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............
qui trnh
k thut an ton in
trong cng tc qun l,
VN HNH, SA CHA, XY DNG
NG DY V TRM IN
Trang 1
QUI TRNH
K THUT AN TON IN
trong cng tc qun l,
VN HNH, SA CHA, XY DNG
NG DY V TRM IN
(In ln 2 c b sung, sa i)
H NI - 2002
Trang 2
Tng cng ty
in lc Vit Nam
----------S: 1559 EVN/KTAT
Hong Trung Hi
Trang 3
Li ni u
Quyn Qui trnh k thut an ton in trong cng tc qun l, vn hnh,
sa cha v xy dng ng dy cao h th, trm bin th do Cng ty in lc 1
ban hnh nm 1970 c s dng trong cc n v ngnh in-gip cho cn b,
cng nhn vin hun luyn, st hch qui trnh k thut an ton cng nh lm c
s thc hin cc bin php phng trnh tai nn in trong khi lm nhim v.
T n nay, t chc v phm vi h thng in ca ngnh in c nhiu
thay i, c cc cp in p 220 kV, 500 kV. Trc tnh hnh trn i hi phi
b sung, sa i qui trnh k thut an ton ph hp v st vi thc t.
Nhm p ng nhng yu cu mi ca t chc v quy m pht trin ngnh
in, sa i v b sung nhng quy nh v k thut an ton, Tng cng ty in
lc Vit Nam ban hnh quyn: Quy trnh k thut an ton in trong cng
tc qun l, vn hnh, sa cha, xy dng ng dy v trm in.
Nhng sa i, b sung trong qui trnh p ng cc yu cu:
1- Sa i nhng tn gi, thut ng khng ph hp v b sung nhng phn
cn thiu, nhng quy nh trong quyn Qui phm k thut an ton khai thc
thit tr in cc nh my in v li in do B in lc ban hnh nm 1984.
2- Gi li nhng phn, chng, iu vn cn ph hp cn b cng nhn
vin khng phi hc mi li t u.
Tuy nhin, b cc ca quy trnh c thay i mt s ch to s mch lc
cho ngi c, b sung thm phn k thut an ton in i vi vic qun l,
vn hnh, sa cha, xy dng ng dy v trm in c cp in p 220 kV, 500
kV.
Mc tiu nht qun ca Tng cng ty l duy tr truyn thng ca Qui trnh
k thut an ton in nh mt cm nang thc hnh.
Xin chn thnh cm n nhng ng gp v kin gi tr ca tt c mi
ngi c lin quan n vic xut bn quyn Quy trnh k thut an ton in
trong cng tc qun l, vn hnh, sa cha, xy dng ng dy v trm in
ny.
Trong khi thc hin, c kin ngh b sung hoc sa i xin gi v Ban
K thut an ton Bo h lao ng Tng cng ty in lc Vit Nam tp hp,
gii quyt.
Trong qu trnh ti bn th nht ny c sa i theo cc cng vn s 4718
EVN/KTAT ngy 05/9/2000; 2525 EVN/KTAT ngy 22/5/2001; 5576/ EVNKTAT ngy 10/10/2001; 1290/CV-EVN-KTAT ngy 28/3/2002. Nhng iu s
Trang 4
Trang 5
12. Lnh cng tc: L lnh ming hoc vit ra giy, c truyn t trc
tip hoc qua in thoi. Ngi nhn lnh phi ghi vo s vn hnh. Trong s
phi ghi r: ngi ra lnh, tn cng vic, ni lm vic, thi gian bt u, h tn,
cp bc an ton ca ngi lnh o cng vic v cc nhn vin ca n v cng
tc. Trong s cng dnh mt mc ghi vic hon thnh cng tc.
Trang 7
Phn th nht
Nguyn tc chung
Nhng iu quy nh cho tt c Nhng ngi
lm cng tc v in
I - Phm vi p dng quy trnh
iu 1: Quy trnh ny c p dng cho tt c cn b, cng nhn vin trc tip
qun l vn hnh, sa cha, th nghim v xy dng ng dy, trm in ca
Tng cng ty in lc Vit Nam. Quy trnh ny cng c p dng i vi nhn
vin ca cc t chc khc n lm vic cng trnh v thit b in do Tng cng
ty in lc Vit Nam qun l.
i vi cc nh my in ca Tng cng ty, ngoi quy trnh ny, cn b, nhn
vin k thut phi nm vng v s dng tp 1 Quy phm k thut an ton khai
thc thit tr in cc nh my in v li in.
Nhng quy nh trong quy trnh ny ch yu nhm m bo phng trnh cc
tai nn do in gy ra i vi con ngi.
Khi bin son cc quy trnh k thut an ton cho tng loi cng vic c th
phi a vo bin php phng trnh khng ch tai nn v in, m cn cc yu t
nguy him khc xy ra lc tin hnh cng vic.
Tt c nhng iu trong cc quy trnh k thut an ton in ban hnh trc
y tri vi quy trnh ny u khng c gi tr thc hin.
iu 2: Trong quy trnh, thit b in chia lm hai loi:
in cao p quy c t 1000 V tr ln v in h p quy c di 1000 V.
Trong iu kin bnh thng nu con ngi tip xc trc tip vi thit b c
in p xoay chiu t 50 V tr ln l c th nguy him n tnh mng.
iu 3: Nghim cm vic ch th hoc ra mnh lnh cho nhng ngi cha
c hc tp, st hch quy trnh v cha hiu r nhng vic s phi tha hnh.
iu 4: Nhng mnh lnh tri vi quy trnh ny th ngi nhn lnh phi a
ra nhng l do khng chp hnh c vi ngi ra lnh, nu ngi ra lnh khng
chp thun th c quyn bo co vi cp trn.
iu 5: Khi pht hin cn b, cng nhn vi phm quy trnh hoc c hin tng
e da n tnh mng con ngi v thit b, phi lp tc ngn chn, ng thi bo
co vi cp cthm quyn.
iu 6: n v trng, t trng, cn b k thut c nhim v kim tra v
ra cc bin php an ton lao ng trong n v ca mnh. Cn b an ton ca n
v c trch nhim v quyn kim tra, lp bin bn hoc ghi phiu thng bo an
ton nhc nh. Trng hp vi phm cc bin php an ton c th dn n tai
nn th nh ch cng vic cho n khi thc hin y cc bin php bo m
an ton mi c tip tc tin hnh cng vic.
iu 7: Dng c an ton cn dng phi ph hp vi tiu chun k thut do
Nh nc ban hnh (xem trong phn ph lc quy trnh).
Trang 8
Trang 9
Trang 11
V-1-1. Ct in
iu 27: Ti ni lm vic phi ct in nhng phn sau:
1- Nhng phn c in, trn s tin hnh cng vic.
2- Nhng phn c in m trong khi lm vic khng th trnh c va chm
hoc n gn vi khong cch sau y:
0,7 m i vi in p t 1kV n 15 kV.
1,0 m i vi in p n 35 kV.
1,5 m i vi in p n 110 kV.
2,5 m i vi in p n 220 kV.
4,5 m i vi in p n 500 kV.
3- Khi khng th ct in c m ngi lm vic c kh nng vi phm
khong cch quy nh trn th phi lm ro chn. Khong cch t ro chn ti
phn c in l:
0,35 m i vi in p n 15 kV.
0,60 m i vi in p n 35 kV.
1,50 m i vi in p n 110 kV.
2,50 m i vi in p n 220 kV.
4,50 m i vi in p n 500 kV.
Yu cu t ro chn, cch thc t ro chn c xc nh tu theo iu kin
c th v tnh cht cng vic, do ngi chun b ni lm vic v ngi ch huy
trc tip cng vic chu trch nhim.
iu 28: Ct in lm vic phi thc hin sao cho nhn thy r l phn thit
b d nh tin hnh cng vic c cch ly khi cc phn c in t mi pha
bng cch ct dao cch ly, tho cu chy, tho u cp, tho thanh ci (tr trm
GIS).
Cm ct in ch bng my ngt, dao cch ly t ng, cu dao ph ti c b
truyn ng t ng.
iu 29: Ct in lm vic cn ngn nga nhng ngun in h p qua cc
thit b nh my bin p lc, my bin p o lng, my pht diesel c in bt
ng gy nguy him cho ngi lm vic.
iu 30: Sau khi ct in my ngt, cu dao cch ly cn phi kho mch
iu khin li nh: ct aptomat, g cu chy, kho van kh nn n my ngt ...
i vi cu dao cch ly iu khin trc tip, sau khi ct in phi kho tay
iu khin v kim tra v tr ct.
iu 31: Ct in do nhn vin vn hnh m nhim. Cm u nhim vic thao
tc cho cng nhn sa cha tin hnh, tr trng hp cng nhn sa cha c
hun luyn thao tc.
iu 32: Ct in tng phn lm vic phi giao cho cng nhn vn hnh c
kinh nghim v nm vng s li in nhm ngn nga kh nng nhm ln
gy nguy him cho cng nhn sa cha.
iu 33: Trng hp ct in do iu Quc gia, iu Min hoc iu
in lc ra lnh bng in thoi th n v qun l vn hnh phi m nhim vic
bn giao ng dy cho n v sa cha ti hin trng (k c vic t tip t).
Trang 12
chn. Chu trch nhim khng xy ra tai nn v in, cn trch nhim an ton
ca nhn vin trong cng vic do ngi ch huy trc tip n v cng tc m
nhim.
Trnh an ton ca ngi gim st l bc IV tr ln khi n v cng tc lm
vic c ct in mt phn hoc gn ni c in. L bc III tr ln nu lm vic c
ct in hon ton hoc xa ni c in.
59-4 Ngi cho php n v cng tc vo lm vic (nhn vin vn hnh):
Ngi cho php vo lm vic phi c trnh an ton bc IV tr ln, chu trch
nhim v vic thc hin y cc bin php an ton cn thit thch hp vi c
im cng vic v ni lm vic cng nh thc hin y cc th tc cho php
vo lm vic, tip nhn ni lm vic khi kt thc, ghi vo phiu cng tc nhng
mc theo yu cu v vo s vn hnh. Sau khi bn giao ni lm vic th lu gi
phiu vo cp Phiu ang lm vic theo di.
59-5 Nhn vin n v cng tc:
L cng nhn c o to, hun luyn lm vic ca x nghip.
Khi lm vic c ct in mt phn hoc gn ni c in, trong mi n v cng
tc c th c 1 ngi c trnh an ton bc I vi iu kin ngoi ngi ch huy
trc tip ra, trong n v cng tc c t nht 1 ngi c trnh an ton bc III.
Khi lm vic c ct in hon ton hoc xa ni c in th s nhn vin c trnh
an ton bc I do ngi cp phiu hoc ngi ra lnh cng tc quy nh.
iu 60: Danh sch nhng ngi c giao nhim v cp phiu, lnh o cng
vic, ch huy trc tip, gim st do ph gim c k thut x nghip ph duyt.
iu 61: i vi phiu cng tc lm vic trn thit b in p n 1000 V th
trong phiu cng tc c th ch cn cc chc danh sau:
61-1 Ngi cp phiu cng tc: phi c trnh an ton t nht bc IV,
lm vic thit b in trn 3 nm, c quyt nh quyn c cp phiu cng tc
ca x nghip.
61-2 Ngi cho php vo lm vic: nhn vin vn hnh trc ca. Ngi cho
php c th giao cho ngi ch huy trc tip ct, ng in theo phiu cng tc
khi cn thit. Phi ghi vo s vn hnh s phiu cng tc, thi gian ct in, thi
gian kt thc cng vic v thi gian ng in cho thit b.
61-3 Ngi ch huy trc tip: cng vi ngi cho php chun b ni lm vic,
b tr nhn vin n v vo v tr tin hnh cng tc. Trnh an ton ngi
ch huy trc tip t nht bc III. Trng hp c thao tc trn thit b c cp in
p t 1000 V tr ln th ngi thao tc phi c trnh an ton bc IV tr ln.
61-4 Nhn vin n v cng tc: do ngi cp phiu quyt nh v ghi vo
trong phiu.
iu 62: Cho php mt ngi kim nhim (23) chc danh trong cc chc
danh ca phiu cng tc, trong ngi kim nhim phi c trnh an ton p
ng chc danh m mnh m nhim.
V-2-2. Th tc thi hnh phiu cng tc
iu 63: Ngi cp phiu cng tc chu trch nhim ghi cc mc:
- Ngi lnh o cng vic.
Trang 17
iu 69: Ngi lnh o cng vic phi nh k i kim tra vic chp hnh
quy trnh k thut an ton ca mi ngi trong n v cng tc. Khi pht hin
thy c vi phm quy trnh k thut an ton hoc hin tng khc nguy him cho
ngi lm vic th phi thu phiu cng tc v rt n v cng tc ra khi ni lm
vic. Ch sau khi khc phc cc thiu st mi c lm cc th tc cho php
n v cng tc tr li lm vic v ghi vo phiu cng tc.
V-2-5. Th tc ngh gii lao
iu 70: Khi tm ngng cng vic trong ngy lm vic (v d: n tra), i
vi cc cng vic c ct in tng phn hoc khng ct in, phi rt n v ra
khi ni lm vic. Cc bin php an ton vn nguyn. Sau khi ngh xong,
khng ai c vo ni lm vic nu cha c mt ngi ch huy trc tip (hoc
ngi gim st) cho php n v tr li ni lm vic. Ngi ch huy trc tip
(hoc ngi gim st) ch c cho nhn vin vo lm vic khi kim tra cn
y cc bin php an ton.
iu 71: Khi ngi ch huy trc tip cha giao phiu li v ghi r l kt
thc cng vic th nhn vin vn hnh khng c ng, ct trn thit b, thay i
s lm nh hng n iu kin lm vic. Trong trng hp xy ra s c th
nhn vin vn hnh c th ng in nu bit chc chn trn thit b khng c
ngi lm vic, khng cn ch kho phiu, nhng phi tin hnh cc bin php
sau y:
1- Tho g cc bin bo, ni t, ro chn tm thi. t li ro chn c nh v
treo bin: Dng li! c in nguy him cht ngi, thay cho bin: Lm vic ti
y!.
2- Trc khi ngi ch huy trc tip tr li v trao tr phiu, phi c ngi
thng trc ti ch bo cho ngi ch huy trc tip v cho nhn vin trong n
v cng tc bit l thit b c ng in v khng c php lm vic trn
na.
V-2-6. Th tc ngh ht ngy lm vic
v bt u ngy tip theo
iu 72: Nu cng vic phi ko di nhiu ngy th sau mi ngy lm vic
phi thu dn ni lm vic, cc li i, cn bin bo, ro chn, tip t nguyn
ti ch. Phiu cng tc v cha kho giao li cho nhn vin vn hnh v hai bn
u phi k vo phiu.
iu 73: bt u cng vic ngy tip theo, ngi cho php v ngi ch huy
trc tip phi kim tra li cc bin php an ton v k vo phiu cho php n v
cng tc vo lm vic. Khi khng nht thit phi c mt ngi lnh o cng
vic.
V-2-7. Di chuyn ni lm vic
iu 74: Cho php lm vic nhiu ni trn cng mt l theo mt phiu cng
tc vi cc iu kin sau y:
1- Mi ni lm vic u phi do nhn vin vn hnh chun b v bn giao cho
ngi lnh o cng vic, ngi ch huy trc tip khi bt u cng vic.
Trang 19
iu 83: Nhm trng, t trng, i trng, chi nhnh trng chu trch
nhim kim tra y bin php an ton trc khi cho cng nhn lm vic, ng
thi nhc nh cc bin php phng nga tai nn v nhng s nguy him khc c
th xy ra xung quanh ni lm vic.
iu 84: Nu mt hoc nhiu ngi c hnh ng vi phm quy trnh k thut
an ton th ngi c trch nhim v an ton c quyn cho ngng cng vic
nhc nh hoc nh ch hn cng vic ang tin hnh khi xt thy vn nghim
trng, e da tai nn, nhng phi bo co ngay vi cp trn ca mnh.
iu 85: Khi c hai ngi lm vic tr ln, nht thit phi c nhm trng.
Khi lm vic nhng ch c ng ngi v xe c, tu, thuyn qua li th phi c
bin php ro chn hoc t bin bo Ch ! cng trng, t ba-ri-e ...
ngn ngi, xe c v tu, thuyn khng vo khu vc ang lm vic.
iu 86: Tt c cng nhn t bc I ngh nghip tr ln u c lm vic
trn cao ni c in hoc gn ni c in nhng phi c hc tp v st hch t
yu cu quy trnh ny. Ring i vi cng nhn tm tuyn, hp ng theo thi v
v hc sinh th ch c lm vic trn cao trong trng hp khng c in v
cng phi c hun luyn, st hch t yu cu quy trnh k thut an ton.
iu 87: Nhng ngi lm vic trn cao phi tun theo cc mnh lnh v cc
bin php an ton m ngi ph trch hoc cn b k thut ch dn.
iu 88: Nghim cm nhng ngi ung ru, bia, m, au, khng t tiu
chun sc kho lm vic trn cao.
iu 89: Khi thy cc bin php an ton cha c ra c th hoc cha
ng vi quy trnh k thut an ton th ngi thc hin c quyn t kin vi
ngi ra lnh. Nu cha c gii quyt thch ng th bo co ln trn mt cp,
v c quyn khng thc hin.
iu 90: Nu ngi ph trch ra lnh cho cng nhn lm mt vic vi phm
quy trnh k thut an ton th ngi nhn lnh phi bo co cho ngi ra lnh
bit. Khi , cng nhn c quyn khng thc hin v bo co vi cp trn.
VI-2. Bin php k thut
iu 91: Khi lm vic trn cao, qun o phi gn gng, tay o phi bung v
ci cc, i m, i giy an ton, eo dy an ton. Khng c php i dp khng
c quai hu, giy inh, guc ... . Ma rt phi mc m.
iu 92: Lm vic trn cao t 3 m tr ln bt buc phi eo dy an ton, d
thi gian lm vic rt ngn (tr trng hp lm vic trn sn thao tc c lan can
bo v chc chn). Dy eo an ton khng c mc vo nhng b phn di ng
nh thang di ng hoc nhng vt khng chc chn, d gy, d tut, phi mc
vo nhng vt c nh chc chn.
iu 93: Khi c gi ti cp 6 (6070 km/gi) hay tri ma to nng ht hoc c
ging st th cm lm vic trn cao.
iu 94: Nhng ct ang dng d hoc dng xong cha t 24 gi th khng
c tro ln bt x, s. Ch c tro ln tho dy chng khi mng c
24 gi v phi c dy eo an ton. Khi tro ln ct, ln thang phi t t, chc
chn, tp trung t tng, cm va tro va ni chuyn, nhn i ch khc. Khi lm
vic trn cao cm ni chuyn, a nghch.
Trang 21
iu 105: ng lm vic trn thang t nht phi cch ngn thang 1 m v phi
ng bc trn bc di. Trong iu kin bnh thng thang phi dng vi mt
phng thng ng mt gc t 150 n 300. Ch : i vi thang di ng khng
c eo tht lng an ton vo thang.
iu 106: Khng mang theo nhng vt qu nng ln thang hoc khng tro ln
thang cng mt lc hai ngi. Khng ng trn thang dch chuyn t v tr ny
sang v tr khc.
iu 107: Nu cn thit phi ni thang th phi dng ai bng st v bt bu
lng, hoc dng np bng g, tre cng p hai u ch ni di t nht 1 m ri dng
dy thp no xon tht cht, m bo khng lung lay, xc xch.
Phi thng xuyn kim tra thang, nu thy cha an ton phi cha li ngay
hoc cng quyt khng dng.
I-4. Nhng bin php an ton
khi s dng dy eo an ton
iu 108: Dy eo an ton phi c th 6 thng 1 ln bng cch treo trng
lng hoc thit b th dy an ton chuyn dng. Vi dy c 225 kg, dy mi 300
kg, thi gian th 5 pht, trc khi a ra dng phi kim tra kho mc, ng ch
... xem c b r hoc t khng, nu nghi ng phi th trng lng ngay.
iu 109: Sau khi th dy eo an ton, t trng phi ghi ngy th, trng lng
th v nhn xt tt, xu vo s theo di th dy an ton ca t. ng thi nh
du vo dy th, ch dy no nh du mi c s dng.
iu 110: Hng ngy, cng nhn trc khi lm vic trn cao phi t kim tra
dy eo an ton ca mnh bng cch eo vo ngi ri buc dy vo vt chc
chn di t chm chn li ng ngi ra pha sau xem dy c hin tng g
khng.
iu 111: Phi bo qun tt dy eo an ton. Khng c ch m thp m
phi treo ln hoc ch cao, kh ro, sch s. Lm xong vic phi cun li gn
gng.
iu 112: Cc t sn xut c trch nhim qun l cht ch dy eo an ton.
Nu xy ra tai nn do dy b t, gy mc hoc do khng th ng k hn th t
trng, i trng, chi nhnh trng v cn b k thut ph trch an ton ca n
v phi chu hon ton trch nhim.
Trang 23
Phn th hai
Nhng bin php an ton khi lm
cng tc qun l, Vn hnh
sa cha ng dy cao, h p
v trm bin p
Chng mt
bin php an ton khi cng tc
cc trm bin p
I- Nhng quy nh ti thiu cn phi nh
iu 113: Nghim cm dn ngi l vo trm, i vi nhng ngi vo tham
quan, nghin cu phi do n v trng, ph (hoc k thut vin) hng dn.
iu 114: Nhng cng nhn vo trm lm vic nht thit phi c t bc II an
ton, nhm trng phi c bc III an ton tr ln.
Ngi vo trm mt mnh phi c bc V an ton ng thi phi c tn trong
danh sch c n v trng duyt.
iu 115: Vo trm lm vic, tham quan u phi tn trng ni quy trm,
nhng ngi vo ln u tin phi c hng dn t m.
