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3.

2 Applications
3.2.1 Rotating Unbalance Masses
Examples:

Unbalance cloth in a
rotating drum of a
washing machine

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3.2.1 Rotating Unbalance Masses


Consider the system of mass M with a rotating mass m.
The eccentricity is e. The rotational speed is .
The system is attached to the fixed foundation via a
spring and a damper shown.

If we only consider the vertical


movement of the system, we can
determine the EOM as follows:

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3.2.1 Rotating Unbalance Masses


M = total mass
m = rotating mass

E = eccentricity
= rotational speed

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3.2.1 Rotating Unbalance Masses


Model:

Mx cx kx me2 sin t EOM


x(t ) Im[ z (t )]

Mz cz kz me2 e it
me2 it
z 2 n z z
e
M
z (t ) Zeit
2
n

2
me
r2
me
Z

2 2n 2i n M 1 r 2 2ir M
me
x
H () sin(t )
M
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r2
H ()
1 r 2 2ir
4

3.2 Applications
3.2.1 Rotating Unbalance Masses
FRF Plot of
H ()

r2

Increasing
r2
H ()
1 r 2 2ir

(1 r 2 ) 2 (2r ) 2

Notes:
1. When r is small, |H()|~0; x 0
2. When r is big, |H()|~1;

me
sin(t )
M

3. For 0 < < 1/2 , the maximum


1
1
occurs when r
2
1 2

and the maximum value is H () max

1
2 1 2

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3.2.1 Rotating Unbalance Masses


Examples: Meirovitch 3.11
A piece of machinery can be regarded as a rigid mass
with a reciprocating rotating unbalanced mass. The
total mass of the system is 12 kg and the unbalanced
mass is 0.5 kg. During normal operation, the rotation of
the masses varies from 0 to 600 rpm. Design the
support system (spring and damper) so that the
maximum vibration amplitude will not exceed 10
percent of the rotating masss eccentricity.

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3.2.1 Rotating Unbalance Masses


Examples: Francis Water Turbine
The schematic diagram of a Francis water turbine is
shown in the figure in which water flows from A into the
blades B and down into the tail race C. The rotor has a
mass of 250 kg and an unbalance (me) of 0.25 kg-m.
The radial clearance between the rotor and the stator
is 5 mm. The turbine operates in the speed range 600
to 3000 rpm. The steel shaft carrying the rotor can be
assumed to be clamped at the bearings. Assume
damping to be negligible.

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3.2.1 Rotating Unbalance Masses


Examples: Francis Water Turbine (adapted from Rao)
Determine

1. Maximum amplitude of x
2. Appropriate value of k

3. Natural frequency
4. Diameter of the shaft so
that the rotor is clear of the
stator
Given that E = 2.07x1011 Pa
d 4
I
64

and

3EI
l3

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3.2.1 Rotating Unbalance Masses


Examples: Solution
EOM

Mx kx me2 sin t

Thus,

me2
me2
mer 2
X

2
2
2
(k M ) M (n ) M (1 r 2 )

where the natural frequency is


The value of ranges from:

to
Solve for r for Xmax is 5 mm

k
M

2
20 rad/s
60
2
3000rpm 3000
100 rad/s
60
mer 2
X
M (1 r 2 )
600rpm 600

0.25r 2
5 10
250(1 r 2 )
-3

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3.2.1 Rotating Unbalance Masses


250 250r 2 50r 2

rcritical 0.9129
n

Find the n

62.83 314.16
62.83 0.9129n 314.16
68.83 n 344.13

To select the n:

1. It has to be greater than 314.16 rad/s to avoid resonance


2. If 314.16 n 344.13 rad/s Xmax is greater than 5 mm
So pick n 344.13 rad/s

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3.2.1 Rotating Unbalance Masses


Thus, if n 344.13 rad/s
then k M 2n 2.96 107 N/m
The minimum diameter of the shaft is
3EI 3E d 4

2.96 10 k 3 3
l
l 64
d 29.7 cm
7

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