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ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM FOUR
( Students Copy )
Name: ___________________________
Class : ___________________________
Chapter
Learning Objective
6.1 Find distance between two points.
Learning Outcome
6.1.1 Find the distance between two points using formula.
1. The formula of distance between two points is actually derived from _______________
theorem.
2.By referring to the diagram below, tick the correct equation :
Equation
(a) r 2 t 2 s 2
(b) t 2 s 2 r 2
(c) s 2 r 2 t 2
(d) r 2 t 2 s 2
(e) t 2 r 2 s 2
(f) s 2 r 2 t 2
(g) t 2 s 2 r 2
(h) s 2 t 2 r 2
t
s
r
if correct
y2
z2
y
x
x2
Pythagoras Theorem :
AC 2 AB 2 BC 2
5 cm
B
12 cm
AB =
cm
BC =
cm
AC
+
=
=
(ii)
Chapter
y
PR 2 PQ 2 RQ 2
R (7 , 8)
PR
8
RQ =
PQ 2 RQ 2
PR
=
2
P (3 , 2)
units.
3
PQ =
=
(iii)
y2
BC =
AC 2 AB 2 BC 2
y1
x2
x1
AB =
AC
)2 (
Distance =
3 2 2 5 [3] 2
Solve :
( 5) 2 (8) 2
25 64
89
9.434 units
)2
Chapter
Formula :
CD =
( x 2 x1 ) 2 ( y 2 y1 ) 2
Substitude :
Solve :
2 6 a 2
) 2 (6 a ) 2 7
2 6 a 2 7 2
(6 a ) 2
(6 a )
24
(6 a ) 4.899
6 a 4.899
6 4.899 a
a 1.101
6 a 4.899
6 4.899 a
a 10.899
Implication
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
MN = 5 cm
PQ =
Chapter
7. Locate the mistake done in the solution in column A and solve the problem correctly in
column B.
A (Wrong solution)
(a) Given that the distance between
points A (2, y) and B (1, 3) is 10 ,
find the values of y .
Solution :
AB = 10
B (Correct solution)
(12 2 2 ) (3 2 y 2 ) 10
(1 4) (9 y 2 ) 10
3 9 y 2 10 0
y2 4 0
y2 4
y
y 2
ML= (9 [3]) 2 (7 2) 2
= (12) 2 (5) 2
= 144 25
= 119
= 10.91
(3 [ 3]) 2 ( 4 4) 2
0 2 (k 4) 2 6 2 (8) 2
(k 4) 2 36 64
( k 4) 100 10
k 4 10
k 6
k 4 4
k 8
A (Wrong solution)
(d) Given the points A(3 , p), B(2 , 3) and
C(1 , -2), find the possible values of p if the
distance of point C to point A is twice its
distance from point B.
Solution :
CA = 2CB
(3 1) 2 ( p [ 2]) 2 2 ( 2 1) 2 (3 [2]) 2
2 2 ( p 2) 2 2 12 5 2
4 ( p 2) 2 21 25
( p 2) 2 52 4
( p 2) 48 6.928
p 2 6.928
p 4.928
p 2 6.928
p 8.928
Chapter
B (Correct solution)
Chapter
Learning Objective :
6.2 Understand the concept of division of a line segment
Learning Outcome :
6.2.1 Find the midpoint of two given points
1. In the following cases, mark the midpoint of the line segment below as M and state its
coordinates :
y
K
(a) y
(b)
4
G
2
(c)
2
J
(d)
y
R
2
L
L
0
2. Based on the diagram below, point M is the midpoint of the line segment AB, choose
the correct coordinate for the midpoint M.
x 2 x1 y 2 y1
,
y
2
2
( x2 , y 2 )
x 2 x1 y 2 yM1
,
2
2
A ( x1 , y1 )
x 2 x1 y 2 y1
,
0
2
2
Chapter
Segment
Midpoint
(-5.5 , 3)
(3a , 2.5b)
(3 , -4)
(1.5a , 6.5b)
(-4 , -1.5)
4.The points P and Q are (a, 2) and (-2, b) respectively. The midpoint of PQ is (3, 4).
Determine the value of a and the value of b.