Vo trm lm cng tc sa cha thit b hoc iu chnh rle, ng h nht
thit phi c hai ngi v ch c lm vic trong phm vi cho php.
iu 116: Khong cch an ton khi cng tc khng c ro chn phi m bo:
in h p khng nh hn
0,30 m
in p n 15 kV khng nh hn 0,70 m
in p n 35 kV khng nh hn 1,00 m
in p n 110 kV khng nh hn 1,50 m
in p n 220 kV khng nh hn 2,50 m
in p n 500 kV khng nh hn 4,50 m
iu ny ch p dng vi cc cng vic sa cha nh, quan st trong vn hnh.
i vi cng vic sa cha lu di hoc c vn chuyn thit b cng knh, phi
lp phng n k thut v bin php an ton c th trc khi tin hnh cng vic.
iu 117: Mi ln vo trm cng tc, bt c ai, khng phn bit chc v u
nht thit phi ghi vo s nht k trm nhng cng vic lm.
iu 118: Cha kho trm phi ghi tn r rng v c qun l theo ni quy
ring.
Mi khi ri khi trm u phi kho v git ca th xem ca kho cht
cha.
iu 119: Khi thit b trong trm b s c th phi ng cch xa thit b t
nht 5 m nu t trong nh, 10 m nu t ngoi tri.
Trang 24
iu 149: tin hnh th, iu chnh vic ng, ct my ngt, ngi ch huy
trc tip c php lp cu ch mch iu khin v phc hi kh nn trong bnh
nhng phi c s ng ca nhn vin vn hnh.
iu 150: Khi c ngi lm vic trong bnh cha kh th phi kho cc van dn
kh vo bnh v treo bin Cm m van! c ngi ang lm vic.
iu 151: Cm lm vic cc my ngt ang vn hnh (k c vic lau chi s
cch in bng chi lng gn trn so cch in).
iu 152: Khng c lau chi my nn kh cng nh sa cha nh lc my
ang lm vic. Ch c php tra du m khi my ang lm vic vi iu kin c
y dng c v phng tin m bo an ton.
v- lm vic vi c quy v thit b np in
iu 153: Khi khng c ngi lm vic th bung c quy phi kho li, cha
kho phi giao cho ngi ph trch hoc nhng ngi chuyn trch kim tra gi.
iu 154: Bung cha c quy phi c cc h thng qut gi, thng hi, cc
bnh c quy lu ng c in p 24 V n 36 V c th t trong t c h thng
qut gi. i vi loi c qui c ch to theo cng ngh mi th bin son qui
trnh ring theo qui nh ca nh ch to.
iu 155: Cm ht thuc, s dng bt la, l si trong bung cha c quy,
trn ca bung c quy phi r: Bung c quy-Cm la.
iu 156: Khng c c lm cn cc ca thng gi, cc li i gia
cc gi trong bung c quy.
iu 157: Trc khi np v sau khi np c quy phi m qut thng gi t nht
l 90 pht. Nu pht hin cn hi c th khng c ngng qut. Bung c quy
lm vic theo phng php thng xuyn np v phng th trong 1 ca phi nh
k m qut thng gi t nht 2 ln, mi ln 30 pht.
iu 158: c php nc ct v 1 t dung dch trung ho ch ca ra vo
ca bung c quy.
iu 159: Trn thnh cc bnh cha cc loi dung dch, nc ct u phi ghi
r rng tng loi bng sn chng axt.
iu 160: Axt m c phi trong cc bung ring, trong bung ngoi axt
ra ch c php dung dch trung ho, axt phi trong cc bnh thu tinh
hay snh s, ng nt cn thn v phi t trong cc gi c quai xch.
iu 161: Lm vic vi axt phi do ngi chuyn nghip m nhim, vn
chuyn bnh axt phi c hai ngi, ch kim tra ng i trc trnh trn,
trt ng hoc lm bnh.
iu 162: Khi rt axt ra khi bnh phi c phng tin gi bnh khi v.
Bnh cha axt phi tht kh v sch s.
Khi pha ch axt thnh dung dch phi rt tng tia nh axt theo a thu tinh
vo bnh nc ct v lun lun quy to nhit tt.
Cm nc ct vo axt pha ch thnh dung dch.
iu 163: Khi dng chnh lu xlen khng c tho v bc lm cng vic g
trn nhng b phn dn in lc cha ngt mch chnh lu.
Trang 29
iu 164: Nhng cng vic lm trong bung c quy phi do cng nhn c quy
ph trch. Trng hp cn nhn vin sa cha hoc th nghim vo bung c quy
lm vic th nht thit phi c nhn vin vn hnh c qui ng gim st an ton.
vi- lm vic vi t in v bo v t in
iu 165: ng v ct cc t in cao p do hai nhn vin c trnh bc III
an ton tr ln thc hin. Nghim cm dng cu dao cch ly thng ng v
ct cc t in cao p. Cm ly mu du khi t in ang vn hnh.
iu 166: Khi my ngt bo v cho b t in lm vic hoc cu ch bo v b
chy th ch c php ng li sau khi tm c nguyn nhn v sa cha.
iu 167: Trng hp ct t in sa cha, nht thit phi phng in cc
t in bng thanh dn kim loi c tit din ti thiu 25 mm2 v ti a 250 mm2.
Thanh ny phi ghp cht vo m so cch in. So ny c tiu chun thao tc
in p lm vic ca t in. Nu t in c bo v ring tng bnh hoc tng
nhm th phi phng in ring tng bnh hoc tng nhm.
Lu : Khi phng in tch d ca t in cn c in tr hn ch, sau mi
phng trc tip xung t trnh h hng t.
iu 168: Nu h thng t in t chung vi trm bin p th phi t cc b
t in ring mt bung v c xy tng ngn cch hn vi bung t thit b
khc ngn nga ha hon.
Chng ba
Bin php an ton khi lm cng tc qun l, vn hnh,
sa cha ng dy cao, h p
I- Nhng bin php an ton chung khi tin hnh cng
tc trn ng dy cao, h p
iu 169: Kim tra nh k ng dy phi i 2 ngi, phi lun lun xem
nh ng dy ang c in. Kim tra tin hnh trn mt t. Trng hp cn
thit tro ln ct th phi m bo khong cch an ton quy nh. Nu i kim tra
ban m phi c n soi, i cch ng dy 5 m v i pha trc hng gi thi.
Ban m khng c tro ln ct.
iu 170: Khi thy dy dn t ri xung t hoc cn l lng th phi tm
mi bin php ngn nga mi ngi khng c ti gn qu 10 m k c bn
thn mnh. Ni c ngi qua li th phi c 1 ngi ng gc v phi bo ngay
cho iu c s bit. Nu giao cho ngi a phng ng gc th phi gii
thch k bin php an ton cho h.
iu 171: Khi tro ln ct phi bit s b sc bn ca mng ct, cm tro ln
ct va mi dng nu khng c php ca ngi ph trch, cm tro v pha t
tay x, cm tro v lm vic v pha gc trong ca dy dn trn ct mt tr c s
kim.
Trang 30
iu 172: Khi cng tc trn chui s, ch cho php ngi di chuyn dc chui
s, sau khi xem xt k chui s, khng c vt nt u s hay cc ph kin
khc, cc mc ni, kho, cht cn tt v . Ngi lm vic phi s dng dy an
ton ph, ci cht vo x hoc u tr.
iu 173: Trc khi di chuyn trn x bng g phi eo dy an ton chnh v
thm dy an ton ph buc vo u ct (dy an ton ph cng phi th nghim
nh dy an ton chnh). Phi kim tra ct v x trc khi tro ln lm vic.
iu 174: Khi tin hnh cng tc trn ng dy vt ng st, ng b,
ng sng phi p dng cc bin php di y:
1- Giao cho vi ng st, ng sng phi bo trc cho c quan qun l v
mi i din ca h ti im cng tc phi hp, m bo an ton cho 2 bn.
2- Giao cho vi ng b phi c ngi cm c (hoc n nu l ban
m) ng hai pha ni cng tc, cch 100 m bo hiu. Nu ng c nhiu xe
qua li phi bc dn gio.
iu 175: Trn ng dy c ct in, trng hp cn thit cho php lm
vic ban m vi iu kin c nh sng.
Khi c ging, bo hoc sp c ging, bo ngi ph trch phi dn i cng
tc ra xa ng dy, cm lm vic trn ng dy khi c gi cp 4 tr ln hoc c
ma nng ht, nc chy thnh dng trn ngi v thit b.
iu 176: Cht cy dc ng dy phi tun theo nhng quy nh sau:
- Ngi cha c hun luyn, cha c kinh nghim khng c cht cy.
- Ngi ch huy trc tip n v cng tc c nhim v thng bo cho nhn vin
bit v nguy him khi tro ln cy, khi cy v dy thng tip xc vi dy in.
- Cm cht cy khi c gi cp 4 tr ln, cm ca cy sn hng lot ri lm
cy bng cch cho cy ny lm cy kia. Cm ng pha cy v pha i
din. trnh cy khi vo ng dy phi dng dy thng buc v ko v
pha i din vi ng dy dn.
- Khi cht cy phi cht cnh mc, cy mc trc, khi cy sp , cnh gy
phi bo cho ngi xung quanh bit.
- Khi cht cy phi dng dy buc chui dao vi c tay trnh ri vo ngi
khc. Dy an ton phi c buc vo cnh cy hoc thn cy chc chn.
- Khi cht cy, cht cnh c kh nng ri vo ng dy th phi ct in.
Nu khng ct in th phi c bin php h cnh an ton.
- Cht cy trong hnh lang an ton ng dy cao p th phi c phiu cng
tc.
- Khuyn khch cc n v dng ca my c so cch in ta, cht cy
trong qun l vn hnh.
iu 177: c php tin hnh o tip t khi ng dy ang vn hnh
nhng phi m bo cc iu kin sau:
- Khi tri khng c ma, ging, st.
- Khi tho dy tip t trn ng dy c bo v bng dy chng st th phi
eo gng tay cch in hoc trc khi tho, u dy tip t ct phi ni tt tm
thi u dy tip t vo mt cc tip t bng mt on dy dn c tit din
ti thiu 10 mm2.
Trang 31
iu 193: Vic kim tra theo di my ang vn hnh do nhng nhn vin
chuyn nghip m nhim, ngi tp s khng c t lm bt c cng vic g
khi khng c s gim st ca nhn vin vn hnh.
iu 194: Xung quanh my pht hoc my b khng c qun, o v bt
c mt vt liu no c th cun vo my.
iu 195: Kim tra chi than khi my ang chy phi mang gng cch in v
ci cht vo c tay, cm dng tay tip xc ng thi vi hai cc tnh khc nhau
ca my.
iu 196: Khi my ang quay, mc d khng c dng in kch thch nhng
vn c xem nh ang c in. Cm lm vic trn mch sta-to ca my pht
hoc cc cun dy cao p ca my b.
iu 197: Khi my pht hay my b cn c sa cha, phi tho d th mi
th tc nh phiu thao tc, phiu cng tc, cc bc tin hnh ct in v treo
bin cm v.v... u phi lm theo quy nh trong quy trnh .
iu 198: Nu my pht v my b c im trung ho ni lin vi im trung
ho ca my pht hoc my b khc th khi sa cha trn mch sta-to nht thit
phi tch im trung ho ra khi h thng ri mi c sa cha, khi lm vic
phi mang gng cch in cao p.
