Lighting

1 Objects of Lighting System General
1.1 Normal Lighting..2

1.2 Emergency Lighting...2
1.3 Sign Lighting.2
2 Design of Lighting system3
2.1 Design Parameters & procedure..3
2.2 Luminaries and Lamp selection10
2.3 Light Control switch & Boxes.12
3 Socket System..13
4 Wiring, cabling & Cable ways.14
5 Distribution Panels15
6 Grounding.18
7 Testing..19
8 Material Quantity.19
8.1 Quantity of Light Fitting20
8.2 Quantity of power Cables, Conduits &
Distribution panels.21
8.3 Quantity of Socket, Switch & switch Boxes23
8.4 Quantity of Cable tray & Cable Ladder24
I.
The object of Lighting & Socket design system
Lighting: The system is designed to give adequate illumination to

the required area, to ensure safety of persons, properties and live
stokes from damage, to avoid glaring and flicker effect. To give
1
GERD LIGHTING & SOCKET SYSTEM
continuity of the lighting effect in case of total power off action by

using emergency lighting system.
Planning and Design
The planning & design of Lighting and Socket Electrical installation takes
in to account:
- The type of supply required
- The load required for the power house
- Previously drafted preliminary drawing and technical specification
- To allow ease of modification and future expansion without
disturbing the existing system
- The degree of electrical and mechanical protection for dangerous,
dust and wet area.
- Emergency load operation in case of power off action.
- Safety of electrical operation by using grounding system the whole
power house area and using the right material type and quality.
LIGHTING SYSTEM GENERAL
The design considered lighting system as:
Normal Lighting
Emergency Lighting
Sign Lighting
1.1. Normal Lighting
- The design gives great emphasis on giving the switchyard the required
amount of illumination required to the area at all time for ease of
operation and movement.
- The lighting system should also consider the type of light fittings and
lamps required for perfect color match.
- This system gets power from 0.4 KV switchyard distribution board of
Normal Lighting.
1.2. Emergency Lighting
-
Emergency lighting shall be provided to maintain essential lighting in

the event of complete loss of AC supply.
This lighting shall at least 20% of the requested illumination level of
normal lighting
This system gets power from 0.4 KV distribution board of emergency
lighting
1.3. Exit & Entrance sign lighting

2
The system at Switchyard considers exit & Entrance sign

lighting at all entrance and exit.
- The design also include Sign lighting to shown direction of
circulation
2. Design of Lighting System
2.1. Design parameters & procedure
Design of lighting system for the switchyard of different parameters to
know the number & wattage of lamp required in the specific room.
The factors in the design process are:
- Illumination level
- Area
- Factors (Maintenance & Utilization factors)
- Efficiency and others
Considering these parameters the required number of luminaries can be
calculated for different area of power house.
Internal Lighting installation shall be done with insulated copper cable of
minimum 2.5sq.mm in rigid corrugated conduit of PVC of not less than
20mm diameter under plastered wall or slab and /or ceiling or suspended.
Junction boxes shall be used where necessary. Every circuit shall have its
own neutral & ground wire and the live wire shall be connected to the
switch. Switches for surface mounting in lighting circuit shall be rated for
10/16A, 220VAC and shall confirm to BS 3676.
The formula used to determine the number of luminaries at a specified
luminance is given here below. In some cases due to symmetry, uniformity &
aesthetic value consideration the number of luminaries calculated and those
shown on the light wiring diagrams may not be the same.
As mentioned earlier the main parameters in design of lighting system are:
- Luminance/ Illumination level
-Area
-Factors (Maintenance & Utilization factors)
-Efficiency and others
The total luminous flux to produce a specified luminance is calculated from:
3
tot
= (EmxA)/ ( UFxMF)
Total watt used (W) =
tot
N= Total watt used (W)/wattage of one laminar (W)

Where N = Required number of luminaries
Em = rated luminance (illumination level level in lux)
A = Area of the working plane (in m)
tot
= total luminous flux to be produce a specified luminaries (in lm)
= Luminous Efficacy (in lm/W)