Sketch the segment :
P
Apply formula :
x 2 x1 y 2 y1
,
2
2
Midpoint =
(3 , 4 ) =
Compare :
a 2 2 b
,
2
2
(3 , 4 ) =
Solve :
2
6a2
2
8 2b
b
Chapter
D
M (8,10)
C (2,4)
0
M (8 , 10)
D ( x1 , y1 )
C (2 , 4)
Apply formula :
x 2 x1 y 2 y1
,
2
2
Midpoint =
(8 , 10 ) =
(8 , 10 ) =
Solve :
Chapter
6. P(0, 1) , Q(-8, 5) , R(-6, 9) and S are the vertices of a parallelogram. Find the
coordinates of point S.
Sketch :
* Let S ( x1 , y1 )
R (-6 , 9)
Q (-8 , 5)
S ()
P (0 , 1)
Apply formula :
x 2 x1 y 2 y1
,
2
2
Midpoint =
Midpoint of PR = Midpoint of QS
Compare :
Solve :
10
Midpoint = Midpoint
of AC
of BD
Chapter
Learning Outcomes :
6.2.2 Find coordinates of a point that divides a line according to a given ratio m : n.
1. Complete the table below :
Situation
Ratio
(a)
C
3
2
AB : BC = 2 : 3
AB : AC = 2 : 5
A
(b)
PQ : QR =
PQ : PR =
P
(c)
K
KL : LM = 4 : 3
L
KL : KM =
RS : ST =
RS : RT = 2
: 7
FG : GH =
M
(d)
T
R
(e)
F
m
G
n
FG : FH =
H
11
Chapter
Diagram I
(a)
3
P divides AB internally in
the ratio 3 : 5
Diagram II
B
L divides MN internally in
the ratio 2 : 1
M
G
K
3
3
2
A
K
1
5
2
A
(e)
Three points K, L and M
are on a straight line such
that the length of KM is 3
times the length of KL.
(d)
A, B and C are three
points on a straight line
such that AB : AC = 2 : 5 .
2
M
K divides GH internally in
the ratio of 3 : 4 .
(b)
(c)
K
L
1
2
12
L
3
Chapter
3. A and B are the points (8 , 4) and (-2 , -6) respectively. Point P divides line AB in the ratio
3 : 2 . Find the coordinates of P.
Sketch :
Let P (x , y)
B (-2, -6)
B
P (x , y)
n
P
A (8 , 4)
m
A
Formula :
mx 2 nx1 my 2 ny1
,
mn
mn
3( ) 2( ) 3( ) 2( )
,
(x , y ) =
3 2
3 2
P (x , y ) =
(x , y ) =
Compare :
(x , y ) =
Coordinates of P =
Coordinate of P is
4. A line segment has end points at P (-4, -8) and S (a , 6). Given that point R (2, b) is a
point on the straight line PS such that 3PR= 4PS. Find the value of a and b .
Sketch :
S (a, 6)
3PR = 4RS
R (2 ,b)
P (-4 , -8)
13
Chapter
Formula :
mx 2 nx1 my 2 ny1
,
mn
mn
R (2 , b ) =
4( ) 3 ( )
4( ) 3( )
,
(2 , b ) =
43
43
(2 , b ) =
Compare :
2=
b=
Solve :
5. Find the ratio m : n if a certain point divides a line segment internally in the ratio m : n
and
the coordinates of the points are
Sketch :
given.
Example : If point P(3 , 4)
internally divides the line
segment that connects the
points
of m :
Formula :
mx 2 nx1 my 2 ny1
,
mn
m ,n7)
B(6
m( 7 ) n ( 2 )
m( 6 ) n( 1 )
,
(3 , 4 ) =
mm n P (3, 4) m n
P (3 , 4 ) =
6m n
7 m 2n
,
n2)
mn
Am(1,
(3 , 4 ) =
6m n
mn
Either one
7 m 2n
mn
Solve :
6m n
mn
3m 3n 6m n
3m 6m n 3n
3m 2n
m 2
n
3
m:n 2:3
3
14
Chapter
Sketch :
(5 , 3
(a) R
joining
in the
1
) divides the line
2
1
mx 2 nx1 my 2 ny1
,
) =
2
mn
mn
m( ) n(
1
mn
(5 , 3
) =
2
(5 , 3
) =
2
mn
m( ) n ( )
mn
mn
Compare :
7
=
2
5=
Solve :
m:n
15
16
Chapter