24H HC TON - CHIN THNG 3 CU PHN LOI

Gio vin: on Tr Dng H Hu Hi

BI 1: NGHIM HU T N
Bi 1: Gii phng trnh: x2 x 6 2 x2 6 x 1 3x 2 0
2
iu kin xc nh: x . Ta c phng trnh: x2 x 6 2 x2 6 x 1 3x 2 0
3
Ta d dng kim tra bng my tnh bi ton c 1 nghim x 1 v l nghim n
x2 x 2

2x2 6x 1 3

x 1 x 2

2x2 6x 8
2x2 6x 1 3

3 x 2 1 0 x 1 x 2

3x 3
3x 2 1

0 x 1 x 2

2x2 6x 1 9
2

2x 6x 1 3

3x 2 1

x 1 2 x 8
2x2 6x 1 3

3x 2 1

3 x 1
3x 2 1

x 1 0

2x 8

3
(*)
x 1 x 2

2x 8
0
3
0
3 x 2 1
2x2 6x 1 3
x 2

3x 2 1
2x2 6x 1 3

Do x

2x 8
2
3
nn x 2
0
3
3x 2 1
2x2 6x 1 3

Do phng trnh (*) x 1 0 x 1 . Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht x 1

Bi 2: Gii bt phng trnh: 3 x 2 3x 4 3 2 x 1 x 3
Ta d dng kim tra bng my tnh bi ton c 1 nghim x 4 v l nghim n

x3 1

Nu chng ta thay gi tr vo cc cn: 2 x 1 3

3 x 4 4
Cch 1: Nhn lin hp cn vi s:

3 x 2 3x 4 3 2 x 1 x 3 0

3x 12
3x 4 4

4x
1 x 3

3 x 4 4 1 x 3 3 3 2 x 1 3 x 12 0

3
1
6
3x 12 0 x 4

3 0
3 2x 1
3x 4 4 1 x 3 3 2 x 1

24 6 x

3
1
6
x 4
1
2
0
3 2 x 1
3x 4 4 1 x 3

3
x3
2 2x 1
x 4

0 3 x4
3x 4 4 1 x 3 3 2 x 1

Cch 2: S dng truy ngc du:

Do trong bi c 2 lng biu thc b m du do chng ta cn x l 2 cn ny theo ng trnh t trn ta

x3 x3

c lng lin hp tng ng nh sau:

Do bi ton s c trnh by nh sau:
2x 1 3 2x 1

iu kin xc nh: x 3
Bpt

3x 4 4 x 3 x 3 2 x 1 3 2 x 1 0

3 x 4
3x 4 4

x3

x 3 1 2x 1

2x 1 3 0

2 2x 1
3
x3
x 4

0 3x4
2x 1 3
3x 4 4
x 3 1

Vy tp nghim ca BPT l: S 3; 4
Bi 3: Gii bt phng trnh: 2 x 14 3x 1 x 8 x 3
D dng kim tra bi ton c nghim n x 1 do :
iu kin xc nh: x

1
3

x 8 x 3 2 x 14 3x 1 0 x 8

x3 2

3x 1 2 0

x 8

3
0 x 1

0
x3 2
3x 1 2
3 x 1 2
x 3 2
2 x 10 3 x 3
x 8

3 3x 1
3 3
3

x 1

0
0 x 1
2
2
x

2
3
x

2
x

2
3
x

x 1

x 8

x 1

x 1

3x 3

3 3x 1
0
3x 1 2
x3

3 3x 1

0 (*)
3 x 1 2
x3

4 x 2 31x 73

x 3 2 2 x 10 3

31 207
2 x 4 16

x 3 2 2 x 10 3

Do:

31 207
2 x 4 16
3 3x 1
1

0x nn bt phng trnh (*) x 1 0 x 1

3
3x 1 2
x 3 2 2 x 10 3 x 3

1
Vy tp nghim ca BPT l: S ;1
3

Bi 4: Gii Bt phng trnh: x 1 x 2 4 x 1 3 x

(Trch tuyn sinh i hc khi B nm 2012)

