AREA UNDER CURVE

PAGE # 1

AREA UNDER CURVE

1.

Area bounded b/w graph of function y = f(x) & x-axis b/w the ordinates x = a & x = b is given as
b

| y |dx =

| f x |dx .
a

If the graph always lies above x-axis then req. area is

f x dx .
a

2.

Similarly area bounded by y-axis and the curve x = g(y) b/w y = a & y = b
b

| x |dy = | g y |dy .

R.A. =

NOTE :

For integration on x-axis, evaluate

| y |dx & substitute y in terms of x from the equationof the curve

Sly for integration on y-axis, evaluate

Q.1

| x |dy & substitute x in terms of y..

Find the area bounded b/w x-axis &

y = x 2 x x 2
2

| y |dx

R.A. =

2
2

|x

4x |dx

3
= 2 4x x

graph is below x-axis so area is ve

4x 2 x 4
= 2 2 4
0

4 4 24
= 2 2 4 = 8.

Q.2

Find the area bounded b/w coordinate axes & the curve y = cos1 x
1

R.A. =

y dx =

cos
0

x dx

AREA UNDER CURVE

PAGE # 2

/2

or R.A. =

x dy

/2

cos y dy = 1.

Q.3

Find the area b/w the curve y = x 2 5x 6 & x-axis b/w x = 0 & x = 5
5

| y |dx

R.A. =

y dx y dx + y dx

x2 5x 6 dx

x2 5x 6 dx +

5x 6 dx

area b/w 0 to 2 & 3 to 5 is equal.

Q.4

Find the area bounded by b/w y-axis & the curve y 2 4 x

2

| x |dy

R.A. :

x dy =

4 y dy
2

2
4

or R.A. = 2

4 x dx .

Q.5

Find the area b/w x-axis & the curve x 10 y 8 42 b/w x = 7 and x = 9

x 102 y 82 16
y 8 16 x 10

R.A. =

y dx
7

8
7

2
16 x 10 dx .

AREA UNDER CURVE

3(a).

PAGE # 3

The area b/w two curves y = f(x) & y = g(x) b/w the limits x = a & x = b can be given as
b

R.A. =

Upper curve Lower curve dx

...(i)

| y

y 2 |dx

| f x g x |dx
a

This (i) is always true irrespective of relative location of the curves w.r.t. x-axis.
(b) Sly the area bounded b/w two curves x = f(y) & x = g(y) b/w y = a & y = b can be given as
b

Right curve left curve dy

a

| x

x 2 | dy

| g y f y |dy .
a

Q.1

Find the area bounded b/w y = sin x & y = cos x b/w x = 0 & x =
/4

R.A. =

cos x sin x dx

Q.2

sin x cos x dx

/4

Find the area bounded b/w y = 4x & y = x 2 4

METHOD-1 : For &

x 2 4 4x
x 2 4x 4 0
x=

4 16 16
2

x=2 2 2
= 22 2
=2+2 2

R.A. =

UC LG dx = y

y 2 dx =

METHOD-2 : y = x 2 4
x=

y4

x = y4

4x x

4 dx

AREA UNDER CURVE

PAGE # 4

R.A. =

4 y 4 y dy +

y
4 y dy .
4

Q.4

Area bounded by more than 2 curves will be the area for which all the curves will form its boundary

NOTE :

In the absence of close bounded area the unbounded area can be given if exist.
The contribution of a curve in the closed area may be of one point only in the absence of any other properly
bounded area.

Q.1

5
Find area bounded b/w y = x 2 4x 3 , x-axis, y-axis & the tangent to curve at point x =
?
2

y = x 2 4x 3
x = 5/2
y=

T=

3
2

y
2

3
5
5

2 = x 2 x + 3
2

3
x 10 6
2

y = x

5
2

5/2

x axis tangent

parabola tangent

R.A. =

Q.2

0 x 2 dx +

5/2

4x 3 x dx .

Find the area enclosed b/w y = |x 2 1| & y = 10 |x|

R.A. = 2

10 x 1 x2 dx + 2

For solve
y x2 1
+ve will be
& y 10 x

10 x x
1

1 dx

AREA UNDER CURVE

Q.3

PAGE # 5

Find the area enclosed by y = sin1 x , y = cos1 x & (a) x-axis (b) y-axis

1/ 2

(i)

sin x dx +

cos 1 x dx

1/ 2

/4

or

cos y sin y dy
0

1/ 2

cos

(ii) R.A. =

x sin1 x dx

/4

or

/2

sin y dy

Q.4

cos y dy .

