4 Hadean Eon

Hadean eon
Whirlpool galaxy M51
Hadean eon.
BIO1130 Organismal Biology
Universit dOttawa / University of Ottawa
1
10:22 AM
4 important eons in the history of earth
Formation of universe/big bang 4.6 billion years ago
Geological time scale and life forms

(Table 1.1 pg xii)
Molten planet to solid planet
Major Eons
End of the Hadean = first forms of life on planet
Phanerozoic (543 Ma to present time)

Multicellular organisms
Proterozoic (2,500 543 Ma)

Oxygen atmosphere, single celled aerobic organisms
Archaean (3,800 2,500 Ma)

Anaerobic bacterial life, oxygen starts to accumulate
Hadean (4,600 3,800 Ma)

Formation of the solar system and planet, ends with origin of life

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This changes chemical composition of organisms

Archaen - no oxygen in atmosphere, so bacteria are
anaerobic
Bacteria splitting water molecule to get oxygen; more
efficient at generating ATP and waste product starts
to accumulate;oxygen starts to oxidize (starts to rust)
Oxygen starts to accumulate in water and it starts to
accumulate in the air
2billion years ago start to see single-celled organisms
0.5billion years ago start to rapidly see multicellular
organisms: plants, animals, fungi
Geological time scale and building height

(1floor 60Ma, 72 floors, 12 feet/floor)
Major Eons (Ma)

Phanerozoic
(543 Ma to present time, top 9 floors)
Proterozoic
(2,500 543 Ma, 33rd -63rd)
Archaean
(3,800 2,500 Ma, 12th 33rd)
Hadean
(4,600 3,800 Ma, 0-12th)

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Hadean eon
End of cenozoic = mass extinction, dinosaurs

disappeared and mammals and birds arrived
Geological time scale and life forms

(Table 1.1 pg xii)
Major Era
Mesozoic = mostly ocean life
Phanerozoic (550 Ma to present time)

Cenozoic (65Ma to present time)
Dinosaurs disappear, mammals and birds
Mesozoic (251-65 Ma)
Flowering plants, dinosaurs, even more insects
Paleozoic (543-251 Ma)
Marine invertebrates, algae, Cambrian explosion, first
land plants and insects.
End of Paleozoic = plants, marine invertebrates

Hadean (4,600 3,800 Ma)

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10:22 AM
Geological time scale and building height

( 1floor 60Ma, 72 floors, 12 feet/floor)
Major Era
Phanerozoic
Cenozoic
(65 Ma to present time, 72nd floor)
Mesozoic
(251-65 Ma, 65th to 71st)
Paleozoic
(543-251 Ma, 63th to 65th)
Hadean (4,500 3,800 Ma)
Your life span = 0.0002 inches

Human hair = 0.001 inches

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10:22 AM
Big bang occurred, collisions cause enough energy
Galaxies
A lot of matter is interacting, resulting in solar

systems, galaxies

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Hadean eon
Nat Geo Sun video
Our Solar system

Mercury
Venus
3. Earth
4. Mars
5. Jupiter
6. Saturn
7. Uranus
8. Neptune
9. Pluto
1.
Sun makes up 99.9% of matter in our solar system

Fusing hydrogen into helium
9.
2.
8. 7.
6.
75% hydrogen, 23% helium in sun
5.
4.
1.
2.
3.
Carbon is ubiquitous in our solar system

1-4 = iron core planets (heavy metals)
NASA
5-8 = ice planets (gasses and frozen matter)
10:22 AM
Late heavy Bombardment

The Nice Model
Large planets have large gravitational pull

They would pull in huge chunks of matter (saturn, jupiter)
Jupiter
Jupiter
Saturn
Jupiter
This altered the orbit of other planets

As planets moved outwards, asteroid belt moved and
consolidates into saturn and jupiter
This cause neptune and uranus to possibly switch
orbits
End result is that we get orbits of planets as well as
Neptune
dispersed asteroid belt
Uranus Bombardment stabilized everything
10:22 AM
Stabilization of solar system; planets in position
Habitable zone
Goldilock zone - water exists in liquid state

Habitable zone - water stays in liquid form
Bombardment contained water (liquid) water
vapourized and cooling cycles turned it into oceans
Figure 3.8
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Hadean eon
Building phase - planet is cooling, water vapour
Hadean eon
Stabilizing phase - no longer being bombarded, water

is present on the surface of the planet (water is
sterile)
Building phase
Stabilizing phase
Orion nubula (NASA)

