muscularsystem2.

notebook

January23,2017
SmoothMuscles

MuscularSystem
Didyouknowyouhavemorethan600musclesinyourbody?
Theydoeverythingfrompumpingbloodthroughoutyourbody
tohelpingyouliftyourheavybackpack.Youcontrolsomeof
yourmuscles,whileotherslikeyourheartdotheirjobs
withoutyouthinkingaboutthematall.

Musclesareallmadeofthesamematerial,atypeofelastic
tissue
(sortoflikethematerialinarubberband).Thousands,oreven
tensofthousands,ofsmallfibersmakeupeachmuscle.
Youhavethreedifferenttypesofmusclesinyourbody: smooth
muscle,cardiac(say:kardeeak)muscle,and skeletal(say:
skeluhtul)muscle.

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CardiacMuscles
Themusclethatmakesuptheheartiscalledcardiac
muscle.Itisalsoknownasthe myocardium (say:myuh
kardeeum).Thethickmusclesoftheheartcontractto
pumpbloodoutandthenrelaxtoletbloodbackinafterit
hascirculatedthroughthebody.
Justlikesmoothmuscle,cardiacmuscleworksallbyitself
withnohelpfromyou.Aspecialgroupofcellswithinthe
heartareknownasthepacemakeroftheheartbecauseit
controlstheheartbeat

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MajorMuscles
hereareafewofthemajorones:
Ineachofyourshouldersisadeltoid (say:deltoyd)muscle.Your
deltoidmuscleshelpyoumoveyourshoulderseverywhichway.
Thepectoralis (say:pektuhrahlus)musclesarefoundoneach
sideofyourupperchest.Theseareusuallycalledpectorals(say:pek
tuhrulz),orpecs,forshort.Whenmanyboyshitpuberty,their
pectoralmusclesbecomelarger.
Belowthesepectorals,downunderyourribcage,areyourrectus
abdominus(say:rektusabdahmuhnus)muscles,orabdominals
(say:abdahmuhnulz).They'reoftencalledabsforshort.
biceps(say:
Whenyoumakeamuscleinyourarm,youtenseyour
byeseps)muscle.Whenyoucontractyourbicepsmuscle,youcan
actuallyseeitpushupunderyourskin.
Yourquadriceps(say:kwadruhseps),orquads,arethemuscleson
thefrontofyourthighs.Manypeoplewhorun,bike,orplaysports
develop,large,strongquads.
Andwhenit'stimeforyoutotakeaseat?You'llbesittingonyour
gluteusmaximus(say:gloot eeusmaksuhmus),themusclethat's
undertheskinandfatinyourbehind

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Smoothmusclessometimesalsocalledinvoluntarymuscles
areusuallyinsheets,orlayers,withonelayerofmuscle
behindtheother.Youcan'tcontrolthistypeofmuscle.Your
brainandbodytellthesemuscleswhattodowithoutyoueven
thinkingaboutit.Youcan'tuseyoursmoothmusclestomakea
muscleinyourarmorjumpintotheair.
Butsmoothmusclesareatworkalloveryourbody.Inyour
stomachanddigestivesystem,theycontract(tightenup)and
relaxtoallowfoodtomakeitsjourneythroughthebody.Your
smoothmusclescomeinhandyifyou'resick
andyouneedto
throwup.Themusclespushthefoodbackoutofthestomach
soitcomesupthroughtheesophagus(say:ihsahfuhgus)
andoutofthemouth.
Smoothmusclesarealsofoundinyourbladder.Whenthey're
relaxed,theyallowyoutoholdinurine(pee)untilyoucanget
tothebathroom.Thentheycontractsothatyoucanpushthe
urineout.Thesemusclesarealsoinawoman'suterus,which
iswhereababydevelops.Theretheyhelptopushthebaby
outofthemother'sbodywhenit'stimetobeborn.
You'llfindsmoothmusclesatworkbehindthescenesinyour
eyes,too.Thesemuscleskeeptheeyesfocused.

Skeletalmusclesarevoluntarymuscles,whichmeansyoucan
Jan211:34PM
controlwhattheydo.Yourlegwon'tbendtokickthesoccerball
unlessyouwantitto.Thesemuscleshelptomakeup
themusculoskeletal(say:muskyuhlowskeluhtul)systemthe
combinationofyourmusclesandyourskeleton,orbones.
Together,theskeletalmusclesworkwithyourbonestogiveyour
bodypowerandstrength.Inmostcases,askeletalmuscleis
SkeletalMuscles
joint
attachedtooneendofabone.Itstretchesallthewayacrossa
(theplacewheretwobonesmeet)andthenattachesagaintoanother
bone.
Skeletalmusclesareheldtotheboneswiththehelpoftendons
(say:tendunz).Tendonsarecordsmadeoftoughtissue,andthey
workasspecialconnectorpiecesbetweenboneandmuscle.The
tendonsareattachedsowellthatwhenyoucontractoneofyour
muscles,thetendonandbonemovealongwithit.
Skeletalmusclescomeinmanydifferentsizesandshapestoallow
themtodomanytypesofjobs.Someofyourbiggestandmost
powerfulmusclesareinyourback,nearyourspine.Thesemuscles
helpkeepyouuprightandstandingtall.

Jan107:53AM

WaystokeepyourMuscles
healthy
EatRight!
StayActive
Pushups,situps,and
chinupsalsohelpbuild
strongmuscles.Butsocan
plainoldrunning,jumping,
andclimbing

Feb28:58AM

muscularsystem2.notebook

January23,2017

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