UF= Utilization factor (due to Reflection of walls, ceiling and others)
MF=Maintenance factor (due to Dirty on Light fittings)
With this formula the total lamps & Wattage required for each room shall be
calculated and Light fittings will be arranged according to the geometry of
the room.
As per EBCS-10 and other international standards like IEE & IES some of the
general Illumination level for our design purpose of the GERD project is
outlined below on table.
No
Descriptions
E (Lux)
pump rooms
100
Corridors & lobby
100
4
Repair & Maintenance room
500
Turbine hall
500
Electrical & mechanical Control
300
room
6
Work shop & Laboratory
500
store
200
With these parameters & formula the calculation for different room
& story is as shown below.
cooling Water system room at level +492 (492.08)
Parameters A=787sq.mm, Em= 100 lux, =50 lm/w for Fluorescent lamp,
MF=0.80, UF=0.9 (Assume without knowledge of ceiling, wall color)
tot
= (EmxA)/ ( UFxMF)
Feeding all the data
tot=
109305.55 lm
tot
/ =109305.55 lm/ 50 lm/W
=2186.11W
Choosing 2x36W Fl.lamp
=2186.11W/72W
= 30.36
Based on this and geometry of the room I prefer to choose 27 fluorescent
Fittings with 2x36W Fl. lamp each as shown.
5
Machine Hall/Erecting bay at level +518 (518.03)
Parameters A=2506sq.mm, Em= 300 lux, =65 lm/w for Mercury halide lamp,
MF=0.80, UF=0.9 (Assume without knowledge of ceiling, wall color)
tot
= (EmxA)/ ( UFxMF)
Feeding all the data
tot=
1044166.66 lm
tot
/ =1044166.66 lm/ 65 lm/W
=16064.10W
Choosing 1x400W metal Halide lamp
=16064.1W/400W
= 40.16
Based on this I prefer to choose 39 Pendant High Bay Light fitting with
1x400W Metal Halide lamp each as shown.
The other illumination design calculation will be summarized in table format
as shown below.
GERD PROJECT
EARLY GENERATION
N
o
Room Description
LIGHTING DESIGN CALCULATION SHEET

Level
Roo
m
Code
Area
(A)
(mm
2)
Room
illuminat
ion
E (lux)
Total
Luminous
Flux
( tot in
lm)
Efficien
cy
( in
lm/W)
Total
watt
6
Wa
e
o
la
LEVEL +488
1
Auxiliary system room
488
Pump House
488
Pump House
488
488.0
1
488.0
3
488.0
4
676
100
93,888.89
50
1,877.7
8
116.1
100
16,125.00
50
322.50
60
100
8,333.33
50
166.67
LEVEL +492
4
Fire Fighting Pump station
492
Sewage pump station2
492
Cooling water system
492
492.0
3
492.0
4
492.0
8
241.7
100
33,569.44
50
671.39
50
100
6,944.44
50
787
100
109,305.56
50
138.89
2,186.1
1
LEVEL +500
7
Turbine Hall
500
Electric control room
500
Generator Ckt Breaker
500
10
Cable Half storeys
500
11
Gas insulated Ckt

Breaker repair
500
12
Cleaning special tool
500
13
storage battery room2
500
14
storage battery room1
500
15
Gas insulated balloons store
500
16
Cable corridor
500
17
Gas insulated Ckt Breaker

repair
500
18
Zeolite work
500
500.0
3
500.0
5
500.0
6
500.0
7
500.1
6
500.1
7
500.1
8
500.1
9
500.2
0
500.2
1
500.2
2
500.2
3
715.7
1672.
7
500
497,013.89
65
300
696,958.33
65
390.9
500
271,458.33
65
362.3
200
100,638.89
65
7,646.3
7
10,722.
44
4,176.2
8
1,548.2
9
152
500
105,555.56
65
1,623.9
3
74.3
500
51,597.22
65
793.80
89.5
300
37,291.67
50
745.83
98.9
300
41,208.33
50
824.17
50.4
200
14,000.00
50
280.00
131.3
100
18,236.11
50
364.72
119.6
500
83,055.56
65
1,277.7
8
92
500
63,888.89
65
982.91
LEVEL +506
19
Ventilating equipment
506
20
Air Receiver
Low Pressure compressor
house
506
21
506
506.0
5
506.0
6
506.0
7
1574
300
655,833.33
65
10,089.
74
23.5
100
3,263.89
50
65.28
112.4
300
46,833.33
65
720.51
7
22
Electrical room (circuit