Chng nm
lm vic nhng ng c in cao p
iu 199: Khi tip xc vi thit b khi ng ca ng c iu khin bng tay,
phi eo gng tay cch in. ng hay ct ng c phi do nhng nhn vin
chuyn nghip m nhim.
iu 200: Khng cho php lm bt c mt cng vic g trong mch ca ng
c ang quay, tr cng vic th nghim thc hin theo chng trnh c bit c
phng k thut c s xt duyt.
iu 201: Khi u cp ca ng c in c tho ri ra th cc cng tc
tin hnh trn ng c khng cn phiu cng tc, nhng phi theo phng n
c phng k thut c s xt duyt.
iu 202: Tin hnh sa cha ti ch cc ng c in thc hin cc bin php
sau:
- Ct in v dng mi bin php trnh nhm ln.
- Kho b phn truyn ng ca my ct v cu dao cch ly.
- Treo bin Cm ng in! ti cu dao k trn.
- Nu ng c c t chung im trung tnh th phi tch im trung tnh khi
h thng chung ri mi c sa cha.
Trang 36
phn th ba
NHNG BIN PHP AN TON KHI XY
DNG ng cp in ngm,
ng dy cao p TRN KHNG,
MC DY in v trm bin p
qui nh chung
iu 203: Nhng bin php k thut an ton khi xy dng ng dy v trm
bin p nu trong phn ny c qui nh cho cc n v cng tc tin hnh bng
phng php th cng hoc cc phng tin c gii thng thng.
Khi tin hnh cng vic theo cc cng ngh mi, n v thi cng phi bin
son cc qui trnh ring theo cc qui nh ca nh ch to.
Chng mt
Bin php an ton khi xy dng
ng cp in ngm t 6 kv n 35 kv
I. Bin php an ton khi o ho t cp
iu 204: Khi o ho c chiu su qu 0,75 m khng c o ng thnh
m phi vt mt gc 300, nu gp t d st l th phi dng vn, g hoc tn
mng v ng cc chng .
iu 205: nhng ch t pht hin hoc nghi ng ng cp nm di,
khi o ti 0,40 m khng c dng cuc m phi dng xng tip tc o. Khi
thy ng cp phi thn trng trnh lm xy xt, nu cn thit phi treo ln
bo v cp, khng c dng dy cp, hp ni, ng nc v.v... bn cnh treo
m phi dng n g , n tre v thng treo cp.
iu 206: Khi o su, trnh t, ri xung ngi di ho, phi
t ra xa ming ho t 0,3 m tr ln, nu ng di ht ln phi ch trn c
ngi, khng c ht lung tung qu xa ming ho.
iu 207: Khi o ho cha xong hoc xong m ngh hoc chn cp th
phi lm hng ro tm thi hoc dng ba-ri-e chn li c treo bin: Ch !
cng trng, nu ban m phi c n bo tn hiu.
iu 208: Nhng ngi o di ho phi i giy, i m cng, nu o ch
c hoc ng nha phi eo knh bo h. Ko cp, vn cp, phi eo gng
tay vi bt (vn ng chiu quay ghi trn cun cp; li mc khng c vn).
ii. bin php an ton
khi vn chuyn cp n v tr cng tc
iu 209: Khi a cun cp ln t, hoc a t t xung t bng tay phi
ht sc thn trng, khng c ng trn ng ln ca cun cp m phi ng
hai bn, phi c dy thng tt vng qua cun cp hm khi a ln hoc a
xung xe.
Trang 37
Trang 42
Chng ba
Lp t dy dn v dy chng st
trong vng nh hng ca ng dy cao p
ang vn hnh in p 22 kV- 500 kv v l mch
th hai ca ng dy dn in hai mch
ang c in mt mch
I. Quy nh chung
iu 253: Cc cng vic lp t dy dn v dy chng st ng dy cao p
ang c in v trong vng nh hng ca ng dy cao p 22 kV500 kV c
quy nh nh sau:
253-1 Lp t dy dn, dy chng st ng dy 2 mch khi mt mch ang
c in.
253-2 Lp t dy dn, dy chng st ng dy hoc on ng dy i gn
ng dy in p 22 kV500 kV ang c in vi khong cch ng dy ang
c lp t so vi ng dy ang mang in nh nu im 233-3.
253-3 Lp t dy chng st pha trn mch ct in ca ng dy 2 mch
khi mch kia vn cn in.
253-4 Cm lp t dy chng st trn mt mch ang c in hoc trn mch
ang mang in ca ng dy 2 mch.
iu 254: Gim c cc n v xy lp cn phi c quy trnh thi cng ng
dy dn in trong iu kin nu trn cho cn b, cng nhn hc tp v
thc hin.
iu 255: Cho php lp t dy dn, dy chng st ng dy 2 mch khi
mch kia vn c in vi iu kin khong cch gia cc dy dn gn nht ca
mch th nht v mch th hai khng nh hn:
3 m i vi ng dy in p 22 kV35 kV.
3,5 m i vi ng dy in p 66 kV.
4 m i vi ng dy in p 110 kV.
6 m i vi ng dy in p 220 kV.
iu 256: Ngi ch huy trc tip n v cng tc phi c trnh an ton t
nht bc IV v thm nin cng tc xy lp ng dy in lc t nht 2 nm.
iu 257: Cc cng vic cc ct gn ng dy dn in c tro ln ct phi
do cng nhn ng dy chuyn nghip c trnh an ton t nht bc III thc
hin, cn khi lm vic trn ng dy ang mang in th phi c trnh an
ton t nht bc IV.
iu 258: Cng nhn bc III an ton c lm cc cng vic di t hoc
c tro ln ct ng dy ang mang in nhng phi cch dy dn di cng
ng dy ang mang in theo quy nh v khong cch an ton i vi tng
cp in p.
iu 259: Ngi c trnh an ton bc I, II ch c lm cc cng vic
di t nhng khng c tip xc vi dy dn hoc dy chng st ang lp t.
Trang 43
30
MWI
X 10 9
Trang 48
Ph bn
Xc nh h s h cm M
H s h cm M gia cc dy dn c xc nh theo ng cong (theo hnh
v). C cng thc:
6
M = F(10 x a.f )
10 6 x a.f
v trc tung l tr s M.
xc nh M phi tnh tr s
v a vo trc honh bn trn,
chiu xung ng cong, ko sang trc tung tm tr s M.
V d: Xc nh h s M gia cc dy dn khi khong cch gia chng a = 30
m; = 5 x 10-14; f = 50 Hz.
10 6 x 30 5.10-14.50 = 48
Chui vt cch in
Rng rc th dy
Rng rc ging
4 4 4 4 4
4
Khng qu 50 m
Trang 49
Chng bn
Bin php an ton khi xy dng
ng dy in cao, h p trn khng
I. Bin php an ton khi vn chuyn
dng c, nguyn vt liu, thit b
iu 290: Khi vn chuyn dng c, nguyn vt liu hay thit b nng nn dng
cc phng tin hin i gim bt sc lao ng ca con ngi. Trng hp
khng c cc phng tin mi dng cc xe vn ti th s nh: xe b, xe ba
bnh ... Ch dng sc ngi thc hin khi a hnh khng thun li cho vic
dng cc phng tin trn.
iu 291: Khi s dng nhng phng tin vn chuyn phi kim tra trng ti,
cc kt cu ca phng tin c chc chn, y hay khng ri mi dng.
Nu pht hin thy cha m bo th phi sa cha li ngay, tuyt i khng
c dng gng p.
Dy buc cc vt phi l dy tt v do nhng ngi bit cch buc lm.
Dng cn trc, pa-lng nng vt ln cao th khi nng ln khi mt t 15
cm phi dng li kim tra dy buc c chc hay khng ri mi t t nng vt
ln cao.
iu 292: t dng vn chuyn thit b, nguyn vt liu phi bit r trng
ti, khng c ch qu trng ti cho php, khi xe dng hn mi c xp d
hng. Vt liu xp trn xe khng c th ra ngoi thnh xe, nu cng knh phi
chn, buc chc chn.
iu 293: Chuyn ch cc vt liu di hn thnh xe phi buc vo u cui
ca vt liu c hoc mt tn hiu no . Khi xe chy qua ch ngot phi ch
ngi qua li hai bn v ng. Ch nhng vt liu, thit b cao hn thnh xe
phi ch khi i qua nhng ng dy in, thng tin, gm cu, cnh cy v
ng c nhiu g gp ghnh, xe phi gim tc , i t t. Cm li xe t
nhin dng xe li hoc t nhin cho xe chy nhanh (tr trng hp gp tr ngi
bt thng) trnh cho ngi v vt liu khng b x mnh.
iu 294: Khi dng xe vn ti ch ngi, vo ng cm, phi xin php
ca c quan cnh st giao thng, trc khi cho xe chy phi kim tra cc kho,
cht an ton ca thnh xe. Khi thnh xe thp di 1 m th nhng ngi trn xe
phi ngi xung.
iu 295: Cc xe th s do ngi ko, khi chuyn ch vt liu nng, cng
knh phi buc bng dy chc chn. Qua cc ng cong v xung dc phi i
chm li. Nhng ngi ko v y xe phi i giy vi hoc dp c quai hu, trnh
bnh xe dn vo chn. Khi xe ch nng ln dc phi c g chn bnh xe.
iu 296: n gnh, n khing, n trt, trc ln bng g hay bng tre phi
chn th tt, chc chn.
Khi dng n lt ct phi ch n bt tr li vo mt, khng c dng
tre, g mc khing, gnh vt nng.
Trang 50
Khi hai ngi khing vt nng phi cng mt bn vai. Khi qua nhng ch ng
ngi, ni c chng ngi vt, nhng on ng trn phi i cn thn trnh
trt ng.
Dy thng, quang gnh, st phi chc chn ph hp vi trng lng, nu thy
c hin tng h hng, mc nt phi kp thi i v sa cha ngay.
iu 297: Khi li ko nhng vt nng, di nh ct, t, st v.v... ln cao hay
xung thp phi ch kim tra dy thng tht chc chn, ngi ko phi c ch
ng vng vng, nu dng ti ko phi ch trc quay, dy cp, kho hm trc
khi quay ti.
Lc ang ko vt nng ln cao hay a xung thp tuyt i khng c ai i
li v ng di vt nng. Trnh vt ri xung gy tai nn. Cm a tay khing
di mp ct hoc vt nng.
iu 298: Khi di chuyn my bin p bng t hoc bng r-moc, phi buc
dy chng no 4 gc cho chc chn. Khi i qua nhng on ng xu, nhiu
g, phi cho xe chy chm (khong 15 km/gi) my bin p khi b xc mnh.
Khi di chuyn ct b tng bng t hoc r-moc phi c g k v chn hai bn
ct khi b gy hoc rn nt.
II. Bin php an ton khi o mng chn ct
iu 299: Khi o mng t phi dng cuc, mai, xng c chm cn
chc chn. Phi kim tra cc dng c k lng trc khi s dng.
iu 300: Tu theo cht t tng vng m quyt nh o vt nhiu hay t.
