TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN CNG NGH THNG TIN & TRUYN THNG

BI TP LN MN TR TU NHN TO

TI: NHN DNG K T VIT TAY

TING VIT

Nguyn Nht Quang

Gio vin hng dn:

Nhm sinh vin thc hin:
1. L NGC MINH

20071946

2. BCH NGC

20072097

Lp: Khoa hc my tnh K52


H NI 11/2010

MC LC
MC LC.............................................................................................................. 2
1. GII THIU BI TON ................................................................................... 3
2. M T BI TON ........................................................................................... 4
3. PHNG PHP GII QUYT BI TON ..................................................... 5
3.1. C s l thuyt ............................................................................................. 5
3.1.1. Mng neuron ......................................................................................... 5
3.1.2. Perceptron ............................................................................................. 5
3.1.3. Mng neuron nhiu lp v gii thut lan truyn ngc.......................... 7
3.2. Gii quyt bi ton ....................................................................................... 9
3.2.1. Chng trnh ......................................................................................... 9
3.2.2. Khi to mng neuron ........................................................................... 9
3.2.3. Chun b d liu .................................................................................. 10
3.2.4. Cc kt qu thc nghim ..................................................................... 12
4. GII THIU V PHN MM sapphireOCR .................................................. 17
4.1. Hng dn ci t ...................................................................................... 17
4.2. Hng dn s dng .................................................................................... 17
5. CC VN PHT SINH V XUT .................................................... 19
5.1. Kt qu nhn dng thp.............................................................................. 19
5.2. Tc hun luyn chm ............................................................................ 19
6. TI LIU V M NGUN S DNG .......................................................... 20
6.1. Ti liu tham kho ..................................................................................... 20
6.2. M ngun................................................................................................... 20

1. GII THIU BI TON

Nhn dng k t quang hc (Optical Character Recognition OCR) l lnh vc
nghin cu cch chuyn i nh s c chp hay qut t ti liu vit tay, nh
my hay in thnh dng vn bn my tnh c th hiu c.
Trn th gii, cng ngh OCR c nhng tc ng su sc n nhiu lnh vc
trong sn xut v i sng. Vic chuyn cc vn bn in trn giy thnh dng in
t nh gn v d tm kim gip hng triu trang sch bo n c vi bn c
khp ni trn th gii. Bng cch kt hp vi phn mm text-to-speech lng ti
liu ny c th c c thnh ting cho nhng ngi khim th. Nhiu bu in
p dng h thng phn loi th t ng da trn my c b th c ci phn
mm OCR. Cc ngn hng c ni dung ca sc chng ra tin, gian ln v c
pht hin khng b. OCR cn i vo i sng hng ngy qua nhng thit b thng
tin c nhn (PDA) gip ngi s dng nhp d liu bng cch vit ln mn hnh
cm ng thay v em theo b bn phm cng knh.
Vit Nam, cng ngh OCR mi ch pht trin giai on u vi mt vi b
phn mm nhn dng k t in nh VnDOCR, VietOCR, ABBYY trong khi lnh
vc nhn dng ch vit tay vn cn b ng.
Vi s lng ln ti liu vit tay cn c x l cng nh s pht trin ca cng
ngh di ng v PDA y l mt hng nghin cu y trin vng.
Qu trnh OCR gm nhiu bc nh phn tch cu trc vn bn, tch dng, tch k
t, kim tra ng ngha tng chnh xc nhng bc c s m bt k chng
trnh OCR no cng phi thc hin l nhn dng k t (n l). Trong thi gian hn
hp ca n mn hc chng em chn thc hin bc ny.

2. M T BI TON
Gi thit rng bc x l trc k t c phn lp, kt qu l cc nh nh
phn kch thc 60x80 mi nh cha mt k t ting Vit (c du) trong cc k
t c nghing khng qu ln v kch thc hp chun vi sai s chp nhn
c, cn chuyn k t thnh dng m ho Unicode.
Chun kch thc ca ch ci:
ascender height: trng vi cnh trn ca nh.
cap height: trng vi cnh trn ca nh.
median: 1/3 chiu cao nh.
baseline: 4/5 chiu cao nh.
descender height: trng vi cnh di ca nh.
chiu rng: xp x chiu rng nh.