/4

Find the area, inclosed b/w

(i) y = tan1 x , y = cot 1 x & y-axis ?
(ii) x 2y y2 & y-axis
(iii) y sin1 x , x = 1/2, x = 1/ 2 & x-axis
1

(i) R.A. =

cos

x tan1 x dx

/4

or R.A. =

/2

tan y dy
0

(ii) x = 2y y 2
x = y 2 y
2

R.A. =

2y y dy
2

cot y dy .

/4

AREA UNDER CURVE

PAGE # 6

or

1 x 1 1 x dx

(iii)

AREA OF REGION :
Equality represents the curve & inequality represents the region :

NOTE :

In case of defined region try to identify the correspoinding curve

PA > PB
'r bisector
PL1 > PL2
Angular bisector
PA > r
circle
PA > PL
parabola
2 PA > PL
Ellipse

Q.1

If a pt. p satisfies |x| + |y| a & x 2 y 2 a2 then find the area

of region in which it can move
2 1 2
4
Area = 4 2 a = a2 2a2

Q.2

|x + y| 1, |y x| 1 & 4x 2 4y2 1
1 x y 1 , 1 x y 1
R.A. 4

1
1

= 2 .
2
4
4

Q.3

y x & x 2 y2 2

Q.4

x 2 y2 4
x 2 y 2 2 | x | 2 | y | 0 .

Q.5

max. | x |, | y | 2
& |y|

Q.6

1
e |x| .
2

x 2 y 2 6x 4y 12 0
& y x & x 5/2.

**
*
*
*a
O
**
**
*
* *
*
**

1
**
* * ****
*
*
*
**
**
***
*** 1
**
**
*** * *
*

AREA UNDER CURVE

Q.3

PAGE # 7

y2 x
** *
****
*

x 2 y2 2

x2 x 2 0

x 2 x 1 0
1

R.A. =

2 x 2 x dx .

Q.4

A1

1
22 2
2

A1 A 2

1
4
4

A 2 A3

1
2
2

2 ** ***
**A3
A2 ****
***
**
A1
2

RA
A 3 A 2 A 3 A1 A 2 A 1
4
RA
2 R.A. = 8.
4

Q.5

|x| 2 & |y| 2

|y| +

1
e|x|
2

In 1st quad. this inequality becomes. y

consider the function y +

1
e x
2

1
= e x
2

n 2

A1

0
e
n 2 n 2
x 1
x
1 n2
x

= 1 e
=
=
e 2 dx = e
2
2 n2

2
2
2

R.A. = 4 4 n e / 2 .
5/2

Q.6

5/2

x circle dx =

x 2
2

3
1 x 3 dx

AREA UNDER CURVE

Q.7

PAGE # 8

In a ABC vertex A is origin, B is (8, 0) & C is 4, 4 / 3 . Now a pt. P moves inside the D such that it is always
closer to AB then to AC or BC, then find area of region in which P can move

DPAB DPAC
P
& DPAB DBC

R.A. = 2 2 4 4 tan15

= 16 tan 15
= 16(2
Q.8

3 ).

Let a square have vertices ( 1, 1 ) & a point P moves wsithin noves within this eq. Such that it is always closer
to origin than any one of the edges, then find the area of region in which it can move
OP < PL1
& OP < PL2
& OP < PL3
& OP < PL4

y 2 4ax
y 2 4

1
1
x
2
2

= 1 2x.
OP < PL1

x2 y2

| x 1|
1

Since the equations are symmetrix

y 2 1 2x
x 2 1 2y
For A1

x 2 1 2x
x 2 2x 1 0
x = 1 2
A1 :

2 1, 2 1

AREA UNDER CURVE

A2

PAGE # 9

2 1

1/ 2

A2

1 2x dx

2 1

R.A. = 8 A 1 A 2 .

AREA OF INVERSE FUNCTION :

1.

To find area bounded by y = f 1 x , we can equivalently find area bounded by y = f(x) & in all rest of the terms
interchange x & y.

Q.1

Let f(x) = x3 4x then find the area bounded by y = f 1 x & x-axis b/w limits x = 5 & x = 16
To find the req. area we can equivalently find area bounded by y = f(x), y-axis b/w y = 5 & y = 16.
x 3 4x 16
x=2
x3 4x 5
x = 1
0

A1

4x dx

x4
2
= 4 2x

=
0

1
9
2
4
4

A2

4x dx

x4
= 4 2x = 12

R.A. = 16 2 12 1 5

Q.2

9
.
4

Find the area bounded b/w y 2 4a x a & x 2 4a y a in the 1st quad.

