Te) USL! Geyata architecture in greece
Crees uM mY C3 rt
eC eT
Pein ee crite
CO ue a eerie LD122
*HAEKTpoOVviKT) TOAEOSOpia
OU doxtréxrovog T. X. Zevérou, 1962
9. 'H AAeKtpoviKi) moAN (1)
B) Of xapet Siapisoe
“Onug dva@épenne 79 a! soos, 10 aro
xelomnepiBhquara Bqoupyiag Tov x6pa¥
biapidcews elva teAelag dvekaprntaand
rey Gopéa, nou Exsi ToAd jeyaActepN
Bidorcia Gurls (One Evac ToAVOpIoOS
oxedetdg Ta oro1xeIa Bourg ToD énoiou
Shavexonowonoiouvtat of repirewon ae
Aavig), (2). "H vegaptonainon adh
noocedpei Kol Th ueyiom eUe\kic om
Biguépgwon Tod. MepIBaAROVTES. ETiv
nporaon exouy UehermOei Bo napadha-
yes ué: vénineda-yeuBpaveq> val «énine-
3a dnosoxfg-Suctudicra> (and cuvbe
Be Gass). TA npara elvar m6 olxovouins,
Gna Enitpenauy Evav oplouevo [ovo a
pigud napardayav, evo ta tedeutota,
Extog TOU On elval oXeBev dtagayn, npO-
‘ooépouy cyadn edeueepla ovh Sataen,
6 nodooT) KaADWEWS Kal TOUS TUNOUS
‘oroixelav Bané50u (H So0¢ig). Bro napa
Seiya 700 uimponepipddAovros nod nepIe
yoaperai #85 xpnetionomenee 6 ronee
“Sicroapar (wpIG HOvILO dne5o Kai
poe)
Aidpepuon the Gaite Kat
Tav X@pwv Stapiovine ord UéAAov.
“H advaeon ro nepiBaNAovTog a6 napé-
Beiyua neu napouordzouue Snag Galvera
Kal or0 oxeB1a, elval wid noeeTiKh Eoap-
ovhh The-Siodoyic orometov Gnd Tov
fouitn dvoueca o& wd ueyarn rownio
npolavrwy 700 rouge «xOpoV SiapovAe>
ROU 86 Biasétet H Ayopa ob wepAKA xO-
Ma. Ta axorxeia tonoBerobvtat én6 OV
Karomo otbv domed gopéa Unooxte or)
BiarakN rou EmOypel Kal cuvBéovrar je
thy évagpia elf Onobouh,
‘H kowarmnt cuyxpotnan rev tne-oueswv
Rov éxppage Sev 6a elvat nOAL 6iagop
‘xh and tf} enwepiva, €AAG 88 rapoust
Ger pid tepagtie eUKapia wal Kur EIKOTN-
a oth Sidp@pwor ing nal oviy avekaoen-
ola %av pedaw mg Rove The GuvaTémTaG
napanrndng dvacuveéceus tod umpo-
ral paxpo-nepiadnovros, (H «avaguvee-
ony BEV doopd eiBiKa th suetaxivnon>,
Spog nod 64 Exe xdoet th onuaola TOU
07D UeMAov xdion ota dvarruyuEva ues
mestvepyeiov)
"0 Bv8panog A A 6udB0, 8600 navel 18
smevTaetég> Te MPdyPAuUA dpieuOd Kal
{nov GuEBlodvTOY Groywy al The
neplniou nooBhenduevec Skiers (vévvn:
fon naiBisy xa), 6 vowtager TAY avayicta
Beran ,
B) cwuatixh Goxnon, Tom f ovo guawKe
nepiBé\Mov 100 éBdGous,
Y) aekouahinh Caf, avdnauon,
eee neKviBiod-yunwaonxfic. Napabety-
ara tov uéowy adtay @aivovrat ara
oxebias elves Frox Quiayyeva Gove Axl
Zovrag 16 ranyvtbt, BEALIGBEV-BEAEIG YU
uvéteoat
‘Tees, TO nepnémua 8A dnoxKrf}oet Fava
‘Tyenjiaoia Tou yiar oi Baowés Socom
Omres Kal 10 xEvrpa Unnpeoway 2 elva
fob axiva nefoo (yeyovos ntod- 88 énava-
6pe1 Eva BaoKe napdyovta avanrUEeIG
Rowwavikav érago¥)
Y) Erhy mepioxh yixpo-eoxayibiag, Eva wé-
og 700 xanoU Siasworwe BO Karadau-
Baverat nepiodin’ vid: ouuBamixes ceeOU-
ahxes Spasmpiémntec, avarauon’ A
Soriyjuato» Onve. Pa Gooug Bxouy éxoumn
mhéyicra dvayang yovdoews 88 Ondoxet
MG kivath apaipa Gnoyovdcews,
“Orwg BAenoune, extog dnd Ty TeAewonok
‘non évbq eUKauTou Gopéa Too aduatog