Nu l t st hay t pha ct th dc 200, nu l t xp hay t ln ct, si
th dc 300. Cm o theo kiu hm ch.
iu 301: t o di h a ln phi cch ming h t nht l: 0.3 m v
khng tr ngi n vic i li trn. y mng phi bng phng, ch cao, ch
thp khng c qu: 10 cm, nu ch no su qu 10 cm th phi cho hoc
ct xung m cht bo m cho y mng c bng phng.
iu 302: Mng o su hn 1 m gp phi mch nc ngm th phi c bin
php x l, c th l dng vn ng cc hoc dng g vung hay tre np.
Sau mi tin hnh o trnh thnh mng b st.
Chiu dy ca vn lm cc khng c nh hn 30 mm, g vung np khng
c nh hn (100x100) mm. Nu l tre th phi dng tre thng v gi. ng cc
phi t nhng yu cu sau y:
- Cc ng xung phi tht thng ng.
- Chiu su phi ng su hn y mng t (3060) cm.
Trng hp nc mch nhiu, lng nc chy vo mng cao th phi dng
gu tt, my bm bm nc ra ngoi.
iu 303: Khi o t nu gp ng dn nc, cng ngm, cp bu in hoc
cp in lc, khng c cuc v m phi dng li bo co vi c quan c
trch nhim gii quyt v nghim chnh chp hnh nhng iu kin cng tc m
c quan qun l ch dn.
H o, ni c ngi v xe qua li phi c ngi gim st hoc ro chn v
ban m phi treo n ln ro chn.
Trang 51
2. H pa-lng :
- Mc pa-lng vo u t.
- Dng dy thng tt lun pu-li h t t pa-lng xung. Nu c th, dng
mt si dy cp thp 6 mm cng vi dy thng phng thng b t.
3. H t ba chn:
- Treo pu-ly vo gia ct mi dng, lun thng hoc cp thp vo pu-ly, mt
u buc vo u t cn mt u hm di.
- Ly n by chn t v t t xng thng ra, cho t h xung t.
4. Tho dy -vng v cc:
- Ch c tho 4 dy no chnh sau khi b tng mng 24 gi.
- Tho u dy di trc cho cp chng li ri mi c tro ln ct tho
u trn. Lm vic trn ct phi eo dy an ton.
iu 339: Dng ct bng thang, thng (ct h p: 8,5 m; 9,60 m, ...) phi dng
thang g, hai ci 3 m, mt ci 4 m v mt thang tre t 5 m n 6,50 m. Phi kim
tra thang k lng, xem thang c b gy, b mc khng, ngoi ra cn phi dng
mt s n tre chc chn v dy thng bn, tt buc gi ct.
iu 340: Ngi ch huy trc tip dng ct bng thang, thng phi ht sc
thn trng v bao qut ra lnh chnh xc. Nhng ngi tham gia dng phi tp
trung t tng nghe hiu lnh, khng c ni chuyn, ri khi v tr nu cha
c php ca ch huy.
iu 341: Nhng ct khi dng cha lp x th sau 24 gi mi c a x ln
ct lp. Mun a x ln phi treo pu-ly ln ngn ct v dng thng ko
ln, khng c em theo cng vi ngi, ngi ng ko phi ng xa chn ct
v ko t t, khng c ko dt phng dy t, st ri xung.
iu 342: Ngi tro ln ct lp x phi eo dy an ton. Khi ln phi em
theo mt b st, ng tm vo ct ng cho mi, nu lp nhng b x nng
phi c hai ngi cng lm trn ct.
iu 343: Khi ko s ln ct lp phi ch khng cho s va vo ct khi b
st m, trc men. Khi lp ty s (chn ty) phi vn cho ht rng. Xit m c (-cu)
phi dng m lt vn tht cht s khng c lung lay.
iu 344: Nu lp s chui th sau khi a chui s vo mc treo phi th t
t cho chui s thng xung. Phi kim tra cht ch b cong cha phng
tut cht ri kho. Kim tra mc ni gia cc bt s c ch M khng v.v...
iu 345: Nu lp c x v s vo ct cng dng mt lc th khi dng ct
ln phi ch tm mi bin php trnh vnh x, v s, trnh khng vng dy
-vng.
VI. bin php an ton khi
ri dy, ni dy, cng dy, ly vng
v lp cc ph kin khc
iu 346: Trc khi mc dy phi kim tra mng ct chc v dm cht
cha, nu l mng b tng th ct dng chc cha, liu khi mc dy ln c th
c bin c g xy ra khng. Phi b tr ngi bo v cc v tr cn thit nh: qua
ng st, ng t, ng ci ln c ngi v c xe th s qua li.
Trang 56
Trang 62
Phn th t
Nhng bin php an ton
cho cng tc th nghim v o m
Chng mt
Nhng bin php an ton
khi th nghim thit b in cao p
iu 401: Th nghim thit b in cao p phi c phiu cng tc, trong
ngi ch huy trc tip phi c trnh an ton bc IV tr ln. Cng nhn lm
vic trong n v cng tc phi c hun luyn v kim tra:
1- Nhng hiu bit v phng php th nghim v nhng quy tc trnh by
trong chng ny.
2- Nhng kinh nghim v vic tin hnh th nghim.
Vic kim tra ny s kt hp cng vi thi gian kim tra quy trnh k thut an
ton hng nm ca n v.
iu 402: Nhn vin vn hnh hoc nhng ngi c s gim st ca nhn
vin vn hnh c quyn cng tc th nghim khng cn phiu cng tc nhng
phi c lnh cng tc v c ghi vo s nht k vn hnh. Trong trng hp ny
nhn vin vn hnh phi c trnh ti thiu bc IV an ton.
iu 403: Dng my th cp ke-n-t-rng th nghim c th do nhn vin
vn hnh trnh bc IV an ton tr ln iu khin mt mnh. Vic th nghim
cc ng c in c ct in cng do nhn vin c trnh bc IV an ton
tr ln thc hin khng cn phi c phiu cng tc.
iu 404: Tin hnh nhng th tc: vit phiu cng tc, ct in, treo bin, t
ro, kim tra ht in, t tip t theo nhng iu kin quy nh trong Phn th
nht-mc V quy trnh ny.
iu 405: Cc phng n th nghim thit b phc tp do nhn vin tin hnh
th nghim chun b nhng phi c ph trch phn xng (i) duyt.
iu 406: Nhng cng nhn thao tc ng, ct in phc v cho vic th
nghim thit b phi c kim tra v quy trnh thao tc, s kt dy, th tc
giao, nhn phiu v nhng bin php an ton c nhn v.v ... trc khi lm vic.
iu 407: Khu vc th nghim c in p cao phi c ro chn. Ngi khng
c nhim v khng c vo v lun c ngi trng coi , ngi ny c th l
ngi u cc thit b th nghim v th mch. Vic t ro chn do ngi tin
hnh th nghim chu trch nhim. Nu dng dy cng thay ro chn th trn dy
phi treo bin Dng li! in cao p. Nu cc dy dn in i qua hnh lang,
cu thang, sn nh ... th phi c ngi ng gc ti cc v tr cn thit.
iu 408: Trc khi a in vo th, tt c cng nhn trong n v cng
tc phi lui ra mt ni an ton theo s hng dn ca ngi ch huy trc tip.
Vic a in vo th nghim do ngi ch huy trc tip th nghim m nhn
hoc ra lnh cho nhn vin trong n v thc hin.
Trang 63
iu 409: Trc khi ng in ngi ch huy trc tip phi t mnh kim tra
mch u dy th nghim v bin php an ton, sau bo trc cho cng nhn
bng cu: ti ng in! ri mi ng in hoc ra lnh ng in. Khng
c u thm g khi ng in pha h p.
iu 410: Khi th nghim xong, ngi ch huy trc tip phi ct in, lm
tip t v bo cho cng nhn bit ct in, sau ra lnh u dy li
tip tc th nghim hoc tho d cc ro chn v kt thc cng tc.
iu 411: Khi u xong cc thit b cn th mi c tho tip t. Trng
hp thit b cn th nghim ct hn ra bng cu dao cch ly th trn cc on
cn tip tc cng tc khc phi t tip t ch mch h.
iu 412: Cu dao cp in th nghim phi l cu dao 2 cc. Phn ct mch
in phi c trng thy r rng. T khi a thit b vo mch th phi c ngi
coi cu dao. phng ng in nhm cn phi c m lt cch in t
gia li v hm cu dao.
iu 413: Phn v ca cc thit b th nghim cao p phi c tip t.
iu 414: Khi dng thit b th nghim lu ng cn thc hin ng cc iu
kin sau y:
1- Cc b phn cao p phi c che kn, khng c d va chm.
2- Nu thit b th nghim h th phi b tr ring: bn t thit b h p, bn
t thit b cao p v gia hai bn phi c ngn cch.
3- Cu dao, cu ch v cc thit b in h p cn phi ni thun tin, d
kim tra v iu khin.
iu 415: Khi th cp, c hai u on cp u phi treo bin: Cm ng
in! c ngi ang lm vic. Nu u cp bn kia nm trong nh m ni c
ngi ang lm vic khc th trong thi gian th nghim phi c ngi ng gc,
ng thi ro li v treo bin Dng li! in cao p.
iu 416: Khi tin hnh th cp phi eo gng tay cch in, i ng cch in
hoc ng trn thm cao su cch in. my k-n-t-rng phi c bin php
bo v ngi iu khin my, trnh nh hng c hi ca tia rn-ghen bng
cch dng tm thp dy t (0,51) mm hoc dng loi n c bit theo cu to
ca chng khng th sinh ra tia rn-ghen c.
iu 417: S dng m-gm-mt o do nhng ngi sau y lm:
1- Nhn vin vn hnh hoc ngi c nhn vin gim st th khng cn
phiu cng tc.
2- Nhn vin th nghim hoc nhn vin khc phi theo phiu cng tc quy
nh.
3- Cng nhn c trnh bc III an ton tr ln c php s dng m-gmmt mt mnh o trn mch c ct in khng cn phiu cng tc.
iu 418: Ch c dng m-gm-mt o cc thit b cch ly hon ton
mi pha. Trc khi quay cn phi bit chc chn l khng c ngi lm vic
b phn thit b ang cn o. Cm mi ngi chm vo nhng vt dn in lin
quan n thit b ang o.
iu 419: Sau khi th nghim bng in p cao, phi kh in tch v khi
khng nh khng cn in tch na mi c bo l ct in!.
Trang 64
Chng hai
I. Nhng bin php an ton khi
tho lp ng h, r le v thit b thng tin
iu 420: Nhng cng vic: lp rp, kim tra, iu chnh, tho g sa cha
cc ng h o m, r-le, cc thit b t ng, cc thit b thng tin lin lc v.v
... c tin hnh theo quy nh di y:
1- Phi c phiu cng tc theo quy nh chung nhng bung phn phi in
cao p trong nh v ngoi tri.