breaker)
506
23
Electrical Switch Board room
506
24
Locksmiths workshop
506
25
Mechanical workshop
506
26
Welding workshop
506
27
Electrical tool room
506
28
Rigging arrangement tool
506
29
Hydro mechanical equip. tool
506
30
Electrical Laboratory
506
21
Electrical workshop
506
506.0
8
506.0
9
506.1
8
506.1
9
506.2
0
506.2
1
506.2
2
506.2
3
506.2
4
506.2
5
3,681.6
2
2,322.4
4
344.6
500
239,305.56
65
362.3
300
150,958.33
65
75
500
52,083.33
65
159.7
500
110,902.78
65
801.28
1,706.2
0
66.5
500
46,180.56
65
710.47
119.6
200
33,222.22
65
511.11
51.5
200
14,305.56
65
220.09
50.4
200
14,000.00
65
160.8
500
111,666.67
65
138.6
500
96,250.00
65
215.38
1,717.9
5
1,480.7
7
LEVEL +514
21
Cable Room
514
22
Gallery
514
514.0
1
514.0
2
710.6
200
197,388.89
50
519.9
100
72,208.33
50
3,947.7
8
1,444.1
7
LEVEL +518
23
Machine Hall/Erecting bay)
518
24
Ventilating room
518
25
15KV switch gear room
518
518.0
3
518.0
5
518.0
6
2506
300
1,044,166.
67
65
365.5
300
152,291.67
65
246.3
300
102,625.00
65
16,064.
10
2,342.9
5
1,578.8
5
8
2.2. LUMINARES AND LAMPS SELECTION

After illumination calculation has been done for determination of the wattage
and number of luminaries, quality light fittings will be selected from branded
manufactures catalogue.
The design also considered electronic quick start ballast control gear in all
places to avoid late start, flicker effect and to increase the efficiency.
Light fitting type selection will depend on:
-
The nature of ceiling, i.e. whether slab, suspended ceiling,

truss or void.
Height of ceiling and
Area.
The selected apparatus is a European origin with top quality designed to

ensure satisfactory operation and service life under all variation of load,
frequency and temperature. And some fitting will have interlock system
which disconnects the power system in case of opening of the fitting for
maintenance or lamp replacement.
Luminaries shall comply with BS 4533 and industry standard of the
manufacturer. Enclosure to luminaries shall provide a minimum degree of
protection IP40 as shown. Terminal blocks for connection of the supply
cables shall comply with BSEN 60920, 60921:1991. Translucent covers and
reflective surfaces shall be clean at the completion of the works. All control
gear for the fitting shall be electronic quick start unless stated otherwise.
Based on light fitting selection with complete information are summarized in
table format as shown below with coding from fitting type 1 to fitting type
12.
9
10
2.3. LIGHT CONTROL SWITCHES & BOXES

Light switch will be placed in accessible position shall be surface mounted
and it should be placed to accessible height. In areas where to many lights
or industrial high bays with higher rating cable are used tumbler switch box
with tumbler switch inside shall be used and the tumbler switch shall be from
the front door of the box without opening the box.
If we have two directions for accessing an area, two way switches shall be
used. Besides, two way and intermediate switch shall be used at stairs. A
common box shall be used if more than one switch is placed side to side.
If switch is placed in outside or wet area weather proof type shall be used.
Switch & Boxes Manufacturers & Pictures
No
Description
Manufacturer Picture
Switches
Legrand Niloe
Surface Mounting Box
Legrand Niloe
Switch
Tumbler
Box
Note
for Scame Domino

