CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO

BI VIT GINH TNG TT C MI NGI .

NHNG BN ANG L HC SINH VI NIM KHT KHAO C C KIN THC HAY V B
CH V VI LNG QUYT TM THI H
NHNG THY C GIO TM HUYT GINH TT C TNH YU THNG QU MN I VI
HC SINH.
NHNG BN TR I GIA S GIP CH CHO VIC TRUYN T KIN THC CHO MI NGI.
MNH ANG C K HOCH TNG HP CHUYN TON L HA V C TH THM
TING ANH SINH VI CC CCH GII N GIN , D DNG , MO , PHNG PHP
TH H I SAU NHNG NGI CON CA VIT NAM NNG TM TRI THC .
GIP CHO CC BN HC SINH C TH THI H VI IM S CAO .
Sau y l mt s chuyn mnh ang son.
Link down tng hp cc chuyn .
http://www.mediafire.com/?ze7fxubr185639g
Link down load cc chuyn ring:
CHUYN 1 I CNG HA HC HU C
http://www.mediafire.com/?t4gime6ha5dmonv
CHUYN 2 HIROCACBON NO
http://www.mediafire.com/?48gi22logso51y8
CHUYN 3 HIROCACBON KHNG NO
http://www.mediafire.com/?kuhbmq3zz1dqxdg
CHUYN 4 HIDROCABON THM - NGUN
http://www.mediafire.com/?4bsm3y24z7tomt4
CHUYN 5 DN XUT HALOGEN - PHENOL ANCOL
http://www.mediafire.com/?7ppn76mm88oc07e
CHUYN 6 ANEHIT-XETON-AXIT CACBOXYLIC
http://www.mediafire.com/?1qqig20c1wvgkdq
CHUYN 7 ESTE - LIPIT - CHT GIT RA
http://www.mediafire.com/?iugobqplwb1o1pc
CHUYN 8 CACBOHIDRAT
http://www.mediafire.com/?hqhqyawwc7qw1ku
CHUYN 9 AMIN AMINOAXIT PROTEIN
http://www.mediafire.com/?6cr175u8ha41j3v
CHUYN 10 POLIME VT LIU POLIME
http://www.mediafire.com/?uvdfj55w5l3d443
CHUYN 11 I CNG V KIM LOI
http://www.mediafire.com/?b74xx4at7ahx2jk
CHUYN 12 KIM LOI KIM - KIM LOI KIM TH - NHM
http://www.mediafire.com/?gdb75u4e0hsu1up
CHUYN 13 ST V HP CHT CA ST V MT S KL KHC
http://www.mediafire.com/?lbtguzzu6a6nu1s
CHUYN 15 CU TO NGUYN T- BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC - LIN
KT HA HC
http://www.mediafire.com/?7j3wq1t7sx7nih1
-1-

CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO

CHUYN 16 IN PHN
http://www.mediafire.com/?6l74viac68k4hpd
Ngoi ra cn c cc chuyn b tr.
CHUYN K THUT XC NH NG PHN - CNG THC TNH NHANH S NG PHN
http://www.mediafire.com/?6r986rt287e22rv
CHUYN PHNG PHP GII NHANH HA V C - HU C
http://www.mediafire.com/?99gu9128v72jppe
CHUYN DANH PHP HU C
http://www.mediafire.com/?g1ug9rc7ac1xvch
CHUYN CRACKING ANKAN
http://www.mediafire.com/?e31aql9bus23xf2
CHUYN NHN BIT HU C - V C
http://www.mediafire.com/?j7uk7nw760yney2
CHUYN CN BNG - CHUYN DCH CN BNG
http://www.mediafire.com/?qixad5z5qda9ic4
CHUYN TNH AXIT , BAZO, NHIT SI
http://www.mediafire.com/?1032xq1mh5hxnbq
LI GII CHI TIT CC THI I HC T NM 2007 => 2010 KHI A , B
http://www.mediafire.com/?ccc85y8cutvt6kb
MT S THI I HC HAY ST MT S C HNG DN
http://www.mediafire.com/?kfedh985y9msrm8
MONG RNG LINK NY S GIP CH CHO CC MI NGI.
Nh cc bn bit chuyn cha hon thin mi c mt na ; mnh con cha lm nhiu phn lp 10 .
Mt s chuyn cha c li gii ch c p n Cha chnh xc hon ton
Bi vit ny mnh mong => s c nhiu ngi chung tay vi mnh xy dng thnh cng chuyn .
S gip mnh nhiu hn trong vic hon thin n => S up chuyn hon chnh hn.
Nu bn no gip mnh c th lin h qu mail nh : Hieu_100293@yahoo.com
Thi gian ti mnh s i hc nhiu => mi ngy mnh c c 30 son chuyn - ni chuyn vi mi
ngi
Vy nn mnh mun qua bi vit ny s c nhiu ngi gip mnh hn na.
Cm n mi ngi.
Down load bn word: http://www.mediafire.com/?eswsyurb2i44syh

Mnh ni thm : Bn no gip mnh => CH nh 20 cu trong 20 hm .

Cu no khng lm c b qu. => Trung bnh mt ngy bn nh 1
cu => mt 1=>5' va hc kin thc va gip c ngi khc.
-2-

CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO

Chuyn son khng nhm mc ch vit sch (nu ai vit sch c th

ly ti liu - ti liu ny cho tt c mi ngi m) . Mc ch gip
mi ngi hc hi thm kin thc. Nhng kinh nghim ca nhiu bn,
nhng phng php gii nhanh nhng mo , cng c kin thc , lm
vng kin thc c v thm kin thc mi.
Hin ti mnh l sinh vin HKTQD mnh khng c nhiu thi gian
nh ht li gii s chuyn (Mnh vn phi i hc m) vy nu
bn no b ra mi ngy 5' nh li gii c th hy chung tay xy
dng chuyn ha ny. Mnh tin n s gip ch cho tt c mi ngi.
Gip mi ngi yu thch mn ha hn.
D kin sp ti mnh c th lm thm chuyn l v ton .
Mong rng ai c th gip th lin h vi yahoo mnh :

Hieu_100293@yahoo.com
Ti liu ny mnh ch mun n lan rng ra hn . nhiu ngi bit hn v
n s gip cho x hi VN nn tri thc cn non tr ln mnh ln v mnh
tin rng v lu di VN s ngang hng th gii . V th h i sau chnh l
nhng ngi gp phn vo cng vic .
Ln vit chuyn sp ti mnh s chia s cho mi ngi phng php
hc nhiu hn . Lm th no thi H c trn 24 ch trong vng 4
thng ri sp ti . Sm gp bn....
Nu mnh ly con s 100 ngi gip mnh => Mi ngy 1 ngi / cu
=> mt ngy 100 cu => sau 1 thng c 3000 cu
=> c 500 ngi gip => sau 1 thng c 15000 cu .
mi ngy ch 5' "Thi gian bn bt my"

Cm n bn c bi vit ca mnh.