For A & B
solve y = x
x 2 4a y a
x 2 4a x a

x 2 4ax 4a2 0

AREA UNDER CURVE

x=

PAGE # 10

4a 16a2 16a2
= 2a 2a 2
2

= 2a 1 2

2a 1 2

x A 2a 1 2
xB

1
2
2a 1 2
R.A. = 2

2a 1 2

2a

x2

4a a dx

xB

NOTE :

x2

2
x

dx .
total bounded are =
4a

P.T.R.
1.

Area of ellipse = ab

2.

In case of rectangle, triangle, trapazium, rhombus, //gm & circle, try to find area using geometry.

3.

Look at symmetry in Ques.

4.

If interchanging x & y in one of the equ.s gives the equ. of other then pt. of intersection can be found by
solving with x = y.

AREA USING CURVE SKETCHING :

1.

To find the area only rough sketch of the curve is req.

2.

If area is enclosed by a curve then it should be a closed curve.

Q.3

Find the area of the region bounded by

2
2
3
(i) y 2 4ax 0 & y 4a x 8a 0

(ii) y = ex nx and y =

n x
ex

1
(iii) x-axis, y = n(x + e), x = n
y

(i) y 2 4ax

8a3
y2 4a2

Interchanging x & y for convenience

x 2 = 4ay
y

8a3
2

x 4a2

a>0

AREA UNDER CURVE

PAGE # 11

For A
x2
8a3
2
4a x 4a2

x 4 4a2 x 2 32a 4 0
x2

4a2 16a 4 4 32a 4

2

x2

4a2 12a2
2

x 2 4a2
x = 2a.
2a
x2 8a3
2

dx
R.A. =
4a x2 4a2
0

(iii) R.A. =

n x e dx +

e 1

dx

(ii) y = ex n x

and y =

D R
Root 1
y > 0 (1, )
< 0 (0, 1)
x 0 y 0
x , y

n x
ex

D R+
Root 1
y>0 x>1
y < 0 x (0, 1)
x 0 y
x y 0

pt. of intersection other than x = 1 is given by

nx
ex

ex n x =
x2

x=

e2
1

R.A. =

1/ e

nx

ex n x dx

ex

1/ e

1
= e

1
e

n x
dx e
x

x n x dx .

1/ e

AREA UNDER CURVE

Q.2

PAGE # 12

P.T. the areas S0 , S1, S2 .... bounded by x-axis & half waves of the curve y = ex sin x x 0 forms a G.P.,
.,
& then its common ratio ?
k 1

ex sin x dx

Sk

II

k 1
k 1

sin x
=
+
ex cos x dx
k

k
x

k 1
k 1
Sk

cos x
k

Sk

2 2

cos x

ex sin x dx

k 1

Sk 1

Sk = e .

Q.3

If |x| + |y| = a. Divide the area bounded by

Then find the ratio of parts
|x| |y| a
x y a
y a x

1
y

y'

y =

1
x

y
x

y 0

y 0

x 0

A1 A 2 A 3
A1 A 2

1 2
a
2

a2 = a2
4
4

| x | | y | a & x 2 y 2 a2

AREA UNDER CURVE

PAGE # 13

2 1 2
a a
4
2

A3

A1

a x

dx .

Q.4

(i) Find area enclosed by y 2 a x x 2 a x . (ii) Find area enclosed by above curve & line x = a, a > 0.
a x
y 2 x2
a x

x [ a, a)
The curve is symmetric about x-axis
a x
ax

y x
0

ax
(i) 2 x a x dx

a
a

a x
(ii) 2 x a x dx .

Q.5

Find the area of region bounded on 1st quad. bounded by the left on y-axis below by the line y =

left by curve y = 1 +

y=

x on above right y =

x
on above
4

2
x

x>0

x 0

y .

DETERMINANTION OF PARAMETERS :

NOTE:

While writing the area in terms of parameters we should ensure that the expression retained for area should be
+ve & no area is getting cancelled in between.