Do cn to ra lin hp

x 4 . x 41 nn: Gi s lin hp vi

f ( x ) g( x )

x 2 4 x 1 ax b Khi
f ( x ) g( x )

x 2 4 x 1 l

Do lin hp ca

4a b 1
a

1
4 a b 4
b

x4

f ( x) x 2 4 x 1 l g( x) ax b

1
4

1
5
1
5

1
x 1
5

Gi s lin hp vi h( x) x l l( x) ax b

h( x) l( x)

x ax b Khi
h( x) l( x)

x l

Do lin hp ca

x4

1
4

4a b 2
a

1
1
4 a b 2
b

2
5
2
5

2
x 1
5

2
1
x 4 x 1 5 x 1
Vy l chng ta c 2 lin hp thch hp trong bi ton l:
2 x 1 x
5
x 2 3
x 2 3
x 2 4 x 1 0

iu kin xc nh:
x 2 3

0 x 2 3
x 0

x 0

1
Ta c bt phng trnh x 1 x 2 4 x 1 3 x x 2 4 x 1 x 1 3 x 1 x 0
5

25 x 2 4 x 1 x 1

5 x 4 x 1 x 1 3 2 x 1 5 x 0

5 x 2 4 x 1 x 1
2

24 x 2 102 x 24
5 x 2 4 x 1 x 1

12 x 2 51x 12
2 x 1 5 x

24 x 2 102 x 24
5 x 2 4 x 1 x 1

4 x 1 2 25x

0
3
2 x 1 5 x

24 x 2 102 x 24
4 x 1 10 x

1
1
0 (*)
24 x 2 102 x 24

5 x 2 4 x 1 x 1 4 x 1 10 x

Do x 0 nn

1
5 x 2 4 x 1 x 1

x 4
0 do (*) 24 x 2 102 x 24 0
x 1
4 x 1 10 x

4
1

x 4
Kt hp iu kin
0 x 1

4
1
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh cho l: S 0; 4;
4

Bi 5: Gii bt phng trnh: 2 x 2 5x 5 3 x 3 x 2 3 3x 5

D dng s dng my tnh tm c bi ton c 2 nghim n l: x 1; x 2 do rt d dng tm c
lin hp ca bi ton( lm tng t bi 4 tm lin hp 2 nghim)
iu kin xc nh: x 3

2 x 2 5x 5 3 x 3 x 2 3 3x 5 0 x 2 x 2 x 5 3 x 3 x 2 x 1 3 3x 5 0
x 1 x 2

x 1 x 2

x 2 x 3x 4

x 3 x 1 x 1 3 x 5 3 x 5
3

x2 x 2
x53

x 1 x 2
x53

x 2 x 1

x 3 x 1 x 1 3 x 5 3 x 5

x 2

x 1 x 2 1

2
2
x

3
x

3
x 1 x 1 3 3 x 5 3 3 x 5

Do: 1

1
x53

x 2

x 3 x 1 x 1 3 x 5 3 x 5

0 (*)

0x 3

x 1
nn BPT (*) x 1 x 2 0
x 2
Vy tp nghim ca BPT l: S 1; 3; 2
Bi 6: Gii bt phng trnh:

4x 2

3x2 4 x 2
9
3 x 3
x
x

iu kin xc nh: x 3; x 0

1 2
3x2 5x 2 x 2

x 3 3x 5x 2 x 2 x 3 0
x
x
x

Vi x di mu coi nh cui cng xt. n y ta bm phng trnh 3x 2 5x 2 x 2 x 3 v nhn

thy phng trnh c 2 nghim x 1; x 2 do vic x l khng c g kh khn
Nhng vic biu thc x 2 x 3 c sn nghim x 2 nn chng ta s x l 2 cch nh sau:
Cch 1 khng quan tm n du tr ng trc biu thc x 2 x 3 ( ch cn lin hp nghim n)

Do

1 2
3x 3x 6 x 2
x

x 1 x 2 3

3 x3 5
x3 2

1
x 1
x 3 2 0 3 x 1 x 2 x 2
0

x
x 3 2

x 1 x 2 3 x 3 5 0

0
x
x 3 2
x 3 2
1

0x 3 nn

x 1 x 2 0 x 1

2 x 0

Vy tp nghim ca BPT l: S 1; 2; 0
Cch 2: x l truy ngc du: ( lm tng t bi 4 tm lin hp 2 nghim)

1
x2 x 2
1 2

8
x

1
x

2
8
x

8
x

16

2
x

3
x

0



0

3x
3x
x5 x3

x 1 x 2
x 1 x 2

x 2 0 (*)
1
0

8 x 1 x 2
8

3x
3x
x5 x3
x 5 x 3

Do 8

x 2
x5 x3

0x 3 nn(*)

x 1 x 2 0 x 1

2 x 0

3x

Vy tp nghim ca BPT l: S 1; 2; 0
Bi 7: Gii bt phng trnh: 3 7 x 8 5 x 1 x 2 x 1 2
D dng s dng my tnh tm c bi ton c 2 nghim n l: x 1; x 5 do rt d dng tm c
lin hp ca bi ton( lm tng t bi 4 tm lin hp 2 nghim)
iu kin xc nh: x 1