2- Khng cn c phiu cng tc nhng ni khng c b phn dn in vi
in p trn 1000 V, hoc c nhng tm che chn bo v, nhng phi c lnh
cng tc, c ghi vo nht k vn hnh. Nhng ngi lm cng tc ny phi c
trnh bc IV an ton tr ln, c hun luyn v chuyn mn.
iu 421: Trng hp cn thit, khi kim tra cc mch o lng, iu khin,
bo v c th c php li mt nhn vin c trnh ti thiu bc IV an ton
trong n v cng tc ti bung c in p trn 1000 V nhng phi theo ng quy
nh v an ton khi cng tc thit b in trn 1000 V khng ct in trong quy
trnh ny.
iu 422: Khi lm vic nhng mch o lng, bo v ang mang in cn
phi p dng bin php an ton nh sau:
- Tt c cc cun dy th cp ca my bin cng (TI) v my bin in p
(TU) cn phi c dy tip t c nh.
- Cun th cp ca my bin cng khng c h mch.
iu 423: Khi tho lp bt c loi ng h no u phi ct in ri mi c
lm. Nhng u dy cn li sau khi tho ng h i phi ly bng cch in
bc kn li. Nu khng ct in c th phi c cc bin php an ton trnh
chm chp v phi c hai ngi lm vic.
II. Nhng bin php an ton khi
ghi ch cng t in
iu 424: nhng bung c thit b trn 1000 V, nhng b phn dn in t
trn cao hoc che kn khng th va chm c th cho php nhn vin vo ghi ch
cng t.
iu 425: Khi vo cc trm bin p nhn vin ghi ch ch c lm nhim v
c v ghi ch s cng t bng mt, khng c ng chm ti thit b khc
phng b in git.
iu 426: Cho php nhn vin ghi ch cng t vo trm mt mnh lm
nhim v nhng phi c s ng v giao cha kho ca chi nhnh in hoc
n v qun l trm . Sau khi ghi ch xong phi ghi ngy, gi, cng vic v k
tn vo s nht k vn hnh trm, tr li cha kho.
iu 427: Cng t in treo trn ct, mc du ct c in hay khng c
in, khi tro ln cao ngi ghi ch phi eo dy an ton v phi lun lun ch
trnh va chm vo nhng dy in xung quanh hm t cng t.
Trang 65
Khi nhn vin ghi ch lm vic nhng ni nguy him nh: cng t treo trong
nh tm, nh v sinh v.v ... phi phng trn, trt ng, khi tro cao phi c
thang chc chn hoc k bn, gh c chn vng chc, d ng.
Trang 66
Ph lc 1
Cp cu ngi b in git
Trong khi lm vic hoc trong cuc sng, nu thy c ngi b in git, bt c
ngi no cng phi c nhim v cu cha nn nhn.
Theo thng k, nu b tai nn in m c cp cu kp thi v ng phng
php th t l nn nhn c cu sng rt cao.
Bng di y cho thy, nu nn nhn c cp cu ngay trong pht u tin
th kh nng cu sng n 98%. Cn n pht th 5 th c hi cu sng ch cn
25%.
Thi gian (pht)
T l % nn nhn
c cu sng
98
90
70
50
25
C 2 bc c bn cu ngi b tai nn in l:
1- Tch nn nhn ra khi mch in.
2- Cp cu nn nhn ti ch.
I- Cch tch ngi b in git
ra khi mch in
Khi c ngi b tai nn in phi tm mi cch tch nn nhn ra khi mch
in. Khi cu, cn ch nhng iu sau y va cu nn nhn va trnh
khng b in git:
1. Trng hp ct c mch in
Cch tt nht l ct in bng nhng thit b ng, ct gn nht nh: cng tc
in, cu ch, hoc rt phch cm, cu dao, my ct ... Khi ct cn lu :
1-a. Nu mch in b ct cp cho n chiu sng lc tri ti th phi chun b
ngay ngun sng khc thay th.
1-b. Nu ngi b nn trn cao th phi chun b hng khi ngi ri
xung.
2- Trng hp khng ct c mch in
Trong trng hp ny cn phn bit ngi b nn ang b chm vo in h p
hay in cao p p dng cc cch sau:
2-a. Nu l in h p th ngi cu phi ng trn bn, gh hoc tm g kh,
i dp hoc ng cao su, eo gng cao su dng tay ko nn nhn tch ra khi
mch in. Nu khng c cc phng tin trn c th dng tay nm o, qun kh
ca nn nhn ko ra hoc dng gy g, tre kh gt dy in hoc y nn nhn
tch ra. Cng c th dng km cch in, ba, ru cn bng g ct t dy
in ang gy tai nn.
Tuyt i khng c chm trc tip vo ngi nn nhn v nh vy ngi i
cu cng b in git.
Trang 67
Trang 69
Ph lc 2
Th tc tin hnh cng vic trn thit b in do cc
n v ni khc c n lm
Nhng ngi ni khc c c n lm vic trn cc thit b in cn phi
tun theo cc iu quy nh sau y:
Cc nhn vin lm cng tc vn hnh hay trong cc n v xy lp qua kim
tra kin thc v quy trnh k thut an ton u phi c giy chng nhn theo mu
quy nh (giy chng nhn do x nghip ca nhn vin hoc do x nghip m
h c c n cp). Trong trng hp h c coi ngang hng nh nhn vin
ca x nghip m h c c n (tr quyn hn c cho php vo lm vic).
Nu v yu cu sn xut, cn phi c quyn cho php vo lm vic cng vic
cn lm th cc nhn vin k thut in ni khc c n phi qua st hch ti
hi ng ca x nghip h c c n, lc h c coi ngang hng nh cc
nhn vin tng ng ca x nghip ny tin hnh vic .
Ngoi ra, nhng ngi c c n bng lnh vit l:
1- Ngi c quyn cp phiu cng tc.
2- Ngi lnh o cng vic v ch huy trc tip.
Nhng ngi ny bt buc phi nghin cu h s v tnh cht, c im thit
b in ca x nghip, nghe nhng ch dn cn bit. Khi c nhng ngi t chc,
ch o cng vic trong thit b in ca x nghip nh th th khng cn phi c
cc nhn vin vn hnh ca x nghip lm ngi gim st c bit. Ch trong
nhng trng hp tin hnh cng vic trn cc thit b in c iu kin c bit
nguy him do ph gim c k thut ca x nghip c quyt nh th mi cn c
ngi gim st an ton in nhng ngi ni khc c n.
Khi cc nhn vin ni khc c n lm vic trn cc thit b in ca x
nghip no th x nghip phi chu trch nhim thc hin cc bin php an
ton nhm bo v cc nhn vin ny khi b in git.
X nghip c nhn vin c i lm vic phi chu trch nhim v trnh ca
cc nhn vin c c i thc hin cc iu ca quy trnh ny.
Trang 70
Ph lc 3
Mu 01-PTT/QG
Dng cho cc thao tc trn h thng in c 2 hay nhiu n v
cng tham gia.
..............
..............
Phiu thao tc
S phiu: . . . . . . . / . . . .
T s: . . . . . . . . . / . . . .
S
S phiu: . . . . . . . / . . . .
T s: . . . . . . . . . / . . . .
Trang 72
S phiu: . . . . . . . / . . . .
T s: . . . . . . . . . / . . . .
Trnh t thao tc
S
TT
n v
1
Ni dung thao tc
3
Ngy . . . . thng . . . nm . . .
Ngi vit phiu
(Ktn)
Ngi Ngi
ra
nhn
lnh
lnh
5
6
Thi gian
Bt
Kt
u
thc
7
8
Ngy . . . . thng . . . . nm . . .
Ngi duyt phiu
(K tn)
Trang 73
Ngy......thng......nm......
Ngi vit phiu
(K tn)
Ngy......thng......nm......
Ngi duyt phiu
(K tn)
Ngi ra lnh
Ngi gim st
Ngi thao tc
(K tn)
(K tn)
( K tn)
thao tc xong theo trnh t trn lc .....gi....pht, ngy...thng .... nm....
bo cho ng (B)......chc v....lc .....gi.... pht, ngy....thng... nm....
Trang 74
phiu thao tc
S phiu:....../...... /......
T s :....../..........
Ngi ra lnh
(K tn)
Trang 75
phiu thao tc
S phiu:......./....... /.....
T s :......./.........
Trnh t cc ng tc
nh du
thc hin (x)
Trang 76
Cng ty......
n v .....
S:.../.... /.....
t dy tip t
V- Cc iu c bit cn lu :
1- Bin php an ton:..................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
2- Phng thc truyn lnh cho php bt u lm vic:............................
...........................................................................................................................
Phiu cng tc cp ngy ......thng......nm......
Ngi cp phiu
(K v ghi h tn)
Trang 77
Ngy, thng,
nm
K tn
Trang 78
Cng ty......
n v .....
phiu cng tc h p
S:.../......
t dy tip t
V- Cc iu c bit cn lu :
1- Bin php an ton:........................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
2- Phng thc truyn lnh cho php bt u lm vic:...........................
.....................................................................................................................
Phiu cng tc cp ngy ......thng......nm......
Ngi cp phiu
(K v ghi h tn)
Trang 79
Ngy, thng,
nm
K tn
Trang 80
Dng cho cc nh my in
phiu cng tc tht b in
S:...../....
nh my....
n v .....
Ngilnh o cng vic:.........................................................Bc AT...../5.
Ngi ch huy trc tip:............................................................Bc AT...../5.
I- n v cng tc gm:
TT
H v tn
Bc
TT
H v tn
Bc
AT
AT
1
/5
6
/5
2
/5
7
/5
3
/5
8
/5
4
/5
9
/5
5
/5
10
/5
II- a dim cng tc:..................................................................................
III- Ni dung cng tc:................................................................................
Thi gian bt u cng vic(theo k hoch)...gi...pht, ngy...thng ..nm...
Thi gian kt thc cng vic(theo k hoch)...gi...pht, ngy.thng.. nm....
IV- Bin php an ton cn thc hin:
Cn ct in
ct in
t dy tip t
t dy tip t
V- Cc iu c bit cn lu :
- Bin php an ton:............................................................................
..................................................................................................................
Phiu cng tc cp ngy.....thng.....nm....
Ngi cp phiu
(K v ghi h tn)
duyt phiu lc....gi....ngy......thng ....nm....
Trng ca
(K v ghi h tn)
Trang 81
Ngy, thng,
nm
K tn
Trang 82
S:.../.......
t dy tip t
V- Cc iu c bit cn lu :
1- Bin php an ton:..................................................... ....................
2- Phng thc truyn lnh cho php bt u lm vic:.......................
..................................................................................................................
Phiu cng tc cp ngy ......thng......nm......
Ngi cp phiu
(K v ghi h tn)
Trang 83
Ngy, thng,
nm
K tn
Trang 84
t dy tip t
V- Cc iu c bit cn lu :
Bin php an ton: .................................................................................
Phiu cng tc cp ngy ......thng......nm......
Ngi cp phiu
(K v ghi h tn)
Trang 85
Ngy, thng,
nm
K tn
Trang 86
Ph lc 4
Tiu chun cp bc k thut an ton
Cp bc
(1)
I
Tui khng
di
(4)
17
c im:
Bc I thuc v nhng ngi c lin quan n vic iu khin my mc, nhng
khng c trnh hiu bit v k thut in, cha hiu r c s nguy him v
in v nhng bin php an ton khi lm vic nhng thit b in.
