenges

Many sources

High resolution and large volume

Requirements:
-

Store efficiently

Easy to search

Fast to process

Accessible

ArcGIS 10 Image Management Recommendations

Manage individual images using raster datasets

Manage image collections using new mosaic

datasets

Licensing

Mosaic Dataset
-

View: ArcView license

Create / edit: ArcInfo/ArcEditor license

Serve: ArcGIS server + Image extension license

Raster Dataset
-

View: ArcView license

Create / edit: ArcInfo/ArcEditor license

Serve: ArcGIS server

Raster Datasets Recommendations

Use it as is
-

Especially for compressed formats

Better performance
-

Convert to tiled TIFF using the CopyRaster tool

JPEG compressed TIFF if lossy compression is allowed

File Geodatabase raster dataset is also a comparable

format

Managing Imagery Collections

Solution in 9.3 is raster catalog

- image service definition

Solution in 10 is mosaic dataset

Raster Catalogs

A data model for managing a collection of images in

9.3
-

Stores footprints and rasters in a table

Managed/unmanaged

Uses
-

Catalog images and maintain overlaps

Search based on attributes and location

Access selected members

Display footprint/pixel view

Limitations
-

Do not support sensor data and metadata

No overview

Cant be served by ArcGIS server

Mosaic Datasets - New Geodatabase Data Model

Manage and serve collection of images

-

Supported in SDE/FGDB/PGDB

Does not load source pixels into geodatabase,

instead references imagery

Manage data with an internal raster catalog

Displays like a raster dataset

On-the-fly image processing

Mosaic
Dataset

Mosaic Dataset rendering

Footprint view
-

View the minimum bounding rectangle for each raster

Mosaic Dataset rendering

Rendering pixels similar to a raster dataset

-

Level of detail like scale dependency

Overviews like pyramids

1 : 25 000

1 : 100 000

Mosaic Dataset Storage Catalog Table

OID

Shape

Raster

Name

LowPS

HighPS

MinPS

MaxPS

Category

Polygon

<Raster>

P01.met

10

30

90

Primary

Polygon

<Raster>

P02.met

10

30

90

Primary

Polygon

<Raster>

filename1.tif

90

90

90

270

Overviews

A special raster catalog

-

Shape field stores the footprints

Raster field stores raster dataset information

Function raster datasets

-

Contains functions and input of the functions

Defined by raster type and populated when rasters are

added

MinPS and MaxPS define the visible ranges of the

rasters

Mosaic Dataset Mosaic Rules

Closest to the center

Control which raster/pixels to display

Mosaic method to sort the rasters

Closest to center (default)

By attribute

Closest to nadir

North west

Seamline

Mosaic operator to resolve the overlaps

-

First/Min/Max/Mean/Blend

By attribute: cloud cover

Mosaic dataset: on-the-fly processing

Imagery processed as it is accessed

Can create multiple products from one source

Processing

Image enhancement

Combine bands

Color correction

Orthorectification

Pan-sharpen

Shaded relief, hillshade

Define processing functions

-

On each raster dataset

On a mosaic dataset

Mosaic Datasets - Advantages

Processing Time
Reduces processing

Scalable
Catalog large image collections

Storage
Eliminates redundancy

Seamless Display
at all scales

Sensor support
Support multiple sensors

Preserves information
Overlapping Imagery

Maintenance
Streamlines image updates

Metadata
Maintains valuable information

Disparate Datasets
Manages large NoData areas

Image Quality
Reduces resampling

Data Management Recommendations

Use your existing data model if they continue to meet

your existing application requirements

Use the mosaic dataset for new applications

Migrate to the mosaic dataset to take advantages of

its new features

Mosaic Dataset Usage

A composite layer of
-

Boundary/Footprint/Image

Use as a catalog
-

Search images

View metadata

Add selected images to Map

Time aware

Use as a raster dataset

-

Display like a raster layer

Export a raster dataset

Use as an input to geoprocessing tool

Serve as an image service

Using Mosaic Datasets

Build a Mosaic Dataset

In ArcCatalog

Mosaic dataset toolset

Automate with model and python

Typical workflow
-

Create a mosaic dataset

Add rasters
-

Calculate cell size range

Build boundary

Build overviews (optional)

Edit properties (optional)

Build a Mosaic Dataset - Create

Create table schema and define pixel properties

Spatial reference (required)
-

Used in footprints and overviews

Define a proper one

Datum consideration

Number of bands
-

Taken from the first added raster

Pixel type
-

Taken from the first added raster

Build a Mosaic Dataset Add Rasters

Use Add Rasters to Mosaic Dataset

tool

Choose a raster type

Define the format to crawl

Metadata to read and fields to create

Processes to apply

Support many raster types

-

Raster Dataset/NITF/CADRG/etc.