2 x 2 x 1 4 2 3 7 x 8 10 x 1 0

2 x 2 3 7 x 8 x x 1 2 2x 1 5 x 1 2 x 1 x2 6x 5 0

2 x 1 x 5

x 2 x 2
2

7x 8

7 x 8

x x 1 x 5
x 1 2 2x 1

5 x 1 x 5
x 1 2

x 1 x 5 0

5
2 x 1
x x 1

x 1 0
x 1 x 5

2
2
3
x 1 2
x 1 2 2x 1

x 2 x 2 7 x 8 3 7 x 8

x
2 x 1
5
x 11
x 1 x 5

2
2
3
x 1 2
x 1 2

x 2 x 2 7 x 8 3 7 x 8

x 1 1 2 2x 1
2 x 1
5

x 1 x 5

2
2
3
x 1 2 2x 1
x 1 2
x 2 x 2 7 x 8 3 7 x 8

0
2x 1

0 (*)

Do

2 x 1

x 2 x 2
2

7 x 8 3 7 x 8

x 1 2

x 1 1 2 2x 1
x 1 2 2x 1

0x 1

Nn(*): x 1 x 5 0 1 x 5
Vy tp nghim ca BPT l: S 1; 5

x 2 x 1 x 2 3x 2 1

Bi 8: Gii bt phng trnh:

2x x 1

x3

x 2 1

x 2

iu kin xc nh:
13
x 3; x
4

x 1 1 x 2 x 2 1

2 x 1 x 1 3

1 x 2
2 x 1 3

x2 1
6

x 3

x 1 11 x 2 x 3 x 2 1
6 x 3
6 x 2 1 x 2 1
2 x 1 3 x 1 1
1

2 x 1 3

x2 1

3
9
13
85
1
9 2 x 1
x

0 x 1
6
2
2
4
4
2 x 1 3

13 85
Vy tp nghim ca BPT l: S ;
4 4

Bi 9: Gii bt phng trnh:

x 3 x 1 1 x2 2x 3 4

iu kin xc nh: x 1

x 3 x 1

x3

1
x 1

x3

x 3 x 1

1 x2 2x 3 x 3 x 1 1

x 3 1

x 2

x 1 1 0

x 3 1

1
x 1

x2 2x 3 4

x 2
x 1 1

x2 2x 3 4

x 3 x1 0

0(*) Do

x 2
x 3 1

x 1 1

Nn (*) x 2 0 x 2
Vy tp nghim ca BPT l: S 1; 2
Bi 10: Gii bt phng trnh:

x 6

x 2x

26 x 8 4 x 2 x 3 x 33

iu kin xc nh: x 0
x 2 x 2 26 x 8 6 x 2 x 2 26 x 8 4 2 x 2 3 x x 33 x 0

2 x 2 26 x 8 6 x 2 x 2 26 x 8 9 x x

2 x 2 26 x 8 3 x

x
2

2 x 2 26 x 8 3 x 4 2 x 0

2 x 2 26 x 8 3 x 4 2 x 0

0x 1

t: a 2 x 2 26 x 8 3 x

2 x 2 17 x 8
2 x 2 26 x 8 3 x

0x 0

a 2 xa 4 2 x 0 a 2 a 2 x a 2 0 a 2 a x 2 0 a x 2 0
2 x 2 26 x 8 3 x x 2 0 3 x x 2 2 x 2 26 x 8 0

n y bm my tnh pht hin phng trnh c 2 nghim x 1; x 4 do cn tm lin hp( ging bi 4)

2 x 2 26 x 8 mx n

x 1; x 4

m n 6
m 2

4 m n 12
n 4

Do bpt tr thnh: 2 x 4 2 x 2 26 x 8 3 x x 2 0

2 x2 5x 4

2 x 2 26 x 8 2 x 4

2
1
x2 5x 4

0
2
2 x 26 x 8 2 x 4 x 2 3 x

x 5x 4

0
2
2 x 26 x 8 2 x 4 x 2 3 x

6 x 2 x 2 26 x 8

2 x 2 10 x 8

x 5x 4
0
2
2
2 x 26 x 8 2 x 4 x 2 3 x
6 x 2 x 26 x 8

2
2

2
x 5x 4
0 (*)
2
2
6
x

2
x

26
x

8
2
x

26
x

2
x

4
x

3
x

Do

6 x 2 x 2 26 x 8

do (*) x 2 5x 4

2 x 2 26 x 8 2 x 4 x 2 3 x

x 1
0 x2 5x 4 0
x 4

Vy tp nghim ca BPT l: S 1; 4

0x 0

x2 5x 4
x23 x