Q.1

Find the value of for which the area bounded by (i) y =

(ii) y =

4
1
1
,y=
, x = 2, x = is n
5
x
2x 1

(i) C - I : > 4
9

2/

2 dx
x

4
x2

, x = 1, y = is 9/4

AREA UNDER CURVE

PAGE # 14

9
4
x
4
x 2 /

9
2 4
4

4
2
9
44
4
4

7
0
4

43
7 1
4 16 7
=
= ,
2
2 2
2

49 1
,
4
4

49
4

( 4 )

9
Case - II : 4

2/

49 1
,
4 4

1
4

Final Ans. :

2 dx
x

( 4 )
1 49
,
4 4

(ii)
Case - I : > 2

4
1
1
n

dx
x 2x 1
5
2

4
1

n
n x n 2x 1

2
5
2

4
1
1
n
n n 2 1 n 2 n 3

2
2
5

2
4
2 n
2 n 2 n 3 n

5
2 1
2
1
16
n
4 n

5
3
2 1

AREA UNDER CURVE

PAGE # 15

2
64

2 1 15
15 2 128 64 0
Case - II : < 2
2

x 2x 1 dx
1

n x

n 2x 1
2
1

= n 2

1
1
n 3 n 1 n 1
2
2

1
2
n
= n2 n
.

3
3

MAXIMA & MINIMA IN AREA :

Q.1

If f is a monotonic function in (a, b) then the area bounded by y = f(x) & y = f(k) k (a, b) b/w the ordinates x
= a & x = b will be min. if k =
k

A(k) =

ab
2

f k f x dx +

f x f k dx
k

= f k k a f k b k f x dx

f x dx
a

for max/min
A(k) = 0

A ' k f ' k 2k a b 2f k f k f k

A ' k 0 2k = a + b k =

ab
2

Also A(k) changes sign from ve to +ve Minima.

Q.2

If the area bounded by

f x

x3
x2 a & x-axis
3

b/w x = 0, x = 2 is min-then find the value of a

g(x) =

x3
x2
3
x2
x 3
3

A ' k f ' k 2k a b

AREA UNDER CURVE

PAGE # 16

g(x) = x 2 2x = x(x 2).

As the curve is monotonic b/w 0 & 2. Hence for area to be least x-axis should pass through mid pt. of interval
(0, 2) i.e. x = 1 i.e. through pt. A for which graph should be shifted with 2/3 units.
Q.3

Find the value of k if the area bounded by y = x 2 3 & y = kx + 2 is least ?

For A & B
kx + 2 = x 2 3
x 2 kx 5 0
x=

k k 2 20
2
xB

A(k) =

kx 2 x

3 dx

xA
xB

kx x

5 dx

xA

A(k) =

A(k) =

k xB2 x2A
2

xB

+ 5 x dx
2

xA

xB2 x2A
2
2
k xB x 'B x A x 'A + x 'B 5 xB x 'A 5 x A
2

xB2 x 2A
2
2
x 'B kxB 5 xB x 'A kx A 5 x A
A(k) =
2

For max. or min.

A(k) = xB x A xB x A 0
x A xB 0
k = 0.

DETERMINATION OF FUNCTION :

1.

Let c1 and c2 be the graphs of y = x 2 & y = 2x resp. where x [0, 1] & c3 be graph of funct. y = f(x) where f(0)
= 0 & x lies b/w 0 & 1 as shown. For a point p and c 1 drawn lines parallel to axis intersect c 2 & c3 in Q & R resp.
for each position of p. Now ar(OPQ) = ar(OPR) then find f(x).

Ar OPQ Ar OPR
2

y 2 dy =

f x dx

2
2
2
f
2

AREA UNDER CURVE

PAGE # 17

f 2 3 2 2 3 2
f x x3 x2 .

Q.2

Let y = f(x) be a continuous integrable functions & if the area (OPA) = ar(OPB) [see adj. fig.] then find y = f(x)
2

yf

y dy

2 x2
x 2 dx

2
2 f 1 2

f 1 2

3
f 2
4

f x

Q.3

16 2
x .
9

Let the area bounded by x-axis, y = f(x) b/w x = a & x = b is

b2 a2 , b a then find f(x), given it is

non ve.
b
2

b a | f x |dx f x dx

b
2

b a2

f x is non-negative hence |f(x)| = f(x)

f b
x

f(x) =

Q.4

x a2

For any real t x =

e t e t
et et
& y =
is a pt. on x 2 y2 1 . Show that the area bounded by this
2
2

hyperbola & the lines joining its centre to the points corresponding to t 1 & t 1 is t 1.
xA

A1

y dx
1

x=

et t t
2

et e t
dt
dx =
2

t1

et e t
A1
dt
2

AREA UNDER CURVE

1
= 4

PAGE # 18

t1

2t

e2t 2 dt

1
1 e2t e2t
2t
= 4
2

1 e2t1 e2t1
2t1
= 4
2

1 e t1 e t1 e t1 e t1

A 2 Ar OAM = 2
2
2

=
A 2 A1

1 2t1
e e2t1
2

t1
2

R.A. = 2 A 2 A1 t1 .
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