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Troy Kitchen
Trotter
British Literature P. 2
15 November 2016

Annotated Bibliography
The Trials Foundation"Lake Fire Information on Trails." TrailsFoundation.org. Big Bear Valley Trails
Foundation, June-July 2015. Web. 15 Nov. 2016.
< http://trailsfoundation.org/lake-fire-information-on-trails/ >.

In this article, The Big Bear Valley Trails Foundation discuss the effects of fire and
storms on man made trails in San Bernardino National Forest. During wildfires, trails are
threatened by excessive erosion of the trail tread caused by runoff and the diversion and
interception of it from steep burn hill slopes. Areas where trails intersect with drainages are
susceptible to damage in the event of a storm. The article describes the threats and current
problems with the trail system in San Bernardino National Forest. It describes what is needed to
ensure safety on the trails and how someone would go about volunteering or setting up an event
to invite people to help achieve the goal for the trail. The article is valuable to me because it
informs me on many of the problems and invites me to figure out my own solution or work with
the Big Bear Valley Trails Foundation to aid in storm and fire proofing their trails.

Recreational Trails Program "Trail Construction and Maintenance Notebook." Trail Construction
and Maintenance Notebook. Ed. Recreational Trails Program. U.S. Department of
Transportation, 4 Apr. 2014. Web. 15 Nov. 2016.

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<https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/recreational_trails/publications/fs_publications/00232
839/page03.cfm >.

This article created by the Recreational Trails Program describes the process of creating
safe and useful trails for public use. The author provides images and figures of the methods
described being used and describes the methods effectiveness. The author uses previous
experiences and is deemed credible through the support of the U.S. Nation Forest Service and the
Forest Service Technology and Development Program. It discusses the proper equipment needed
to safely perform trail maintenance and the places to look for and identify possible hazards.
Certain methods have been tried and tested and the article explains which are the safest and best
for the trail in great detail. This article is relevant to my research project becauses it shows me
what to look for while maintenancing trails. It allows me to effectively identify and solve
problems with the trail and the trails construction.
USDA Forest Service. "Lake Fire June/July 2015." Trailsfoundation.org. U.S. Forest Service,
15 July 2015. Web. 15 Nov. 2016. <http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/photos/CABDF/2015-07-012239-Lake-PostFire-BAER/related_files/pict20150616-133921-0.pdf+ >

The U.S. Forest service gives its post fire report on a wildfire in the summer of 2015 and
describe the cautions and operations needed to restore the damaged land to its prior condition.
The author provides the test results of the land and the areas damaged with graphs tables and
maps. The report includes the reason portions of the land sustained the damage they did and the
procedures needed to begin repairing the damaged area. The report discusses jobs that must get
done to help the survivability of the wildlife affected. The Lake Fire in the summer of 2015
occured in San Bernardino National Forest so many of the causes and effects of this fire are still
present in the forest today. This provides me with possible volunteer work to help fireproof trails
as well as repair the damage done by the fire.

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Cvetkovich, George T., and Patricia L. Winter. "San Bernardino National Forest Visitor Guide."
(n.d.): n. pag. San Bernardino National Forest. San Bernardino National Forest, May 2013.
Web. 15 Nov. 2016.
<http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5399071.pdf>

In this article, the authors explain the correct ways to visit and do your part to help
maintain the current wildlife standard in San Bernardino National Forest. The author uses
evidence of the change in animal behavior when they come upon trash or are fed by the users of
the trail. Cvetkovich and Winter also include information given by the Big Bear DIscovery
Center to emphasize the importance of obeying all the rules on the trail. The article discusses the
effect of humans in a wildlife area and how to reduce the changes that can be caused by your
visit. It includes information about why certain rules are in place and the consequences for not
only you but for the animals you interact with, if these rules are broken. Learning proper trail and
wildlife edicate will allow me and the people who volunteer with me to more effectively help out
rather than cause damage. It also provides me information on some of the problem providing
more areas and jobs for volunteers to do.

American Forest Foundation. "Hiking." My Land Plan. USDA Forest Service, 08 Nov. 2016.
Web. 16 Nov. 2016. <https://mylandplan.org/content/hiking-0 >
In this article, the author talks about creating and maintaining your own trails and the
benefits of of well maintained safe trail. He cites methods from the American Hiking Society
(AHS), as well as helpful photos and detailed descriptions of helpful items to bring. It also
includes safety facts about looking for dangerous areas and animals, as well as poisonous plants.

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It includes methods to avoid and defend yourself against unpredictable actions of wild
animals.The article describes the things to look out for while you are designing a trail and how to
be prepared for anything when you are out there working. It includes the proper clothing you
should wear to protect yourself as well as the best methods to achieve certain goals. It includes
tips for family safety and all of the best ways to keep animals visiting your favorite spots to
often. This helps my project because I am able to understand the design of the trails and why
many of the rules are in place. It provides many more volunteer opportunities but most of all it
informs me on safety while volunteering in the forest.

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