Nh vy c ngha l chng trnh s khng x l nhng ch ci c kch thc qu

nh, qu nghing lch hay bin dng qu mc. Cc ch ci nh th gi thit
c a v dng chun (vi sai s chp nhn c) bc x l trc.

3. PHNG PHP GII QUYT BI TON

Chng trnh Nhn dng k t vit tay ting Vit s dng m hnh mng neuron
v thut ton lan truyn ngc. Sau y l chi tit v phng php ny.

3.1. C s l thuyt
3.1.1. Mng neuron
 Mng neuron nhn to (artificial neural network) l mt m hnh ton hc hay
m hnh tnh ton ly cm hng da trn cu trc ca mng thn kinh. Mt mng
neuron bao gm cc nhm neuron c ni vi nhau, trn c s thng tin c
x l.
 M hnh mng neuron nhn to thng c p dng vi cc bi ton nhn
dng, c bit vi cc bi ton c nhiu biu din hnh nh.
 Cng vi gii thut lan truyn ngc, mng neuron thch hp vi cc bi ton
mang cc c im sau:
 Mt th hin c biu din bi nhiu cp gi tr.
 Hm mc tiu u ra c th c gi tr ri rc, gi tr thc hoc mt vector gi
tr ri rc hoc gi tr thc.
 Cc v d hc c th c li.
 Thi gian hun luyn di l chp nhn c.
 C th yu cu s tin ha nhanh ca hm mc tiu cn hc.
 Kh nng con ngi hiu hm mc tiu cn hc l khng quan trng.
3.1.2. Perceptron
C bn ca mng neuron nhn to da trn khi nim perceptron.
a. Biu din perceptron:

Mt perceptron nhn gi tr u vo l mt vector thc, tnh ton t hp tuyn tnh

ca u vo v a ra u ra bng 1 nu kt qu ln hn mt ngng no , v
bng -1 nu ngc li:
1 if w0 + w1 x1 + w2 x2 + ... + wn xn > 0
o( x1,..., xn ) =
1 otherwise

vi mi wi l mt hng gi tr thc, hay trng s, quyt nh s ng gp ca u

vo xi vo u ra ca perceptron. Gi tr w0 l mt ngng t hp gia trng s
v u vo w1x1 + + wnxn phi vt qua perceptron cho ra gi tr 1.
C th vit:
r
r r
o( x ) = w x

Hun luyn mt perceptron hc bao gm vic chn cc gi tr trng s w0, , wn

cho thch hp.
b. Nguyn tc hun luyn perceptron
Mt cch hc mt vector trong s chp nhn c l bt u vi mt trng s
ngu nhin, sau p dng tng v d hc cho perceptron, thay i gi tr trng s
nu n phn loi nhm v d. Qu trnh ny c lp li qua nhiu ln n khi
perceptron phn loi cc v d hc chnh xc. Trng s thay i sau mi bc theo
nguyn tc hun luyn perceptron nh sau:
wi wi + wi

vi
wi = (t o) xi

y t l u ra mc tiu cho v d hc hin ti, o l u ra sinh bi perceptron v

l gi tr hng dng gi l tc hc (learning rate). Vai tr ca tc hc l
kim sot mc trng s thay i sau mi bc. N thng c gn gi tr nh
(VD 0.1).
c. Sai s hun luyn (training error)
Sai s thng c tnh bng:
E=

1
(td od ) 2

2 dD

vi D l tp v d hc, td l u ra mc tiu ca v d hc d, v od l u ra tnh

ton ca v d hc d.
3.1.3. Mng neuron nhiu lp v gii thut lan truyn ngc
a. Hm ngng
Mt perceptron ch cho u ra l mt hm tuyn tnh. Hm ngng c s dng
a cc gi tr u ra l mt hm khng tuyn tnh ca cc gi tr u vo.
Cc hm ngng hay s dng l:
 Hm sigmoid:
r
r r
o( x ) = ( w x )

( y) =

1
1 + e y

 Hm tanh:
r
r r
o( x ) = tanh( w x )
tanh( y ) =

e y e y
e y + e y

b. Mng neuron feedforward

 Mng neuron feedforward l mng neuron m cc neuron lp trc ni mt
chiu vi lp sau ca n.