-3-

CHUYN 2 :
CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO
HIROCACBON NO

Cu 1: Hp cht hu c X c tn gi l: 2 - clo - 3 - metylpentan. Cng thc cu to ca X l:

A. CH3CH2CH(Cl)CH(CH3)2.
B. CH3CH(Cl)CH(CH3)CH2CH3.
C. CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2Cl.
D. CH3CH(Cl)CH3CH(CH3)CH3.
2 - clo - 3 metylpentan nh s gn halogen trc => Cl s 2 ; Metyl s 3 ; pentan => Mch chnh c 5C
SGK 11- nng cao 109 ; Cu thn ch : M - Em Phi Bn Phn Ha Hp - - Ngoi ng
1
2
3
4
5
CH3 CH(Cl) CH(CH3) CH2 CH3
Cu 2: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to c cng thc phn t C 5H12 ?
A. 3 ng phn.
B. 4 ng phn.
C. 5 ng phn. D. 6 ng phn
SGK 11 nng cao 139 Nh 4 thng u tin => C5H12 c 3 ng phn
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3 ; CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) CH3;
Cu 3: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to c cng thc phn t C 6H14 ?
A. 3 ng phn.
B. 4 ng phn.
C. 5 ng phn. D. 6 ng phn
SGK 11 nc 139 => C6H14 c 5 ng phn. => C
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH2 CH3 ;
CH3 CH2 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3; CH3 CH(CH3) CH(CH3)-CH3 ;
CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) - CH2 CH3 => 5 p => C
Xem li file vit ng phn + CT tnh ng phn : Down load file trn .
Cu 4: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to c cng thc phn t C 4H9Cl ?
A. 3 ng phn.
B. 4 ng phn.
C. 5 ng phn. D. 6 ng phn.
C4H9Cl c k = (2.4 9 +2 -1)/2 = 0 Tnh lin kt pi + vng bt bo ha
CxHyOzNtXuNav k =(2x-y+t+2 u v )/2 X l halogen
khng c lin kt pi hay vng
CH2(Cl) CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(Cl) CH2 CH3 ; CH2Cl CH(CH3) CH3 ;
CH3 (CH3)CCl CH3 ; => 4 p => B
Xem li file vit ng phn + CT tnh ng phn : Down load file trn .
Cu 5: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to c cng thc phn t C 5H11Cl ?
A. 6 ng phn.
B. 7 ng phn.
C. 5 ng phn. D. 8 ng phn.
C5H11Cl c k = (2.5 11 + 2 1)/2 = 0 => khng c lin kt pi hay vng;
CH2(Cl) CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ;
CH3 CH(Cl) CH2 CH2 CH3
;
CH3 CH2 CH(Cl) CH2 CH3
;
CH2(Cl) CH(CH3) CH2 CH3
;
CH2(Cl) CH2 (CH3)CH CH3
;
CH2(Cl) CH2 CH(CH3) CH3
;
CH3 CH(Cl) CH(CH3) CH3
;
CH2(Cl) (CH3)C(CH3) CH3
;
Xem theo th t t tri sang phi
Cu 6: Phn trm khi lng cacbon trong phn t ankan Y bng 83,33%. Cng thc phn t ca Y l:
A. C2H6.
B. C3H8.
C. C4H10.
D. C5H12.
Cch 1 mo m p n : % C = MC / MY Thy D tha mn : %C = 12.5.100%/(12.5 + 12) = 83,33 %
Cch 2: Ankan => CTTQ: CnH2n+2 => %C = MC/MY = 12n . 100% / (14n+2) = 83,33%
14,4n = 14n +2 n = 5 => C5H12 Ly 100% / 83,33% . 12 cho d
Cu 7: Cng thc n gin nht ca hirocacbon M l CnH2n+1. M thuc dy ng ng no ?
A. ankan.
B. khng d kin xc nh.
C. ankan hoc xicloankan.
D. xicloankan.
(CnH2n+1)m CnmH2nm + m
=> vi m = 2 => CnmH2nm+2 => Ankan => A
Cu 8: a. 2,2,3,3-tetrametylbutan c bao nhiu nguyn t C v H trong phn t ?
A. 8C,16H.
B. 8C,14H.
C. 6C, 12H.
D. 8C,18H.
2,2,3,3 tetrametyl butan ; tetrametyl => 4 CH3 ; butan => 4C mch chnh ; 2,2,3,3 => V tr CH3
1
2
3
4
CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) (CH3)C(CH3) CH3
m => 8C v 18H => D
Cch khc thy ui an => CnH2n+2 K = 0 ko cha lin kt pi => D tha mn
b. Cho ankan c CTCT l: (CH3)2CHCH2C(CH3)3. Tn gi ca ankan l:
A. 2,2,4-trimetylpentan.
B. 2,4-trimetylpetan.
C. 2,4,4-trimetylpentan.
D. 2-imetyl-4-metylpentan.
-4-

CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO

5
4
3
2
1
(CH3)2CHCH2C(CH3)3 Hay CH3 (CH3)CH CH2 (CH3)C(CH3) CH3
Quy tc c tn SGK 11 nc- 138. nh s th t gn C phn nhnh nhiu nht
S v tr Tn nhnh Tn mch chnh + an
V tr nhnh 2,2,4 c 3 CH3 => 3metyl => Trimetyl 1 l mono ; 2 l i ; 3 l tri ; 4 l tetra
Mch chnh 5 C => penta => 2,2,4 trimetyl pentan =>A
Cu 9: Phn ng c trng ca hirocacbon no l
A. Phn ng tch.B. Phn ng th.
C. Phn ng cng.
D. C A, B v C.
Hidrocacbon no c p tch , th , cng nhng c trng nht l phn ng th => B
Cu 10: Cho iso-pentan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l s mol 1 : 1, s sn phm monoclo ti a thu c l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Iso pentan : iso dng : CH3 CH(CH3) ; pentan => c 5C Tnh c mch nhnh Nu l danh php thay th th
ch mch chnh
CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3 tc dng vi Cl2 => To ra mono hay 1Cl th 1H
Sp to thnh c th l:
CH3 CH CH2 CH3 4 mi tn hay 4 ch Cl c th th c => ti a 4 sp => D
CH3
Ch mt s trng hp ging nhau : 2 v tr kia ging nhau
Mo : Dng bi iso - Ca ankan => S monoclo hoc monobrom to thnh = s C 1
S C l s C trong cht .
Cu 11: Iso-hexan tc dng vi clo (c chiu sng) c th to ti a bao nhiu dn xut monoclo ?
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6
Iso hexan => CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH CH3 Tng t bi 10
CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 => Ti a 5 sn phm => C Hoc ADCT bi 10 = 6 1 = 5 6C
CH3
Cu 12: Khi cho 2-metylbutan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l mol 1:1 th to ra sn phm chnh l:
A. 1-clo-2-metylbutan. B. 2-clo-2-metylbutan. C. 2-clo-3-metylbutan. D.1-clo-3-metylbutan.
Sn phm chnh => Cl th vo H C bc cao nht SGK 11 nc 144
2 metyl butan : CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3
I
III
II
I
Vit li:CH3 CH CH2 CH3
Cl
1
2
3
4
CH3
=> Cl th vo C bc III => CH3 C CH2 CH3
CH3
=> 2 clo 2 metyl butan => B
Cu 13: Khi clo ha C5H12 vi t l mol 1:1 thu c 3 sn phm th monoclo. Danh php IUPAC ca ankan l:
A. 2,2-imetylpropan.
B. 2-metylbutan.
C. pentan.
D.2-imetylpropan.
C5H12 th clo t l 1 : 1 thu c 3 sn phm monoclo Ti a
Xt p n : Lm nhiu s quen v dng ny c th loi p n
A. 2,2 imetyl propan : CH3 (CH3)C(CH3)-CH3 Ch to ra 1 monoclo
CH3
CH3 C CH3 Th vo 1 trong 4 CH3 u nh nhau ht
CH3
B. 2 metylbutan : CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3 iso pentan => 4 sp bi 10 ADCT
C. Pentan : CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 => 3 sp Tha mn => C
D. 2 imetyl propan p n cho nhm C5H12 ch c 3 p SGK nng cao 11- 139
Cu 14: Khi clo ha metan thu c mt sn phm th cha 89,12% clo v khi lng. Cng thc ca sn phm l:
A. CH3Cl.
B. CH2Cl2.
C. CHCl3.
D. CCl4.
-5-

CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO

Metan CH4 P clo ha tng qut : i vi ankan : CnH2n+2 +xCl2 => CnH2n+2-xClx + xHCl
CH4 + xCl2 => CH4-xClx + xHCl => Sn phm : CH4-xClx
% Cl(CH4-xClx) = 35,5.x .100% / (16 + 34,5x) = 89,12% x = 3
Cch bm : Ly 35,5.100/89,12 - 34,5 sau ly 16 chia cho s . => C.
Cu 15: Cho 4 cht: metan, etan, propan v n-butan. S lng cht to c mt sn phm th monoclo duy nht l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Metan CH4 to ra 1 sn phm
Etan C2H6 hay CH3 CH3 ch to ra 1sp
Propan C3H8 hay CH3 CH2 CH3 to ra 2 sp
n butan n k hiu mch thng CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 to ra 2 sn phm
=> Ch c 2 cht metan v etan to ra 2 sn phm => B
Cu 16: khi clo ha mt ankan c cng thc phn t C6H14, ngi ta ch thu c 2 sn phm th monoclo. Danh php
IUPAC ca ankan l:
A. 2,2-imetylbutan.
B. 2-metylpentan.
C. n-hexan.
D.2,3imetylbutan.
Xt A. 2,2 imetylbutan : CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) CH2 CH3
CH3
CH3 C CH2 CH3 => 3 sn phm th.=> Loi
CH3
B.2 metyl pentan : CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH2 CH3 iso hexan => sp = 6 1 =5 ADCT => Loi
C. n hexan : CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 => 3 sn phm th => Loi
D ng A,B,C sai
D. 2,3 imetylbutan ;

CH3 CH CH CH3 => 2 sn phm th => D

CH3 CH3
Cu 17: Khi clo ha hn hp 2 ankan, ngi ta ch thu c 3 sn phm th monoclo. Tn gi ca 2 ankan l:
A. etan v propan.
B. propan v iso-butan.
C. iso-butan v n-pentan.
D. neo-pentan v etan.
Xt A. Etan => Thu c 1 ; propan thu c 2 => 3 sn phm => A ng Xem bi 15
Cu 18: Khi brom ha mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi i vi hiro l 75,5.
Tn ca ankan l:
A. 3,3-imetylhecxan.
C. isopentan.
B. 2,2-imetylpropan.
D. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan
Xem bi 13 => B . 2,2 imetylpropan => B
Cu 19: Khi cho ankan X (trong phn t c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 83,72%) tc dng vi clo theo t l s
mol 1:1 (trong iu kin chiu sng) ch thu c 2 dn xut monoclo ng phn ca nhau. Tn ca X l:
A. 3-metylpentan. B. 2,3-imetylbutan.
C. 2-metylpropan.
D. butan.
Ankan : CnH2n+2 =>%C = MC / MX = 12n .100% / (14n + 2) = 83,72% n = 6 => C6H14
Loi C v D
Xt A. 3 metylpentan : CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH3 => 4 sn phm => Loi
CH3
B.2,3 imetylbutan : CH3 CH CH CH3 => 2 sn phm => B
CH3 CH3
Cu 20: Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt v c hai nguyn t cacbon bc ba trong mt phn
t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO 2 ( cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho X tc dng vi
Cl2 (theo t l s mol 1 : 1), s dn xut monoclo ti a sinh ra l:
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 5.
Ch cha lin kt + mch h => Ankan. CnH2n+2 ; n = VCO2 / VX = 6 => C6H14
C 2 nguyn t C bc 3 => C dng
2,3 imetylbutan :

CH3 CH CH CH3 => 2 sn phm => B Bi 19

CH3 CH3
-6-

CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO

Cu 21: Khi tin hnh phn ng th gia ankan X vi kh clo c chiu sng ngi ta thu c hn hp Y ch cha hai
cht sn phm. T khi hi ca Y so vi hiro l 35,75. Tn ca X l
A. 2,2-imetylpropan.
B. 2-metylbutan.
C. pentan.
D. etan.
PT : CnH2n+2 +xCl2 => CnH2n+2-xClx + xHCl Xem bi 14 => sn phm : CnH2n+2-xClx v HCl
Chn 1mol CnH2n +2
nCnH2n+2-xCl = 1 ; nHCl = x mol
M hh Y = (mCnH2n+2-xClx + mHCl) / (nCnH2n+2 xClx + nHCl)
35,75.2 = (14n+2 +34,5x + 35,5x) / (1 + x) 0,5x + 69,5 = 14n => n> 69,5/14 =4,96
p n => n = 5 V A,B,C u c n =5 => n =5 => x =1 => C5H12
Do ch to ra 1 sn phm mono => A: 2,2 imetylpropan Tn khc l neo-pentan
CH3
CH3 C CH3 Th vo 1 trong 4 CH3 u nh nhau ht
CH3
=> A
Cu 22: Ankan no sau y ch cho 1 sn phm th duy nht khi tc dng vi Cl 2 (as) theo t l mol (1 : 1):
CH3CH2CH3 (a), CH4 (b), CH3C(CH3)2CH3 (c), CH3CH3 (d), CH3CH(CH3)CH3(e)
A. (a), (e), (d).
B. (b), (c), (d).
C. (c), (d), (e).
D. (a), (b), (c), (e), (d)
CH4(b) ; c l neo-pentan Bi 21 CH3CH3(d) to ra 1 sn phm => B ng
(a) to ra 2 ; e to ra 2
Cu 23: Khi th monoclo mt ankan A ngi ta lun thu c mt sn phm duy nht. Vy A l:
A. metan.
B. etan
C. neo-pentan D. C A, B, C u ng.
Chnh l bi 22 => D
Cu 24: Sn phm ca phn ng th clo (1:1, nh sng) vo 2,2- imetyl propan l :
(1) CH3C(CH3)2CH2Cl; (2) CH3C(CH2Cl)2CH3 ; (3) CH3ClC(CH3)3
A. (1); (2).
B. (2); (3).
C. (2).
D. (1)
Chnh l neo pentan => 1 sn phm duy nht bi 21 ; Th bt k 1 trong 4CH3
=> 1 tha mn : CH3 (CH3)C(CH3)-CH2CL => D
Cu 25: C bao nhiu ankan l cht kh iu kin thng khi phn ng vi clo (c nh sng, t l mol 1:1) to ra 2
dn xut monoclo ?
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cht kh => C t 1 n 4 SGK 11 nng cao - 141
Xem bi 15:
CH4 => c 1 ; C2H6 c 1 ; C3H8 c 2 ;C4H10 c n butan c 1 ; CH3 CH(CH3)-CH3 c 1
=> c 3 cht cho ra 2 sn phm => D
Cu 26: Ankan Y phn ng vi brom to ra 2 dn xut monobrom c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 61,5. Tn ca Y l:
A. butan.
B. propan.
C. Iso-butan.
D. 2-metylbutan.
PT : 2CnH2n+2 + 2xBr2 => CnH2n+2 xBrx + CnH2n+2-xBrx + 2xHBr
Ta c do to ra monobrom => x = 1 => Sn phm CnH2n+1Br
2 sn phm c cng khi lng phn t
M CnH2n+1Br= 61,5.2 14n + 81 = 123 n = 3 => Y l C3H8 hay propan => B Tha mn to ra 2 dn xut
monobrom
Cu 27: t chy mt hn hp gm nhiu hirocacbon trong cng mt dy ng ng nu ta thu c s mol H 2O >
s mol CO2 th CTPT chung ca dy l:
A. CnHn, n 2.
B. CnH2n+2, n 1 (cc gi tr n u nguyn).
C. CnH2n-2, n 2.
D. Tt c u sai.
Ta lun c x : y = nCO2 : 2nH2O 2x : y = nCO2 : nH2O
bi cho nH2O > nCO2 => 2x : y < 1
p n A . CnHn => 2x : y = 2n / n = 2 >1 Loi
B.CnH2n+2 => 2x : y = 2n / (2n+2) < 1 => Tha mn => B Thc cht l ankan
C.CnH2n-2 => 2x : y = 2n / (2n-2) > 1=> Loi
=> B ng
Tng hp thm : i vi cht CxHyOz Da vo cch 2 phn xc nh cng thc chuyn 1 bi 36
TH1 : CT : CnH2n+2Oz c k = 0 k = (2x y + 2)/2 => nH2O > nCO2 v nX = nH2O nCO2
VD: C2H6 ; C2H5O ; C4H9O2 - thay n v z vo Min l k = 0 vi mi cht
TH2 : CT : CnHnOz c k =1 => nH2O = nCO2 VD: C4H8 ; CnH2nOz c k =1
VD : C3H6 ; C3H6O ; C4H8O2 thay n v z Min l k = 1 vi mi cht
TH3 : CT : CnH2n-2Oz ; c k =2 => nH2O < nCO2 v nX = nCO2 nH2O
-7-

CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO

VD: C3H4 ; C6H10O3; C5H8O Min l k =2 vi mi cht

Chng minh cng thc: nX = nH2O nCO2 nH2O = nCO2 ; nX = nCO2 nH2O
TH1 : CnH2n+2Oz + O2 => nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
Gi x mol
=>nx mol (n+1)x mol => nH2O > nCO2
Ly nH2O nCO2 = (n+1)x nx = x = nCnH2n+2Oz
TH2 : CnH2nOz + O2 => nCO2 + nH2O
Gi x
=>nx mol nx mol => nH2O = nCO2 = nx mol hay nH2O = nCO2
TH3: CnH2n-2Oz + O2 => nCO2 + (n-1)H2O
Gi x
=> nx mol (n-1)x mol => nCO2 > nH2O
Ly nCO2 nH2O = nx -(n-1)x = x = nCnH2n-2Oz
Ngoi ra c th chng minh trng hp k =4 ca aren CnH2n 6Oz: nX = (nCO2 nH2O)/3
Cu 28: t chy cc hirocacbon ca dy ng ng no di y th t l mol H2O : mol CO2 gim khi s cacbon
tng.
A. ankan.
B. anken.
C. ankin.
D. aren
nH2O : nCO2 gim khi s C tng Ly s liu bi 27
Xt A.Ankan k=0 => nH2O / nCO2 = (n+1)x/nx = 1 + 1/n => n tng => T l gim do 1/n gim .
=> A . ankan ng
Xt thm cc trng hp khc thy r hn.
B.Anken k = 1 => nH2O / nCO2 = nx / nx =1 Ko tng ko gim Khng thay i
C.Ankin k=2 => nH2O / nCO2 = (n-1)x / nx = 1 1/n => n tng => T l tng do -1/n
D. tng t nh C => 1 3/n
Cu 29: Khi t chy ankan thu c H2O v CO2 vi t l tng ng bin i nh sau:
A. tng t 2 n + .
B. gim t 2 n 1.
C. tng t 1 n 2.
D. gim t 1 n 0.
Bi 28 => T l = 1 + 1/n Ta bit n 1 => vi n =1 => T l = 2 => vi n n v cng => T l ~ 1
Gim t 2 n 1 => B
Cu 30: Khng th iu ch CH4 bng phn ng no ?
A. Nung mui natri malonat vi vi ti xt.
B. Canxicacbua tc dng vi nc.
C. Nung natri axetat vi vi ti xt.
D. in phn dung dch natri axetat.
P A.

Na O C CH 2 C O Na 2 NaOH
P

to

P C.

CH 3COONa NaOH
CaO ,t CH 4

P D.

2CH 3COONa 2 H 2O

dpdd

CH
4

2 Na2CO3

Na2CO3

2CH 4 2CO2 NaOH

1
H2
2

Thy ngay B : CaC2 + H2O => Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 SGK 11 nng cao 178
B khng c p to ra CH4 => B
Mt s p khng c trong SGK Mi ngi c th mua quyn sch: Gip tr nh chui phn ng ha hc => Rt
hay v b ch
Ngoi ra cn c phn mm phng trnh : http://www.mediafire.com/?fncjommhrz2#1
Nhng phi in cht tham gia => Nu c phng trnh s c kt qu cho bn Ci ny ang th nghim Khng
nhiu phn ng
Cu 31: Trong phng th nghim c th iu ch metan bng cch no sau y ?
A. Nhit phn natri axetat vi vi ti xt.
B. Crackinh butan
C. T phn ng ca nhm cacbua vi nc.
D. A, C.
SGK 11 nng cao 146 => D 2 p u c trong SGK
Cu 32: Thnh phn chnh ca kh thin nhin l:
A. metan.
B. etan.
C. propan.
D. n-butan.
SGK 11 nng cao 202 => A.Metan => 70 95%
Cu 33: Xicloankan (ch c mt vng) A c t khi so vi nit bng 3. A tc dng vi clo c chiu sng ch cho mt
dn xut monoclo duy nht, xc nh cng thc cu to ca A ?
-8-

CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO
CH3

CH3
CH3

A.
.
B.
.
C. H3C
Xicloankan :CnH2n . MA = 28.3 = 84 V t khi vi N2 = 3 = 14n => n= 6

D.

H3C

CH3

CH3

Xt A.

=> C th to ra 4 sn phm.

Xt B.

=> Loi

=> C th to ra 1 sn phm Th v tr no cng ging nhau => B

CH3

Xt C.

H3C

=> C th to ra 3 sn phm => Loi 1 CH3 , 1 CH2

CH3

CH3
Xt D. H3C
=> C th to ra 2 sn phm => Loi 1 CH3 , 1 CH
Cu 34: Hai xicloankan M v N u c t khi hi so vi metan bng 5,25. Khi tham gia phn ng th clo (as, t l
mol 1:1) M cho 4 sn phm th cn N cho 1 sn phm th. Tn gi ca cc xicloankan N v M l:
A. metyl xiclopentan v imetyl xiclobutan.
B. Xiclohexan v metyl xiclopentan.
C. Xiclohexan v n-propyl xiclopropan.
D. C A, B, C u ng.
M xicloankan = 5,25.16 = 84 = 14n => n = 6 V t khi vi CH4 = 5,25
Xt A. metyl xiclopentanN v imetyl xiclobutanM

N : CH3 - CH2 CH2 CH2 => To ra 3 sn phm mono => Loi V to ra 1

CH2 CH2
M : CH3 CH CH - CH3 Hoc trng hp 2 CH3 cho nhau => To ra 3 sn phm.
CH2 CH2
Xt B. XiclohexanN v metyl xiclopentanM
N.

=> C th to ra 1 sn phm Th v tr no cng ging nhau => B Bi 33

CH3

M. Xt A.
=> C th to ra 4 sn phm.
Xt C. XiclohexanN v n-propyl xiclopropan M
N tha mn B
M. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH

CH2
CH2

=> Loi Bi 33 => Tha mn => B ng

=> 5 sn phm => Loi 4 sp

Cu 35: (A) l cht no trong phn ng sau y ?