system
11
3. SOCKET SYSTEM
Power house should be provided with adequate number of single and three
phase socket outlet. Each industrial socket outlet should be interlocked
socket with switch and fuse and appropriate plug. The plug will only be
drawn out when the interrupter is in the open position for safety purpose.
Single phase socket should be three pin with 1P+N+G and three phase
socket five pin with 3P+N+G. socket outlets should be placed in accessible
position for both single and three phase accordingly to avoid use of long
extension cable.
Besides the rating of the socket outlet shall be as enough as possible if
higher loads with portable equipments or others is plugged on it for both
single and three phases. For this reason all 3 phase socket outlets at
workshop and other area is rated 32A.
Multipurpose shuko type wall socket outlet with protection shutter should
also be used in some areas for multifunctional use like for telecom, CCTV, WiFi and other common area as or shown on the drawing.
Besides Critical loads should get power from inverter to assure continuity of
equipments especially for Telecom, CCTV & Wi-Fi.
Socket outlet Manufacturers & Pictures
No
1
Description
16A Shuko surface 2P+E
Manufacturer Picture
Scame Domo
series
16A interlocked
socket Scame
with switch & fuse
32A interlocked
socket Scame
with switch & fuse
50A interlocked
socket Scame
with switch & fuse
Note
12
Plug for industrial socket
Scame
4. WIRING, CABLING & CONDUITING

Wiring/cabling system to both lighting and socket outlet should as easy as
possible for future maintenance and each phase and circuit number should
be marked in distribution and junction box with quality approved sticker or
labeler.
Minimum of one junction box should be used in one room and placed as near
as possible for ease of wiring and tracing. The wire and cable size will
depend up on the number and size of load per circuit and separate
calculation for three phase and single phase power will be done to determine
the size of wire, incoming feeder cable and circuit breaker.
Most of the installation works shall be done with Heavy duty rigid corrugated
conduit of minimum diameter 20mm complete with all necessary
accessories. In some areas enclosed/opened cable tray of different sizes as
shown on the drawing shall be used as an option to carry several power
cables from distribution boards to each light fitting circuit, socket outlets and
distribution boards. The conduit and tray should be fixed to appropriate
spacing to the ceiling or wall.
A proper bend should be done and no two right angle bend should be used
without a pull/junction box.
Besides vertical cable ladder of differed sizes as shown on the drawing shall
be used for vertical management of cables as it rises/falls vertically.
All
cables
used
on
CU/XPLE/PVC/cable/0.6/1KV.
site
for
early
generation
shall
be
Manufactures: Metec, Euro Cable, Elswedy or approved equivalent
13
Cable tray & Ladder Manufacturers

No
Descriptions
Prefabricated
horizontal
Metallic
cable
tray
Prefabricated
FEMI-CZ
vertical Metallic
cable ladder
Manufacture
s
FEMI-CZ
Pictures
Notes
5. DISTRIBUTION PANELS
The whole system should be controlled at one point in electric room intended
for this purpose at level +506. The flow of power is from Main Distribution
panel to each sub distribution panel at each floor and location.
Type of distribution panel used in the power house is:
-
Main Distribution panel for normal power

Main distribution panel for emergency system
Sub distribution panel for normal power
Sub distribution panel for emergency power
Each distribution boards shall be water proof, floor standing/ wall mounted
lockable door, steel enclosure complete with bus bars, signs and terminals.
The floor distribution panel given at schematic diagram of the preliminary
design is too less to control. Since the early generation unit contain the work
shop, control rooms, erecting bay and others which differs from the others
units. So I use more boards on work shop areas and control rooms as shown
on stated on the technical specification.
Power flow for normal power is from normal power Main Distribution panel for
which gets power from supply transformer to each normal distribution boards
at each floor and location.
Similarly Power flow for emergency power is from emergency Main
distribution panel which gets power from both supply transformer and
14
distribution board of DC power through ATS (Automatic transfer switch) to