QB/IKONOS/GeoEYE/WorldView/etc

Web Services

Table/Image Service Definition

Build a Mosaic Dataset Overviews

Resampled rasters
-

Multiple levels

Multiple tiles for each level

Seamless image display

Overview: 180m
(range: 180-1800)

Overviews: 60m
(range:60-180)
Sources: 20m
(range: 0-20)

PS=100

Build a Mosaic Dataset Overviews (Cont)

OID

Shape

Raster

Name

LowPS

HighPS

MinPS

MaxPS

Category

Polygon

<Raster>

P01.met

10

30

90

Primary

Polygon

<Raster>

P02.met

10

30

90

Primary

Polygon

<Raster>

filename1.tif

90

90

90

900

Overviews

Polygon

<Raster>

filename2.tif

90

90

90

900

Overviews

Build Overviews tool

-

Generate overview images

Define Overviews tool

-

Redefine the default parameters

Optionally add an external raster as overview

Default overview parameters:

TIFF format with JPEG

Size is 5120x5120
Factor of 3
Overview location

Building a Mosaic Dataset Managing Background

Footprint
-

Build Footprint tool

Edit using Editor

Import using Import Mosaic Dataset

Geometry tool

Use footprint

Define NoData
-

Set NoData based on a value

Set NoData based on a range

Use NoData

Building a Mosaic Dataset Update

Add new rasters

-

Use Add Raster tool

Use Synchronize Mosaic Dataset

tool

Remove Rasters
-

Use Remove Rasters from Mosaic

Dataset tool

Sources rasters are changed

-

Changes in geometric/metadata/etc.

Update with Synchronize Mosaic

Dataset tool

Mosaic Dataset Advanced Mosaicking

Before

Color correction
-

Balance to a color surface

Balance to an existing target

Support excluded area

Color Correction window

Seamline
-

Build Seamline tool

Modify seamline using Editor

Import seamline feature class

After

Mosaic Dataset Editing Raster Functions

Process image on-the-fly

-

Image enhancement

Orthorectification, Pansharpen

Shaded relief, hillshade, etc

Add at mosaic dataset level

Add at raster level

-

Apply to the raster

Referenced Mosaic Dataset

References an external mosaic dataset or raster

catalog
Supported in GDB and file (.amd)
- Catalog table is not editable

Created by specifying
Definition query
- Area of interest
-

Boundary = My County
Where Sensor = Landsat
and Cloud <10%
Add NDVI processing

Provides multiple views of the source mosaic dataset

Prevents editing of the source mosaic dataset

Image Management Patterns

Create mosaic datasets with data of

similar type

Elevation

Ortho images of same date

Imagery with similar sensor,

number of bands, and bit depth

QuickBird/IKONOS

Landsat 5 or 7

Mosaic Dataset to
manage data

Create referenced mosaic datasets

to publish

Reference
Mosaic Dataset
to publish

Build Mosaic Datasets

Serve

Main ways to serve imagery

Image service
-

Map service
-

Image or raster data made available by a server to a

client application
Published map document containing an image layer

Other
-

Globe service, mobile service, geodata service

Image Service versus Map Service

Image service

Map service

Serves raster data directly

Serves a map document

containing raster or vector
data

Image service layer properties

can be altered by client
Compression
Rendering
Band combinations

Client views map service as it

was designed

Can be saved as a layer and

used as a data source

Can build cache

Client cannot change layer

properties

What can you do with an image service?

Use it as an image (visual analysis)

Use it as raster data (pixel analysis)

Access it as a catalog (mosaic dataset)

Image service source data

Data sources
-

Raster datasets

Mosaic datasets new

-

Requires ArcGIS Server Image Extension

Raster or mosaic layers

-

To control rendering

Preset some layer properties

Predefined query

Publishing an image service

Same process as publishing any service with ArcGIS

Server
-

via ArcCatalog

via Server Manager

Properties unique to image services

-

Capabilities

Parameters

Some capabilities are specific to the data

Image Service Capabilities

Limits what operations users can do with your Web service

Image

Allows the image to be displayed

(Absorbed the Mosaic operation in 9.3x)

Metadata

Allows the client to see metadata for the image

service and for each raster in a mosaic dataset

Catalog

Allows the client to open the table of a mosaic

dataset when it is served

Download Allows rasters to be downloaded when serving a

mosaic dataset

Pixels

Allows the API developer to access the pixel blocks

of the individual rasters in a mosaic dataset

Image Service Parameters

Control the image data

Imagenew, Catalognew, Downloadnew, and Output

Parameters depend on the input for the image

service

Some can be altered by the server administrator

Server administrator cannot exceed limitations for

some of the parameters
-

Such as: allowed mosaic methods, the maximum

number of rasters per mosaic

Image Service Parameters: Image

Affect the image that users connected to the image

service will see
RD

MD

Max image size per request

Default resampling method

Compression methods and quality

Max # of rasters per mosaic

Allowed mosaic methods

Layers

How can you access an image service?

ArcGIS Desktop

ArcGIS Explorer

Web APIs (Silverlight, Flex, JavaScript)

ArcGIS.com

REST, SOAP

WMS, WCS, KML

3rd Party Applications

Serving and Accessing Image Services

Resources

Want to Learn More?

Video.esri.com
-

Using Imagery and Raster Data in ArcGIS

What's New in Imagery and Raster at ArcGIS 10

Training.esri.com
-

Recorded Training Seminars

-

Visualizing and Analyzing Imagery with ArcGIS 10

Managing Imagery with ArcGIS 10

Instructor-Led Training
-

Managing Imagery Using ArcGIS

Resources

Resources.esri.com
-

Blog (RSS feed)

Samples

Videos

Forums

More