A + Br2 Br-CH2-CH2-CH2-Br
A. propan.
B. 1-brompropan.
C. xiclopropan. D. A v B u ng.
Thy ngy: A , B loi v y l p cng Br2 ko phi phn ng th Th th phi to ra Axit HX X l halogen => D
loi lun V A,B sai => C ng
SGK 11 nc 149
Ch ch c vng 3 cnh mi c phn ng cng m vng Cng Br2 , HBr, X2 ,H2
Trng hp c bit vng 4 cnh ch cng H2 SGK
Cu 36: Dn hn hp kh A gm propan v xiclopropan i vo dung dch brom s quan st c hin tng no sau
y :
A. Mu ca dung dch nht dn, khng c kh thot ra.
B. Mu ca dung dch nht dn, v c kh thot ra.
C. Mu ca dung dch mt hn, khng cn kh thot ra.
D. Mu ca dung dch khng i.
-9-

CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO

A ng lun . Propan p th ; xiclopropan Vng 3 cnh p cng C 2 p u khng to ra kh

P SGK ca 2 bi ankan v xicloankan
Cu 37: Cho hn hp 2 ankan A v B th kh, c t l s mol trong hn hp: n A : nB = 1 : 4. Khi lng phn t
trung bnh l 52,4. Cng thc phn t ca hai ankan A v B ln lt l:
A. C2H6 v C4H10.B. C5H12 v C6H14.
C. C2H6 v C3H8.
D. C4H10 v C3H8
T l nA : nB = 1 : 4 => chn nA = x => nB = 4x Mnh thng ly x nhn vi t l => PT 1 n

mA + mB x.MA + 4x.MB MA + 4.MB

52, 4 MA+ 4MB = 262

nA + nB
x +4x
5

Mo : Th p n => A. C2H6 30 v C4H10 58 vo (I) => Tha mn => A ng

B,C,D u sai Mnh ngi vit th
Hoc c th gi A , B l CnH2n+2 ; CmH2m+2
=> 14n + 2 + 4.(14m + 2) = 262 14n + 64m = 252 ri th n,m t cc p n
Cu 38: Khi tin hnh craking 22,4 lt kh C 4H10 (ktc) thu c hn hp A gm CH 4, C2H6, C2H4, C3H6, C4H8, H2 v
C4H10 d. t chy hon ton A thu c x gam CO2 v y gam H2O. Gi tr ca x v y tng ng l:
A. 176 v 180.
B. 44 v 18.
C. 44 v 72.
D. 176 v 90.
BT nguyn t ca mt cht trc v sau p khng quan trng trung gian .
Ban u l C4H10 v cui cng l CO2 ; H2O .
BT Nguyn t C : 4nC4H10 = nCO2 nCO2 = 4 mol => m = 176 g
V C4H10 c 4C => 4nC4H10 ; CO2 c 1C => nCO2
BT Nguyn t H : 10nC4H10 = 2nH2O nH2O = 5 mol => m = 90 g => D
V C4H10 c 10H => 10nC4H10 ; H2O c 2H => 2nH2O
Cu 39: Craking n-butan thu c 35 mol hn hp A gm H 2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C4H8 v mt phn butan cha b
craking. Gi s ch c cc phn ng to ra cc sn phm trn. Cho A qua bnh nc brom d thy cn li 20 mol kh.
Nu t chy hon ton A th thu c x mol CO2.
a. Hiu sut phn ng to hn hp A l:
A. 57,14%.
B. 75,00%.
C. 42,86%.
D. 25,00%.
PP gii mt s bi cracking : C th ti y : http://www.mediafire.com/?sgp3nooxhs76y4y
Bn nn down v c file rt hay Mnh ko th ni ht c trong file chuyn ny c. Dng no hay nng cao
cht mnh s cho thm Trong file trn c li gii bi ny Bi 4
cho qu p to thnh 6 cht H2 , CH4 , C2H4, C2H6,C3H6,C4H8
PT cracking SGK 11 nng cao 145 Phn ng tch
Tng qut : Ankan => Ankan + Anken
CnH2n+2 => CmH2m +2 + Cn-mH2(n-m)
(1)
Hoc CnH2n+2=> CnH2n + H2
(2)
Trng hp c bit : 2CH4 => C2H2 + 3H2 P iu ch axetilen
Cracking ankan lun to ra anken Tr CH4 CnH2n VD: VD: C4H8 => C2H6 + C2H4
Hoc C4H8 => CH4 + C3H6 ; C4H8 => H2 + C4H8
V nAnkan cracking = nAnken to thnh. (ci ny p dng)
Ngoi ra cn CT .

dX
Y

M X nY

"V mX = mY" X l trc p , Y l sau p Bo ton khi lng

M Y nX

S mol kh tng sau p chnh bng s mol ankan tham gia p. V Theo PT : 1 v 2
Ly mol hn hp sau p - mol hn hp trc p = n hn hp cracking
VD :
C4H10 => CH4 + C3H6
Gi s ban u c 1 mol C4H8
Ban u:
1mol
P
:
x mol => xmol xmol
Sau p
:
1 x => x
x => n Sau p = 1-x + x + x = 1 +x

n trc p = 1 mol => nSau p - n Trc p = (1+x) 1 = x = nAnkan cracking

Gii: Khi cracking th sn phm ca cc phng trnh u cha anken.
Khi cho hn hp qua nc Br2 => Ch c anken p
nAnken p = nhn hp n cn li = 35 20 = 15 mol = nAnkan Cracking Cng thc
T CT : nsau n trc = n cracking 35 n trc = 15 n Trc = 20
H% = n cracking.100% / n ban u = 15.100%/20 = 75%
- 10 -

CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO

Phn ny c CT gii dng.

n sau n trc = n cracking ;

dX
Y

M X nY

"V mX = mY" ; n cracking = n anken

M Y nX

H% = ncracking .100% / n ban u

T l th tch = t l s mol => C th thay mol bng Th tch
b. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 140.
B. 70.
C. 80.
Bo ton nguyn tt C : 4nC4H10 ban u = nCO2 = 20.4 = 80 mol
V nC (trong C4H10) =

nC(trong hn hp A) m

D. 40.

nC = nCO2 => 4nC4H10 = nCO2

V C4H10 c 4C => 4nC4H10 ; CO2 c 1C => nCO2

Cu 40: Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th tch kh o cng iu
kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 12. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C6H14.
B. C3H8.
C. C4H10.
D. C5H12.
Ta c mX = mY BT khi lng T l th tch bng t l s mol
=> 3VX = VY 3nX = nY

3.

