Architectural Design - For Board Exam

6/4/2011
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May 11, '08 4:01 AM

for everyone
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Instructor: Architect Abelardo Firmeza
arkireviewph
COURSE OUTLINE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Introduction
Architectural Design Theory
Esquisse
Building Economics
Building Utilities
Approaches and Strategies
Simulated Board Exam
Photos of arki
Personal Message
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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
- it is the translation of an abstract solution to a real, tangible and concrete solution
- it is the optimum and better solution which must approximate the pre-set solution of the
examiner
- it must involve the judicious use of design tools in developing the solution within:
a. parameters / constraints
b. circumstances
c. environmental conditions
: must be conserve
: must be protected
: must be included in the design solution
- set by the examiner. The solution must be: SAFE
Simple provide what is needed or simply follow instruction

Appropriate must fit on concept
Functional look-out for specific use of the building
multiply.com//Architectural_Design
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Economical
FORMAT OF DESIGN EXAM

1.
2.
3.
4.
20x30 tracing paper provided by PRC

Black ink final drawings is in black ink
Pencil for enhancing and construction line (staedler pencils)
College major plate type drawings
- schematic
- no dimensions
- no call-outs such as specifications
- fully rendered in the used pencil shadows but not colored
- material must be drawn in full
- no columns unless it is part of design
- furniture layouts dePending on layout and instructions
- entourage and landscape are allowed but not colored
RULES
1. Individual drawing implements and drawing boards
- triangles
- compass
- pencils
- magic, masking, scotch tapes
- rubber band
- drawing board with straight edge
- erasing shield
- scissors
- protractors
- french curve
- 2 sets of sign pens varying in points
- circular template
- optional coloring materials
- cutters
- ballpens
- erasers (different types)
- liquid paper
- scale
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- watch
2. PRC will provide tracing paper with official seal

3. Drawing Grids
- preset grids, but to be shown to the proctor

4. Not allowed!
- no color
- no people or human figures
- no vehicles even triangle representation on plans
- no electronic equipment
- no scientific or programmable calculators, only simple scientific calculator is allowed
- no references
TOOLS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Drawing implements
Codes Building Codes
Building Standards
Vocabulary
ARCHITECTURAL CONVENTION
1. Lettering
-simple gothic, upright and all caps

-text : 4mm in height
-title : 8-10mm
-sub-titles : 6-8mm
2. Lines
-construction lines or guide lines

-final lines
-dimension lines
-masculine/feminine lines
3. Each drawing must have title and scale and north orientation
-orientation must always upward! on site development plan

-on plans refer to main entrance of structures
Notes:
Acconometric Drawing
- another type of aerial perspective
Berthing
- term for parking at water
FORMAT OF THE QUESTIONAIRE
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1. Title
2. Background or description of the problem
3. Requirements
a. Plate requirements specify needed rooms or spaces
b. Drawing requirements specify scale, needed drawings, etc
Notes:
Marina
- luxurious facilities for water vessels
- yatch
- fine dining : luxurious eating place
Condominium
- high-rise residential buildings
- luxurious
- with elevators to make it more luxurious than townhouse
- can be bought but original lot remains to the owner
Townhouse
- can be bought
- horizontal residential structures
- can be leased (long term)
Apartment
- not more than 10 units
- rented (short term payment)
- usually two storey and for rent
Rowhouse
- can accommodate a full length of block
Tenements
- an apartment that is not more than 4 storeys
Apartelle
- fully furnish with equipments (such as food, beds) while apartment will be provided by the
tenants
Condotelle
- rented by other person to the owner of the room wherein the owner of the room rented it
to the owner of building
Hotel
- rented area provided with room and comfort room and other facilities will be common
areas
Motel
- rented area with room, comfort room and garage (motorist hotel)
Garage
- enclosed with walls, roof and door and facilities for repairs
Carport
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- with roof and columns
Parking Slot
- compose of lines and has no enclosure at all
EXAMPLES OF TITLES ANALYSIS

The OASIS a resort
- a mirage : an illusion of water in the desert

- located in the desert; a body of water located in the desert
- leisure activities
- having a main focus of water element it can be water fountain
The HAMLET a townhouse
- hamlet : a small French village

- having no huge elements such as columns
- compose of common center area such as plaza
The TIANGGE a flea market
- flea : surot
- baratillo
- huge number of stalls that is detachable
Notes:
Assume 1-1/2 hours to finish every sheet

Consider facing
a. reading and understanding (3 hours)

b. preliminary drawings (2hours)
c. final drawings
THINGS TO BE AWARE OF WHEN DESIGNING

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
vocabulary
building code
presentation
requirements
common sense
Notes:
Stairs cutting line

-7th and 8th steps
THINGS TO DO IN PREPARATION FOR DESIGN EXAM

1. practice drafting technique
2. multiple deadline time management
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3. composition
- sheets must be clean

- clear, use acceptable architectural symbols and architectural conventions
- respect margins
PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION
Dimension
Equilibrium
Contrast
Variety
Proportion
Measurements
Scale
Fixed Proportions
Balance
Gravitation
a. Formal balance
b. Informal balance
Physical
Manifestation
Rhythm
Movement
Unity
Order / Harmony
Character
Expression
CONTRAST OF LINES
Masculine Lines bold, dark, straight, strong lines
Feminine Lines soft, fragile, thin, curve lines
1. Residential
2. Institutional
a. government buildings
b. health care
3. Industrial
4. Commercial
5. Recreational
a. active
b. passive
6. Religious
7. Education
: feminine; informal
: masculine; formal
: masculine; formal
: masculine; formal
: feminine; informal
: masculine; formal
: feminine: informal
: masculine; formal
: masculine; formal
UNITY
- creating unified site development plan
1. Central Theme
- creating a motif
2. Major component of buildings must dominate
- exceptional size
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- strategic location
- unique shape
3. compact and coherent unit
- orientation marker, ex. sculpture

