1. What is a living thing?

Animals, plants, fungi and microbes are all living

things or living beings.

Organic Biomolecules
Some biomolecules are exclusive to living things. They are
known as organic biomolecules.
These are: carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acids.

Inorganic molecules
Inorganic biomolecules are found in the living things
and in the non-living things.
The two main inorganic molecules found in the living
things are:

Modern microscopes
Parts of an optical microscope:
1. ILUMINATOR: a simple bulb that
provides light to observe the sample.
2. STAGE: whre the samples are
placed.
3. OBJECTIVE LENSES: they magnify
the sample's image.
Usually we find a 10, 50 and 100
magnifications.
4. FOCUSING KNOBS: to help focus
the sample's image.
There are two: a fine focusing knob and
a coarse fosucing knob.
5. EYEPIECE: where the observer
stands hias or her eyes.

What are cells?

How is a cell organised?

Typical animal cell

Unicellular organisms

Paramecium

Amaeba

Vorticella

Diathomea

Pluricellular organisms

Pluricellular organisms examples

Tardgrade (less than 40,000 cells)

Fungi
(4 million cells)

Humans
(3 billion cells)

Two basic types of cells

Prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells

Two basic types of eukaryotic cells

Animal cells

Two basic types of eukaryotic cells

Plant cells

How do living things feed?

All living things, both unicellular and multicellular, grow,
repair damaged parts and reproduce. To do so, they need
matter and energy.

Nutrition is the set of processes which

enable living things to obtain the matter
and energy they need.
These processes are:

These materials obtained from the

food are called NUTRIENTS

Two types of nutrition

AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION

.
S
V
HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION

.
S
V

How do living things obtain energy?

Living things get the energy they need for all the vital functions
by burning organic biomolecules, specially glucose
(carbohydrates).
This process is called CELLULAR RESPIRATION and it takes
place in the mitochondrion. Respiration requires nutrients and
oxygen and produces water, carbon dioxide and energy.

How do living things interact with their

environment?

MOVEMENT

STIMULI

SENSE
ORGANS

NERVOUS
SYSTEM

RESPONSE

(animals)
GROWING
(plants)

A STIMULI is any change in the environment

that can be perceived by the living things.

How do living things reproduce?

Asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction (2)

Asexual reproduction in
unicellular organisms and
single cells

Sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction (2)

Biological cycle
The biological cycle represents the series of changes
a living thing goes through in its life. It can be
summarised as: