Chapter 11

1. What are the different ways to categorize plants (plant terminologies)?

2. What are xerophytic plants? What types of adaptations do they have?
adapted to withstand protracted dry conditions
roots, stems, leaf modification, reproductive cycle
3. What are hygrophytic plants? What is the difference between a hydrophyte and a
hygrophyte?
suited to a wet terrestrial environment
hydrophyte -species living in water (water lilies)
hygrophyte - moisture-loving plants that require soakings with water (ferns,
mosses)
4. What are the 7 major floral associations? Be able to name their characteristics.
forests, woodlands, shrublands, grasslands, deserts, tundras, wetlands
5. What is an adret slope? What is the impact on vegetation?
sunny, hot and dry
6. What is an ubac slope? What is the impact on vegetation?
shaded slope that produces more vegetation
7. What is riparian vegetation?
streamside growth
8. What are some types of invertebrates? What is an invertebrate?
worms, sponges, mollusks
9. What is a vertebrate? What are the different types of vertebrates?
fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds
10. What are some examples of animal adaptations?
physiological, behavioral and reproductive
11. What are the different types of symbiosis in animals? Be able to identify some
examples.
mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
12. What and where is the nearctic zoogeographic region?

nontropical portions of north america

13. What makes the Australian zoogeographic region so unique? Why?

14. What is an ecosystem? How is it different from a biome?

the totality of interactions among organisms and the environment in the area
of consideration.
a large, recognizable assemblage of plants and animals in functional
interaction with its environment
15. Be able to identify the 10 major biomes by location and characteristics (plants
and animals).
tropical rainforest, tropical deciduous forest, tropical scrub, tropical savanna,
desert, mediterranean woodland and shrub, midlatitude grassland, midlatitue
deciduous forest, boreal forest, tundra
16. How do humans modify the biosphere?
removal of organisms, habitat modification, introduction of exotic species
Chapter 12
1. What are the soil forming factors? How do they influence soil formation?
2. What are the different soil components?
3. What are the various soil properties?
4. What are the soil horizons (profiles) and their characteristics? In what order (top
to bottom)
would you find them?
5. What is the soil taxonomy used in the United States? How are soils classified in
this system
Volcano Film
1. What was the Nation's first national park?
2. What president instated the nations first national park to protect the land?
3. What is the first sign of the super volcano before it actually happens?
4. How many super volcanoes are known to be on this planet?

5. What is a large (monstrous) crater caused by a volcanic eruption called?

6. What are upward jets of super-heated water called?
7. How long ago did the last super volcano happen in the national park discuss?
8. What did the ash effect most following the volcanic eruption in N. America?
9. What sort of climatic change was apparent following the eruption of the super
volcano?
10. What is the heat rising from the mantle called that powers the super volcano?
11. What set of islands are created by a similar volcanic system as what is
happening in the national
park discussed?
12. How far down does the super volcano's magma chamber go?
13. What is the name of the disease on the bones of the animals due to breathing
large amounts of
partials in the air?
14. What type of proxy data is mentioned within the film that shows a drop in
temperature in our
history due to volcanic eruptions?
15. What is the hottest and most unstable basin in the national park?
16. How far could the pyroclastic flows reach following an eruption?
Chapter 13
17. What is the Earths structure? What are the characteristics of each layer?
18. Know Table 13-1 [class and subclass columns] (minerals, included in PP).
19. Know Table 13-2 [group and mineral columns] (rocks, included in PP).
20. What are igneous rocks? What are the different types?
21. What are sedimentary rocks? What are the different types?
22. What are metamorphic rocks? What are the different types?
23. What are the 3 types of metamorphism?

24. What is geomorphology? What four aspects is this field of study most interested
in?
25. What are internal and external processes? What are some examples of each?
26. What are our current geologic time periods?
Chapter 14
1. What is the evidence for and against the theory of continental drift?
2. What is seafloor spreading? What is its connection to continental drift?
3. What is the theory of Plate Tectonics? What questions are left unanswered by this
theory?
4. What are the different types of plate boundaries?
5. What is the Ring of Fire?
6. What are the different types of magma types? What types of volcanic eruptions
are associated
with each?
7. Be able to describe the different lava flows
8. What are the different types of volcanoes and their characteristics? What are
some examples of
each?
9. What are the main volcanic hazards?
10. What is Mount St Helens? When did it erupt? What type of volcano is it? What
were the
impacts?
11. Name and describe all the different intrusive igneous features.
12. What is folding? What is faulting? What are the different types of faults?
13. Be able to explain seismic wave, magnitude, and shaking intensity in relation to
earthquakes.
What do we use to measure the size of earthquakes? Is that scale linear or
logarithmic?
14. What is the Mercalli Scale and what earthquake information does it measure?

15. What are the major earthquake hazards?

16. What types of things do we look for in earthquake prediction? What is the
Parkfield project?
17. What was the magnitude of the 2010 Haiti earthquake? Which tectonic plates
were involved?
What were some of the impacts?
18. What is the Cascadia Subduction Zone? Why did we discuss it in class?