dF BvadhaaaduEveR POdIKEG oGoEIG LE
‘Th BonBe1a wide Texvuxhe évahaacobys-
You dvykugou 00 x00 WAovrOG), xO
Gnvodunéro 64 xerapynsel. TO séba-
goss ueTd th xpfion KaraxAlcenc 86 Spr
foveudvera f 86 nalpve édAes «avo.
‘Anoun, 68 KaTapYNBODY Ta KAtwooxENG:
liquid in the void between the two skins:
‘aty" compartments will permit partial
screening and occasional viewing areas.
The lighting. of interior space will be
supplied by the same double membrane
through activation of phosphorous part
los, Lkowiea, tno exterior curface (as well
as. screens) "will. provide lighting for
‘common living areas, whose intensity can
be controlled automaticaly by a photostat-
ie device, thus completing or gradually
replacing natural lignting.
Invthis unit the individual, having at his
disposal "all avaliable means. for the
extension of his natural abilities, will be
able to retreat and icolate himsoit com-
lately, meditate, relax or be active. "In
there", ne will be everywhere or nowhere.
2, The’ sedentary life and intense mental
sctivity of the man of tomorrow, combined
with the nead to find new cecupations for
the members of the “leisure society”, will
require "new stimuli to encourage’ the
development, of sports (today we are =
society ‘of sports fans” rathor than
athletes) and everyday bodily exercise.
Besides extonsive and varied facilities on
the ground, the indivicual willbe provided
within his residential area, with "attractive"
game-exercise equipment. Examples of
these are shown inthe drawings: they work
in euch a way that participation inthe camo
stimulates exercise,
Finally, walking will regain its olé impor
tance,’ all basic. activities “and service
enirde Being within walking distance from
the dwelling, and tus one of the basic
uate Kal, guoind, 18 , 1a row
Wine Bgpara, Xo [EhAov, Ol vées AvOKGAT-
eis. 68 cuvavnidvrat orode’ neCGBpo-
Hous, naw 4nd t8 Bda0g, otig mAareieg
wal Tole BAcug xdg0ug énagav nou
Napgufdhdovrat yerago Ta xepaY Be
ova,
Alagopeg tyraraoTéaeig 68 npoopépoUy
Ta udoa ed Ouabuks ExBNAOTEIGe
nayvi6ia xd,
“Enrg dnd the dueaes énagés, 4 tolKeG-
o80vn_MmAcopdcewe, we SuvarornTa «é-
vepyo0 auuuetoxiic» oo SeaTh, Oa mpo-
opépet Sreipo dpisud MAEBpaamoIOT-
Tov. H Byxpun =pwtdarern elke wey
Ane axpiBewe = ouurdnipwueyn (apysre-
pa) “kal le \leradoon «mAnpogoaiBve
Sou nal devig = 88 Enrpéiper nanpels
Bragee ue TeGewra Kal bidoopa Evan-
Aagcoueva “nepiBadrovea, -TAeTaRBic
ka Méoo hg 86vng 6 GvBpunoc BO
when it will be sufficient to obtain the
information on the product's composition
‘and structural design in order to put it
Together = out of elementary particles at
the place of consumption)
Allelementsof the dwelling environmentof
man, when no longor satisfactory to the
Consumer (either Because he will want
something different or because of new or
improved types). would be roturned to tho
0.0.6.6. (Organisation forthe Distribution
of Consumer Goods) of to the O.R.ALM.
(Organisation for the Restitution of Raw
Materials, and the consumer would then
acquire other elements, debited to his
account @). All laments (of both short and
Tong life-span, @.. carrying cables) would
‘be made of ayntnetic materials requiring no
maintenance and capable of being
polymerised again and again, thus conser
Ing raw materials and eliminating waste,
5, The proposed structure of the city and
the release of man, thanks 10 tele
processing, from ‘useless traveling for
‘veryday routine matters, will permit and
encourage all aspects of social activities,
‘The resulting free time will infuse human
ationships with anew dimension, refit
Ing tho quiet contomplation of the essence
of things, Prolenged stays in one place,
Sino travel to distant places to work will no
onger be necessary, and the chance to take
Tong walks in the thvee-dimensional space
structure will offer considerable oppor:
tunities for people to meet. They wil
fexenange at leleure - 95 in the (amall cities
fof ancient times, information and know124
mopel va nepaxchoushees h xel va rapes
épog oF Beduara, va strioncotste Bva
‘uAM6 omits (ary Gan xon the Ye). v8
vet 18 va Tou KOK. Téhog, h mpoiovta Kal éaxiora sroppil=
hava, 210 GnaiBpo 84 Byalvouy éniong
Yuvos, tre By ol KalpiKee cuvenKes
Elvai Buoueveic. Tére 88 GopOuV Lid Ke
ancéuevn Popa, ué j6vo e&Gptnwa Bva
opmodéxtn érwmowuviy. YOrav én
‘orpéqouy ontnt Tous 94 dervouy Th o6p-
hha oev «Bakayo elaodou: Kal 3900 pe
kagtoGy 84 unalvowy arév xOpo too
sEheyxouevou nepiBadovro5» (BA. ox. 97,
36, 41, 42 wal 44).
Td dv8pdmuvo nepiBdAAov
ord uéMov_
“H dont tig ndAewe al tiie Katouniag roo
‘auipio npénet va elvat Kavi qeuyaneo Kel
S00 16 Suvarov Guna. "H Euaon mpére:
va 808c! oth aan, nob elvai 76 mio dal
Avaxoupionno Kai napatryre oToKeTo
while on the ground, in addition to the
sports folds and the open natural spaces
for periodic activites, a basic sector is
davoted to education In ite wider sense,
‘mainly for pre-schoo! children. This ype of
‘education wilinot involve the accumulation
‘of knowledge in school buildings, but
Instead systems designed to nelp man
adapt to nature and society. Demountable
transformable social (urban) micro-
environments will prepare the children for
their future life (Gomething similar to
current proposals for “free sohoots",
‘schools on the street” etc)
Naturally, the urban structure of he old city
will, after renewal, be preserved = not as &
monument but as’ living organism,
The house of tomorrow,
@ hypothetical design
‘The typical elements ofthe living space are
not "bubbles", suchas they appear in some
drawings. The bubbles are simply indica-
tive of skins protecting "tne "various
‘organs” of everyéay life (4), and they can
be pormanant oF Instant (tomate use
rigid or pnoumatie
‘eventually “dilata
‘depending on what will 9 availablo
(on the market (always, however, using the
‘minimum possible weight and quantity of
raw materials). The skins could iso be
completely eliminated in the case of people
needing no more than a simple vicual ang
2coustie insulation, which ean be achieved
through special earphones and eye speci
yee tev Gvépuno, ue vd drole npénet va.
eivat cb Queon énagh (5).