- inward orientation
4. Harmony in materials, styles, design, etc.
CHARACTER
- manifested external expression of internal qualities
a. function use of the building

b. association influence of traditional types
c. personality character of occupants or human quality
ANALYZING THE DESIGN PROBLEM
read understand
a. title
b. description or background
c. requirements
plate
drawing
familiarize with the site

a. simply given
b. derivation / computation
-
closing the traverse (protractor and calculator)
- textual
determine the area of the lot

a. formula
- regular shapes
- irregular shapes
b. dot-grid method
- approximate area all dots included in the site will be multiplied to the reference area of the square
c. planimeter
- use in computing the lot
d. road runner
- used in computing the length of the road
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determine the buildable area (BA)
buildable area = lot area open space

70%
30%
open spaces
1. set backs type of lots
page 231
2. private yards (front, side, rear)
page 227
3. road abutments
page 228
4. height of buildings
page 234
5. private open space
page 226
6. natural open spaces

a. rivers
5.00m
b. creek
3.00m
c. sea/beach front
50.00m
d. pasig river
10.00m
determine the floor area (FA)
FA = BA x No. of storeys
saleable area (SA)
SA = FA - common area (35%)
plate requirements / components
code requirements
- BP 344 (accessibility law)
a. site development
- parking allocation (for disabled
- curb-cut-outs
- ramps (1:12)
b. structure
- comfort room
- corridor (1.50 meters)
- stairs
- fire exits
- ventilation
heights
a. naturally ventilated
b. artificially ventilated
- 1 storey
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- 2 to 4 storeys
- 5 to infinity storeys (high-rise)
structure
a. superstructure
b. substructure
- in every five floors correspond to one basement
COST ESTIMATE BULDING ECONOMICS

levels
S budgetary estimate
(floor area x cost parameter)
D detailed estimate
(floor area: specific x cost parameter)
C bill of materials
(materials x cost)
C bid estimate
(bill of materials x margin of profit)
cost parameter/ sqm
1 storey: low cost
P1.00 P5,000.00
2-4 storeys: mid cost
P5,001.00 P12,000.00
5-infinity: high-rise
P12,001.00 infinity
basement (1.2%) = next level

components of the estimate
a. land development cost 25% (P500/sqm)
1. earth development
2. roads and access ways
3. utilities (civil works)
4. landscaping
5. furnishings
b. structure 75%
1. structural
25% of the cost
2. utilities
15-30% of the cost
3. architectural
45-60% of the cost
BILL OF MATERIALS
1. materials
2. labor
35-40% of x
direct cost = A
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3. equipment
4. margin of profit
20% of A
30% of A
5. overhead
15% of A
(ballpen, bond papers, gas, secretary, etc.)

6. contingency
10-15% of A
(allowance, wastage) : paid by contractor

7. bonds and insurances
10-30% of A
8. miscellaneous
15-20% of A
construction cost + AE = project cost
UTILITIES
1. water supply
2. waste water
3. sewage
4. electricity
5. lighting
6. mechanical
7. intelligent system
locations of utilities is outside.
a. utility company
b. users
c. intermediary treatment
horizontal
Note:
Utilities
step-down transformer : 220V to 110V
step-up transformer : 110V to 220V
water tanks
RESIDENTIALS
- (informal) feminine
1. multi-storey : 4 storey and below
2. multi-family
3. utilities are shared or common areas
4. orientation:
work west
rest east
5. clusters
45 meters: maximum length of corridor
GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS
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- basically linear and rectangular in plan
1. formal (masculine)
2. multi-storey
3. linear development
4. flag pole / assembly area
HOSPITAL
1. users
a. patients
b. medical practioner
c. visitors
2. activities
3. high rise
4. separate out-patient
5. philippine heart center, example
RECREATIONAL
gyms
1. users
a. players
playcourts
b. officials
rooms
c. spectators
bleachers
2. playcourts
3. unobstructed view
- less column with the gym
track oval
1. track and field
2. track and soccer
swimming pool and diving pool
bowling
- usually synthetic wood was used nowadays
golf
1. 18 holes done by landscape architect
2. clubhouse usually two storeys and placed on the middle
a. first floor
- dirty area
- caddy
- clean-up
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b. second floor
- function room
- fine dining
- boutiques
- pro-shop
resort
1. feature
2. amenities
3. operation system
COMMERCIAL
1. one-stop-shop
- all ages accommodated
2. flagship store
- usually department store
- concessions : barbershop, boutiques, etc
3. magnet nodes
4. parking
5. theme activities
ECUMENICAL
1. all religion
- no symbols of particular religion
2. celebrants place (altar)
- congregation
EDUCATION
1. classroom
2. 1 teacher = 40-50 students
(1 sqm/person + circulation)
3. standard module 7m x 9m
4. flagpole / quadrangle
5. laboratories / libraries / admin / pe
6. parking
7. canteen
TERMINALS
international
domestic
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Sea
Ok : cargo
Ok
Land
Ok
Ok
Ok
Air
domestic
a. lounge, passenger
b. offices
c. reception
d. hygiene facilities
international
a. lounge, passenger
b. offices
c. reception
d. hygiene facilities
e. customs
f. immigration
separate people and good
separate in and out
EXAMPLE DESIGN PROBLEM

- government building
-formal / male
-rectangular / linear (45 meter)
-multi-storey
-flagpole / assembly
3 branches of government
-executive
: major
-legislative
: vice major
-judiciary
: judge
north (type of government)

1. ilocos
: bahay na bato
2. mountain province
3. batanes
: ifugao house
: ibatan house
Tags: design
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