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Earth 4,000 Ma
Figure 3.7
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10:22 AM
Special creation - life came all at once 4004 BCE

(not true, since we know concept of evolution)
Origins of life on earth

Special creation
Extraterrestrial
origins (Panspermia)
Chemical evolution
Extraterrestrial - life came from outside of earth;

bacteria on asteroids which multiplied and got into
water system (would be LUCA)
NASA

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Hadean eon
Chemical evolution before biological evolution
Origins of life on earth
How do we take inorganic chemicals and turn it into

organic chemistry (carbon forms)
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10:22 AM
Wacky water
Cohesion,
adhesion and
surface tension
Solvent properties
Ice formation
Temperature
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10:22 AM
Wacky water
Polar bonds and hydrogen bonding

Nonpolar covalent bonds
Polar covalent bonds
Figure F13
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Hadean eon
Wacky water
Surface tension
Figure F-16
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Wacky water
Solvent properties
Figure F-17
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As temperature lowers, Brownian motion decreases

At 4degC, water forms a lattice that doesnt compress further
Water freezes from top to bottom,
Life can still exist under ice
Wacky water
Ice and water formation
4C
near OC
Figure F.15

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Hadean eon
Wacky water
Water has high specific heat capacity due to hydrogen bonds
Temperature
Specific heats of some liquids (joules)
Liquids with high levels of hydrogen bonding
Ammonia (NH3)
Water (H2O)
4.70
4.18
Liquids with moderate levels of hydrogen bonding

Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)
Ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH)
2.44
2.22
Liquids with low levels of hydrogen bonding

Benzene (C6H6)
Zylene (C8H10)
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
1.80
1.72
1.40
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Organic evolution
Carbon is central to life carbon
atoms link in chains, bind with
other atoms to make the array
of organic chemicals that
constitute life itself, from DNA
to toenails Richard Fortey Life
Carbon molecule
20
10:22 AM
Miller-Urey Apparatus
Electrodes
CH4
NH3
H2O
H2
Spark
discharge
Gases
Water out
Condensor
Water in
Water droplets
Water and
organic compounds
Boiling water
Mimic earths early atmosphere

Wanted to see if they could get the organic molecules
found on earth
Liquid water in trap

Figure 3.9
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10:22 AM
If they provide heat, thunderstorms/lightning,

Water was vaporizing into gaseous environment (which had
original chemicals, CH4, NH3, H2O, H2) then they put in spark
and cooled gases and reflux/cycle for a week
They analyzed what they got - carbon compounds:
rings, chains, etc
When they left if for a longer time, they got more basic
organic compounds (amino acids, sugars)
This wouldve occurred for millions of years
Page 7
Hadean eon
Primordial soup (oceans).
Chemical evolution
Origins of organics (monomer)
May be another source of organic molecules:

Prebiotic
soups
Hydrothermal
vents
Interstellar
organics
Figure 3.10
Hydrothermal vents - in deep parts of ocean, weight of water

column causes formation of molecules together
We find the precursor molecules in these vents
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10:22 AM
Three theories of formation of organic molecules

- reflux, vents, interstellar organisms
- all lead to oceans full of organic molecules
Chemical evolution
Biopolymers (macromolecules)
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrate
Lipids
Must be able to create biopolymers from these precursor

organic molecules
Lipids are insoluble in water; form oily residue;
Two different polymerization environments
23
Central Dogma of Biology
10:22 AM
1.
2.
3.
HIV/AIDS first RNA virus discovered
Replication
Transcription
Translation
RNA has its own catalytic properties;

Proteins can also self-replicate; preons
2.
1.
Extreme bacteria; exist at high temperatures/low (when water

becomes super-heated)
3.
What was first self-replicating polymer?
DNA
RNA
Protein
Figure 3.14
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Hadean eon
DNA not first to come; Proteins came first
Biotic chemistry (Polymers)
or Panspermia (luca arrived from outerspace)
Panspermia
The RNA world
Ribozymes - catalytic RNA
Ribozymes
Proteins first
Clays
NASA
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10:22 AM
First self-replicating molecule RNA
Evolution of information flow

from an RNA world
RNA contained info as well as product that will do the work

RNA
Each of these steps have been done in systems
DNA
RNA
Protein
RNA
Protein
Peptide chains - clays
Figure 3.16
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10:22 AM
Clays are organizers of charged elements