'O péhog rob Sdooug, Tovhégiotov dnd
olKevoutere mAcupac, aay tva npooTa-
reuTixo otoneTo Kava Tig woAEvoEa Kal
Ov voxAnaeuy mov mpoepxovrar ro
Tov avéparo (tig HeraBlounyavIS KOK
Vawiag), Bev 04 Rpénet ve ayvoctral TO
Rpdowe npénei ve avkavera orev {Bio
PuBub nov adgdveral fy Katavé\won mn
Yow évepyeiag ut dkeidc0n (8). Fiver h
gun evden, aaréyan xl xaos tron.
Pluwata Piopnxavia otbv KooHO Kal A
Groredsouarm ord va Siaguadést thy
olkxooyuh loopportia nou té00 xaciago-
aote.
‘Havayen r00 abrosauuacuod (rg atrto-
ReneiBAcead) Tod évepanivou efSoug 84
Ikavonoiettai cto wédtov ané:
@) aoth kaeauTh Thy npakn avantUEeng
kel ouvinpficeus 100 gustKod nepisan
hovtos,
8) tiv iotopia tou, ue wh DiaodAaky Kal
uvmpnon TOV UpictaHévav néAEwY Kal
lovopwav wwnietav,
¥) Thy Grewia Tov SuvarorHTev nob 8a,
Tot npoagéperf texvohoyla nod ouvexOg
84 évantuoaerat,
3) ra soTiyiiaio jvnpeia> Kal «nepipar-
Jovras riod 86 Bnutoupyet (84 éroonKeL
dvrai orig xpaneZeg rAnpogopia-
ovesta), (7),
®) thy té}0m kal tic evarrtuypeves Koiver
vines dvremayés,
ZAuAn épxtrexrovirn
“Eva Bao dpyrextovind arorxelo F «Bu
dt f) xOp0q Gnopovaceas via Eva
Srouo Ayia Oudba drow, xapaxmpiot
KO Tg GUANE Siayopeécea TO xwpOU,
86 cla Td drovotind, uid BeArauevn
xsoan (UE Kepcla, EvBiaqieon peradoon
s@potoyaroc. houxtage na) aurdv nod
Xpnowonowooue chuiepa vid étouLeh
@xpeaon uovoHRA ) BiSaxrnne Chns,
cles.
The entire environment (meaning the
climatically controlled space) wil be
‘separated” from the outdoors with aie
screens containing reflection particies of
Adjustable density, eneuring the desires
degree of insulation from sun radiation,
Insuch anenvironment, people willnave no
‘eed for clothing. As a result they will be
living not only much more comfortably and
freely but thay will also contribute to the
development of world will, minimum
"matorial” products and minimum wastes,
People will sis move naked outdoor
‘except when woatnor ‘conditions are
Unfavourable, in which case they will be
‘wearing conditioned coveralls, theit only
accessory being a transmitter/receiver
Unit, On their return to the living spaces,
they would discard their coveralls at the
‘entrance cell", to enter the “controlled
environment’ efter being spray-clesnes
(see ills. 97, 98, 41, 42 and 44)
The man-made environment
of the future
‘The structure of the city and the house of
tomorrow will have to be ephemeral and, as
much as possibie, immaterial. Great em-
Phasis should be given'to providing adirect
Contact with nature - the most beautiful,
soothing and necessary element in man's
ite 6).
‘The role of the forest as a protective agent
against pollution should not be neglacted,
itonly from the economic point af view
Vegetation should In fact Increase to Koop(Apyérena, Bray tehetonoindoty x4 usoa
exSYMOU OUKverMTaG KULGTIO, Hh Hxrnt
oven 60 enrruyxaverat ue Hid ovaKeu
‘Suuicong énaoig)
Mong 10 roo popéae Ta dxoUTTIRG,
dnousvoverar kal Biedtyel HOVo ie ere
Suunteg «eladBoug>, €novovavovra 6.x.