each emergency distribution boards at each floor and location.
Each circuit breaker incorporated in the distribution boards shall be quality,
approved type. Each distribution should have surge protector to protect
power surge. If Socket outlets are installed in wet area, residual current
device should be used along with control breaker. Each distribution board
shall be labeled and marked as named on the drawing and all boards shall
have drawing pocket inside.
15
Here is the single line diagram of the system for two units /early generation.
16
6. GROUNDING SYSTEM
To ensure safety of person, property and live stock proper grounding with
equivalent resistance of 5ohm or less is required at each distribution panel.
Each and every light fittings and socket outlets shall have a separate
grounding wire with yellow green color
The grounding system of the boards shall be connected to the central
grounding system of the building.
All exposed metallic part of the equipments, cable trays, Cable and other
shall be earthed to prevent Electric shock if accidental earth fault current will
flow from live conductor to earth.
7. TESTS
17
All tests should be performed by the contractor after completion of

installation at each section.
The tests may be visual or machine test.
Visual tests may include: bending of conduit, color of wire and cable
and conduit alignment and others.
Machine test may include: insulation test, earth resistance test,
continuity test, performance test, and others.
8. MATERIAL QUANTITY
After considering all requirements and standards the complete design

document ready for installation is produced and the required materials like
cables, conduits, Cable trays & Ladders, light fittings, socket outlets,
switches, distribution panels and others shall be summarizes as follow.
8.1. Quantity of Light Fitting
18
8.2. Quantity of Power Cables & Distribution panel
19
20
8.3. Quantity of Socket outlets, switch & switch Boxes
21
8.4. Quantity of Cable tray & cable Ladder
22
References:
-
Ethiopian Building code standard (EBCS 10)

IEE Wiring regulation
IES
Other international standards
Technical Documents
,
23
24

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1 Objects of Lighting System General

1.1 Normal Lighting..2

The object of Lighting & Socket design system

Lighting: The system is designed to give adequate illumination to

GERD LIGHTING & SOCKET SYSTEM

continuity of the lighting effect in case of total power off action by

Emergency lighting shall be provided to maintain essential lighting in

1.3. Exit & Entrance sign lighting

The system at Switchyard considers exit & Entrance sign

Total watt used (W) =

N= Total watt used (W)/wattage of one laminar (W)

= total luminous flux to be produce a specified luminaries (in lm)

= Luminous Efficacy (in lm/W)

Corridors & lobby

Repair & Maintenance room

Electrical & mechanical Control

Work shop & Laboratory

cooling Water system room at level +492 (492.08)

Feeding all the data

Total watt used (W) =

/ =109305.55 lm/ 50 lm/W

Machine Hall/Erecting bay at level +518 (518.03)

Feeding all the data

Total watt used (W) =

/ =1044166.66 lm/ 65 lm/W

LIGHTING DESIGN CALCULATION SHEET

Auxiliary system room

Fire Fighting Pump station

Sewage pump station2

Cooling water system

Electric control room

Generator Ckt Breaker

Cable Half storeys

Gas insulated Ckt

Cleaning special tool

storage battery room2

storage battery room1

Gas insulated balloons store

Gas insulated Ckt Breaker

Electrical room (circuit

Electrical Switch Board room

Electrical tool room

Rigging arrangement tool

Hydro mechanical equip. tool

Machine Hall/Erecting bay)

15KV switch gear room

2.2. LUMINARES AND LAMPS SELECTION

The nature of ceiling, i.e. whether slab, suspended ceiling,

The selected apparatus is a European origin with top quality designed to

2.3. LIGHT CONTROL SWITCHES & BOXES

Surface Mounting Box

for Scame Domino

Plug for industrial socket

4. WIRING, CABLING & CONDUITING

Manufactures: Metec, Euro Cable, Elswedy or approved equivalent

Cable tray & Ladder Manufacturers

Main Distribution panel for normal power

distribution board of DC power through ATS (Automatic transfer switch) to

All tests should be performed by the contractor after completion of

After considering all requirements and standards the complete design

8.1. Quantity of Light Fitting

8.2. Quantity of Power Cables & Distribution panel

8.3. Quantity of Socket outlets, switch & switch Boxes

8.4. Quantity of Cable tray & cable Ladder