Ch thch:
i vi cng nhn lm vic nhng thit b in trn 1000 V ch c k
thm nin khi lm vic ti b phn my mc thit b y.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
17
II
- Ngi lm v sinh - t nht phi qua 1
nhng thit b trn 1000 thng lm vic my
V.
mc thit b in .
- Th ngui, thng tin
vin, li xe.
- Cng nhn li xe cn
trc
- Cng nhn vn hnh, sa - T 1 n 2 nm trong
cha, xy dng, th cng tc ang lm.
nghim in, c cp bc
chuyn mn t bc 1 n
bc 2.
- Sinh vin thc tp, hc - Khng quy nh v
sinh cc trng trung cp thm nin.
k thut v cng nhn hc
ngh thc tp.
Trang 87
c im:
Nhng ngi thuc bc II cn phi:
a. C nhng hiu bit s b v thit b in trm v ng dy.
b. Thy c y nhng nguy him ca in v s nguy him khi n
gn nhng thit b dn in.
c. C trnh hiu bit v phng php c bn phng nguy him khi
lm vic nhng thit b in.
d. Bit nguyn tc v thc hnh vic cp cu ngi b in git.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
III
- Khng c di 6
thng trong ngh hin
ti.
- i vi nhng ngi
c trnh lp 9 tr ln
qua kho hc
chuyn mn.
- Ngi tt nghip
trng chuyn nghip
khng di 3 thng
thm nin chung.
17
c im:
Nhng ngi thuc bc III cn phi:
a. Hiu bit s b v k thut lm quen v iu khin cc thit b in
v ng dy ni trn 1000 V.
b. Thy c y nhng nguy him khi lm vic nhng thit b in
ang mang in (ng dy v trm c in p trn 1000 V).
c. C trnh hiu bit v k thut an ton v nht l nguyn tc c php
lm vic nhng my mc, thit b in.
d. Hiu bit nhng quy tc an ton v phn mnh m nhim.
e. Bit cch kim tra, gim st cng nhn lm vic nhng thit b in,
my mc in.
g. Bit cch cp cu ngi b in git.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
IV
18
Trang 88
vin.
mn hay nhng ngi
- K s, k thut vin tt nghip k thut
hoc chuyn nghip c
chnh thc lm vic.
thm nin khng di
6 thng.
c im:
Nhng ngi thuc bc IV cn phi:
a. C nhng hiu bit k thut in c s.
b. Thy c y nguy him khi cng tc trn thit b in.
c. Hiu bit ton b quy trnh ny, phn chung v c nhng phn ring v
nghip v ca mnh, nguyn tc s dng v th nghim nhng dng c an ton p
dng cc my mc thit b in.
d. Hiu bit my mc n trnh c th bit ct in b phn no
tin hnh cng tc sa cha. C th tm b phn y trn thc t v kim tra c
vic chp hnh cc bin php an ton.
e. Bit t chc gim st, theo di cng nhn lm vic.
g. Bit cch cp cu ngi b in git.
(1)
V
(2)
(3)
(4)
18
- i vi nhng ngi
tt nghip trng
chuyn nghip, thm
nin t nht 3 nm.
- Thm nin khng
di 6 thng trong
cng tc hin ti .
c im:
Nhng ngi c bc V cn phi:
a. Hiu bit chc chn quy trnh ny phn chung cng nh phn ring v
quy tc s dng th nghim cc phng tin bo m an ton dng cc my
mc thit b in.
b. Hiu y ngha v yu cu cc mc trong quy trnh ny.
Trang 89
c. Bit t chc tin hnh cc bin php an ton, kim tra theo di nhng
cng tc y.
d. Hiu bit mt cch chc chn phng php cp cu ngi b tai nn in
git.
e. Hiu bit s v thit b ca b phn mnh ph trch.
Trang 90
Ph lc 5
Tiu chun k thut ca mt s Dng c an ton v
dng c lm vic mang in p
A. Dng c an ton:
Th
t
1
Hng mc
th nghim
o di
1. So cch in
Thit b
trong nh
in p nh mc ca
thit b in (kV)
Trang 91
di b
phn tay
nm
(m)
10 tr xung
di
b
phn
cch
in
(m)
0,7
0,3
1,1
0,4
35 tr xung
1,1
0,4
1,4
0,6
110 tr xung
1,8
0,9
2,0
1,0
220 tr xung
3,0
1,0
Th
t
Hng mc
th nghim
2. Km
cch in
10
0,45
0,15
0,75
0,20
35
0,75
0,20
1,20
0,20
3. Ci ch
in p
(bt th
in)
in p nh
mc ca thit
b o (kV)
di b phn
cch in
(mm)
di b
phn tay
nm
(mm)
di
ton b
(mm)
10 v di 10
320
110
680
1020
400
120
840
2035
510
120
1060
Trang 92
Th
t
Hng mc
th nghim
Th chu in p xoay
chiu
Tn
dng
c
in p ng
dy s
dng
So
cch
in
(kV)
35 tr xung
110 tr ln
Trang 93
Km
cch
in
35 tr xung
Gng
cch
in
Cc loi in
p
in p th (kV)
Thi gian
th
Chu k
th
(pht)
Dng c
mi
3 ln
in p
nhng
khng
c b
hn 40
3 ln
in p
pha
3 ln
in p
nhng
khng
c b
hn 40
Th nh
k
Ging
nh mi
12
Ging
nh mi
1 nm
Ging
nh mi
1 nm
6 thng
6 thng
Th t
Hng mc
th nghim
Giy cch
in
Cc loi
in p
(kV)
ng cch
in
1 v
di 1
m v
thm
cao su
1 tr ln,
1 tr
xung
Gh cch
in
15 kV
(c)
Mi: 2
C: 1
(pht)
6 thng
3,5
Mi: 2
C: 2
20
15
2 nm
7,5
3,5
2 nm
3 nm
Ging
nh
dng c
mi
Cc loi
in p
40
10 tr
xung
20
20
1020
20
20
35 tr
xung
20
20
6 thng
Ci ch
in p
1. Bn
thn ci
ch in
p, bt
th in
Trang 94
6 thng
Th
t
th nghim
Tn
dng
c
2. B
phn
cch
in
ng
in tr
Ci ch
dng
in
(Am pe
cp)
1. B
phn
cch
in
2. B
phn
li st
Trang 95
Hng mc
in p
s dng
(kV)
10 tr
xung
in p th (kV)
Thi gian
th
Dng c
mi
Th nh
k
40
40
Chu k th
(pht)
1020
35 tr
xung
70
70
105
105
10
10
10
10 tr
xung
40
40
10 tr
xung
20
20
6 thng
1 nm
1 nm
Th
t
Hng mc
th nghim
in p pht ra nh sng
C ly nh hng gy nh
sng
1. 6 kV tr xung c ly i vi thit b
mang in 150 mm khng c sinh
ra nh sng.
2. 35 kV c ly i vi thit b mang
in 500 mm khng c sinh ra nh
sng.
Trang 96
Trang 97
Hng mc
th nghim
- Dng c ng p.
. Tr s in p th trn mi cm chiu
di i vi b phn cch in ca cc
loi dng c cch in:
- Dng c mi: 1,7 kV
Th chu in p xoay chiu
- Khi kim tra: 1,5 kV
Thi gian th: 5 pht
- Dng c lm vic c mang
. So treo dy cch in, so sit dy,
in.
so chu lc, so dy, chiu di b
phn cch in hu dng; cn phi ph
hp tr s di y:
Chiu di b nht
ca b phn cch
in p
Chiu
in hu dng (m)
o chiu di
ng
di b
do iu kin thit
dy
phn
b hn ch
(kV)
cch
in hu
dng (m)
3,310
0,5
0,4
35
0,4
77110
1,5
1,0
Th
t
Hng mc
th nghim
di b
phn cch
in hu
dng (m)
di tay nm
(m)
3,335
1,0
0,60,8
53110
1,5
0,81,0
Trang 98
Th
t
2
Hng mc
th nghim
Th
t
Hng mc
th nghim
Ghi ch:
1. in p th cn phi t trn ton b chiu di on cch in. Khi th cng
cho php chia ra tng on th nhng khng c chia qu 4 on (khng k
dy thng cch in). in p t trn mi on cn phi tnh theo in p t
trn ton b chiu di v tng thm 20 %.
2. Th in cn phi tin hnh sau khi th c.
3. Nu sut thi gian th in cao p, dng c cch in c th chu c in p
t vo, b mt khng xut hin hin tng phng in v sau khi ct in ly tay
Trang 99
Ti trng th nghim: kg
Tn gi cc my
mc v dng c
Th nh k
Tnh
1,1 PH
1,1 PH
1,1 PH
ng
1,0 PH
1,0 PH
1,0 PH
1,1 PH
1,1 PH
1,1 PH
1,0 PH
Thi
Thi
gian
hn th
th
nghim
(pht) (thng)
10
10
10
12
12
12
10
10
10
12
6
6
1,1 PH
10
225
135
100
180
12
Ch thch:
1. PH-Ti trng lm vic cho php.
2. Khi kt qu th nghim tnh khng t yu cu th khng cn tin hnh th
nghim ng. Th nghim ng l nng ln, h xung nhiu ln mt vt nng.
Trang 100
Trang 101
Ph lc 7
Bin bo an ton v in
(Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 2572 - 78)
Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc bin bo c ch v du hiu c in p, t
trn cc dng c, my, kh c, cc thit b in, .... bo cho ngi trnh khi
nguy him do in gy ra khi vn hnh, lm vic v i qua gn nhng thit b .
1. Phn loi v kch thc:
1.1 Cn c vo i tng cn bo hiu, bin bo gm:
Bin bo chung-dng ni c nhn vin vn hnh thit b in cng nh ngi
n lm vic.
Bin bo ring-dng nhng ni c nhn vin vn hnh thit b in lm vic.
1.2 Cn c vo thi gian s dng, bin bo gm:
Bin bo c nh-t trong mt thi gian khng quy nh:
Bin bo lu ng-t trong mt thi gian nht nh.
1.3 Cn c vo kch thc (axb), tnh bng mm, bin bo c phn thnh
nhm sau:
a- 360 x 240
d- 210 x 210 h- 72 x 36
b- 240 x 150 e- 145 x 72
i- 52 x 26
c- 240 x 120 g- 105 x 52
k- 36 x 18
1.4 Cn c vo ni dung li trn bin, bin bo c phn theo Bng 1.
1.5 Ni dung trnh by v kch thc bin bo quy nh trong Bng 24 v
trn hnh v 120.
1.6 Bin bo phi c sn mu ph hp vi quy nh trong Bng 4.
1.7 S dng cc bin bo phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh trong cc quy
phm an ton lao ng hoc cc ti liu khc c lin quan v an ton lao ng.
1.8 Khi t lm cc bin bo, phi ch r kiu, loi theo qui nh trong tiu
chun ny.
2. Yu cu v k thut
2.1 Bin bo phi ch to theo nhng yu cu ca tiu chun ny v cc ti liu
k thut c lin quan khc.
2.2 Bin bo c nh v khun c ch to bng thp tm cht lng thng, c
chiu dy khng nh hn 0,5 mm.