Bev B€Ae. Taurdxpove Bev évoxnel Odes
2):6Be¢ 1 dtopa TOO MepIBANAOVTOG TOU:
Mlapananha, h enti anopovioon 66 Ea
pantera ke yaroyudda-plarpe (ral dp~
Yorepa dua werdojiara), ueow aw oro!
ly 08 BAgnetc udve 6 nL adEyeNG (rx. Hd
“Tpaeorreien elkove 86 elvat gat) uevo 0”
aUrov nou Ay ERAgye%, xapig va evoxAct,
Va erusanreta: Kal vode adouc).
“Havayen dutiotpogng orrrag artouova
gous, nod Bby ‘iva avaacia, Sg
Skouorwy yovoon - Bret Bray Bev
Beret va ab BAgriouy ol EAOL = Bev Oa
Splerarat axe yeANov viatl 6 avapunog
88, Gye. GnanAayel dnd Ta €nirma vue
éyuora Kal 64 Ger Org Thy EMoxh TOY
Gpxeyovu Kowevibv, Delypara tay ont
Gv SlempnenKay. uexpl hy npéceatn
toropint snoxh (Eoxidoy, Tv8iavo! Ka)
Unapxouy éxéun CA@pIKh x8). Mal ue
Enoeenva “oupmaeyuera vrperiige Vid Opt
ouiever Spaompuorntec 6a
Seveipouy kal ta soupmaeypara Tepiép-
Yelag> Tod WB00v TOUS TplrToUG va aS
aparnpady. Kat, 9uatKd, a0tes of BEATE
Goeig the év8pdnims cunmepisopag 66
Eerepécouy Kare nOAU 72 nodtuna, Of
Bec alodiorig-etoodor wnposopiay
‘Bev drorehouy naOBAnKG.
To andtepo uéAdov
“Onug avapeponne npamyounéva, h iSto-
‘ouvioaala r00 Qv8panou ToD UEhhovros
Ba emnrpewet thy efapLoyh duday ovgtn
drwy Enuioveviag repipedroveos, Ero
Sndrepo ehAov, 8K7O¢ ard Bvav ardo-
Hompévo oped (niBavev dvepmuevo
Ene Sopupspou).. (8) Kat
with the consumption of energy sources
through oxidation (@). This is the only
costiess, automatic nonwaste producing
Industry in thoworld; and the most effective
in preserving tha ecological balance.
Man's need for seliesteem (sell.
confidence) wil, in the future, be satisfied
b
8) the very act of improving and preserving
the natural environment,
') the knowledge of his historical past by
the preservation of existing cities and
historical monuments,
¢) his infine potential, thanks to a
Constantly developing technology
8) the "instant monuments” and “environ-
mente” created by man (whose holograms
Will be stored in information banks-
museums), (7),
€) the arts and the extensive social
contacts.
Immaterial architecture (examples)
‘A’basic architectural clomont (or “room”,
Or isolation space forapersonora group ot
people) charactoristic of Immaterial space
Srganisation ‘wil be the earphones: an
Improved design (with antenna, “rusting”
sound tansmission to achleve complete
ieolation ote.) of the earshones we are
Using today fr individual musie listenin.
teaching purposes etc. (Eventually, the
development of frequency control techni
‘ques wil permit acoustic Isolation by
Indirect means.)
By weating his earphones, the individual
‘will Be igolated, and he can then choose the
4nd wovdses napsvayng Kuudrwr (ox
58), f @apKoyh tou oUaTHoTOS Ba 490:
1a TO GuVOAG WO oToxelav ouveEoeos
{ov Baapopey XOPUY BIABIOTEOG, KOE"
wry Bpagtnptoriti xd.