Biotic chemistry (Polymers)
If primordial soup is put on clays, they will align amino

acids
in sequence
Panspermia
The RNA world
Ribozymes
Polymerization issues become solved by clays

Able to make long-chained polymers with clay
Proteins first
Clays
Figure 3.12

Monomers got combined together
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Hadean eon
Lipids - nonpolar molecules
Bubble hypothesis for cells
Can mix lipids and water together to form lipid bilayer

containing aqueous environment
Microsphere
Micelles
Microspheres - pure lipids
(Liposomes)
Protobionts
Miscelles - some aqueous environment inside
(Protocells)
Protobiont
Figure 3.13
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10:22 AM
Water soluble compounds react to form insoluble compounds

T
A + B -> S
Micelle replication
Simple chemical reaction that causes liposomes to grow

and divide with celllular environment

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Ability to take two elements together to create protocell
Biological evolution:
Protobionts
Assembly of macromolecules still a problem

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Hadean eon
Biological evolution:
Protobionts
Glucose-phosphate
Glucose-phosphate
Phosphatase
Starch
Amylase
Phosphate
Maltose
Maltose
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10:22 AM
What is life and emergence?

Organicists (1930) vital force replaced by
genetic program and the importance of
emergence.
Emergence - More than the sum of the parts
Water
Sodium
chloride
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Both are similar molecules

What is life and emergence?
Hemoglobin is more efficient at transporting oxygen
Emergence - More than the sum of the parts
It has 4 sub-units (if one O2 molecules binds, others too)
Myoglobin
Hemoglobin

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Hadean eon
How do we get first forms of life?
What is life?
(Figure 2.2)
Organized - with the cell as the fundamental unit

Self replicating - Life from life with a genetic
We see this in Archaen.
program
Metabolizing - Capturing and releasing energy

Self regulating - A delicate balance
Reproduce life from life
Evolving - Adapting and changing
Responding - Sensing and interacting with the
surrounding world
Growth increase in size

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4 Hadean Eon

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Hadean eon

Whirlpool galaxy M51

4 important eons in the history of earth

Formation of universe/big bang 4.6 billion years ago

Geological time scale and life forms

Molten planet to solid planet

End of the Hadean = first forms of life on planet

Phanerozoic (543 Ma to present time)

Proterozoic (2,500 543 Ma)

Archaean (3,800 2,500 Ma)

Hadean (4,600 3,800 Ma)

BIO1130 Organismal Biology

This changes chemical composition of organisms

Geological time scale and building height

Major Eons (Ma)

BIO1130 Organismal Biology

BIO1130 Organismal Biology

End of cenozoic = mass extinction, dinosaurs

Geological time scale and life forms

Mesozoic = mostly ocean life

Phanerozoic (550 Ma to present time)

End of Paleozoic = plants, marine invertebrates

Proterozoic (2,500 543 Ma)

BIO1130 Organismal Biology

Geological time scale and building height

Your life span = 0.0002 inches

BIO1130 Organismal Biology

Big bang occurred, collisions cause enough energy

A lot of matter is interacting, resulting in solar

BIO1130 Organismal Biology

BIO1130 Organismal Biology

Nat Geo Sun video

Our Solar system

Sun makes up 99.9% of matter in our solar system

75% hydrogen, 23% helium in sun

Carbon is ubiquitous in our solar system

BIO1130 Organismal Biology

5-8 = ice planets (gasses and frozen matter)

Universit dOttawa / University of Ottawa

Late heavy Bombardment

Large planets have large gravitational pull

This altered the orbit of other planets

Stabilization of solar system; planets in position

Goldilock zone - water exists in liquid state

BIO1130 Organismal Biology

Universit dOttawa / University of Ottawa

BIO1130 Organismal Biology

Building phase - planet is cooling, water vapour

Stabilizing phase - no longer being bombarded, water

Orion nubula (NASA)

Universit dOttawa / University of Ottawa

BIO1130 Organismal Biology

Universit dOttawa / University of Ottawa

Special creation - life came all at once 4004 BCE

Origins of life on earth

Extraterrestrial - life came from outside of earth;

BIO1130 Organismal Biology

BIO1130 Organismal Biology

Chemical evolution before biological evolution

Origins of life on earth

How do we take inorganic chemicals and turn it into

BIO1130 Organismal Biology

Universit dOttawa / University of Ottawa

BIO1130 Organismal Biology