mX mY
MX = 3MY v mX = mY

MX MY

M MY = 12.2 = 24 T khi vi H2 = 12 => MX = 72 = 14n+2 Ankan : CnH2n+2 n = 5

=> D :C5H12
Cu 41: Khi crackinh hon ton mt ankan X thu c hn hp Y (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p
sut); t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 29. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C6H14.
B. C3H8.
C. C4H10.
D. C5H12
Bi ny thiu d kin : Cracking hon ton 1 ankan X thu c hn hp Y ; Th tch X bng tch Y.
Lm nh bi 40 => MX = MY = 58 = 14n+2 n = 4 => C : C4H10
Cu 42: Craking 8,8 gam propan thu c hn hp A gm H 2, CH4, C2H4, C3H6 v mt phn propan cha b craking.
Bit hiu sut phn ng l 90%. Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca A l:
A. 39,6.
B. 23,16.
C. 2,315.
D. 3,96.
n propan C3H8 ban u = 0,2 mol ; nPropan cracking = 0,2.90%/100% = 0,18 mol V H% = 90%
AD: n sau p n trc p = n craking n sau = n trc + ncracking = 0,2 + 0,18 = 0,38 mol
m sau = m trc = 8,8g => M sau = 8,8/0,38 = 23,16 => B
Cu 43: Craking 40 lt n-butan thu c 56 lt hn hp A gm H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C4H8 v mt phn n-butan
cha b craking (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). Gi s ch c cc phn ng to ra cc sn
phm trn. Hiu sut phn ng to hn hp A l:
A. 40%.
B. 20%.
C. 80%.
D. 20%.
ADCT : Vsau p - V trc p = V cracking V cracking = 56 40 = 16 lt
=> H% = V cracking.100% / V ban u Hay V trc = 16.100% / 40 = 40%
Cu 44: Craking m gam n-butan thu c hp A gm H 2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C4H8 v mt phn butan cha b
craking. t chy hon ton A thu c 9 gam H2O v 17,6 gam CO2. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,8.
B. 11,6.
C. 2,6.
D. 23,2.
Ta lun c mhidrocabon = 12.nCO2 + 2. nH2O
V nC trong CxHy = nCO2 ; nH trong CxHy = 2nH2O Bo ton nguyn t C, H
P dng cng thc trn => m = 12.0,4 + 2.0,5 = 5,8 g => A
Cng thc xem thm trong file down load mt s pp gii nhanh mnh son + ti liu:
http://www.mediafire.com/?veboxpwbw8to8vy
Cu 45: t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi khng kh (trong khng
kh, oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v 9,9 gam nc. Th tch khng kh ( ktc) nh nht
cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l
A. 70,0 lt.
B. 78,4 lt.
C. 84,0 lt.
D. 56,0 lt.
Bo ton nguyn t O trc v sau p :
2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O trong O2 c 2O ; trong CO2 c 2O ; trong H2O c 1O
2nO2 = 2.0,35 + 0,55 nO2 = 0,625 mol => VO2 p = 14 lt => Vkk = 5VO2 = 70 lt V Oxi chim 20% kk hay
- 11 -

CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO

1/5 khng kh
Cu 46: t chy mt hn hp hirocacbon ta thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) v 2,7 gam H2O th th tch O2 tham gia
phn ng chy (ktc) l:
A. 5,6 lt.
B. 2,8 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 3,92 lt.
Tng t bi 45 => D
Cu 47: Hn hp kh A gm etan v propan. t chy hn hp A thu c kh CO2 v hi H2O theo t l th tch
11:15. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca hn hp l:
A. 18,52% ; 81,48%.
B. 45% ; 55%.
C. 28,13% ; 71,87%. D. 25% ; 75%.
Xem li bi 27 => Ankan c k = 0 => nhn hp ankan = nH2O nCO2
CT ankan = CnH2n+2 => n = nCO2/nankan = nCO2/(nH2O nCO2)
Khi hn hp ankan th n = nCO2/(nH2O nCO2)
T l nCO2 : nH2O = 11 : 15 => Chn nCO2 =11 mol => nH2O = 15mol
=> n = 11/(15 11) = 2,75 => 0,25n Propan = 0,75n Etan hay nPropan = 3nEtan
Chn netan = 1 => nPropan = 3 => % theo khi lng Propan = 3.44.100%/ (1.30 + 3.44) =81,48%
A
Mi ngi nn xem qua phn phng php gii nhanh => T l s mol hoc %V nhanh t n
i vi 2 cht lin tip
n = n, => S ng sau => chnh l %V Cht c C ln v 1 0, . n B (C ln) = . nA (C nh)
V nu n = 3,4 => n = 3 v n = 4 V lin tip c th l ankan => %V C4H10 = 40% => %V C3H8 = 60 % ;
( 1- 0,4).nC4H10 = 0,4nC3H8 0,6 nC4H10 = 0,4 nC3H8 3 nC4H10 = 2nC3H8 T l
Mnh hay dng cch ny - Chng bit c hay vi bn ko tham kho thm nh
Cu 48: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO2 v 0,132 mol H2O. Khi X
tc dng vi kh clo thu c 4 sn phm monoclo. Tn gi ca X l:
A. 2-metylbutan.
B. etan.
C. 2,2-imetylpropan.
D. 2-metylpropan.
Gi CT : CxHy => x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 0,11 : 0,264 = 5 : 12 => X l C5H12 (p n 5C )
X tc dng to ra 4 sn phm monoclo .
Xt A. 2 metyl butan :
CH3 CH CH2 CH3 => To ra 4 sp => A ng
CH3
B , C , D u ch to ra 1 .
Cu 49: Mt hn hp 2 ankan lin tip trong dy ng ng c t khi hi vi H2 l 24,8.
a. Cng thc phn t ca 2 ankan l:
A. C2H6 v C3H8. B. C4H10 v C5H12.
C. C3H8 v C4H10.
D. Kt qu khc
Ankan => CT trung bnh : C n H 2n +2

=> M = 14n 2 = 24,8.2 <=> n 3,4 =>n = 3 v n =4

Do lin tip => C3H8 v C4H10

b. Thnh phn phn trm v th tch ca 2 ankan l:
A. 30% v 70%.
B. 35% v 65%.
AD bi 47 =>

C. 60% v 40%.

D. 50% v 50%

n 3,4 => %V C4H10 C ln = 40% ; %V C3H8 = 60%

Cu 50: iu kin tiu chun c 1 hn hp kh gm 2 hirocacbon no A v B, t khi hi ca hn hp i vi H 2 l

12.
a. Khi lng CO2 v hi H2O sinh ra khi t chy 15,68 lt hn hp ( ktc).
A. 24,2 gam v 16,2 gam.B. 48,4 gam v 32,4 gam.C. 40 gam v 30 gam. D. Kt qu khc.
Hn hp 2 hidrocacbon no => CT: C n H 2n +2
C H
M = 12.2 = 24 Do t khi vi H2 = 12 = 14 n + 2 => n =; => CT : 117 367
11
18
CO2 +
H2O
7
7
7
7
Ta c
0,7 mol
=> 1,1mol 1,8 mol => mCO2 = 48,4g ; mH2O = 32,4 g => B
b. Cng thc phn t ca A v B l:
A. CH4 v C2H6. B. CH4 v C3H8.
C. CH4 v C4H10.
D. C A, B v C.
Ta c 1 < n = 11/7 => Chc chn hn hp s c CH4 => A , B , C tha mn ng b la khng k tip nha
- 12 Mo: PT p : C11 H 36 + O2 =>

CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO

Cu 51: t 10 cm3 mt hirocacbon bng 80 cm3 oxi (ly d). Sn phm thu c sau khi cho hi nc ngng t
cn 65 cm3 trong c 25 cm3 oxi d. Cc th tch trong cng iu kin. CTPT ca hirocacbon l:
A. C4H10.
B. C4H6.
C. C5H10.
D. C3H8
Gi CT : CxHy
Ngng t hi nc => Cn 65cm3 m c 25cm3 oxi d => 65 cm3 l ca CO2 v O2 d
VCO2 = 65 25 = 40 cm3 => x = VCO2 / Vhidrocacbon = 40 / 10 = 4
VO2 p = 80 25 = 65 cm3 => x + y/4 = VO2 / Vhidrocacbon = 65 / 10
4 + y/4 = 6,5 y = 6 => C4H6 => B
Cu 52: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hai ankan k tip trong dy ng ng c 24,2 gam CO 2 v 12,6 gam
H2O. Cng thc phn t 2 ankan l:
A. CH4 v C2H6. B. C2H6 v C3H8.
C. C3H8 v C4H10.
D. C4H10 v C5H12
nCO2
0,55
=
=3,67=> n =3 (C3H8) v n =4 (C4H10) =>C
Ankan => ADCT : n=
nH2O - nCO2 0,7-0,55
Xem t phng php gii nhanh ha hu c. Down load file trn.
Cu 53: X l hn hp 2 ankan. t chy ht 10,2 gam X cn 25,76 lt O 2 (ktc). Hp th ton b sn phm chy
vo nc vi trong d c m gam kt ta.
a. Gi tr m l:
A. 30,8 gam.
B. 70 gam.
C. 55 gam.
D. 15 gam
Mo . Mnh hay dng cch ny ch bm my tnh :
Gi x ,y l s mol CO2 v H2O => m hn hp X = 12.nCO2 + 2.nH2O = 12x + 2y = 10,2
CT xem pp gii nhanh hoc => m hn hp X = mC + mH M nC = nCO2 ; nH = 2nH2O
BT nguyn t Oxi trc v sau p => 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O 2x + y = 2,3
Gii h => x = 0,7 ; y = 0,9 => nCO2 = nCaCO3 Kt ta = 0,7 => m kt ta = 70g
b. Cng thc phn t ca A v B l:
A. CH4 v C4H10. B. C2H6 v C4H10.
C. C3H8 v C4H10.
D. C A, B v C.
nCO2
0,7
=
3,5 A, B , C u ph hp v n nm gia s C 2 cht .
ADCT : n=
nH2O - nCO2 0,9-0,7
D
Cch khc vit PT :
(3n+1)
CnH2n+2 +
O2 => n CO2 + (n+1)H2O ;
PT :
2
2,3
mol<=1,15 mol
(3n+1)
10,2
=> M CnH2n+2 = 14n +2 =
2,3.(14n +2) = 10,2(3n+1) <=> n = 3,5
2,3
3n+1
Th vo PT : C3,5H9 + 5,75O2 => 3,5 CO2 + 4,5H2O
1,15 => 0,7
=>0,9 => . Cch ny c th tm c n lun nhng mt nhiu cng
=> Mnh ngh lm cch trn bm my tnh nhanh hn.
Cu 54: Hirocacbon X chy cho th tch hi nc gp 1,2 ln th tch CO 2 (o cng k). Khi tc dng vi clo to
m t dn xut monoclo duy nht. X c tn l:
A. isobutan.
B. propan.
C. etan.
D. 2,2- imetylpropan.
Gi CT : CxHy => x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = VCO2 : 2 VH2O = 1 : 2,4 = 5 : 12
=> C5H12 => Loi B v C
Ch to ra mt dn xut monoclo duy nht => D Gp nhiu ri
A c th to thnh 4 dn xut monoclo duy nht CT : iso.. = s C 1
Cu 55: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon l ng ng lin tip, sau phn ng thu c
VCO2:VH2O =1:1,6 (o cng k). X gm:
A. CH4 v C2H6.
B. C2H4 v C3H6.
C. C2H2 v C3H6.
D. C3H8 v C4H10.
VCO2 : VH2O = 1 : 1,6 nCO2 : nH2O = 1 : 1,6 Chn nCO2 = 1 => nH2O = 1,6
nCO2
1
=
=1,67=>n=1v n = 2 => A T l th tch = t l s mol => Thay n = V
ADCT : n=
nH2O - nCO2 1,6- 1
- 13 -

CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO

Cu 56: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo nc vi trong c 20 gam
kt ta. Lc b kt ta ri un nng phn nc lc li c 10 gam kt ta na. V y X khng th l:
A. C2H6.
B. C2H4.
C. CH4.
D. C2H2
Xem bi 97 chuyn 1 => nCO2 = nCaCO3 + 2nCaCO3 nung = 0,2 + 2.0,1 = 0,4
=> x = nCO2 / nX = 2 S C trong X => A , B , D u tha mn => C sai Khng th 1C
Cu 57: n gin ta xem xng l hn hp cc ng phn ca hexan v khng kh gm 80% N 2 v 20% O2 (theo
th tch). T l th tch xng (hi) v khng kh cn ly l bao nhiu xng c chy hon ton trong cc ng c
t trong ?
A. 1: 9,5.
B. 1: 47,5.
C. 1:48.
D. 1:50
ng phn hexan => Tng l hexan : c CT : C6H14
x + y/4 = nO2 / nC6H14 6 + 14/4 = nO2 / nC6H14 = 9,5 nkk / nC6H14 = 5.9,5 = 47,5 => B
V Vkk = 5VO2 VO2 = Vkk / 5 hay nO2 = nkk /5= nkk / 5.nC6H14 = 9,5 => nkk / nC6H14 = 47,5
=>B T l V = t l s mol
Cu 58: t chy hon ton hn hp hai hirocacbon ng ng c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 28 vC, ta thu
c 4,48 l CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. CTPT ca 2 hirocacbon trn l:
A. C2H4 v C4H8. B. C2H2 v C4H6.
C. C3H4 v C5H8.
D. CH4 v C3H8.
Mo : Ta c nH2O > nCO2 0,3 > 0,2 => k = 0
=> Loi A , B , C A c k =1 ; B v C c k = 2 => D
nCO2
0,2
=
=2 => Chc chn c n =1 Khng th c n =2 c v 2 cht hn km
Cch khc: ADCT : n=
nH2O - nCO2 0,3- 0,2
nhau 28vc ; bng 2 khi v ch khi c 2 cht l ng phn
Vi n = 1 => CH4 v C3H8 v hn km nhau 28 => D ng
Cu 59: Cho 224,00 lt metan (ktc) qua h quang c V lt hn hp A (ktc) cha 12% C 2H2 ;10% CH4 ; 78%H2 (v
th tch). Gi s ch xy ra 2 phn ng:
2CH4 C2H2 + 3H2 (1)
CH4 C + 2H2
(2)
Gi tr ca V l:
A. 407,27.
B. 448,00.
C. 520,18.
D. 472,64.
Cu 60: t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hn hp A (ktc) gm CH 4, C2H6 v C3H8 thu c V lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 7,2
gam H2O. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 5,60.
B. 6,72.
C. 4,48.
D. 2,24.
Hn hp A u l ankan hay c k = 0
nH2O nCO2 = nhn hp 0,4 nCO2 = 0,1 nCO2 = 0,3 => V = 6,72 lt => B
Xem li CT bi 27
Cu 61: t chy hon ton 6,72 lt hn hp A (ktc) gm CH 4, C2H6, C3H8, C2H4 v C3H6, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2
(ktc) v 12,6 gam H2O. Tng th tch ca C2H4 v C3H6 (ktc) trong hn hp A l:
A. 5,60.
B. 3,36.
C. 4,48.
D. 2,24.
Hn hp A gm ankan CH4;C2H6;C3H8 v anken C2H4 v C3H6
nH2O nCO2 = nhn hp ankan V nH2O = nCO2 trng hp anken t chy => tr cho nhau trit tiu =>
cn li nH2O nCO2 = n ankan => nhn hp ankan = 0,7 0,5 = 0,2 mol
n hn hp anken = nhn hp A nhn hp Ankan = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol => V = 2,24 lt
Bi tp tng t trong t phng php gii nhanh ha hu c
Cu 62: t chy hon ton hn hp A gm CH 4, C2H2, C3H4, C4H6 thu c x mol CO2 v 18x gam H2O. Phn trm
th tch ca CH4 trong A l:
A. 30%.
B. 40%.
C. 50%.
D. 60%.
Thu c x mol CO2 v 18x g H2O => nCO2 = nH2O = x mol => ging trng hp k = 1
Hn hp A cha ankan l CH4 k=0 v ankin :C2H2 ; C3H4 ; C4H6 k=2
thnh k =1 => nCH4 = nC2H2 + nC3H4 + nC4H6 => %CH4 = 50% Mt na
Cu ny my khng r cch gii thch.
Cu 63: t chy hon ton hn hp kh X gm 2 hirocacbon A v B l ng ng k tip thu c 96,8 gam CO 2 v
57,6 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca A v B l:
A. CH4 v C2H6. B. C2H6 v C3H8.
C. C3H8 v C4H10.
D. C4H10 v C5H12
nH2O > nCO2 => k = 0 ankan ADCT => n => B ng

- 14 -

CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO

Cu 64: Hn hp kh X gm 2 hirocacbon A v B l ng ng k tip. t chy X vi 64 gam O 2 (d) ri dn sn

phm thu c qua bnh ng Ca(OH) 2 d thu c 100 gam kt ta. Kh ra khi bnh c th tch 11,2 lt 0 oC v 0,4
atm. Cng thc phn t ca A v B l:
A. CH4 v C2H6. B. C2H6 v C3H8.
C. C3H8 v C4H10.
D. C4H10 v C5H12
Kh thot ra khi bnh l O2 d V sn phm c CO2 v H2O b hp th ht khi qua Ca(OH)2 cn li O2
nO2 d = PV/T.0,082 = 0,4.11,2 / 273.0,082 = 0,2 mol => nO2 p = 2 0,2 = 1,8 mol
p n => A, B u l Ankan ; nCO2 = nCaCO3 = 1 mol
(3n+1)
O2 => n CO2 + (n+1)H2O
PT : CnH2n+2 +
2
Ta c:
1,8
1
(3n+1)
=> 1.
= 1,8n <=> n=1,67=>n=1v n =2 =>A Nhn cho
2
Cu 65: Khi t chy hon ton V lt hn hp kh gm CH4, C2H6, C3H8 (ktc) thu c 44 gam CO2 v 28,8 gam H2O. Gi tr
l:
A. 8,96.
B. 11,20.
C. 13,44.
D. 15,68.
Hn hp kh u l ankan => n hn hp = nH2O nCO2 = 1,6 1 = 0,6 => V = 13,44 lt = > C
Cu 66: Khi t chy hon ton 7,84 lt hn hp kh gm CH4, C2H6, C3H8 (ktc) thu c 16,8 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v x
gam H2O. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 6,3.
B. 13,5.
C. 18,0.
D. 19,8.
Tng t bi 65 => D nH2O = nhn hp ankan + nCO2
Cu 67: Khi t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ankan l ng ng k tip thu c 7,84 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 9,0 gam
H2O. Cng thc phn t ca 2 ankan l:
A. CH4 v C2H6. B. C2H6 v C3H8.
C. C3H8 v C4H10.
D. C4H10 v C5H12.
nCO2
Ankan => ADCT tnh n=
=> B
nH2O - nCO2
Cu 68: Np mt hn hp kh c 20% th tch ankan A v 80% th tch O 2 (d) vo kh nhin k. Sau khi cho n ri
cho hi nc ngng t nhit ban u th p sut trong kh nhin k gim i 2 ln. Thit lp cng thc phn t ca
ankan A.
A. CH4.
B. C2H6.
C. C3H8 .
D.C4H10.
Hn hp 20% V ankan A v 80% V O2 => T l th tch = t l s mol => 4nA = nO2
chn nA = 1 mol => nO2 = 4 mol
(3n+1)
PT :
CnH2n+2 +
O2 => n CO2 + (n+1)H2O
2
Ban u:
1 mol
4mol
(3n+1)
P
1 mol =>
mol => n mol n+1 mol
2
(3n+1)
Sau p
4
n mol n+1 mol
2
(3n+1)
Sau khi ngng t hi nc => n hn hp sau = nO2 d + nCO2 to thnh = 4
+ n
2
n trc p = nAnkan + nO2 = 1 + 4 = 5 mol

Ta c : n hn hp ban u / n hn hp sau =

P1.V
n1 T.0,082
P1 P1
=
=
=
=2
P2.V
n2
P2 P1
T.0,082
2

V th tch khng thay i +

Nhit khng thay i + p sut gim 1 na

5
10
=2<=>
=2 <=> n= 2
=>
=> C2H6 Bi ny tng qut mnh qun l 1 cht => khng phi n m
(3n+1)
7-n
4+n
2
l n nh

- 15 -

CHUYN 2 :

HIROCACBON NO

Cu 69: t chy mt s mol nh nhau cua 3 hirocacbon K, L, M ta thu c lng CO 2 nh nhau v t l s mol
nc v CO2 i vi s mol ca K, L, M tng ng l 0,5 : 1 : 1,5. Xc nh CT K, L, M (vit theo th t tng ng):
A. C2H4 , C2H6 , C3H4.
B. C3H8 , C3H4 , C2H4. C. C3H4 , C3H6 , C3H8.D. C2H2 , C2H4 , C2H6
Ta thy t cng 1 s mol to ra cng 1 lng CO2 => K, L , M cng s C.
K => nH2O / nCO2 = 1/2 => chn nH2O = 1 => nCO2 = 2 nCO2 > nH2O Ankin CnH2n-2
ADCT : => n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 2 / (2 -1) = 2 => C2H2
TH2 : nH2O / nCO2 = 1 => nH2O = nCO2 => anken => C2H4 v K,L,M cng s C
TH3 : nH2O / nCO2 =3/2 => chn nH2O = 3 => nCO2 = 2 nH2O > nCO2 Ankan CnH2n+2
ADCT => n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 2 / (3-2) =2 => C2H6 Hoc thy cng s C => n=2
=>D
Cu 70: Nung m gam hn hp X gm 3 mui natri ca 3 axit no n chc vi NaOH d thu c
cht rn D v hn hp Y gm 3 ankan. T khi ca Y so vi H2 l 11,5. Cho D tc dng vi H2SO4
d thu c 17,92 lt CO2 (ktc).
a. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 42,0.
B. 84,8.
C. 42,4.
D. 71,2.
Axit no n chc => k = 0 Gc hidrocabon ; m = 1 S chc
=> CnH2n +2 - 1 COOH Xc nh theo cch 1 Hay CnH2n +1 COOH
=> Mui : CnH2n +1 COONa SGK 11 nc 252 Tnh cht ha hc nh axit
PT : CnH2n +1 COONa +NaOH => CnH2n +2 (hhY) + Na2CO3 (D) (1)
P iu ch ankan SGK 11nc 146
Ta c Na2CO3 + H2SO4 => Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
nNa2CO3 = nCO2 = 0,8 mol Th vo PT 1 => nNa2CO3 = nhhY = nNaOH = 0,8 mol
BT khi lng => m + mNaOH = mhh Y + mNa2CO3
m + 0,8.40 = 0,8.11,5.2 + 0,8.106 V t l khi Y so vi H2 = 11,5 => m = 71,2 g => D
b. Tn gi ca 1 trong 3 ankan thu c l:
A. metan.
B. etan.
C. propan.
D. butan.
Ta c M hh Y = 11,5 . 2 = 23 = 14n +2 => n = 1,5 => Chc chn phi c n =1 => CH4 => A

CHUYN 2 :
1B
11C
21A
31D
41C
51B
61D

2A
12B
22B
32A
42B
52C
62C

3C
13C
23D
33B
43A
53BD
63B

4B
14C
24D
34B
44A
54D
64A

5D
15B
25D
35C
45A
55A
65C

HIROCACBON NO
6D
16D
26C
36A
46D
56C
66D

7A
17A
27B
37A
47A
57B
67B

8DA
18B
28A
38D
48A
58D
68B

9B
19B
29B
39BC
49CC
59A
69D

p n khng phi ng 100% u nh c th 1 s p n sai

Bn c cho kin v cu . Mnh v mt s ngi s xem li.
Cm n bn gip .
Chc bn thnh cng.

- 16 -

10D
20C
30B
40D
50BD
60B
70DA