2.3 Bin bo c nh kiu 15eX n 15kX dng gn trn thit b in, kh c,
cc dng c o in c th ch to bng vt liu nh nhm l, ng l, thp l
hoc bng vt liu khc nhng phi m bo tui th ca n trong iu kin vn
hnh ca sn phm, ng thi phi m bo r rng v c r nt ch. C th
dng loi c l hoc khng c l. Cho php ch v du hiu c in p trc tip
ngay trn sn phm nhng c kch thc phi ph hp vi TCVN 2049-77 theo
chiu cao h quy nh Bng 3 ca tiu chun ny.
Trang 102
2.4 Bin bo phi c gn chc bng bu lng, vt, inh tn hoc gn trc tip
vo sn phm. Kch thc ca cc l bt bu lng, vt c quy nh trong cc
bng v hnh v ca tiu chun ny.
2.5 Bin bo lu ng c php ch to bng kim loi l, cht do hoc bng vt
liu khc c chiu dy 23 mm. Cc vt liu ny khng b h hng do tc dng
ca kh quyn.
2.6 Hnh s ngi phi m bo cc yu cu sau: Mu ca hc mt, mi, rng v
ng vin ca s phi l mu en; on u ca du hiu c in p phi cho
xuyn qua hc mt phi, nhng hnh s ngi khng c che khut u mi tn
ca du hiu, ng thi phi cha mt on r t ch hc mt phi n ch
gp khc ca du hiu c in p;
Hnh s ngi phi c kch thc tng ng vi du hiu c in p.
2.7 Phn li ca bin bo phi vit bng ch in thng ng theo tiu chun Ti
liu thit k (TCVN. 6-85).
Hnh dng v kch thc ca du hiu c in p theo TCVN 2049-77.
2.8 Bin bo khng c c nhng vt sn si, cnh sc.
2.9 Bin bo c nh v khun phi sn c hai mt, trc khi sn phi lm sch
vt bn, vt g.
2.10 Sn phi u, m v bn, b mt sn phi nhn.
2.11 Bin bo kiu 2aX phi bt chc chn cao t 2,5m n 3m so vi mt
t.
2.12 Trn ct b tng, cho php dng khun loi 2K th hin trc tip ni
dung ca bin bo v sn mu quy nh trong Bng 4.
2.13 Pha trn bin bo loi lu ng phi c hai l theo kch thc quy nh
trong Bng 2 lun dy treo thch hp.
3. Quy tc nghim thu
3.1 Cc bin bo phi c b phn kim tra k thut bn sn xut kim tra theo
yu cu cu tiu chun ny.
3.2 Kim tra kch thc ch vit ca bin bo bng dng c o c chnh xc
n 1 mm. Khi kim tra, ly 10% s bin bo ca l, nhng khng c t hn ba
chic.
3.3 Kim tra cc mc 2.72.10 bng mt thng. Kim tra tng bin bo ring
bit.
4. Bao gi, ghi nhn, bo qun v vn chuyn
4.1 Bin bo phi c bao gi trong hm g hoc hm cc tng, gia cc bin
bo phi c lp giy lt. Trng lng ca hm xp bin bo khng qu 20 kg.
4.2 Trn mi hm c ghi nhn, bao gm cc mc sau:
- Tn hoc du hiu quy c ca c s sn xut;
- Kiu bin bo;
- Trng lng, kg;
- K hiu v s hiu ca tiu chun;
Trang 103
Trang 104
Trang 105
Trang 106
Trang 107
Ph lc 8
Bng 1: Thi gian cho php lm vic
trong mt ngy m ph thuc vo cng in trng
in trng
kV/m
Thi gian
cho php
(gi)
<
Kh 8 4,25
ng
hn
ch
10
12
2,2
15
18
20
20<E25
> 25
1/6
(10 pht)
6
3.1
3.9
4.9
3.3
2.2
2.4
3.7
8.0
7
4.1
4.8
5.8
4.0
3.1
3.0
4.2
8.0
8
5.2
5.9
6.3
4.7
3.6
3.6
4.7
8.0
9
6.6
7.1
7.1
5.5
4.3
4.3
5.2
-
10
8.0
8.0
6.3
5.1
5.0
5.8
-
11
7.3
5.9
5.8
6.5
-
12
6.9
6.6
7.3
-
13
7.8
7.4
8.0
-
14
-
Trang 108
10
12
15
>15
4.5
Khng
hn ch
Ph lc 9
in tr ni t ca ng dy, ng cp, ng ng v cc kt cu kim
loi phng trnh nguy him do cm ng tnh in (
)
Chiu
di
on i
gn
DK
(km)
10
20
30
40
70
100
350
70
35
18
240
120
60
400
200
100
200
100
50
360
180
90
500
250
125
1. Khi i gn DK 500 kV
0.007
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.1
0.5
1
5
10
20
400
200
40
20
4
2
1
400
80
40
8
4
2
200
100
20
10
5
400
200
40
20
10
2. Khi i gn DK 220 kV
n 0.5
1
5
10
20
400
80
40
20
500
100
50
25
600
120
60
30
160
80
40
Ph lc 10
in tr ni t mt cc
TT
1
2
3
Loi t
t vn (t
tht)
t st
t bn, than
bn
Trang 109
in tr t mt
cc (/cc)
16
16
9
4
5
6
7
8
t pha st
t en
t pha ct
Ct kh
, si, vi
40
80
120
320
800 1200
cht vo kt cu cn ni t.
Ch :
- Khi trong bng c gch ngang (-) th ch cn dng mt cc ni t di
2.5m (bng thp 16 hay thp gc 63x63x6, 50x50x5)
- S cc ni t cn thit Nc tnh nh sau:
in tr ni t ca mt cc ph thuc vo loi t, ly gn ng theo Ph
lc 10.
in tr ni t ca mt cc
Nc =
in tr ni t yu cu Ph lc 9
Mc lc
- Li ni u
- Mt s nh ngha, quy nh trong quy trnh
Trang
4
6
Phn th nht
Nguyn tc chung
Nhng iu qui nh
cho tt c nhng ngi lm cng tc v in
- I. Phm vi p dng qui trnh
- II. Nhng iu kin c cng tc trong ngnh in
- III. X l khi vi phm qui trnh
- IV. Ch phiu thao tc v cch thi hnh
- V. Nhng bin php m bo an ton khi tin hnh
cng vic
- V-1. Bin php k thut m bo an ton khi
lm vic
- V-1-1. Ct in
- V-1-2. Treo bin bo v t ro chn
- V-1-3. Kim tra khng cn in
Trang 110
8
9
9
10
11
11
12
13
13
- V-1-4. t tip t
- V-2. Bin php t chc m bo an ton khi lm vic
- V-2-1. Ngi chu trch nhim v an ton
- V-2-2. Th tc thi hnh phiu cng tc
- V-2-3. Th tc Cho php n v cng tc vo lm vic
- V-2-4. Gim st trong khi lm vic
- V-2-5. Th tc ngh gii lao
- V-2-6. Th tc ngh ht ngy lm vic v bt u ngy
tip theo
- V-2-7. Di chuyn ni lm vic
- V-2-8. Kt thc cng vic, kho phiu trao tr ni lm
vic v ng in
- VI. Nhng bin php an ton khi lm vic trn cao
- VI-1. Bin php t chc
- VI-2. Bin php k thut
- VI-3. Nhng bin php an ton khi s dng thang
di ng
- VI-4. Nhng bin php an ton khi s dng dy eo
an ton
Phn th hai
Nhng bin php an ton
khi lm cng tc qun l, vn hnh, sa cha
ng dy cao, h p v trm bin p
Chng mt
Bin php an ton khi cng tc cc trm bin p
- I. Nhng qui nh ti thiu cn phi nh
- II. Kim tra vn hnh thit b
- III. iu khin cu dao
- IV. S dng km o cng
Chng hai
Bin php an ton khi tip xc vi thit b in
- I. Phn loi cng tc thit b in
- II. Cng tc vi thit b in cao p khng ct in
- III. Cng vic lm cho php khng tip t
- IV. Cng vic lm trn cc cu dao cch ly, my ngt c b
iu khin t xa
- V. Lm vic vi c qui v thit b np in
- VI. Lm vic vi t in v bo v t in
Chng ba
Trang 111
14
15
16
17
18
18
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
22
23
24
25
25
26
26
27
27
28
29
30
- II-4. Lp rp ct
- II-5. Dng ct
- II-6. Lp t dy dn ch giao cho vi ng dy
cao p ang c in
Chng ba
Lp t dy dn v dy chng st trong vng
nh hng ca ng dy cao p ang vn hnh
inp 22 Kv 500 Kv v l mch th 2 ca
ng dy dn in 2 mch ang c in 1 mch
- I. Qui nh chung
- II. Lp t dy dn ng dy 2 mch khi mt mch
ang mang in
- III. Lp t dy dn ng dy nm trong vng nh
hng ca ng dy cao p ang vn hnh
- IV. Lp t dy chng st ng dy ang c in
- V. Lp t dy chng st ng dy nm trong
vng nh hng ca cc ng dy cao p ang vn hnh
- Ph bn -Xc nh h s h cm M
Chng bn
Bin php an ton khi xy dng
ng dy in cao, h p trn khng
- I. Bin php an ton khi vn chuyn dng c, nguyn vt liu,
thit b
- II. Bin php an ton khi o mng chn ct
- III. Bin php an ton khi c mng ct st, ct b tng
- IV. Bin php an ton khi lp rp ct st v ct b tng
- V. Bin php an ton khi dng ct st, ct b tng v lp
x, s
- VI. Bin php an ton khi ri dy, ni dy, cng dy, ly vng
v lp cc ph kin khc
Chng nm
Nhng bin php an ton khi lm cng tc
mc dy, t in h p
- I. Nhng bin php an ton cho n v cng tc
- II. Nhng bin php k thut an ton
Chng su
Bin php an ton khi xy dng trm
bin p trong nh v ngoi tri
Trang 113
41
41
42
43
45
47
47
48
49
50
51
52
52
53
56
59
60
61
Phn th t
nhng Bin php an ton cho cng tc
th nghim v o m
Chng mt
Nhng Bin php an ton khi th nghim
thit b in cao p
Chng hai
I. nhng Bin php an ton khi tho lp
ng h, r le v thit b thng tin
II. nhng Bin php an ton
khi ghi ch cng t in
Phn ph lc
- Ph lc 1: Cp cu ngi b in git
- Ph lc 2: Th tc tin hnh cng vic trn thit b in
do cc n v ni khc c n lm
- Ph lc 3: Mu phiu thao tc
Mu phiu cng tc
- Ph lc 4: Tiu chun cp bc k thut an ton
- Ph lc 5: Tiu chun k thut ca mt s dng c an ton
v dng c lm vic mang in p
- Ph lc 6: Tiu chun v thi hn th nghim cc
my mc v dng c cu ko
- Ph lc 7: Bin bo an ton v in (TCVN 2572-78)
- Ph lc 8: Thi gian cho php lm vic trong mt ngy
m ph thuc vo cng in trng
- Ph lc 9: in tr ni t ca ng dy, ng cp,
ng ng v cc kt cu kim loi phng trnh nguy
him do cm ng tnh in
- Ph lc 10: in tr ni t mt cc
Trang 114
63
65
65
67
70
71
77
87
91
100
102
108
109
109