Gr emauuinreg oUVER KES nEpIBEMovtos
88 ChonowoOvee! je TOV AKIRA BIaXOp
‘oud Biag6pav nepioxOv KUUATAN, UayyN
Tv meOtay Kal Vv oXeIKOY BUVaTOT-
wv ouvag@v TouswV.
‘Hinouewm yews gopéav - wera a’ ad-
‘og Mod avagépanE Kal avdhoya We vie
Bnnoyoagucés meses - 8a npénet va elval
Ol sfneporSopupspets, nou 84 oxaepo-
oindouv néva and Turuate TOy dxeo~
YOv. Med, uh ouyKoUEK peAgtn Ko
oroug - doerMorMTAG Bd GnodelEet Av H
Enextaon cueTmparay yUpe and Tov Tu
pavaryn, épe and thy dtuscoaipa, 8
Hlvai npoTworepn and thy érolkion Gh-
Rey obpaviay udtav, Mavtu, Puxoro-
‘yu nal rpaxica (uixp Grovaan, EOKO-
An émkoivovia ub sounBarixé> usoa pera
rvjjoewg) A) near MapadAayh @alverat
hid meav"}."AKouN, Kal) éxieraAAEUON
Tov #vepyeieKo0 TAOUTOU GAAwy avn
Thy elvar GupiBoXo dv 64 xpetaarel ayeon
Svepanin Rapoudta.
Of émiBuumres xeraatéceig 8 . NOL
ne ra mpemmore 0G Lewd ovo tAcyecro Us
Shy meopkemouewn skShien, nx Ty ouvexn &
‘eWevon, 1 ho-Behtuawih via chv earroua
Fh lBwoouyepacta Spionevy ATOHUY Wo
4, Anuioupyia xopou and ékaprmuare-exooica,
Sota'f ceetoee hertoupyieg (0 000g Ezxlonoe
{n6 env Brogcon say Fabiano rat Panzinl oS
“Generation espace par equipement. Aran
lecture d'aujourd na, JuinJullee 1072)
5, Ebi uehémn tod Fpapetou ‘Anoyeacan wv
Hira nod eye 10 xahowalgl 100 1989, Eee
Bu al ypee erode teogepeig ‘Aepuravous 66
‘mojianpivovven Sno ro oni Yous nav ond 50
Hida Brew 8daouy va Eepuyouy sjaxpide ye ed
hitpe. Ol uevehuvenee riegeie om Cyan Xa
av ivepuie Sty elva ya eveehae Svourroue
‘kepoug f axdun ws ubaeu ueyEooug évorKTeue
fopoug, sake Ye brs red Gvosterat Com
Mepnoloy efisiou", of dnaetaon cuviBac
equ rave and 0 ula, Néjpea Ee ar eh
Bldg nd ondvies eepintoorig 881 etal soot
sb evods novoixoug Tou xeviaou Whe nakeus
the application of such systems will cover
all components of the living sector, tho
“simulated situations” sector ete, The
desired environmental concitions will
‘materialise through the achievement of a
precise separction between the various
wave areas, magnetic fields etc
‘The next generation of “carriors”(to follow
the ones we have already mentioned)
‘could, depending on population pressures,
be. “continant-satelites”stablised vot
parts of the oceans. Subsequently, a
Comparative cost/benefit. study would
‘show whether it would be better fo extend
the nucleus-earth and beyond
‘oF whether It would be
preferable to movo on to othor colustial
bodies.
In any case, practical as well as psychologi-
cal considerations (small distances, easy
travel with “conventional” moans. of
tansportation) indicate that the frst
alternative is. more probable. Even the
exploitation of resources on other plane
is unlikely to require on-the-spot human
presence.
The desired situations will “materials
Instantly by. means of thought tele-
emission, ‘with no intervening waiting
periods "or intermediate stope-actions
Naturally, it will be possible to create
hallucinatory "situations without hale
lucinogens etc
Finally, tho "conventional
with the “inteligent™ animals ot AC.
Clarke, wil be completely useless,
technological developments in the imma
robots, slong